sign in sign up
<<
Home , Optical communication

ISSN 2319-8885 Vol.03,Issue.03, March-2014, Pages:0491-0494 www.semargroup.org, www.ijsetr.com

Design and Analysis Optical Based on “Li-Fi” 1 2 SAIF SAAD HAMEED , ARUN KUMAR SHUKLA 1 Research Scholar, Dept of CSE, SHIATS-Allahabad, India, E-mail: [email protected]. 2 Assistant Professor, Dept of CSE, SHIATS-Allahabad, India.

Abstract: The Optical Wireless (OWC) systems are attractive to provide broadband services due to their inherent wide , easy deployment and no license requirement. The idea to employ the atmosphere as transmission media arises from the of the laser Li-Fi or optical Wi-Fi would be the best optimum solution over Wi-Fi technology, Li-Fi technology was first described and finally compare the performance of both Li-Fi and Wi-Fi technologies in wireless communication. We are implementing OWC by using Li-Fi and Wi-Fi and compare between two communications.

Keywords: OWC (Optical Wireless Communications) LED ( emitted ), Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity), VLC (Visible Light Communication), Li-Fi (Light Fidelity).

I. INTRODUCTION The market for wireless communication has grown deployed in complementary way was presented in [4]. Also rapidly since the introduction of 802.11b [1] wireless local the concept of wireless city is present in [5]. What if, all area networking (WLAN) standards, which offer in your rooms will communicate each other and performance nearly comparable to that of . WLAN creates a bridge of wireless networks to provide or Wi-Fi was created specially to operate as a wireless access? , Li-Fi Technology would be the best optimum Ethernet. It is an open-standard technology that enables solution over Wi-Fi technology. it can also be used to wireless connectivity between equipment and local area extend wireless networks at your home, office or university networks. Public access WLAN services are designed to for data transfer at 10 Gbps, “on the move" data transfer rate deliver LAN services over short distances, typically 50 to at 100 Mbps, home wireless data network with local cloud 150 meters. In these cases, WLANs are to a local database, & server. In literature survey, how the internet will connect and give the end user access through a kiosk or portable to the laptop using Li-F i[7, 8, and 9]. device. through public Wi-Fi is a new and very hot trend, providing many benefits and conveniences The virtue of operating at such high frequencies in over types of mobile internet access. First, performance is hundreds of terahertz, in a well beyond the sticky tentacles 50 to 200 times faster than dial-up internet connections or of the wireless spectrum crunch and regulatory licensing. cellular data access. Second, users do not have to worry But, Li-Fi can be used in areas where there’s extensive RF about cords, wires or sharing an access point, such as a noise is generally prohibited (hospitals, airplanes). this is a phone jack. A global directory that would provide users digital system that translates the classic binary language of with a search engine to locate the closest access point. Even zeros and ones in light pulses off or on, respectively, without the directory, WLAN devices make it very easy to through tiny light bulbs led able and off millions of times connect. per second, the pioneers of data transmission through say enlightenment through blinking of LEDs can create wireless Most WLAN-enabled devices have a software utility that Internet access with data transmission speeds of close to 500 indicates a user`s proximity to a WLAN access point. megabits per second (Mbps). These benefits come at a Service providers place an , or access point, at a fivefold transits currently offering fiber optic lines, to designated . The antenna transmits a wireless benefit from this technology requires a luminous router to the adapter card in a user`s computer or device. Users (which can adhere cheaply and easily into any conventional connect to the WLAN through a page in their internet electric bulb) which is capable of emitting the binary signal. browser. The growing number of conventional WLAN Moreover, the pulses are captured by few light receptors are users, increasingly combine to strain existing Wi-Fi required, and are installed on all types of connected devices networks [2] [3] and it can be connected through the bridges , from computers to tablets , to phones, or and routers. A flexible architecture for hybrid wireless mesh appliances, Matter experts make clear that light pulses are network where both Wi-Fi and Wi-MAX technologies are imperceptible to the human eye , without causing damage or

Copyright @ 2014 SEMAR GROUPS TECHNICAL SOCIETY. All rights reserved. SAIF SAAD HAMEED, ARUN KUMAR SHUKLA discomfort of any kind. In addition, any lamp, lamp or major breakthrough technology for the mobile Internet flashlight can become a hotspot. community and for the connected objects domain. After more than 4 years of scientific research at the University of II. SYSTEM DESIGN MODEL Versailles, OLEDCOMM is the first European company A. Optical wireless communications that starts to commercialize Li-Fi communication solutions At the beginning of the last century, the OWC systems a worldwide level. have attracted some interest due to the advantages mentioned above. However, the interaction of the C. Li-Fi Communication electromagnetic waves with the atmosphere at optical Li-Fi communication is modeled after communication frequencies is stronger than that corresponding at protocols established by the IEEE 802 workgroup. This . The intensity of a laser beam propagating standard defines the physical layer (PHY) and media access through the atmosphere is reduced due to phenomena such control (MAC) layer. The standard is able to deliver enough as scattering and molecular absorption, among other. The data rates to transmit audio, video and multimedia services. changes in the refractive index of the atmosphere due to It takes count of the optical transmission mobility, its optical turbulence affect the quality of laser beam through compatibility with artificial lighting present in distortion of its phase front and random of its infrastructures, the defiance which may be caused by optical power. Also the presence of fog may completely interference generated by the ambient lighting. The MAC prevent the passage of the optical beam that leads to a no layer allows using the link with the other layers like the operational communications link. The figure 1 shows the TCP/IP protocol. The standard defines three PHY layers block diagram of an OWC (also with different rates. The modulation formats preconized for called Free Space optic communications system or FSO). PHY I and PHY II are the coding on-off keying (OOK) and The information signal (analogy or digital) is applied to the variable pulse position modulation (VPPM). The optical to be sent through the atmosphere using Manchester coding used for the PHY I and PHY II layers an optical antenna. At the receiver end the optical beam is include the clock inside the transmitted data by representing concentrated, using an optical antenna, to the photo-detector a logic 0 with a OOK symbol "01" and a logic 1 with a sensitive area, which output is electrically processed in OOK symbol "10", all with a continue component. This is order to receive the information signal. an important point because they continue component allows avoiding the light extinction in case of an extended line of logic 0. The new high-speed optical wireless usage models both indoors and outdoors. The Li-Fi provides resources for OEM and ODM developers to create exciting new products. With the emergence of high-speed cable connections like and USB 3.0, the stage is set for a wireless equivalent. While Wi-Fi is very popular for pervasive 100+ Mbps service, multi- Gigabit short-range optical wireless interconnects provide an alternative to the proposed Wi-Gig Gigabit RF solution.

D. Wi-Fi technology Today there are a lot of standards used for wireless networking; the attention of this section is to give a brief overview of the 802.11 standards defined by IEEE, but with focusing on the most popular standard which is IEEE 802.11b. The IEEE 802.11 specifications are wireless standards that specify an “over-the-air” interface between a wireless client and a or access point, as well as Figure 1. Model of a typical atmospheric optical among wireless client. IEEE 802.11 standard primarily communications link. addresses two separate layers of the ISO networking model:  Physical network layer B. Li-Fi Technology  The media access control layer Li-Fi is a new way to establish wireless communication links using the Led lighting networks. The Li-Fi protocols These IEEE 802.11 standards are specifying 9 standards: are defined by the international standard IEEE 802.15 IEEE 802.11a (Also called Wi-Fi5), IEEE 802.11b (also established since 2011 by the IEEE comity. This is the same called Wi-Fi), IEEE802.11c, IEEE 802.11d, IEEE 802.11e, comity that has defined previously the Ethernet 802.3 and IEEE 802.11f, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11h and IEEE Wi-Fi 802.11 standards. For numerous specialists, Li-Fi is a 802.11i (security).

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research Volume.03, IssueNo.03, March-2014, Pages: 0491-0494 Design and Analysis Optical Wireless Communication Based on “Li-Fi”

E. How Li-Fi Works Li-Fi is restricted by line of sight, so it won’t ever replace Li-Fi using visible light instead of gigahertzradio waves. Wi-Fi, but it could augment it nicely. Instead of trying to How Li-Fi works is very simple You have a light on one find the perfect sweet spot for your home’s Wi-Fi router, it end (an LED in this case), and a photo detector (light would be much simpler if every light in your house simply sensor) on the other. If the LED is on, the photo detector acted as a bridge. It’s shown in the figure registers a binary one; otherwise it’s a binary zero. Flash the 3. LED enough times and you buildup a . Use an array of LEDs, and perhaps a few different colors, and very soon you are dealing with data rates in the range of hundreds or megabits per second, This is accomplished by the flickering of LED light bulbs to create binary code (on = 1, off = 0), and is done at higher rates than the human eye can detect. The more LED sin your lamp, the more data it can process. In figure 2 shows how the Li-Fi cloud will get communicated with others devices.

The only infrastructure is an equipped light bulb. Your internet provider doesn't even need to bring you a box, they just connect you to their power-grid-mounted signal relays, and you're online. At the moment, commercial LEDs don’t get much smaller than 1mm2. The Scottishre searchers, however, are developing LEDs that are just 1μm2 one micron, its one thousand times smaller. Not only can you cram more of these micron-sized LEDs into the same space as a larger LED, but apparently they can also flicker on and off 1,000 times faster. A grid of 1,000 micro-LEDs, flashing 1,000 times faster, would be able to transmit data a million times faster than a normal LED. Furthermore, these micro- Figure: 3.wireless network bridge of Li-Fi. LEDs are ultimately just pixels and atone micron, these LEDs would be a lot smaller than those in your III. SIMULATION RESULTS ’s Retina display. You could have a huge array of these LEDs that double up as a room’s light source and a display and provides networking capability on the side. Perhaps a next-next-gen console would communicate with your gamepad, Smartphone, and other peripherals via a LiFi-equipped TV.

Figure: 4. Luminous intensity li-fi led lights.

Figure: 2. The model of li-fi led lights. The Li-Fi is used for many emissions sources with a particular modulation method called on-off keying (OOK). How about a highway lighting that illuminates the road, Li-Fi can deliver rates from 12 Mb/s to 96 Mb/s. Li-Fi is provides up-to-date traffic info/warnings, and provides restricted by line of sight, so it won’t ever replace Wi-Fi, but internet access to your car, plus all of the devices on-board? it could augment it nicely. Instead of trying to find the Figure 2 is the model of li-fi led lights, on a more general perfect sweet spot for your home’s Wi-Fi router, it would be level; Li-Fi might be used to extend wireless networks much simpler if every light in your house simply acted as a throughout the home, workplace, and in commercial areas. wireless network bridge results as shown in figures 4-6. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research Volume.03, IssueNo.03, March-2014, Pages: 0491-0494 SAIF SAAD HAMEED, ARUN KUMAR SHUKLA

that means it has ultrahigh security, We can say the Li –Fi is future technologies 5G for using Wireless technologies. The key ideas on visible light communication (VLC) have been reviewed in relationship with optical wireless communication and communication. The channel characteristics for VLC system were mentioned comparing it with infrared communication and the VLC transmitter and receiver are described including the basic characteristics of LED or Bulb.

V. REFERENCES [1] IEEE802.11; Amendment 6: Medium Access Control (Mac) Security Enhancements April2004.

[2] Introduction to Wi-Fi Technology, Retrieved On September 2006.

[3] Broadcom, 802.11n: Next generation Wireless Lan Figure: 5. Received power (dB) of Li-Fi. Technology, White Paper April 2006.

[4] S.AbedEllah: A.Miloud,”Security AndAaa Architecture For Wi-Fi Wimax Mesh.

[5] C. Yu-Tso, “Achieve User Authentication And Seamless Connectivity On Wi-Fi And Wimax Networked Wireless City”, In Con!Rec 2007 Ieee And Ifi? Wireless Optical Communication Networks, Singapore.

[6] Ming-ChiehWu: A Comparison of Wi-Fi and WiMAX with Case Studies.

[7]Http://Www.Youtube.Com/Watch?V=Gjqsgskbagq.

[8] Http://Lificenter.Net/Solutions/Lifi-Solutions.

[9] Http://Lighting.Com/Led-Lights-Lifi/.

Figure: 6. Received power comparisons of Li-Fi and Wi- Fi. IV. CONCLUSION The wireless optical communication systems have been discussed ultrahigh capacity with Li – Fi coverage services area more than Wi–Fi techniques. The Li – Fi supports coverage service area indoor (LED or LD) or outdoor (Bulb) by used light media it has ultrahigh bandwidth 5GHz while the Wi – Fi wireless coverage service area, it has bandwidth 700MHz. There is a multi-optical channel to provide ultrafast processing data rate with optical wireless communication or visible light communication (Li - Fi). This system is used light media and used very low optical energy sources as LED or LD to save consumption power energy to perform increasing long lifetime for batteries or electric energy power this application needs clean and green energy. We also used OOK formats and PPM formats modulation and coding because the Li – Fi system is used digital techniques working sufficient with coding formats

International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research Volume.03, IssueNo.03, March-2014, Pages: 0491-0494