Communication - Exchange of information (Audio, video, data)

Communication can be defined as exchange of information or in some cases it is just

receiving or just sending of information. Man has had a need to communicate with his fellow

being ever since the beginning of time. He used to

communicate over a long distance through smoke or

fire and later on his ideas evolved, paving the way to

the discovery of various modes and medium of

communication. During the days of the kingdoms and

the empires, Kings used to send out their messengers

or send letters later, after the intervention of

technology, telegraph and telephone was brought in.

That was a very huge leap and the foundation for the

very excess thing communication systems of today. These are some of the most prevalent

communication systems of today.

 Copper Communication- Copper being very good conductor of electricity, is being used in

digital and electronic communication link. With proper modulation and demodulation

techniques, the communication of electronic pulses is affected.

 Co-axial Communication-Coaxial cable is one huge

implementation of this technology.

 Satellite Communication –Satellite communication system is

the lifeblood of almost every communication system on planet

earth. Technologies like FDMA and TDMA make satellite

communication possible. They are used in controlling a traffic, television transmission, difference systems, weather monitoring systems, global positioning

system, mobile communication links etc.

 Wireless Communication- It is a very advanced

area and it is still developing with newer

technology like 3G, 4G and even 5G. Wireless

links forms the foundation for mobile

communication systems. There is lot of existing

technology in this like Wi-Fi,Wi Max, ZigBee,

3G, 4G, and TDMA etc.

 Optical Communication – As the name suggests, this technology works on the transmission and

reception of light signals. Fiber optic cables acts as the media and though it is expensive to install

and operate it, it is a highly efficient and fast system compared to the others.

RECENT TECHNOLOGIES IN COMMUNICATION – High speed communication – INTERNET AND INTRANET – Videoconferences & Videophone – TV Programmes – Optical fiber computers – Optical switches (10-15s) (Electronic switches 10-9s ) – Telemedicine & Teleconference – Remote sensing – Holoprinters - Producing instant holograms – Holographic medical Imaging – Nano materials, Meta materials, Laser Cooling and BEC – Distance Education.

SPECTRAL BAND DESIGNATIONS USED IN OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION

– Frequency bands are categorized in to the following:

Name Designation Spectrum Origin of Name Original band O-band 1260 to 1360 Original(first) region used for single-mode fiber links Extended band E-band 1360to1460 Link use can extend into this region for fibers with low water content Short band S-band 1460 to 1530 Wavelengths are shorter than the C-band but higher than the E-band. Conventional C-band 1530 to 1565 Wavelength region used by a conventional band EDFA Long band L-band 1565 to 1625 Gain decreases steadily to 1 at 1625nm in this longer wavelength band Ulta-long band U-band 1625 to 1675 Region beyond the response capability of an EDFA. The internet has been here since the 1980’s, and today it has grown become the largest medium of communication. The amount of information a person can access through the internet has no boundaries. Information in the form of videos and graphics, journal, newsletters, tutorials, webinars and other forms of multimedia conveys useful information and updates and idea to the entire Globe. The rights of social networking sites and blocks have made it easier for people to communicate with one another on a large scale. Along with the internet the expansion of cellular communication system in the form of mobile phones, TABS and smart phones, have made all to simple for person to stay connected and alive on the highway to the entire networks.

The basic desire and necessity of mankind is to express their thoughts and actions. He is on a constant perseverance to a build his own ways to go about it. This has been the reason behind the constant evolution of ideas and discoveries to make it simpler, comfortable, accessible and faster. So this self inventing tendency is never going to end. And man has the ability to rediscover himself for himself and the future.