Wuling Dengan GM (Amerika) Dan Geely Dengan Volvo (Swedia)

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Wuling Dengan GM (Amerika) Dan Geely Dengan Volvo (Swedia) BAB I PENDAHULUAN Bab ini akan menjelaskan secara menyeluruh gambaran mengenai latar belakang penelitian, rumusan masalah, tujuan penelitian, manfaat penelitian, ruang lingkup penelitian, dan sistematika penelitian. 1.1 Latar Belakang Persaingan yang terjadi didalam bisnis akhir – akhir ini sangatlah ketat, dimana semakin banyaknya bermunculan brand mobil baru di Indonesia membuat setiap brand yang ada harus semakin bekerja keras dalam memunculkan keunikan dan perbedaan antara brand yang satu dengan yang lain sehingga perusahaan harus memiliki suatu keunggulan serta kemampuan untuk terus berinovasi agar dapat tetap bertahan dalam industri dan bersaing dengan perusahaan lainnya. Awareness of consumers didefinisikan sebagai tujuan akhir dari sebagian besar bisnis karena sebuah awareness of consumers berguna untuk meningkatkan penjualan dan pendapatan. Idealnya, awareness of consumers dapat menarik pelanggan baru dan mendorong pembelian berulang. Kesadaran merek mengacu pada seberapa sadar pelanggan terhadap produk yang ditawarkan dan seberapa besar bisnis dari produk - produk yang ada. (Cornell Maple Bulletin, 2007) 1 Awareness of consumers akan suatu brand atau merek itu sangatlah penting, karena ketika seseorang atau individu ingin membeli sebuah produk untuk keluarga atau pun perusahaan, merek yang dibeli adalah merek yang dia ketahui atau ingat saja. Hal ini juga terjadi didalam industri otomotif dimana seperti contoh ketika sebuah keluarga baru ingin memiliki mobil LMPV (low multi purpose vehicle), dimana saat ini yang paling terkenal dan memiliki penjualan yang tinggi adalah Toyota Avanza dan Mitsubishi X-pander. (Carmudi, 2018) Jika melihat data yang ada pada tahun 2010, terdapat merek otomotif Cina yang pernah masuk di Indonesia dan berusaha untuk bersaing dengan produsen otomotif dari Jepang yaitu Geely. Merek Geely yang saat itu telah mengambil alih Volvo, produsen mobil asal Swedia dari tangan Ford sekitar 2009, dengan mengakuisisi Volvo maka Geely akan diperkuat oleh teknologi yang selama ini sudah dikembangkan oleh Volvo. Sehingga, hal ini dapat mempengaruhi percepatan perkembangan teknologi yang berada di Asia. (Detik Oto, 2010) Banyak dari industri otomotif Cina yang melakukan joint atau akuisisi dengan perusahaan asing seperti Amerika, Swedia dan masih banyak lagi, contoh Wuling dengan GM (Amerika) dan Geely dengan Volvo (Swedia). Hal ini dilakukan karena stigma buruk terutama di dalam pasar masyarakat Indonesia dimana stigma masih sangat kuat di sektor otomotif baik itu sepeda motor maupun mobil. Stigma buruk itu masih membekas dikarenakan pada pengujung 1990-an hingga awal 2000-an, sejumlah sepeda motor merek Cina sempat masuk ke dalam pasar Indonesia hanya untuk waktu yang singkat dan tidak bertanggung jawab seperti yang dilakukan Jialing dan kawan-kawan. (Antara, 2017) 2 Melihat kepada informasi yang ada bahwa Geely Group ini sebelumnya ini merupakan sebuah perusahaan komponen pendingin udara. Hanya butuh waktu 20 tahun untuk Geely menjadi salah satu pabrikan mobil terbesar di China dan pada tahun 2009 Geely mulai melakukan ekspansi dengan masuk ke pasar Indonesia. Pada tahun 2009, Geely menawarkan sedan hatchback seperti tipe MK dan MK2 yang dihargai dengan harga dibawah Rp150 juta. Penjualan yang baik dengan varian MK dan MK2, Geely pun mulai memasuki pasar mini citycar yaitu Geely Panda dengan harga kisaran Rp 95 Juta. Beberapa merek pun akhirnya mencoba untuk masuk ke dalam pasar otomotif Indonesia dan juga ikut berusaha dalam mengubah pasar Indonesia. Kemudian masuknya merek China lainnya dengan merek Chery dan mereka membawa produknya yaitu Chery QQ dan Tiggo pada tahun 2011. Berdasarkan gambar dibawah ini menunjukkan bahwa penjualan Chery tidak sesukses Geely di pasar Indonesia, Chery hanya mampu menjual 185 unit per tahun, meskipun di 2012 mampu menjual 215 unit per tahun, akan tetapi pada tahun 2013 dan 2014 setelahnya merek Chery ini tidak dapat bersaing di Indonesia seperti yang terdapat didalam Gambar 1.1 (Gaikindo, 2011) 3 Chery Chery 250 215 200 185 150 100 50 0 0 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 Gambar 1.1 Grafik penjualan Chery di Indonesia Sumber: dibuat untuk penelitian ini (2019) Terdapat didalam gambar 1.2, Geely yang mulai masuk dalam Gaikindo pada tahun 2011 dengan mencatatkan angka penjualan sebanyak 1022 unit dan pada tahun 2012 naik menjadi 1232 unit, pada tahun 2013 dengan 498 unit penjualan wholesales dan pada tahun 2014 turun menjadi 193 unit, dan penjualan terakhit yang tercatat pada tahun 2015 sebanyak 135 mobil saja dalam satu tahun. Selanjutnya pada tahun 2016 dan seterusnya sudah tidak dapat ditemukan kembali data penjualan dari Geely. (Gaikindo, 2011) 4 Geely Geely 1400 1200 1232 1000 1022 800 600 498 400 200 193 135 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Gambar 1.2 Grafik penjualan Geely di Indonesia Sumber: dibuat untuk penelitian ini (2019) Pada 2015 Geely sempat bangkit dan mencatat angka penjualan 135 unit, sayangnya di 2016 data penjualan Geely di Indonesia tak ada lagi. Strategi after sales yang tidak membaik memang menjadi kendala dalam penjualan Geely di Indonesia. Merek China yang bermain di pasar otomotif Indonesia pun tak hanya berada di dalam segmen kendaraan penumpang saja. Kendaraan komersial dengan berbagai merek baik produk APM atau importir pun pernah mencoba untuk dapat bersaing di Indonesia, seperti contohnya ada beberapa merek yang mampu bertahan diantaranya FAW, Fotton, Dongfeng dan Shacman. Mereka menawarkan beberapa varian mulai dari truck tractor, mixer, dan cargo, sama halnya dengan merek Jepang yang lebih dulu hadir seperti Mitsubishi dan Isuzu. 5 Wuling, sebuah merek Cina yang juga memulai persaingan pada tahun 2017 ini akan membuktikan kualitas mereka karena mereka tidak kalah dalam hal spesifikasi maupun fitur , namun terhadang dengan label “Cina” yang melekat di dalam pasar Indonesia yang tentunya bukan suatu hal yang baik untuk diingat sampai saat ini. Secara jelas bahwa sebuah awareness of consumers sangat mempengaruhi tingkat penjualan dari sebuah merek yang ada karena dengan semakin terkenal suatu merek maka penjualan yang didapat juga akan berjalan dengan berimbang. Karena Wuling ingin mencoba untuk dapat mengembalikan kepercayaan dari konsumen yang dulu sudah kecewa dengan pendahulunya, belajar dari kesalahan yang terjadi maka Wuling sebagai brand yang secara jelas kalah dari pengalaman dan umur maka Wuling Motors di Indonesia berdiri dengan kerjasama dari tiga pihak yaitu SAIC, GM (General Motors) dan Wuling dimana terbagi menjadi SAIC dengan 50,1%, GM dengan 44% dan Guangxi Automobile Group sebesar 5,9 % (Gaikindo, 2016) Dengan investasi yang dilakukan oleh Wuling Indonesia yang bisa dikatakan sangat besar untuk ukuran brand yang baru akan memulai di Indonesia, investasi pabrik untuk produksi MPV di Indonesia, gabungan perusahaan "saudara" SGMW Motor Indonesia melalui merek Wuling. Investasinya yang besar yaitu mencapai 700 juta dolar AS atau Rp 9,34 triliun. (Gaikindo, 2017) Memiliki pabrik seluas 60 hektar di Greenland International Industrial Center (GIIC), Block BA No 1 dan 2 Sukamahi, Cikarang Pusat, Bekasi, Jawa Barat, yang pembangunannya selesai dan diresmikan pada 11 Juli 2017. Pembagiannya, 30 hektar untuk pabrik, dan 30 hektar lainnya untuk Supplier Park. Kapasitas produksi maksimal pabrik 6 SGMW mencapai 150.000 unit per tahun. Pembangunan pabrik di Indonesia ini dapat dikatakan sebagai langkah strategis, karena tidak hanya untuk pasar dalam negeri, tetapi juga menjadikannya basis ekspor untuk pasar Asia Tenggara. Melihat investasi Wuling dan keseriusan Wuling dalam industri otomotif di Indonesia membuat konsumen mulai menaruh kepercayaan didalam brand Wuling. Terbukti dengan melihat gambar penjualan tahun 2018 dimana Wuling sebagai brand Cina yang baru masuk didalam pasar Indonesia tetapi menariknya Wuling Motors berhasil masuk ke dalam jajaran 10 besar merek mobil dengan penjualan wholesales terbanyak, terlihat didalam gambar 1.3 (Gaikindo, 2018) Wuling 2500 2325 2000 1765 1908 1720 1500 1560 1277 1139 1128 1161 1083 1000 1009 927 500 0 Wuling Gambar 1.3 Grafik penjualan Wuling di Indonesia tahun 2018 Sumber: dibuat untuk penelitian ini (2019) Di Tiongkok, perusahaan ini bernama SAIC-GM-Wuling Automobile, disingkat menjadi SGMW. Ini merupakan perusahaan patungan antara SAIC Motor, General Motors, dan Liuzhou Wuling Motors Co Ltd. Perusahaan ini berkantor 7 pusat di Liuzhou (daerah otonomi Guangxi Zhuang di barat daya daratan Tiongkok). Gaikindo, (2016). SAIC-General Motors-Wuling (SGMW) mencatat rekor penjualan baru di 2016. Penjualan produk SGMW di Tiongkok telah mencapai 2,13 juta unit, meningkat dibandingkan penjualan di 2015 sebanyak 2,040 juta unit. Merek Wuling dan Baojun adalah dua kontributor utama dalam peningkatan penjualan SGMW. Merek Wuling membukukan penjualan total sebanyak 1.369.618 unit di 2016, sementara merek Baojun membukukan penjualan total sebanyak 760.559 unit dengan pertumbuhan tahunan / YoY (year- on-year) sebesar 51,2%, Wuling Hongguang merupakan kontributor terbesar penjualan SGMW di 2016. Mobil MPV ini mencatat penjualan sebanyak 650.018 unit di 2016. Wuling, (2017) Melihat kondisi ini membuat Wuling berani untuk mengambil resiko dan terjun dalam otomotif di Indonesia yang terkenal sangat mendiskriminasi terhadap produk diluar produsen Jepang dan Eropa. Wuling pun mencoba mengambil hati masyarakat Indonesia dengan memberika kepastian purna jual yang belum dapat diberikan oleh merek-merek China terdahulu. Purna jual diberikan oleh Wuling di Indonesia ini juga berpengaruh terhadap wholesales yang ada karena Wuling
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