Bryophytes of the Olkusz Ore-Bearing Region (Southern Poland)
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Bryophytes of the Olkusz Ore-bearing Region (southern Poland) This publication was supported by a grant from Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through the European Economic Area Financial Mechanism Bryophytes of the Olkusz Ore-bearing Region (southern Poland) Adam Stebel Ryszard Ochyra Barbara Godzik Halina Bednarek-Ochyra Kraków 2015 Reviewer Jan Żarnowiec Typesetting Marian Wysocki Cover design Barbara Godzik Cover photograph Barbara Godzik: Pleurozium schreberi Copyright © W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences Published and distributed by W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków Tel./fax (48) 12 4241731; e-mail: [email protected] ISBN: 978-83-62975-27-3 Issued: 30 December 2015 Printed by Drukarnia Kolejowa Kraków Sp. z o.o. Forteczna 20A, 32-086 Węgrzce, Poland Table of Contents Abstract .................................................. 6 1. Introduction .............................................. 7 2. Study area ................................................ 9 3. Vegetation ................................................ 17 4. Material and methods ....................................... 29 5. Bryological research in the Olkusz Ore-bearing Region .............. 35 6. General features of the bryophyte flora and its diversity in relation to the coterminous regions ......................................... 37 7. Mountain species ........................................... 45 8. Protected and threatened taxa ................................. 47 9. Habitat analysis of the bryoflora ............................... 51 10. Heavy metals in the environment and bryophytes .................. 53 11. Changes in the bryoflora ..................................... 55 12. List of collecting sites ........................................ 57 13. Systematic list of bryophytes .................................. 65 14. Doubtful and excluded species ................................. 129 References ................................................ 131 Index to Latin plant names ................................... 145 Abstract. In 2008–2014 bryological investigations were carried out in the Olkusz Ore- bearing Region. Considering literature data, 19 species and 1 variety of liverwort and 171 spe- cies and 2 varieties of moss are known from this area, which accounts for about 24.3% of the total muscoflora and 7.6% hepaticoflora of Poland. Over half this number constitute very rare (50.9%) or rare (18.3%) species, whereas common species contribute 6.5% of the total flora. The largest habitat group is represented by epigean taxa (70.0%), followed by epilithic (18.2%), epiphytic and paludicolous (both 17.6%), epixylic (16.5%), and aquatic (4.7%). In this paper the main features of the moss flora of the Olkusz Ore-bearing Region are given. Protected and threatened species are briefly discussed. Three species, namely Philonotis arnellii Husn., Pohlia lescuriana (Sull.) Ochi and Rhytidiadelphus subpinnatus (Lindb.) T.J.Kop. are recorded for the first time in the Silesian Upland. Key words. Bryophytes, mosses, liverworts, protected species, threatened species, Olkusz Ore-bearing region, Silesian Upland, Poland Authors’ addresses: Adam Stebel, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Ostrogórska 30, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Ryszard Ochyra, Laboratory of Bryology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Barbara Godzik, Department of Ecology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] Halina Bednarek-Ochyra, Laboratory of Bryology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Lubicz 46, 31-512 Kraków, Poland; e-mail: [email protected] 1 Introduction The bryophyte floras of industrialised areas Ore-bearing Region which is situated in the have been the subjects of investigations both in easternmost part of the Silesian Upland in Poland (Jędrzejko, 1985, 1990; Stebel, 1997) southern Poland. and in other European countries, for example This treatment is based on the field work in the Czech Republic (Duda, 1989a, b) and carried out under the project PL0265 “Veg- Germany (Düll, 1980). Extensive human etation of calamine soils and its importance impact results in impoverishment of the bryo- for biodiversity and landscape conservation in floras which become dominated by common post-mining areas”. It gained a financial sup- hemerophilous species. Some less common port by a grant from Iceland, Lichtenstein and mosses appear well adapted to such conditions Norway through the Financial Mechanism and spread throughout industrialised areas. of the European Economic Area and, partly, The best examples are species which frequently through the statutory fund of the W. Szafer grow in degenerated forests surrounding Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of urban-industrial complexes in Upper Silesia, Sciences. for example Orthodicranum tauricum (Stebel The scientific results of this project et al., 2012) and Callicladium haldanianum have been described in one monograph, 13 (Stebel, 2013). research papers and 15 popular articles. The Ore-bearing areas are an interesting field of participants of the project presented them study from the point of view of human impact on numerous scientific congresses, confer- on the moss flora. Zinc and lead ores have been ences and workshops and altogether no fewer dredged for centuries, since at least medieval than 41 abstracts devoted to various aspects times, leading to significant changes in the of botanical research carried out within this natural environment. In Poland, zinc and lead project are available (Grodzińska & Godzik, ores were mined in a few places in the Sile- 2015). Moreover, the scientific results have sian-Cracow Highland. Most were exhausted been recently summarised in a monograph or mining became unviable. Currently, the dealing with natural and historical values of the only mining site is an area called Olkusz Ore- Olkusz Ore-bearing Region (Godzik, 2015a). bearing Region. This extensive treatment presents a detailed The bryofloras of ore-bearing areas remain characterisation of the Olkusz Ore-bearing poorly studied and only occasionally some Region, with particular reference to its land- rare species occurring in such places have scape features related to mining and metalurgy been reported. The present treatment provides (Godzik, 2015b; Woch, 2015) and history of a summary of information concerning the mining (Godzik & Woch, 2015). It comprises bryophyte flora and its changes in the Olkusz also a detailed description of the vegetation 7 (Holeksa et al., 2015) and main groups of Copping, Roydon, Diss, UK, for improving organisms, including vascular plants (Nowak the English and to Katarzyna Biłyk and Marian et al., 2015), bryophytes (Ochyra & Godzik, Wysocki, Kraków, for technical assistance. 2015), lichens (Bielczyk, 2015) and macro- Thanks are also due to Dr Barbara Fojcik and scopic fungi (Mleczko & Beszczyńska, 2015). Dr Beata Babczyńska-Sendek, Katowice, for Moreover, some detailed topics have also giving us the specimen of Aloina rigida, and been included in this monograph, including to Dr Jacek Drobnik, Katowice, for donating growth dynamics of Scots pine (Zielonka unpublished herbarium specimens from the et al., 2015), physiochemical and biological study area. Dr Vítězslav Plášek, Ostrava, the properties of soils in the dominant types of Czech Republic, gave us the photograph of plant communities (Kapusta et al., 2015) Lophozia ventricosa (Dicks.) Dumort. and and impact of soil physicochemical proper- Dr Grażyna Szarek-Łukaszewska, Kraków, ties and vegetation on soil microorganisms Dr Paweł Kapusta, Kraków and Dr Monika (Stefanowicz, 2015). In addition, another Jędrzejczyk-Korycińska, Katowice, provided major work provides a survey of the vascular the photographs of various landscapes from plants (Nowak et al., 2011) and the present the Olkusz Ore-bearing Region. We are account is devoted to the bryophyte flora of also indebted to the Marshal of Małopolska this region. Province for permision to use the aerial We are grateful to Professor Rod D. photographs of the study area (Licence No. Seppelt, Hobart, Tasmania and Mr Arthur RO-IV.7522.464.2015_12_N). 2 Study area The investigated area comprises the whole part is where, since the Middle Ages, zinc and Olkusz Ore-bearing Region (OOR) and some lead ores have been mined and processed. The coterminous areas located in southern Poland eastern and southern parts of the area are occu- (Fig. 1). It is rectangular in outline (8 × 6 km), pied by sand quarries or overgrown by pine covering 48 sq. km at long. 19°25′–19°32′E forest, whereas the western and northern mar- and lat. 50°15′–50o19′N (Fig. 2). The central gins are given over to agriculture. a b c d e f g 14° 16° 18° 20° 22° 24°E A A Baltic Sea 54° 54° B B brza e Bi w re a N Vistula Noteć C Bug C Warta Odra 52° 52° Prosna D D Pilica Wieprz E E W D i F u s F n ł ok o ł a s San 50°N 50°N k i j a e W c G G 16° 18° 20° 22° 24°E a b c d e f g Fig. 1. Location of the Olkusz Ore-bearing Region in Poland in the Fd 36 and Fd 46 squares (marked with green) in the ATMOS grid square system. 9 Fd 36 Dąbrówka 373 Fd 36 364 Bolesław Stary 362 Olkusz 356 Fd 46 Baba Sztoła Bukowno Fd 46 Fig. 2. Topography of the Olkusz Ore-bearing Region with marked 1 × 1 km grid square system. 1 – built-up areas;