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The First Crusade The First Crusade The Chronicle of Fulcher ofChartres and Other Source Materials SECOND EDITION Edited by Edward Peters PENN University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia First edition published 1971 by University of Pennsylvania Press Copyright © 1971 University of Pennsylvania Press Second edition copyright © 1998 University of Pennsylvania Press Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I Published by Preface University of Pennsylvania Press Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-40II Abbreviations Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Introduction The First Crusade: the chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres and other source materials / edited by Edward Peters. - 2nd ed. p. cm. - (Middle Ages series) 1. Pope Urban II at the ( Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8122-1656-3 (paper: aile paper) 1095 I. Crusades-First, I096-lo99-Sources. 1. Peters, Edward, 1936­ II. Series. 1. The Speech of Urban: DI6r.r.F57 1998 2. The Speech of Urban: 940.1'8-dc21 98-12687 3. The Speech of Urban: CIP 4. The Speech of Urban: 5. The Privilege of Urbar 6. The Truce of God Pro 7. The Truce of God Pro 8. Urban's Letter to the] 9. Urban in Anjou, Lent le Rechin 10. Urban's Letter to Hi! II. Urban's Letterto the 12. Urban's Letter to the Rousillon, and Cen II. The Chronicle of Ful Translated, with notes, t III. Peter the Hermit an (March-October, 1096) 1. Peter the Hermit: The 2. Peter the Hermit: Thl e tyranny II. ement to invasions n for the The Chronicle of Fulcher lwill gain of Chartres, Book I ~God. So d that he (1095-1100) 'ans from pression a love of Fukher was born in IOS9 and was present at the Council of Clermont in I09S when I Pope Urban preached the Crusade. Fulcher, a cleric, left Europe with the army of I RDbert of Normandy, Stephen of Blois, and Robert of Flanders, accompanying it probably as far as Eussa, where he joined Baldwin, brother of Godfrey of Bouil­ lon. In 1099, after the capture ofJerusalem, Fulcher visited the city and returned to Bussa, where he remained until Baldwin became King ofJerusalem in 1100. Fulcher: remained Baldwin's chaplain until the king died in 1118, when Fulcher may have bewme Prior of the Mount of Olives. Fulcher's chronicle was probably begun in 1101, and the entire three books wer/not completed until 1127 or 1128. Fulcher's presence throughout most of the expedition, his close Connection with the princes of northern France and later with Bald~n, and his ability to organize a maze of complex ex­ periences and motives, make his chronicle perhaps the most reliable of alJ sources for the histffry ofthe First Crusade. The translation and notes printed here are those of Martha E. McGinty (originally published by the University of Pennsylvania Press in 1941). A valuable translation ofFulcher's entire chronicle is that ofFrances Rita Ryan, S.S], Fulcher of Chartres, A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem, I095-II27, ed. with an introduction by Harold S. Fink (Knoxville, Tenn., 1969). The best individual study ofFulcher is Dana C. Munro, (~ Crusader,)} Speculum 7 (1932), j2I-33S· Deeds of the Franks on Their Pilgrimage to Jerusalem The Prologue ofthe Following Work ofFulcher the Cleric I. It is especially pleasing to the living, and it is even beneficial to the dead., when the deeds of brave men (particularly of those serving as soldiers II: Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres of God) are either read from writings or soberly recounted from memory ever, out of pity, He protec among the faithful. For, after hearing of the deeds of faithful predecessors whose God is the Lord!" 3 I who rejected the beauties and pleasures of the world and clung to God, and s. The history which f in accordance with the precept of the Gospel, left their parents and wives and how all the people of the '" possessions, however great, to follow Him, those here on earth are inspired willingly extended hand an to serve Him more eagerly in that same spirit. It is beneficial to the dead, especially to those dead in the Lord, when the living, upon hearing of their good and devoted works, bless their faithful souls, and out of love bestow I alms with prayers on their behalf whether they were known to them, or not. 2. Therefore, induced by the promptings of certain of my companions 1. on several occasions, I carefully arranged the deeds, most distinguished in the Lord, of the armies of the Franks who, by God's ordination, made a pil­ I. In the year I095 frOl grimage to Jerusalem. I have recorded in my unpolished style, as truthfully as Germany as so-called empe possible, what is worth remembering and what I saw with my own eyes on e~ils were growing in all pa that journey. ruled Pope Urbari II,3 a m; 3. Although I do not dare to compare this labor with that of the Israel­ strove wisely and actively ites or Maccabees l or any other chosen people whom God has blessed with things. many and brilliant victories, yet I have taken care to record it, since it is not 2. He saw that the fai to be judged greatly inferior, because often, in this labor, too, God's miracles by everybody, by the clerg are evident. Indeed, these [Franks] are not unequal to those Israelites or Mac­ altogether discarded by the cabees. In the very lands [of the Israelites and Maccabees]; we ourselves actu­ sant warlike contention ane ally saw, or heard, how the Franks were dismembered, crucified, excoriated, of the land being pillaged shot with arrows, cut to pieces, and consumed by diverse means of r:!1~­ wrongfully taken prisoner dom. Neither could they be overcome by any threats or temptations; nay, either ransomed for a high ra . er, if the assassin's sword had been present, many of our people would ger, thirst, and cold, blotte not have refused to be destroyed out of love for Christ. holy places Violated; mona~ 4. Oh, how many thousands met a martyr's blessed death on this expedi­ spared of any human suffer tion! Is there anyone with heart so stony who hears of these acts of God and held in derision. is not moved by bowels of compassion to burst forth in praises to Him~ Can 3. He heard, too, that I there be anyone who does not marvel how we, a few people in the realms of ruled over the Christians, h so many of our enemies, could not only remain but could even thrive? Who has ever heard of such things? Here Egypt and Ethiopia; here Arabia and 3· Psalms 33: 12. Chaldea and Syria, here Assyria and Medea, here Parthia and Mesopotamia, I. Henry IV (I056-no6). Fl here Persia and Scythia,2 here, even the great sea shut us off from Christianity; recognized as rightful emperor by and just as God permitted it, enclosed us in the hands of the butchers. How- 2. Philip I (1OOO-noS). On< nicate Philip for his relationship v Philip could not participate in the I. A family of Jewish patriors, the five sons of Mattathias the Hasmonean, who headed a 3· Urban II, Otho of Lagny religious revolt in the reign of Antiochus IV, 175-164 B.C., which led to a period of freedom for papacy was contested by Wibert, 1 Judea. The most importam of the five sons was Judas Maccabeus. and whose adherents disputed the 2. Historical and biblical names; not accurate for this medieval period. 4. This refers [Q the Seljuk c< Chronicle, Book I 49 ory ever, out of pity, He protected us in His strong arm. "For blessed is the nation ors whose God is the Lord!"3 and s. The history which follows will reveal how this work was begun, and and how all the people of the West, aroused to perform such a great journey, very ired willingly extended hand and mind to it. cad, End of the Prologue 1. The Council ofClermont I. In the year 1095 from the Lord's Incarnation, with Henry reigning in Germany as so-called emperor,! and with Philip as king in France,l manifold evils we~e growing in all parts of Europe because of wavering faith. In Rome ruled Pope Urban II,3 a man distinguished in life and character, who always strove \visely and actively to raise the status of the Holy Church above all things. s not 2. He saw that the faith of Christianity was being destroyed to excess I racles by everybody, by the clergy as well as by the laity. He saw that peace was Mac­ altogether discarded by the princes of the world, who were engaged in inces­ actu­ sant warlike contention and quarreling among themselves. He saw the wealth 'ated, of the land being pillaged continuously. He saw many of the vanquished, . arty­ wrongfully taken prisoner and very cruelly thrown into foulest dungeons, ; nay, either ransomed for a high price or, tortured by the triple torments of hun­ would ger, thirst, and cold, bloned out by a death hidden from the world. He saw holy places Violated; monasteries and villas burned. He saw that no one was :xpedi­ spared of any human suffering, and that things divine and human alike were odand held in derision. n1 Can 3. He heard, too, that the interior regions of Romania, where the Turks ilins of ruled over the Christians, had been perniciously subjected in a savage anack.4 :?Who ia and 3.
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