Vol. 9 Number 4 ohi1 0 Archaeologist
OCTOBER 1959
THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF OHIO
(Formerly Ohio Indian Relic Collectors Society) The Archacolological Society of Ohio
Editorial Offices Business Offices 270 Orchard Lane, Columbus 14, Ohio 65 N. Foster Street, Norwalk, Ohio Tel. AMherst 2-9334 Tel. Norwalk 2-7285
Officers
President - Ernest G. Good, 15 Civic Drive, Grove City, Ohio Vice-President - MacDonald Schumm, 146 W. Union St. , Circleville, Ohio Secretary-Treasurer - Arthur George Smith, 65 North Foster St. , Norwalk, Ohio
Trustees
Merton R. Mertz, 422 Third St. , Findlay, Ohio (Term expires May, I960) Robert W. Weick, 741 Greene St., Toledo 9, Ohio (Term expires May, I960) Gerald Brickman, 409 Locust St. , Findlay, Ohio (Term expires May, 1961) Harley W. Glenn, 2011 W. Devon Rd., Columbus 12, Ohio (Term expires May, 1961) Emmett W. Barnhart, Northridge Rd. , Circleville, Ohio (Term expires May, 1962) John W. Schatz, 80 South Franklin, Hilliards, Ohio (Term expires May, 1962)
Editorial Staff
Editor - Ed W. Atkinson, 270 Orchard Lane, Columbus 14, Ohio* Technical Editor - Raymond S. Baby, Ohio State Museum, N. High & 15th, Cols. 10, O. Associate Editors - Thyra Bevier Hicks, Ohio State University, Columbus 10, Ohio Assistant Editors - John C. Allman, 1336 Cory Drive, Dayton 6, Ohio > - Ralph J. Servey, 1726 Baird Avenue, Portsmouth, Ohio - Arthur George Smith, 65 North Foster St. , Norwalk, Ohio - Harley W. Glenn, 2001 W. Devon Rd., Columbus 12, Ohio - Harry H. Ball, 449 Spaulding Ave. , Newcomerstown, Ohio *address after Nov. 1, 420 Chatham Road, Columbus 14.
Program Committee
Chairman - Dr. Stanley G. Copeland, 1054 Lilley Ave., Columbus 6, Ohio Advisory - Raymond S. Baby, Ohio State Museum, N. High 8t 15th, Cols. 10, O. Members - Gerald Brickman, 409 Locust St. , Findlay, Ohio - Norman L. Dunn, 1025 S. West St., Findlay, Ohio - Bennett E. Kelley, 138 S. Fayette St., Washington C. H. , Ohio - Donald McBeth, R. R. #1, Kingston, Ohio - Merton R. Mertz, 422 Third St. , Findlay, Ohio - Thomas A. Minardi, 411 Cline St., Mansfield, Ohio - Arthur George Smith, 65 North Foster St. , Norwalk, Ohio
Membership Committee
National Dr. Stanley G. Copeland, 1054 Lilley Ave. Columbus 6, Ohio Lynn Munger, R. R. #3, Angola, Indiana Ohio Northwestern Arthur George Smith, 65 North Foster St. , Norwalk, Ohio North Central Merton R. Mertz, 422 Third St. , Findlay, Ohio Northeastern Thomas A. Minardi, 411 Cline St., Mansfield, Ohio South Central J. H. Barker, R R. #3, Lebanon, Ohio Southern Ralph Servey, 1726 Baird Ave. , Portsmouth, Ohio Table of Contents
The President's Page 112 Guffey-Type Fake Bird, photo courtesy Donald E. Kohl 113 The William H. Davis Mound, by Ed W. Atkinson 114-116 The Zimmerman and Williams Sites, by Norman L. Dunn (in collaboration with Edward Galitza) 117-121 Glacial Kame Fund 121 Adena Points, photo courtesy Dr. Stanley G. Copeland 122 Adena Points, by Robert E. Bell 123 More Notes on the Transitional Period in the Shenango Valley, by Charles O. Fobes, Jr 124-127 Snyders Points, photo courtesy Dr. Stanley G. Copeland 128 Snyders Points, by Robert E. Bell 129 Cave Finds from Kentucky, by Ernest G. Good 130 Devola Workshop Site, by Richard P. Patterson 131 -1 34 That Basic Tool--the Hammerstone, by Thomas A. Minardi . 135-136 Birdstone Find in Fayette County 1 37 More on Obsidian in Ohio, by Robert E. Bell 137 Scioto Gravel Burials, by Richard McClish 1 38-1 39 A Peculiar Knife Type, by Arthur George Smith 140 Last of the Ohio Elm Tree Markers ? by Claude Britt, Jr 141 Book Reviews, by Arthur George Smith, Editor 142-143 Membership List Now Ready 144 Errata 144 Necrology , 144 Notes and Personals 145 Chapter Notes 146 New Members 146 The Trading Post third cover
Object of the Society *****
The Archaeological Society of Ohio is organized to discover and conserve archaeological sites and material within the State of Ohio; to seek and promote a better understanding among stu dents and collectors of archaeological material, professional and non-professional, including individuals, museums and institutions of learning; and to disseminate knowledge on the subject of archaeology. Membership is open to all persons of suitable character and interest. The annual dues are payable either the first of January or the first of July each year. Adult dues are $3. 50 and juniors up to 18 are $1. 75 per year. Funds obtained are used for publishing the "OHIO ARCHAEOLOGIST" (all articles and pictures are furnished by the members) and for office supplies and postage. The Society is an incorporated non-profit organization, and has no paid officers or employees. *****
The Ohio Archaeologist is published quarterly in January, April, July, October. Price per issue $1. 00. Subscription included in the Society's annual membership dues.
Address all articles, personal news, queries and comments. Trading Post copy and payment, etc. , to the Editor.
Address all communications concerning application for membership, change of address, pur chase of back numbers, and other business matters to the Secretary-Treasurer.
- Ill - The President's Page
by Ernest G. Good
As with every year, 1959 can be called a year of change. Archaeol- ogically speaking, changes in the landscape that involve the disturbance of the earth are the significant ones.
Here in Ohio, as in every state, these activities are everywhere. For example, the North-South superhighway is cutting across the state from Conneaut to Cincinnati, slicing through some of Ohio's richest prehistoric Indian sites. Right here in Franklin County, I know of 5 such sites disturbed or completely destroyed by construction of this highway and connecting roads.
Commercial buildings and residential developments are taking over farmland at an alarming rate. Within the past 12 months at least two important sites have been destroyed here in Franklin County.
In many areas, as we saw in western Kentucky just a few weeks ago, the damming up of rivers is flooding thousands of acres of archaeologi- cally rich land.
It is the obligation of every ASO member, I think, to be alert to such changes as these in his own area. And to act quickly, when each pro ject is first announced, to salvage whatever archaeological sites are threatened. Get your fellow ASO members to help you conduct the best possible salvage operation before construction or flooding becomes an immediate threat. The earlier you start, the more scientific and painstaking your "dig" can be planned and carried out.
Lost sites, unexplored, can have another effect on our interests as archaeologists and collectors. Every unexplored site can mean the loss of fine artifacts, thus causing the supply available to collectors to diminish each year. This is the situation already, and it encourages the maker of fakes to take advantage of the scarcity.
Remember--a man who wants to trade or sell a genuine artifact is never afraid to have other competent collectors examine it and judge its genuineness. Only the faker after the "fast buck" will hesitate. Examine carefully any piece you are thinking of acquiring — seek out other opinion if you and the owner have any doubts.
While on our vacation in September, my wife Dorothy and I--along with Ed Atkinson--spent a most enjoyable afternoon and evening with Dr. and Mrs. T. Hugh Young at their home in Nashville, Tennessee. We never tire of studying their wonderful collection and visiting with these two fine people. They always welcome a visit from any of our members.
Found a number of interesting artifacts on our "dig" this year. Come and see them whenever you can--you're always welcome.
- 112 - CM r— •••• iff Guffey-type fake bird in the collection of Donald E. Kohl, Newcom- erstown, Ohio. Brown banded slate (Kentucky? ). Wrong material, tail too square and too thick, Guffey-type rib on tail. And just too perfect all over! - 113 - The William H. David Mound By Ed W. Atkinson, 270 Orchard Lane, Columbus 14, Ohio The discovery of Archaic burials beneath an early Adena burial mound has established for the first time that the one culture directly followed the other. This is the one most significant observation recently announced by Raymond S. Baby, Curator of the Ohio Historical Society's Archaeo logical Department, following many weeks' excavation of the William H. Davis Mound just north of East Main Street and a few hundred yards east of Noe-Bixby Road, Columbus. The excavation was scheduled as a salvage operation, since the mound had been greatly reduced by bulldozing from a height of 1 8 feet to 4-1/2 feet in advance of a commercial and housing development. Working to the base of the Adena mound, Ray Baby and his as sistants Asa Mays, Jr. and Robert M. Goslin directed a team of Ohio State students in removing 27 Adena burials. Fig. 1 shows a general view of the work, and gives some idea of the extent of the 80-foot di ameter mound. The investigation of two Adena sub-floor burial pits led to the dis covery of numerous Archaic burials made in circular pits measuring about 2-1/2 feet by 3 feet. Figs. 2 and 3 record some of the burials, and Fig. 4 shows one of the artifact associations. Location of the Adena mound burials directly above the Archaic bur ials was probably accidental, Baby believes. But this association is of great significance in providing the first evidence of the time relation ship between the two prehistoric cultures. Ohio Archaeologist plans a much more complete report in a later issue of both the Adena and the Archaic finds and their interpretation. Fig. 1 (Baby)--General view of the floor of the Adena mound. - 114 - Fig. 2 (Baby)--Ray Baby and student Martha Potter record data on an Archaic burial. 115 Fig. 3 (Baby)--Two flexed Archaic burials. Fig. 4 (Baby)-- Three plummet-like stones found in burial association. 116 The Zimmerman & Williams Sites by Norman L. Dunn, 1205 S. West Street, Findlay, Ohio (in collaboration with Edward Galitza) Strangely enough, the story of how Ed Galitza and I became ac quainted with the Williams site (1) really begins in the middle thirties, when I first visited the Zimmerman (2) gravel pit, near Roundhead, with Forest E. Holmes, now of Lima. Holmes was living in Findlay at the time and had built up a very extensive collection of tools, fire arms, prehistoric relics and other antiquities of our own Hancock County over a period of some twenty years. In those days, the dis tinctive types of artifacts which we now identify with the Glacial Kame burial complex were merely less common forms of "Indian relics. " From the large number of burials uncovered up to that time, the Zimmermans had selected and stored in separate bushel baskets in a corn-crib about thirty well-preserved skeletons, oach apparently com plete and intact. A son about sixteen years old, Louis by name, showed Holmes and me a shoe-box containing several artifacts, in cluding two sandal-sole shell gorgets he valued at $25 each, and told us that most of the material recovered had been acquired by Dr. Charlei J. Bondley of Belle Center, with whom Holmes was casually acquainted. One of the sandal-soles was broken diagonally across the "toe" end and both pieces bore small, opposed perforations along the break, indica ting repair by lacing the fragment into its original position. About two years after this visit to the gravel pit, Holmes sold his collection and moved to Lima. Although Doctor Bondley and his fine collection were well-known to many of the collecting fraternity in the area, neither Ed nor I had ever seen the collection nor even met the Doctor until he and his brother Earnest, of Marion, attended our Findlay Hobby Show in the spring of 1953. On describing the broken gorget in a conversation with the brothers during this visit, Earnest told us he had acquired it shortly after I saw it, some eighteen years earlier! In the spring of 1955, Galitza and I became seriously interested in the Glacial Kame complex through our investigation of the Reber Kame site (3) in Wyandot County. So late in August of the same year I visit ed Doctor Bondley to see his famous collection at last. Unfortunately, I was two or three weeks too late for the famous collection had just been sold to Irvin Dougherty (4) of Paoli, Indiana, and I missed seeing it. My disappointment was considerably alle viated, though, when the good Doctor told me about the Williams Kame and offered to take me there at once. Of course I accepted, and we lost no time in getting there. Ever since that first visit, Mr. Clifford "Ike" Williams and his entire family have gone out of their way to make us welcome on every occasion. Needless to say, we feel deeply in debted to the Doctor, too, for the privileges we have enjoyed there. - 117 - *I I . m * £. v. r\# x** «•/-, '* , 1 Fig. 1 (Dunn)--General view of the Williams Site looking southwest, showing the small area in which most of the burials were found. Fig. 2 (Dunn)--Exposing the skeleton with which the artifacts in Fig. 3 were associated. The humped gorget (below the whisk broom) is al- most fully exposed. "Ike" Williams at the left, Ed Galitza at right. 118 - On the following Saturday I returned to the site (Fig. 1) with Mer ton Mertz and his son Wayne, and again on the following day with Ed Galitza. I had told Mr. Williams we would like to take some snap shots of several burials which had already been exposed and lightly protected from the weather. Before Ed and I arrived on Sunday, how ever, he had located and partly uncovered another and deeper burial, mainly for our benefit. So we had the rare pleasure of observing in situ, photographing (Figs. 2, 3) and recovering an interesting as semblage of artifacts associated with a comparatively young female (?) lying partially flexed on the left side, with the head to the south. The skull, with the jaws widely parted, was found to be resting on the hands, which were fully extended palm to palm as if in repose. Between the forearms was an oval, two-hole humped gorget resting on edge, with the long axis parallel with the forearm bones and the hump facing away from the body. This piece was covered with a net-like crust of lime, but it appeared to have been made from the same bluish banded slate as the long birdstone and another humped gorget recovered earlier from other burials. A number of other interesting pieces were placed immediately be hind the skull (Fig. 3): seven very thin, tubular beads approximately 3/4" long, evidently of bird leg-bones; two mussel-shell valves con taining red ocher, with a long splinter of bone extending into one shell; a bone awl of deer ulna; two small shell pendants with edge perfora tions only. Piled about eight inches behind the right shoulder, on a firmly compacted layer of sand some six inches deep, were a nicely- worked chert point (minus the base) and several odd spalls of chert and flint, together with a small but compact mass (apparently of red iron oxide) suggesting implements for making fire. Heavily concentrated layers of red ocher were found both above and below the level on which the artifacts were placed and over the skeleton itself. Although I do not recall it clearly myself, Galitza declares that another chert point was found just under the occipital bone when we lifted out the skull, in approximate alignment with the long axis of the humped gorget. Sorry to say, neither of us thought of taking a picture at the time. In the early summer of 1956, during the ASO meeting at Ray Viet- zen's in Elyria, Ed and I talked with Irvin Dougherty about his Bondley purchase and the Zimmerman Kame material. Irvin had moved to a place near Fremont, Indiana, in the meantime, and we decided then and there to visit him later in the summer and see the Zimmerman ma terial at last. A couple of months later Irvin wrote us that he had sold all of his Gravel Kame material to Earl Towns end of Indianapolis, but he ex tended us an invitation to visit him anyway and we were glad to accept without any reservations. However, the fact remains that, for the second time, we barely missed seeing the Zimmerman artifacts, and haven't seen them to this day. Since they are now in the possession of the Ohio State Museum in Columbus, we expect to see them soon. - 119 - Fig. 3 (Dunn)--Artifacts in situ associated with Glacial Kame burial at the Williams Site, show ing all but two of the ar tifacts recovered. Fig. 4 (Dunn)--Norm Dunn points with the whisk broom to 2 antler flaking tools in situ, as sociated with a Williams Site burial. 120 - Neither Ed Galitza nor I have any record of the date we discovered the burial with which the antler flakers (Fig. 4) were found, but we believe it was in the summer of 1956. They were turned over to Mr. Williams at the time, and I acquired them from him in September of 1958. Last May they were turned over to Dr. Stanley Copeland to be placed where they belong--with the remainder of the Williams collec tion in our State Museum. (1) Baby, Raymond S. : "The Clifford M. Williams Site. " Ohio Archae ologist, Vol. 9, No. 3, July, 1959. (2) Galitza, Edward: "Glacial Kame Artifacts" and "A Report of the Zimmerman Kame Site--Thirty Years Later. " Ohio Archaeologist, Vol. 7, No. 4, October, 1957. (3) Galitza, Edward, and Dunn, Norman L. : "Glacial Kame Evidence in Wyandot County. " Ohio Archaeologist, Vol. 6, No. 1, January, 1956. (4) Dougherty, Irvin S. : "Gravel Kame Artifacts. " Ohio Archaeologist, Vol. 6, No. 3, July 1956. Ibid, "Gravel Kame Tubes. " Ohio Archae ologist, Vol. 7, No. 3, July, 1957. On Ernie Good's "dig" last month--our President can move the dirt and fry potatoes with equal ability, as your Editor's aching back and well-satisfied appetite can testify! Glacial Kame Fund More contributions are needed if our society's members are to give substantial evidence that they believe in one of the society's ob jectives .... "to conserve archaeological material within the State of Ohio. " You'll recall in the July issue of Ohio Archaeologist (pages 77-81) the article and pictures setting forth the significance of the Glacial Kame material from the Williams Site and the Zimmerman Site. Acquisition of these outstanding collections has been hampered by lack of funds. But with the contributions of each ASO member to help underwrite this purchase, the Ohio Historical Society can make this significant addition to its Ohio prehistory collection. Won't you please send in your generous contribution now to our Treasurer Arthur George Smith, 65 North Foster Street, Norwalk, Ohio. Please be sure to identify it as being for the "Glacial Kame Fund." - 121 - \ Adena Points (Copeland)--see caption on the facing page. Photo courtesy H. C. Wachtel. 122 Adena Points (1) "The Adena point is a large dart point which has been recognized for a long time as a characteristic type found associated with the Adena culture of the Ohio Valley. "Description The Adena point is rather large in size with most examples ranging between 3 and 5 inches in length. The stem is broad, typically rounded and approximately semi-oval in outline. The shoulders are prominent but not barbed, and the blade edges form a gentle convex curve extending toward the tip. The Adena points are usually fairly thin, in spite of their width, and exhibit good workman ship in the chipping. In some cases the rounded stem has been ground or smoothed to dull the edges. "Distribution The Adena type is found chiefly in the upper Ohio River valley, especially the states of Ohio, Kentucky, Indiana, West Virginia and Pennsylvania. They also occur in surrounding areas, and Kneberg (1956) reports the type as represented throughout Tenne ssee. Specific examples from Oklahoma have not been reported. "Age and Cultural Affiliation There are a number of radiocarbon dates for Adena sites in Ohio and Kentucky (Webb and Baby, 1957). These assays suggest an age ranging from about 800 B. C. up to 800 A. D. for the Adena point. "The type is associated with the Adena culture, an Early Woodland manifestation in eastern United States. Kneberg (1956) indicates that the type is associated with the late Archaic cultures of Tennessee. " (1) Quoted from Bell, Robert E. : "Guide to the Identification of Cer tain American Indian Projectile Points. " Special Bulletin No. 1, Okla homa Anthropological Society, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla , 1958. Identification of_ Adena points in the collection of Dr. Stanley G. Copeland in the photograph on the facing page- A--found in Franklin County. Ohio. Translucent Flint Ridge chalcedony. Dr. Copeland suggests that this point, showing an expanding and somewhat barbed stem, might represent a late Adena type or early Hopewell It might be classified as a typical. B--no data. Dark honey-colored translucent chalcedony. This point is extremely thin and exhibits superb workmanship. C--found in Fairfield County, Ohio. Light yellow translucent Flint Ridge chalcedony. ,* ,I?:'fOU"d in FranWin County. Ohio. A rather opaque gray Flint Ridge chalcedony. Length 1 2-7/ 10 centimeter! (5-3/8 inches). E--found in Licking County, Ohio. Gray, slightly translucent Flint Ridge chalcedony. F--found in Pickaway County, Ohio. Gray, semi-translucent Flint Ridge chalcedony. - 123 - More Notes on the Transitional Period in Shenango Valley by Charles O. Fobes, Jr. , R. R. #3, Newcastle, Penna. Since the first report of the presence of a Transitional Period in the Shenango Valley, continuing study and research has established this Period into three sub-periods: Early, Middle, and Late Transi tional. The objects of these notes are: to attempt to trace the route of mi gration that was used by these people from the Susquehanna Valley to the Shenango Valley; to define, by the use of projectile point typology, the three sub-periods; to place (at least tentatively) the whole complex in its proper relationship in time. These relationships are suggested in Fig. 1. We assume that this group of people came from the Susquehanna Valley and that they were an offshoot or a remnant of the Transitional Culture of Eastern Pennsylvania as defined by Witthoft. They pushed up the west branch of the Susquehanna to the headwaters of the Alle gheny River, then south along its course to the Ohio River. Camp sites and artifacts are the evidence of this migration route. However, a group of this people veered off from the Allegheny Valley and settled in the valley of the Shenango. This may have been caused by the pressure of another people coming up the Alleghany from the Ohio. We know for certain that the Adena people reached Pitts burgh (the McKeesport Mound being Adena) and Adena artifacts are often found on sites belonging to this Shenango Transitional, all along the Allegheny Valley. Whatever the reason, the result is that there was a compact occu pation by this group in an area of not more than 25 miles in diameter containing approximately 20 sites. Some of these sites are pure, and belong to only one sub-period. Some are mixed occupations that yield artifacts belonging to other cultures and other time periods. Some show a continuity of occupation through all three sub-periods. This continuity shows plainly on the Gensty Site 36-LR-56. The site is not on the main river but is located back from it. Its people got water from a large spring and a small run to thejioutk of the site. This small stream may have been much^larger alTthe tirrie pf rhp nr pu pation, for on its bank isa large stonewith a hole driXlj^d_iritQ_i$_tliat may have held^a-eaiiae^egs—- Fragments ol Steatite pots show lug handles. The semi-lozenge base points from this site show basal and notch grinding on about 50% of the specimens. This indicates that the site belongs in the Middle period, when the trait of base and notch grinding was dying out. There was also an absence of the obtuse base types which research has shown to be Early Transitional. On one Early site 36-LR-34, grinding of base and notches was present on - 124 - Fig. 1 (Fobes) - 125 - 90% of the specimens. Late Transitional has all the characteristics of Middle Transition al with the exception of basal grinding. On the semi-lozenge base types, notch grinding outlasted basal grinding, with both traits dying out in late pre-ceramic sites. This is noticed where the presence of Adena or Early Woodland material is recognized. Absence of grinding is not limited to this particular area but is found in the Pymatuning Swamp area (Ref. 1), and in the Mosquito Reservoir area (Ref. 2) as well. The presistent absence of grinding of any kind I have used as a diagnostic trait for Late Transitional. Recently I had the opportunity of spending a few weeks in the Forest County, Pennsylvania, area. I examined various local collections and surf ace-hunted the many sites along the Alleghany River. Some of these sites are formally recorded, some are not. The assembled data and information obtained enable me to place a large amount of the material in this Transitional period. The Siggins site (36-FO-l) is owned by Miss Alice Siggins, of West Hickory, Pennsylvania, whose co-operation helped to make this survey a success. This site yielded fragments of steatite pots, frag ments of winged bannerstones, semi-lozenged base points, and the ob tuse base points or knives, which I have tentatively termed "Lawrence Stemmed, " since it first came to my attention in Lawrence County, Pa. This obtuse based point or knife should not be confused with the pentagonal blank forms of this or the Susquehanna River area. They seem to be derived from the stemmed Lamoka points of New York and/or the blank forms of Witthofts, Transitional Period. They could easily be mistaken for Adena or Early Woodland points, but their stems are too short, the bases are square, and the shoulders are weak. As a rule they are chipped from rhyolite. The semi-lozenge based points from the Siggins site showed grinding of the base and notches on 75% of the points checked. At site 36-FO-5, only half a mile down stream from the Siggins site, the semi-lozenge based points showed little or no grinding of bases and notches. This site produced Vinette I type pottery and so can be classed as Early Woodland, but very early in that period. It was the abundance of these semi-lozenge based points in Forest County that gave them their alternate name of "Forest Notched" (Ref. 3). The pentagonal blank forms are found in this area but they are only a minor type, and are crude when compared to the Lawrence Stemmed or the typical obtuse based point. Regional variation could account for this slight change in cultural pattern. There is a possi bility that the crude lanceolate forms found in the area belong in the Middle and Late sub-periods. The winged type of bannerstone appears to have been the one used by these people, but along with it occur examples of an earlier form, - 126 - in the proportion of one to three of the winged type. This form is more frequent in the Susquehanna Valley where an early phase of this culture was definitely present. This crude type of spearthrower weight has long been regarded as a net sinker. It is notched on each end of the long axis of a pebble or oblong piece of stone. Not notched by chipping, but by pecking and grinding. Chipping in notches would be good enough for a sinker for line or net, but the sharp edges would cut the lashing if subjected to the strain of use as a weight on a spear thrower. To establish the limits of the time period for this Transitional com plex in this Shenango area we have a CI4 date from Site 36-AL-2 at Lock Three of 290 B. C. ±100 years. This site was excavated by Dr. William J. Mayer-Oakes, who found both steatite and half-moon ware (an Early Woodland pottery type) in situ. This can be used as a terminal date for the Transitional Period. For its beginning, we have a CI4 date for the Archaic period in New York, which from all available evidence was contemporaneous with the Archaic in Pennsyl vania. As the people of this group migrated from the Susquehanna Valley, such a date is probably too early for their appearance in the Shenango Valley. One of approximately 1800 B. C. would be more acceptable. This is a time-span conformable to that of Witthoft's Transitional, which he dates to 1500 B. C. If this time-span seems too long, we must remember that cultures overlapped each other in time in different areas. The Shenango Transitional began in Archaic time, existed alongside Early Wood land, and ended at the beginning of Middle Woodland. They were a rural backwoods people still using steatite pots and slowly changing from a nomadic to a more sedentary way of life, long after more de veloped cultures existed. There is a C14 date for Adena of 800 B. C. ±410 years (that is Early Woodland) and another CI4 date of 400 B. C. ±150 years for Hopewell (Middle Woodland). (Ref. 4). The accom panying chronology table indicates these relationships. Assuming that these people came from the Susquehanna Valley, where they had a basic fishing economy, their migration would have forced them to put more emphasis on hunting. Also regional and tem poral variation must be expected. Further research is needed to de fine their migration routes, for they may have used more than one, and to define any influence they had on other cultures and that other cultures had on them. 1. Zakucia, John A. Personal Communication. 2. Sofsky, Charles Personal Communication. 3. Mayer-Oakes, William J. "Prehistory of the Upper Ohio Valley. " Pittsburgh, 1955. 4. Webb, William S. and Baby, Raymond S. : "The Adena People No. 2. " Columbus, 1956, The Ohio Historical Society. - 127 - Snyders Points (Copeland)--see caption on the facing page. Photo courtesy H. C. Wachtel. - 128 SNYDER POINTS (1) "The Snyders point has been named by Edward G. Scully from types found in Illinois (Scully, 1951, p. 12) "Description This type is a large sized, broad, carefully made corner-notched dart point. In outline the Snyders point is a broad ovate blade having broad corner notches cut in from the corner to pro duce an expanding stem. The blade is triangular with convex edges terminating in bold barbs. The stem is relatively short and expands toward the base which is normally convex. The notches are wide and deeply cut, usually well rounded and carefully executed. The point is relatively broad but thin in cross section, and it normally exhibits bet ter than average workmanship. "In size the Snyders point ranges from about 2 inches to 6 inches; the majority of specimens, however, fall between 2-1/2 and 3 inches in length. "Distribution Scully (1951) lists the Snyders point as being found in central and northern Illinois, southwestern Michigan and eastern Missouri. The type is found, however, over a considerably larger area including the Ohio Valley and the central Mississippi Valley. The type is relatively common in northeastern Oklahoma. "Age and Cultural Affiliation The Snyders point is associated with the Middle Woodland culture called Hopewellian which flourished from approximately 500 B. C. to 500 A. D. "The Oklahoma examples are associated with the Woodland horizons such as at the Cooper site in northeastern Oklahoma (Bell and Baerreis, 1952). " (1) Quoted from Bell, Robert E: "Guide to the Identification of Certain American Indian Projectile Points. " Special Bulletin No. 1, Okalahoma Anthropological Society, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla. , 195 8. Identification of Snyders points in the collection of Dr. Stanley G. Copeland in the photograph on the facing page. A--no data, probably western Ohio or Indiana. Dark greenish-gray semi-translucent material resembling chal cedony. B--found in Ross County, Ohio. Highly translucent Flint Ridge chalcedony. Very thin in cross section and ex hibits exceptionally fine workmanship. Length 10-7/10 centimeters (4-1/4 inches). C--found in Licking County, Ohio. Fairly translucent Flint Ridge chalcedony. D--found in Pickaway County, Ohio. Highly translucent Flint Ridge chalcedony. E--found in Logan County, Ohio. Highly translucent Flint Ridge chalcedony. Presented to me in 1945 by the late Dr. Roland Bunch of Muncie, Ind. F--found in Knox County, Ohio. Highly translucent Flint Ridge chalcedony. About 1 inch of the point end shows recent re-chipping. G--found in Ross County, Ohio. Highly translucent Flint Ridge chalcedony. - 129 - Cave Finds from Kentucky by Ernest G. Good, 15 Civic Drive, Grove City, Ohio During excavations since 1953 in Watts Cave, Ky. , we have un covered some forty burials to date. Most of these burials seem to be of the early to late Archaic period. We have noticed that the practice of burial with grave goods did not seem to be used to any extent. Very few, if any, burials had any arti facts that seemed to be intentionally placed with them. Sometimes we found a few beads or an antler celt, a flint knife, one or two flint ar rows or an arrow or spear-point of antler - never an array of material such as we find with Hopewell or Adena burials. In 1957 we invited our friend Phil Kientz to go with us to Kentucky on vacation and to help dig. After finding and removing six burials, Phil came upon the burial of a child about seven years old. The burial was found at a depth of 5-1/2 feet and was fully extended. In this cave very few of the burials are fully extended, seemingly from practice, but perhaps partly from necessity as the ancient slabs fallen from the roof of the cavern make clear level ground a rarity. Thinking that this burial was like most others, Phil proceeded with the excavation, but after working in silence for awhile he called me over and said, "Look! " Near the pelvis, he had exposed a large limestone gorget showing very little of the original polished surface, since time and water had greatly eroded it. Near the gorget was found a fine example of an Ar chaic spear 4-3/4 inches long and no thicker than three-eighths inches at any point. It was made of nodu lar flint and must have been a prized possession. Next, near the spear was found a double-pointed drill or possibly a fish gorge, as the center shows a deliberate groove not like any other drills I have ever seen. As these three fine artifacts are more than were found with any other one burial, this little child must have been of an important fami ly and was dearly loved. This one grave and the artifacts in it seem to tell a story of its own. One year later Phil presented me with these specimens, saying that they belonged with my other cave material. So again, Phil, I thank you for three little artifacts which may have a large story be hind them. - 130 - Devola Workshop Site by Richard P. Patterson, Route #2, Marietta, Ohio The surrounding region and the area now occupied by the city of Marietta, Ohio, is well known as a center for many groups of prehis toric and historic aborigines. The Marietta Earthworks were the first obvious evidence of prehistoric man, in the form of geometric earth works, platform and burial mounds located along the Muskingum River, starting at the river's mouth. Approximately ninty percent of the original Marietta Earthworks were obliterated during the growth and development of the city. Another group of these burial mounds occurred in and around the present town of Lowell, which is upstream about ten miles from Mari etta. The Lowell group of earthworks consisted mainly of conical burial structures of earth, stone or a combination of both. As in the case of the Marietta Earthworks, the Lowell Earthworks received lit tle or no scientific excavation work during their removal. Scattered surface artifacts are occasionally found on certain areas of the of the Muskingum River terraces in this region and these meager finds usually hint of Archaic, Mound Builder or Late Prehistoric groups occupying the region, especially the latter group. The Devola Workshop site is situated near the central south edge of Washington County in Ohio, and is located on the east side of the Muskingum River at Lock Number 2 in the community of Devola in Marietta. The site is situated on the narrow, sandy and gravelly beach which was purchased by the State when Lock Number 2 was built. Directly above the site is a gravel road which ends beside the lock wall of Devol's Dam, and above the road is the narrow Devola ter race which is usually extensively cultivated and produces scattered surface finds at several locations. Within a distance of 2500 feet north of the workshop and above the cultivated terrace are two conical earth burial mounds which are located within 300 feet of each other. An early survey of the Devola area revealed a total of five conical mound structures, three of which have been destroyed. These struc tures were probably built by the Adena people who once occupied the area. The Workshop site was discovered in the fall of 1958 when a local, informed amateur archeologist, David Dale Ray, found evidence of a ' small chipped stone industry in the form of several broken projectile points and square-base blades, one bi-pitted stone, one faceted hema tite stone, and a large assemblage of rejected chert and flint spalls and flaked chips on the surface of the beach among the gravel and sand. Materials that were used in the chipped stone industry of the abor iginal groups in this area were of a variety of types, most prominent of which were chert and flint river gravels, chalcedony and flint from the 131 Fig. 1 (Patterson) Top Row--typical examples of the square-based blades and blanks. Blades A, B, C, D are non-local quarried flint, blade E is tan river chert. Middle Row--An expanded base drill, F, exhibits heavy grinding of the basal edge. The tip shows no evidence of wear from attrition. Blue-black flint, measures 4. 0 cm. in length. G is apparently the base of a Folsom type projectile point. It shows no fluted or central flake removal, but possesses a slightly concave base and the side and basal edges exhibit slight grinding. The basal width measures 2. 7 cm. and the thickest point measures . 7 cm. H and I are the bases of a trianguloid type of point. Both specimens are black, fossiliferous flint, and neither exhibits grinding of the edges. J and K are stemmed points, which could be classified as a parallel stemmed type. The first one is gray Flint Ridge chalcedony, the second is gray and tan mottled flint and measures 6. 5 cm. in length. Bottom Row--L and M are side-notched points. L is blue-black flint and its basal edge exhibits heavy grinding. M measures 3. 7 cm. in length and is black, fossiliferous flint. N and O are corner-notched points. N is black flint, measures 7. 1 cm. in length, and exhibits grinding of the basal edge. O is tan chert and is 2. 5 cm. in length. P and Q are expanded stemmed point forms. P is tan chert and ex hibits grinding of the sides of the stem. Q is milk-white and pink mottled Flint Ridge flint. - 132 - H f * §M I f I Fig. 2 (Patterson) Top Row--A, B, C, D, E are five fine examples of the end type of scraper and are made from local river flint. Second Row--Two side scrapers, F and G, exhibiting fine percussion and pressure flaking. Third Row--The four flake blade scrapers H, I, J and K are made from a non-local quarried blue-black flint. Flake scraper L is made from a clear Flint Ridge chalcedony and is the largest piece of Flint Ridge material found at this site to date. Bottom Row--These five flaking scrapers M, N, O, P and Q are typical examples of the larger flakes obtained from local flint and chert river pebbles. Fig. 3 (Patterson) Typical examples of the rejected flint and chert debris that is com monly found at the Devola Workshop site. - 133 - famous Flint Ridge quarry site near Zanesville, Ohio, and a non-local quarried blue-black flint. After the January, 1959, flood and the high waters in the months that followed, the beach at Lock Number 2 was completely submerged and subjected to extensive erosion. After the waters had receded, larger amounts of rejected flint and chert debris were found, which were both quarried and non-quarried materials. The assemblage of such artifacts as hammerstones, pitted stones, projectile points, drills, scrapers, and faceted hematite remained comparitively small in relation to the amount of rejected spalls and nonutilized flake blades that were recovered. There was no indication of polished stone arti facts or pottery ware specimens being present on this site. The section of the Devola terrace immediately above the Workshop site has produced the following surface artifacts: one cordmarked pot sherd tempered with crushed limestone, flint and quartz; two damaged shell-tempered potsherds; one broken stemmed point made from Flint Ridge material; one broken triangular point; two large percussion flaked scrapers; one hundred and fifty flake blade scrapers; two faceted hematite stones; three fragmentary hammerstones. The most important artifacts from the above assemblage are undoubtedly the three potsherds, which suggest Woodland and Late Prehistoric occu pation. The scrapers are identical with those found in the Workshop site, although the upper terrace specimens appear to exhibit more evidence of utilization in the form of heavy secondary flaking. In conclusion, it seems that the Devola Workshop site served as an important workshop of the chipped stone industry in the area, and was a popular location for the final manufacturing stage of non-local quar ried flint as well as a location for the collecting of flint and chert river pebbles. Due to the inadequate sample of the more explanatory forms of artifacts it would be very difficult to attribute the present artifact assemblage from the site to any particular cultural group. Some of the artifacts, however, may in some degree be associated with the two remaining conical burial mounds which are in very close proximity to this workshop site. The small assemblage of surface material gathered at the site may prove very important, however, in that they will offer an insight into the local activities of the chipped stone industry and provide an assemblage list of the types of chipping materials used at this type of site. The following is the artifact trait list for the Devola Workshop site: Projectile points--stemmed. 5; Folsom type, 1; corner notched, 2; side notched, 1; triangular, 3; trianguloid, 2; fragments, tips, 5. Cache blades or point blanks: square-based blades, 8; fragments, 4. Drills: expanding base type, 1; straight, 1. Scrapers: Make blades, pressure flaked, 120; larger percussion flaked type, 17. Rough stone artifacts: faceted hematite, 4; bi-pitted stones, 2; single pitted stones, 2; hammerstones, 2. Non-artifactual debris: many spalls and large chips, non-utilized flakes, fire-cracked stones. - 134 - That Basic Tool — The Hammerstone by Thomas A. Minardi, 411 Cline Street, Mansfield, Ohio Undoubtedly many of you have found hammerstones in the fields during your surface hunting, or during some excavation you have con ducted. Numerous types of hammerstones may be encountered on village or camp sites, in rock shelters and caves, and associated with burials. One type of particular interest is the flint or chert hammerstone used in the making of the varied types of tools, blanks and other cultural materials. Hammers, yesterday as today, are employed to exert a greatly condensed force or pressure upon a particularly selected and defined area or surface, whether the end result be to drive a nail or to re move a percussion flake. So these hammerstones played as important a part in chipping as did the rounded end bone and antler flakers which so many collectors prize. While the final flaking of flint and chert artifacts was done with these bone tools, it was the hammerstone that was employed to rough out the basic blank. So we must admit that each played an equally important part in the creation of the artifacts we admire today. Some of these hammerstones, as seen in the illustration (Fig. 1) are almost round, while others were merely utilized on one or several of the edges or sides. Through the continued usage of these tools, the forms would tend to develop into a rounded shape, easily held in the hand without fear of jagged edges. Undoubtedly the specimens were selected for use not only because of their size and weight, but for their quality and uniformity of texture as well. This we may conclude from the varying dimensions. Quite logically the selected hammerstones were carried from place to place and used repeatedly by the owners for a variety of pur poses. Through frequent usage they became veritable "tools of the trades" and through increasing familiarity with their weight and balance the user knew just when and how to use them. Also, because of their rounded shape they were easily carried, lacking the uncom fortable viciously sharp edges of "raw" flint. Without a doubt they would have made most effective slingshot ammunition in case of emer gency (1) and their weight would be just about on a par with that of a blackjack. Their use is seemingly limited only by the imagination, and they could be classed as a definitely multi-purpose item. Here we might differentiate between hammerstones of the "core" or "block" type, and the nodular or pebble flint types, both being em ployed in one form or another in nearly every area of known prehis toric occupancy. The core or block variety resulting from the work ing down of a selected piece of material is similar to the pebble or - 135 - nodular type, differing little from each other in the ^j***™"' All are easily distinguished by their characterise abraded and pecked surfaces. It is well known that varieties of flint and chert occurred in various forms, and most of these were utilized in one method or another, whether they were a long slim slab or a thick tough nodule. In Fi« 1, A represents a typical core hammerstone and C illus trates the nodular or pebble type. Notice the degree of usage from the "pecked" surface B was found on the south bank of the Ohio River, near Quincy, Kentucky. It might be noted that these types of hammer stones need not necessarily be limited to the local area^ Specimens occur in practically every locale, being predominantly flint closest to a readily available supply of this material. Granite seems to take over where the supply of flint is limited or scarce. Illustrating distribution, the Osceole Site in Wisconsin produced two specimens worked on one end (2). They are found in Tennessee, ^Carolina, and beyond. In the east, pebble hammerstones have been identified in the Lotus Site in the Hudson River Valley (3). In Barry and surrounding counties of Missouri specimens have been found varying in diameter from one and a half to three inches (4). So he hammerstone is not a specifically localized tool; nevertheless when it is made from flint material obtained in the *?***££*' it becomes of greater local interest. Arthur George Smith will testi fy to the interest and speculation attached to the finding of one of these examples. Regardless of size, shape, weight or form, all were most effec tive Yet possibly the more they approached the spheroid, the more specialized work could be accomplished. Like good leather, they im- proved with age and usage. Fowke, Gerard: "Archaeological History of Ohio, " 1902. (1) (2) "Wisconsin Archaeologist, " Vol. 38, No. 4. (3) "Introduction to Hudson Valley Prehistory. " N. Y. State Museum and Science Service, Bulletin 367, January, 195 8 (4) "Missouri Archeologist, " Vol. 20, December, 1958. Fig. 1 (Minardi) - 136 - Birdstonc Find in Fayette County Willard Sears has a surface hunter's eye, even from the trac tor seat! Last May he spotted this unfinished birdstone which turned up as he was plowing on his farm in northwest Fayette County, near South Solon, Ohio. It is of banded slate, tail and body polished and neck and head still in the pecked state. Dimen sions: 4-3/4 inches long, 1 inch wide at the base, height at head 2 inches and at tail 2-1/4 inches. (Photo courtesy Harry Ball) More on Obsidian in Ohio In further comment on the occurrence of obsidian in Ohio (see Ohio Archaeologist, July, 1959, pages 102-103) M. R. Mertz has received the following communication from Robert E. Bell, Department of An thropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla. : "I have received the copy of your letter to Dr. Bruce Ellis along with the photograph of the obsidian core from Ohio. I appreciate learning about this specimen. I am familiar with the obsidian ma terial found in Hopewell sites in Ohio and elsewhere, but had not seen any of the cores such as the one you pictured. It looks very much like the specimen from Oklahoma. "I doubt seriously if the obsidian found in Ohio came from the Yel lowstone Wyoming quarries. I have examined the quarries and find that for the most part they contain very poor quality obsidian, most of it containing numerous flaws and other defects. It does not look like the Ohio Hopewell obsidian at all. Possibly I did not see the best of the quarries, but what I did see were of poor quality. "Many thanks for your interest. I will keep the photo unless you need to have it returned. " - 137 - Pi w? M^ +' • '. . / te Fig. 1 (McClish)--mandible excavated just below the bulldozed surface. *tj, • ! .' x » V X Fig. 2 (McClish)--artifacts in association with a Scioto gravel burial. - 138 - Scioto Gravel Burials by Richard McClish, 1342 Holton Road, Grove City, Ohio In the summer of 1956, William Durant and I were looking through a partially dug gravel pit just south of Columbus. Our object was to find a small village site or some signs of habitation because a large Adena mound had been reported in the immediate vicinity. The entire area, which covered perhaps forty acres, had been almost completely stripped of topsoil, leaving a clean layer of exposed gravel. The first indication we had of any remains was a small pile of hu man bones lying on the surface. We knew almost immediately they were human because of the large frontal piece of skull. After digging only a few inches under the surface the large mandi ble shown in Fig. 1 (opposite) was discovered. We were not able to finish this digging because the site was removed to a depth of 20 feet shortly thereafter. In this particular site we came across at least three different skulls, many different phalanges, a few long bones and several ribs. The bones were ochred on all surfaces. Fig. 2 (opposite) shows the only artifacts we found in immediate association with a burial. This small site was about six or eight inches above the gravel in soil which had been left during the removal of the overburden. Fig. 3 (below) shows the only extended burial found at this site. A bulldozer had done a very good job of destroying nearly 50% of the site. No artifacts were found. Large and small potsherds were plentiful in the numerous fire places in the area. One very fine bone awl was found in a fireplace, along with a few small grit-tempered potsherds. - 139 - A Peculiar Knife Type by Arthur George Smith, Firelands Museum, Norwalk, Ohio The last time I visited the late Dr. Lawrence Hicks of Columbus, I told him that he should write up some of the unpublished knife types in his collection. After his death, I obtained the four shown at the left in Fig. 1. The one at the right (E) belongs to Norman L. Dunn of Find- lay, Ohio. There is no real data on any of these specimens; all that is known is that they were found in Ohio. Items B, C, D, and E are of flints from along the Walhonding, and item A appears to be of Flint Ridge flint. We can not attribute this type to any definite culture, but the flints of items B, C, D, and E are those that we know were used a great deal by the makers of the lanceolate points we call "Yumas. " So they may belong to that complex, or to a transition between the late Paleo Indian and the early Archaic. Whether or not these knives were hafted I can not ascertain. I be lieve that if they were, the wider concave end was the working end. The one of dark flint (D) is battered by use and has been rechipped un til the edges are steep. I have one from Huron County that is at least twice as wide as the largest of these, but unfortunately, only about two-thirds of it remains. Fig. 1 (Smith) - 140 - The glyphs are divided into ten groups: human figures, outlines of human hands and feet, zoomorphic figures, bird forms, animal tracks, simple cup sculptures, spirals, club elements, rake-like elements, and mythical animals. Archaeological survey and test explorations of the immediate area for cultural remains revealed nothing in the form of prehistoric arti facts or indications of the existence of a camp or village site. It is regrettable to note that permission was not granted to investigate a small area of fire-cracked stones and chips of broken rocks near the stone, which might have shed some light on the origin of the carvings. This study is well written and illustrated with fine maps, photo graphs, and line drawings. Despite its lack of detailed analysis, it is another fine contribution to a much neglected area of Indian art. RAYMOND S. BABY Reprinted with permission of the Ohio Historical Society SUSQUEHANNOCK MISCELLANY. Edited by John Witthoft and W. Fred Kinsey, III, The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commis sion, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 1959. VIII f 168 pages, 1 map, 23 text figures. $1. 50 This is a book for the serious student of archaeology. The best analysis of this work can be made by quoting from the Introduction: "The present publication makes no pretense of presenting all that is known about Susquehannock history and prehistory. It is rather a miscellany of papers prepared by individuals of diverse backgrounds, each of which considers some particular aspect of Susquehannock his tory and archaeology. " The Susquehannocks were an Iroquoian tribe that did not belong to the Iroquoian League and, like the Eries, were destroyed by the Five Nations. Their remnants were wiped out by the whites. Captain John Smith first mentions this tribe, and many later writers also refer to them. There is a tenuous connection with Ohio. A number of pipes in the Susquehannock style have been found on sites along the West Branch of the Susquehanna, made from the Portsmouth, Ohio, pipestone. This may indicate an incursion into Ohio, or trade with Ohio peoples. Much of the material finds discussed are trade items, but one find was an image of the cicada cast in a gold-silver alloy that must have originated in South America. How it reached the grave of some Sus quehannock Indian is a story that still remains a mystery. VERY HIGHLY RECOMMENDED for the serious student A. G. S. - 143 - Membership Lists now ready You can have a copy now--a list of ASO members, complete and correct as of the mailing of this present issue. Arrangement of members' names is geographical by states and cities. So if you're driving through Circleville, for example, and want to know what ASO members live there whom you might visit, just turn to OHIO--Circleville--and you'll find full names and ad dresses for our members the Barnharts, Bartley, Dunkel, Montelius, Schumm. Or if you can't remember the name or address of that ASO man from Michigan, it takes only a minute to look down the page for MICHIGAN and spot his name, town, street address. This very helpful membership list is yours, just for writing to ask for it. In the interest of economy, there will be no general distribu tion. A donation of 50£ is requested with your order, to help pay for the mimeographing and mailing costs. Write (with 50£ enclosed) to Arthur George Smith, 65 North Foster Street, Norwalk, Ohio. Or get your copy from him at any meeting. P. S. For the labor of compiling this list, thanks are due Secre tary Smith and the Editor's wife Flo and daughter Ellen. They did it! Errata Please correct these errors in your July issue: Page 79, caption for photo of antler flaking tools on page 7 8: Antler flaking tools recovered by Norman L. Dunn and Edward Galitza and turned over to Clifford M. Williams, the owner of the site, in 1956. Purchased by Dunn two years later and donated to the Ohio Historical Society's Glacial Kame collection as his contribution in the name of the Archaeological Society of Ohio's Glacial Kame Fund. Page 101, caption for photo of two fake spears: Red glass on left, obsidian on right. Necrology Wilmer J. Leidy, P. O. Box 3526, Merchandise Mart Station, Chicago 54, Illinois. June 16, 1959 Lorenzo G. Schumm, 302 "C" St., LaPorte, Indiana - 144 - Notes and Personals More on the "Holy Stones" reported in the July issue of Ohio Archaeologist. In a personal communication to the Editor, Dr. George F. Carter of The Johns Hopkins University, Department of Geography, reports: "Mrs. Farrell of the Johns on -Humrickhouse Museum recently brought the Holy Stones to Baltimore in order that some of the Johns Hopkins experts in Semitic languages might look at them. The Key Stone was found to have modern letters, squared off for cutting in stone. . .. Under a magnifying glass an observant graduate student spotted a fossil. This suggested limestone. An acid test proved this to be true. This then became of interest as a test of the age of the stone. While basalt might lie in the soil for 2000 years and still show virtually no trace of weathering, limestone is most unlikely to do so. Yet the letters cut into this stone are as sharp as if cut only yesterday. It is of considerable interest, too, that the original critics called at tention to the freshness of the cutting and argued that it simply could not be old. They were so right. " Long-time member Charles Kisling of Wash ington C. H. , Ohio, was interviewed earlier this year by a Columbus newspaper staff writer. A collector since he was 10 years old, Charles adds an interest in guns and coins to his long-continued interest in Indian relics. Jacob S. Royer of Dayton, Ohio, died on September 19. He was an acquaintance of long standing of many members of the Archaeological Society of Ohio, who will remember him as the adept artist who skill fully restored Indian artifacts. He was a portrait and landscape artist in his own right, and was a restorer and reconditioner of old paintings. Mr. Royer was a life-long collector of Indian relics and took a great interest in the Ohio Indian Relic Collectors Society, of which he was a member. Another long-time member broke into print recently. Yes, that's Phil Kientz smiling from behind the cloisonne vases that won him a prize at the Golden Age Hobby Show held in Colum bus last month. But wouldn't most of us be more inclined to give him a blue ribbon for the very fine slate pieces shown in the case below? - 145- Chapter Notes Newcomers town Members are working on the excavation of a site at Chili in Coshocton County. It is an unusual location, in the floor of a gorge about 100 feet long and 30 feet deep between sheer rock walls about 13 feet apart. Photo shows Leonard Brown at work on the site, which so far has yielded a quan tity of animal bones, many pot tery sherds and several flint artifacts. A full report on this site is promised for a later is sue of Ohio Archaeologist. The Chapter held its last meeting on August 27 to hear Brown give a report on this excavation. Tom Hall reported on fraudulent pieces and Harry Ball showed slides of cliff dwellings he visit ed this past summer on his tour of the Southwest. Mound City This Chapter of ASO was organized in early 195 8, and its current officers are: MacDonald Schumm, Circleville, President; Emmett W. Barnhart, Circleville, Vice-President; Norman McKnight, Ashville, Secretary-Treasurer. Directors are Florence E. Barrett of Chillicothe, Thomas E. Porter of Frankfort, Donald McBeth of Kingston. Current membership totals 16. Meetings are held at 7:30 on the third Thursday of each month in the Probate Court Room, Ross County Courthouse, Chillicothe. NEW MEMBERS Here's a partial list of new members welcomed into the ASO in re cent months. New members are the lifeblood of the society, and every present member should consider himself a committee of one to urge his archaeologically-minded friends to join. Write Secretary Smith for some application blanks! Connecticut Somers Mary Ann Smith, RR #2 Hawaii Ewa RaymondH. Neff, 91-023 Nalomeli PI. Indiana Columbus William B. Bush, RR #2 Indianapolis 25 Mrs. Freda Porter, 20 Schiller St. Kentucky Smith's Grove Orner Barbee, RR #2 Michigan Wayne J. R. Laut, 33117 Armanda Court New Jersey East Brunswick Joseph Hanko, 24 Wallace St. Ohio Ashland Arthur F. Scott, RR #3 Dayton 5 Dayton Art Institute Library, 405 W. Riverside Ave. Marietta Bernard Schaefer, 511 Seventh St. Portsmouth * Walter J. Reutzel, Box 279, RR #5 Charles E. Sartin, RR #5 Van Wert Sue Ellen Sapp, RR #4 Wooster Richard M. Scott, 623 Spruce St. Quincy Michael Newman, Box 94 Pennsylvania Fenelton John Kemp York Dr. Edward J. Bowser, 595 E. Market St. South Carolina Clover Carl Rogers, Jr., 209 Knox St. Tennessee Memphis 12 Tom Moxley, 170 Timberlane Ave. Texas Lackland A. F. B. Col. Tom Kelly, 109 Yount Circle Washington Tieton W. D. Stolteman, Box 205, RR #1 Canada Nelson, B. C. W. A. Fetterley, 811 Sixth St. Junior Members - 146 - The Trading Post A service for the members of ASO to help them Trade, Buy, Sell genuine archaeological artifacts and publications on archaeology. ** Will sell or trade part of fine collection spears and arrowheads. Send your wants, enclose stamp for outlines. D. Stephenson, 1202A 26th Ave. W., Bradenton, Florida. (oct59) ** Want Flint Ridge cores and flake knives. Please state quality, quantity, price. Also interested in above-average artifacts. Harry B. McDaniel, Bettsville, Ohio. (aP60) ** I buy and sell collections large or small--fine individual artifacts, too. Purchase estimates willingly given in confidence. Stan Copeland, 1054 Lilley Avenue, Columbus 6, Ohio. (ap60) ** Full value paid for collections of Indian relics and archaeological pub lications. Negotiations efficient, confidential. Phone or write for immediate service. Potawatomi Museum, Angola, Indiana, Lynn Munger (curator), ORlando 9-2442. (ap6o) ** Want to buy Ohio serrated, pentagonals, blunts, erratics, and fossilized pieces. Also Ohio hematite, copper, shell, miniatures. Send photo or outline, description. Ed Atkinson, 420 Chatham Rd., Columbus 14, Ohio. (ap60)' ** Will trade for iron tomahawks, peace pipes, authentic Flint Ridge spears-- Pickaway County effigy platform pipe and Belden's "Peace Medals" copy no. 146. Peter Diller, RR #1, Pandora, Ohio (oct59) ** Will trade gold of the realm for rocks (Indian rocks, that is). One piece or entire collection. Norman Grogitsky, 22748 Oxford Ave. , Dearborn Mich. (oct59) ** Genuine relics bought and sold. Three selected Penna. arrows $1. 00. Ten Susquehannock specimens including axe and celt $10. 00. Three fine Penna. bone specimens $2. 50. Palmer, 435 Washington Road, McKeesport, Pa. (ju60) ** Common arrowheads wanted for bulk display at new museum. Will trade fine relics or pay $15 per hundred until we get enough. No damaged or junk. Lynn Munger, Angola, Indiana, (oct59) ** Will pay $1 each for good condition copies Ohio Archaeologist, Vol. 1, No. 1 April 1951. Urgently needed to complete library sets. Mail to Arthur George Smith, 65 N. Foster Street, Norwalk, Ohio. (oct59) U you have some items to trade, or want to buy certain special artifacts or publications, or are willing to sell some of your material -- send in your "Trading Post" notice now according to the following conditions: (1) Paid-Up Members of ASO are the only persons privileged to use this service. (Z) 30-Word Maximum for each notice, including name, address, phone. (3) Subject Limited to swapping, sale, purchase of genuine archaeological artifacts and archaeological publications. (4) Rates: single insertion $2. 00, four consecutive issues with no change of copy $6. 00 (necessary change of address permitted). (5) Payment with your Notice copy, please: receipted bill will be sent you if requested. (6) Notices Accepted and Controlled by the Editorial Staff, subject to final decision of the Officers and Trustees. SEND ALL NOTICES AND PAYMENTS to Ed W. Atkinson, 420 Chatham Road, Columbus 14, Ohio. Lithographed by WESTERN PRESS