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Indicadores De Bancarización Indicadores de Bancarización GCEF MERCOSUR 2011 GMM Grupo de Monitoreo Macroeconómico El presente documento se encuentra disponible en www.gmm-mercosur.org ó www.gmm-mercosul.org Oficina E-mail de Contacto Argentina Banco Central de la República Argentina........ [email protected] Brasil Banco Central de Brasil. División Monetaria y Bancaria (Dimob). Departamento Económico (Depec) ................... [email protected] Paraguay Banco Central del Paraguay. Departamento de Estudios Monetarios y Financieros. Gerencia de Estudios Económicos ................. [email protected] Uruguay Banco Central del Uruguay Departamento de Análisis Monetario. Departamento de Estudios y Regulación..................................................... [email protected] El contenido del presente documento es exclusiva responsabilidad de los autores y en ningún caso debe considerarse que refleja los puntos de vista de la Unión Europea. Unión Europea Apoyo al Monitoreo Macroeconómico MERCOSUR Este documento fue elaborado en el marco del Proyecto de Cooperación Técnica y Financiera de la Unión Europea y el MERCOSUR, “Apoyo al Monitoreo Macroeconómico” (AMM). El Proyecto AMM tiene como principales objetivos desarrollar, armonizar, validar y divulgar estadísticas fiscales, monetarias y de balanza de pagos del bloque, así como también profundizar los espacios de reflexión y diálogo macroeconómico entre los Estados Parte. La consecución de los objetivos del Proyecto se da a través del fortalecimiento de las actividades que vienen desarrollando los Ministerios de Economía (Hacienda y/o Finanzas) y Bancos Centrales de los países del bloque en el marco del trabajo del Grupo de Monitoreo Macroeconómico (GMM). AUTORIDADES Director Regional: Octavio Groppa Coordinador Técnico: Fernando Curi Responsable Primário do componente monetário: Ericsom Semerene Costa Coordinador Principal del Estudio: José Aníbal Insfrán Pelozo Especialistas de país: • Fernando Baer (Senior) y Horacio Pozzo (Asistente)(Argentina) • Clecio Jose Bortini Dias (Senior) y Carlos Baigorri (Asistente) (Brasil) • Jorge Denis (Senior) y Marcela Achinelli (Asistente) (Paraguay) • Juan Marcelo Perera (Senior) y Guillermo Carlomagno (Asistente) (Uruguay) 1 INDICE Tabla de contenido Siglas..............................................................................................................................8 Introducción...............................................................................................................9 Sección 1: Aspectos conceptuales de la Bancarización...........................................................11 Revisión Bibliográfica…………………………………………........................................…………………..…..11 Rol del Sistema Financiero en la Economía………………..............................………..……………......11 Finanzas, Crecimiento Económico y Reducción de la Pobreza…….....................................…….11 Conceptualización de Bancarización……………………........…........................................……….….15 ¿Por qué la Bancarización es importante?..………....…................................………………………....15 Medición de la Bancarización……………...............................................…………………………........15 Magnitudes Globales o Aspectos Macroeconómicos…….................................………….........16 Aspectos de Cobertura Geográfica……………….........................................….................….........16 Aspectos de Acceso y Utilización……………...............................…………….................................16 Proceso de Bancarización……………………….......................………………………………………………...18 Limitantes de la Bancarización……………...............................…..............................……………...19 Bancarización en Cifras. Mejores prácticas a nivel internacional…….......................................20 Caso de España…………………………...…………........................................………………………………...23 Bancarización en Chile…………..............................................................................…………...27 Sección 2: La Bancarización en el MERCOSUR……................................…………........................30 Magnitudes Agregadas…………………….............................………..........................………………...31 Cobertura Geográfica…………………............................…………………………………………………………..33 Aspectos de Acceso y Utilización de Servicios Financieros en el MERCOSUR..............................36 Coyuntura económica regional………...............................................................……………...……38 2 Análisis individual de cada país……………..................................................................………….42 Argentina…………………………………………………………………………………………………………....………………42 Brasil……………………………………………………………………....…………………………………………………...49 Paraguay……………………………….......…………………………………...………………………………………………….57 Uruguay……………………………………………………………....………………………………………………………..62 Sección 3: Indicadores de Bancarización existentes……….................................…...…….…........67 Indicadores de Bancarización MERCOSUR…......................................................…………………67 Variables homogéneas y comparables………..........................................................………....76 Sección 4: El Indicador único de Bancarización-MERCOSUR……....................................…........80 Propuesta metodológica para un Indicador único de bancarización…....................……...80 Medida única de Bancarización…………………….......................................……………………..80 Conjunto de indicadores consistentes en la definición establecida…..................................81 Indicador de Bancarización compuesto………………...............................……………………………..81 Ventajas y desventajas de un indicador único de bancarización…..............................……...81 Métodos alternativos para el cálculo de un indicador único de bancarización..............................….83 Componente Principal…………………………………............................…………………………………………83 La Metodología “Doing Business Adaptada” al Indicador de Bancarización.......................…84 El Proceso de construcción del Indicador único de Bancarización MERCOSUR.........................84 El indicador de Bancarización MERCOSUR….................................................................……85 Dimensión adicional: Restricciones a la obtención del crédito…..................................………….85 Precisiones respecto a los conceptos de Utilización y Acceso….....................................….85 Selección de variable en el Indicador de Bancarización MERCOSUR..................................….87 Ponderación de las variables del indicador……………..............................................…………….89 Construcción de un benchmark para el Indicador de Bancarización..................................…..90 Construcción del Indice de Bancarización MERCOSUR……………...............................…………..92 3 Utilización del índice de Bancarización MERCOSUR……….………………………………..............…….…….93 Otras perspectivas de análisis que se podrían implementar……..................................…….…….94 Inconvenientes o Limitaciones del Indicador de Bancarización MERCOSUR.................................................95 Reflexiones respecto al Indicador de Bancarización….......…......................................………....96 Sección 5: E-Banking, Internet y Mobile Banking………….…..................................….….….........97 Introducción…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….97 Algunas definiciones previas……………………………………………....……………………………………………99 E-Banking ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………99 E-Money ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………99 E-Payments………………………………………………………………………...……………………………99 Internet Banking .……………………………………………… ………………...…………………………………….…99 M-Banking ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….99 M-Payments………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….….99 Información general ………………………………………………………………………………………………….….99 Información en línea…………………………………………………………………………………………………………99 Mensajería electrónica……………………………………………………………………………………………………….99 Servicio en línea………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..99 Operador en línea………………….….……………………………………………………………………………………99 Modelos de Banca…………………..………………………………………………………………..……………………100 Banca sin sucursales……………………................................………………………….………………………100 Modelo de provisión de servicios financieros…….....................................……….....……………100 Modelo de banco puro…………………………................................…………….…………………………100 Modelo de banco únicamente por Internet…………………………………………………………………..…101 Modelo de operador móvil……………………………………………………………………………………………..101 Modelo híbrido……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….101 E-Banking y provisión de servicios financieros híbridos………………………………………………….102 4 Perspectiva Mundial………………………………………………………………………………………….……………104 Experiencia exitosa de la expansión de los servicios financieros……...............……………..…….107 Sistema de Regulación en el esquema Banca sin sucursales …………….........….……………...109 Perspectiva Regional………………………………………………………………………………………………………110 La Bancarización y la tecnología móvil en América Latina….……………………………….……...111 Diagnóstico de provisión del Sistema Financiero a través de Internet y telefonía móvil ...............116 Análisis por países……………………………………………………………………………………………………………119 Argentina………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..120 La Oferta de Canales No Operativos tradicionales…………………………………………………………...122 La industria de telefonías móviles en la Argentina…………………………………………………………..122
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