Archaeologist

VOL. 1 NUMBER2 New Series - July 1951 Ohio Indian Relic Collectors Society Columbus, Ohio <

V FORTY STEPHENS BIRDST0I-3ES

First Row Top to bottom Fourth Row - Top to bottom

1 - (Bust Type) Mecosta County, Michigan. 1 - Darke County, Ohio.

2 - (Bust Type) Lee County, . 2 - Miami County, Ohio.

; 3 - St. Joseph County, Michigan. 3 - Sa,- -naw County, Michigan.

4 - Franklin County, Ohio. 4 - Ingham County, Michigan.

5 - Posey County, . 5 - Ogle County, Illinois.

6 - Butler County, Ohio. 6 - Saginaw County, Michigan.

7 - Butler County, Ohio. 7 - Franklin County, Ohio.

8 - Butler County, Ohio. 8 - Lake County, Michigan.

9 - Kalamazoo County, Michigan.

Second Row - Top to bottom. Fifth Row - Top to bottom.

1 - Branch County, Michigan. 1 - Kenosha County, Michigan.

2 - Ingham County, Michigan. 2 - Allen County, Indiana.

3 - Allegan County, Michigan. 3 - Rush County, Indiana.

4 - Warren County, Ohio. 4 - Kent County, Michigan.

5 - Delaware County, Ohio. 5 - St. Joseph County, Mich.

6 - Mecosta County, Michigan. 6 - Adams County, Indiana.

7 - Kalamazoo County, Michigan. 7 - Houghton County, Michigan. Third Row - Top to bottom.

1 - Shelby County, Ohio.

2 - Ingham County, Michigan. 3 - Genesee County, Michigan. by B. W. Stephens 4 - Hancock County, Illinois. 815 Broadway, 5 - Yuscola County, Michigan. Quincy, Illinois. 6 - Williams County, Ohio. 7 - Gibson County, Indiana. 8 - Sandusky County, Ohio. - 1 -

• CONTENTS Page Birdstones - B. W. Stephens, Quincy, Illinois. 1 Contents 2 Officers 3 Council Fire Echoes - President 4 Editorialana by the Editor 5_6 The Schisler Pipe - Phil Kientz 7_10 Spears, Arrowheads or Knives - Vaughn Ladd 12 Dated Gorget - B. 17. Kelley 12-15 Ohio and Indiana Atlatls - H. R. McPherson 16-19 Ball Banners - Fred Bartol 20-23 Artifacts from the Harold Engle collection 24-25 Artifacts from the Chas. Kisling collection. 26-27

Membership Roster 28-32 Buffington Island - H. R. McPherson 33-34 Birdstones - John A. Zakucia 35-36 SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT Indiana Meeting Oct. 7-51 See Page 23 - 2 - OFFICERS

President H. C. Wachtel, 307 Elmhurst Rd., Dayton, Ohio. Vice-Pres Frank Burdett, 112 East Main St., Springfield, Ohio.

Sec'y-Treas Ernest L. Spoon, R. R. #2, Miamisburg, Ohio.

DIRECTORS

Dr. Leon Kramer, Columbus, Ohio. LaDow Johnston, Toledo, Ohio. Mr. F. P. Mooney, Ohio State Museum. Prof. Victor Hill, Athens, Ohio. Earl Townsend, Jr., Indianapolis, Ind.

PUBLISHING COMMITTEE Dr. G. F. Meuser - 2248 Summit St., Columbus, Ohio. H. R. McPherson - Editor - 1116 Franklin Ave., Columbus, Ohio. Dr. Leon Kramer - 2581 E. Fifth Ave., Columbus, Ohio. Mr. F. P. Mooney, Ohio State Museum, Columbus, Ohio. LaDow Johnston, 2001 Toledo Trust Bldg., Toledo, Ohio. B. E. Kelley, 138-140 S. Fayette St., Washington C. H., Ohio. C. H. Bauer, 2866 E. 13th Ave., Columbus, Ohio, David Collins, 627 Snow Hill Blvd., Springfield, Ohio.

PROGRAM COMMITTEE Frank Burdett, Springfield, Ohio. F. P. Mooney, Ohio State Museum. Dr. Leon Kramer, Columbus, Ohio. LaDow Johnston, Toledo, Ohio, Prof, Victor Hill, Athens, Ohio. George Carroll, Urbana, Ohio.

MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE LaDow Johnston, Northwest Section. Dr. Leon Kramer, Central Section. G. W. Dilley, Northeast Section. C. H. Kruger, Southwest Section, Donald McBeth, Southeast Section. Frank Burdett, Overall Section.

OBJECT OF THE SOCIETY The Ohio Indian Relic Collectors Society is organized to discover and conserve archaeological sites and material within the state of Ohio; seek and promote a better understanding among collectors of archaeological material including individuals, museums and institutions and to disseminate knowledge as to subject matter of . The membership is composed of citizens of suitable character and interest. The annual membership dues is &3.00 payable June 1 each year. The funds are used for mailing notices of meetings and publishing our "Bulletin" of which we aim to put out four issues each year. Articles and pictures are furnished by the members.

Due credit should be given this publication and the author for any article or data copied and published by others. - 3 The Ohio Archaeologist is supposed to appear quarterly. We would like to have them on January 1, April 1, July 1 and October 1. We will not meet just these dates this year, but we will have four issues. In order to effect this in the future with­ out confusion and rush, it will be necessary that contributors have their copy in the hands of the editor not later than September 1, for the next issue and December 1 for the issue next following. Copy, therefore must be received thirty days prior to date of publication. If received later than this deadline, it will be held'for publication in the issue following. Members are urged to prepare their articles and send them in at once. Such copy will be held and drawn upon when the time comes. Much editing and stenciling is done prior to the thirty day time limit. Were that not the case, it would be L-npossible to publish on the date line. All of this avoids rush both in the preparation of text and in the editing and printing of the copy.

There is so much that could and should be published that there seems scarcely any limit, to the opportunities and possibilities for the preparation of material for publication. You are urged to contribute text and submit high quality photo­ graphs as soon as possible. All such should be mailed to the Editor.

I would also like to call to the attention of each member who is on a committee that it is urgent that you cooperate faithfully with the committee of which you are a member. This applies to the Publishing, Membership and Program com.aittc.es*. You have received individual letters asking for your cooperation and I am sure you will respond accordingly. The success of our future meetings and bulletins are entirely in your hands and we hope to have progressively better meeting and publications.

We have new members signing up all the time and we wish to welcome each one and hope that they can all have something to contribute to the betterment of our society and we Want each member to feel free to write the president or any other officer or member of any criticisms they have and we vail avail ourselves of the opportunity for correction. This is your society to enjoy to the fullest and we hope all will enjoy meeting together with congeniality and good fellowship. - 4 - EDITORIAL AIJA By the Editor

Members of this Society ere, as a rule, keen observers. Some delve into phases and features relating to ceremonial arid slate objects; others keen­ ly observe and study- every angle pertaining to materials, types and distribution of flint; still others make similar studies regarding artifacts from stone and bone. Their treatises are read with much interest. All this stimulates thought and ideas which frequently add to the cum total of archaeological knowledge. It is strongly urged that members avail themselves of such suggestions and come forth with something for publication.

*- -::- •>:- * •>:- -Si- After a number of years of gleaning Indian village sites in the Scioto Valley in Franklin and Pickaway Counties, the collector comes up with some observations which may have weight. Some of the sites of more prominence have been visited many times, resulting in interesting discoveries.

One of these persoral observations is to the effect that more of these Indian sites were occupied up into historic tinea than may have been suspected. For instance, a gun flint and clay pipe, of the trade type, were picked up from the Merion Site just south of Columbus; a similar pipe, a gun flint and a glass bead were found on e site near the Mackey Ford bridge in northern Pickaway County; and a piece of metal, showing engraving max'ks, and evidently from a flint lock rifle, was found on a site about throe miles south­ west of Circleville, All these sites happen to be on the east side of the Scioto River.

No one could say with any certainty that these objects were of Indian origin but it is well within the realm of reason to suspect that they may have been. Doubtless other collectors have had siailar experiences and such occur­ rences might well be reported.

* •>; * # •>"- # Another observation which has arisen after lengthy study, is the rather frequent appearance of broken exes, and occasionally celts, on well- definod camp and village sites. The discovery of those fragments almost with­ out fail would elicit a comment such as "what a beauty that must have been - and what a shame I"

Specimens have been collected and compared and it has been noted that fragments of such axes and celts may be found on any of the village sites along the Scioto River in this area. For quite a while little significance was attached to the matter until finally the realization struck hard that these pieces of axes and celts were almost uniformly from finely-fashioned specimens; that the cutting edges were rarely blemished; and thct they seemed to have been deliberately shattered by heavy, laterally-struck blows. It appears clearly that breakage was not due to the ordinary, or even extra-ordinary;usage for which they wore intended. Were that the case the cutting edges would have . ... suffered first. Then, too, the shattering blows seemed to have been delivered from the side.

Logic may well be employed when one attempts to find a reason for this treatment - and there must have been a. definite reason. It is a wellknovm fact that superstition dominated the everyday life of those peoples and that the more prized possessions of the deceased either were buried alongside or were "killed," or destroyed in order to release their spirits, that they might thereby join their owners in their sojourn into that happier land. - 5 - Individual specimens and even entire caches of "killed" artifacts have been encountered during the excavation of in Ohio. And the ceremonial deposit of artifacts within mounds comprises but a small fractions of the disposal of the total possessions of the legion which postdated this region. Really it should not be unexpected, but is rather to be expected, that on the part of some, at least, prized objects would be "killed" and dis­ posed of in some manner in and about the villages - and thus they are found today, some on the surface.

The writer may be wrong - but is willing to go on record as believ­ ing firmly that there was a definite rite among those peoples which included the "ceremonial killing or mutilation" of sr.es and celts - and perhaoa othe^ objects - and the disposition of them in some manner in and about the tillages or burial places which often were within or contiguous to the villages.

tt * # # •>.- # * * •>„- A trip w&s made recently through southern Indiana, , western Tennessee and eastern Arkansas. A visit was paid to Glenn Black at the , near Evaneville, where the Indiana Historical Society and the University

Near Wilson, Arkansas, we saw the large collection of Dr. J. K. Hampson, which was excavated aLuost entirely from a large site on his own plantation. The collection consists principally of . Dr. Hampson has kept a careful and complete record of his work and has constructed a small- scale model of the site, including structures and features encountered. A visit to "Nodena," the Hampson homestead, is recommended where one is certain to be welcomed wholeheartedly.

The Memphis Archaeological and Geoglogical Society has been organized recently to include collectors in that region on both sides of the Mississiopi River. Their prime objectives include the protection and observation of the arcnaeological sites and material and the promotion of a larger and better arcnaeoiogical department with larger displays in the Memphis Museum. Leaders ol the group were contacted and found to be very much on the alert.

While returning, a visit was paid to Dr. and Mrs, T, Hugh Youn^, at .Jasnviile. much has b^en said regarding the Young collection but even then we were unprepared for the spectacle behold. The superb housing, ornate casing, and pleasing arrangement of this almost unparalleled, privately-owned exhibit impresses the visitor well-nigh beyond expresion. One is overwhelmed by the immensity and quality of the displays and by the atmosphere withal - and all this, combined with the degree of southern hospitality beamed both by Dr. and Hra Young, is certain to stir one with keen desire to return.

* * -::- * -.:- -!r -• -it •* * . . . Jhe Indiana Indian Relic Collectors Society has launched a beginning by holding one of their first meetings with Glenn Black at the Angel -•i??3*?1^ Sf* G'-St P**™*'^. Excavations were in progress at the tLoe wuiy 8) and .he group had an unusual opportunity to sec at first hand the hveo project which nas ong been under way. Societies such as those in Indiana and Ohio should cooperate closely with the So-.iaty v;hich officially represents their state in archaeological and historical juattei-s. F X

- 6 - THE SCHISLER PIPE

By Philip Kientz

Considerable pride may be taken in the mere possession of a fine effigy pipe - particularly when the specimen is outstanding from one or more standpoints. However, such satisfaction is greatly increased when the possessor is so fortunate as to be the finder of the artifact - some­ thing which rarely falls to the lot of an ardent collector during a lifetime.

It so happens that the writer is one of the few who have been privileged to enjoy that feeling. Thousands of hours have been whiled away pleasantly over the years in the search for archaeological specimens both upon and beneath the surface. And thousands are the specimens which have been turned up - some exquisite, some classed as good, and the great, great percentage which are common to poor. The "big moment" always comes suddenly, unexpectedly even when one is expecting, and this particular "moment" broke with that same overwhelming suddenness.

It was on a November day in 1942, Thanksgiving Day to be exact, that we were digging in Scioto County, Ohio. In company v/ith H. R. -IcPhcrson. I was digging in the Schisler Village Site, of the Culture, on the east side of the Scioto River, south of Lucasvillc. We had spent a number of days at this site with only modcra.te results. On this particular day the writer came upon a burial which proved to be most interesting. The skeleton was extended, head to the north, and the skull was slumped slightly to the right.

Relics began to show up in the region of the chest cavity during the removal of the skeleton. Soon were found seven nicely-chipped triangular arrow points of dark-gray flint, from one and one-fourth to one and one-half inches in length; one flint blade of sii.dlar material two and one-fourth inches long; two flint drills from one and three-fourths to two and one-fcurth inches long; five nice flaking tools of antler from two and one-half to four and one-fourth inches in length; one very fine cutting instrument fashioned from a beaver tooth and about three inches long; seven broken-off antler tips intended ae a "stock supply" for arrow points or flaking tools when needed; and two paint stones of limestone burned to a reddish texture - in all twenty- six items, pipe included. All except the pipe arc illustrated on page 10.

The skull was removed intact - and beneath it lay the pipe where it had been placed near the right jaw. Four views of the pipe are had in the illustration on page 9. It is cut from reddish-brown, compact -grained sandstone, and is admirably and boldly executed. The pipe is two and five- eighth inches in height, two and one-fourth inches in diameter find may be considered "roundish" in cross-section. However, it is slightly oval with the greater diameter from the front to back. The bowl is one and one-eighth inches in diameter and practically two inches in depth. Workmanship in connection with the inner carving of the bowl is equally as good as that of the exterior. The interior of the bowl is slightly blackened, apparently from smoking. The stem hole tapers from one-half co throe-sixtoentha of an inch.

The pipe is outstanding not only from its numerous fine character­ istics but also from the story it mutely depicts regarding the stjle or method of cutting end wearing the hair. It is sculptured to denote the hair as cut and hanging in "bobbed fashion" on each side and entirely around the back of - 7 - the head. The outer layer of the hair at the back of the neck was bobbed, while the under layer in the same area i.7as bobbed about twice as long as that above and at the sides of the head. The hair on the top of the head was per­ mitted to grow long and evidently was divided into two queues. One of these was coiled around the top of the head (bowl), passing under the coil of the second queue, and the tip end extended to hand down to the back of the neck. The second queue, as stated^ was coiled into four convolutions, the coils of which pile of hair rise one-fourth of an inch above the rim of the bowl.

Another very interesting feature is the co-called "weeping eye" design beneath each eye. This unique design has been noted previously in Ohio, where it was carved on.objects of stone, bone and shell found at the Madisonville Village Site ^ of the Fort Ancient Culture. The same design has been noted on shell gorgets from the Temple Hound in , from mounds in Tennessee, " ' and from other southern states. An interesting viewpoint of the weeping eye design may be obtained by looking at the pipe upside down. In some instances the design appears in a somewhat different form - sometimes having three points downward.

An interesting sidelight in connection with the type and variety of artifacts found with this burial, is the similarity to two others which may bo mentioned at this time. One of these was a gravel kame (gravel Pit) burial about three miles northwest of Circlcville, discovered by Mr, H. R. McPherson in December, 1946. Noting a human skull exposed in the jravol bank, licPherson removed several objects along with the burial, including two triangular points, and one very fine triangular point almost four inches long, three notched arrow points, onu flint core-knife, three bone hair pins, four antler flaking tools, two broken-off antler tips, a fine beaver tooth • cutting instrument two inches in length, a fine ocean shell oval-rectangular gorget, perforated near each end, and almost three inches in length, and other miscellaneous objects. Other artifacts may well have been lost in the cave-down of the gravel bank before the discovery was made.

The Museum of Natural History reported an interesting discovery while excavating a Fort Ancient Culture mound on the Turpin Farm ^ in 1948. This burial was referred to as that of the "arrow maker?. The arrangement of the artifacts suggested that they had originally been carried in a pouch which had been placed at the right side of the head. This group consisted of flaking tools, two beaver tooth cutting tools, triangular arrow points, turkey leg-bone awls, abrading stones, eagle claw, antler tips, etc.

One will note several points of similarity in all three cases - those of flaking tools, triangular points, beaver tooth instruments, and antler tips. Perhaps they were all arrow makers.

The Schisler Pipe and the famed Adena Pipe, depicted on the front cover page, each in a remarkable manner tell something about the modes and customs of the prehistoric American Indian, The venerable arrow maker at Schisler's had done more than he realized.

x Ernest A. Hooton and Charles C. Willoughby, "Indian Village Site and Cemetry near Madisonville, Ohio," Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, Vol. 8, No. 1, 1920.

- 8 - THE SCHISLER PIPE

FULL SIZE OBJECTS ACCOMPANYING THE SCHISLER PIPE -* I.. . 2 Edgar Burke, M. D.., "Engraved Shell Gorgets," Journal of the Illinois State Archaeological Society.: Pages 7 - 17. July 1950.

3 William H. Holmes, "Art in Shell of the Ancient Americans," Second Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsoniam Institution, pages 179 - 305, 1883.

^ Charles M. Oehler, "Turpin Indians," Cincinnati Museum of Natural History, Report on the Archaeological Exploration of the Turpin Site, Hamilton County, Ohio, 1946 to 1949* 36 pages, December, 3-950. it it it it tr it it •>.- it IT W it

SPECIAL DISPLAY OF ARTIFACTS AT THE OHIO STATE MUSEUM

Through the very generous co-operation of the director and the Curator of Archaeology of the Ohio State museum, members of the Ohio Indian Relic Collectors Society are to have the opportunity to display specimens from their private collections during a special display at the Ohio State Museum, beginning on November 11, next.

A special area with suitable display cases will be set aside for this specific purpose and every member will have the op­ portunity to submit specimens for display during this time. A committee composed of representatives from the Ohio State Museum and the Ohio Indian Relic Collectors Society will handle the details. The subject will be discussed at the September 16th meeting of the Society nhen preliminary plans will be announced. Members are requested to give the matter consideration and prepare to submit specimens from their collections to the committee. Final de­ cision as to types of specimens, the number, and general suitablillty will be at the discretion of the committee.

Displays will be representative of the various types of artifacts to be found in Ohio. Collectors may be assured of adequate protection for their specimens during the display which will continue for about six weeks.

Exhibitors may obtain complete information from Dr. Gordon F. Meuser, chairman of the committee, or Mr, R. S. Baby, Curator of Archaeology of the Ohio State Museum.

NOTICE

The death of Clifford C. Andersen, of Fort Ancient, occurred on August 8, 1951. Mr. Anderson was well known for his work at the Fort ivneient village site and his creation of the museum near Fort Ancient in which he displayed his archaeological material. A biographical sketch of Mr. Anderson will appear in the October number.

- 11 - SPEARS. ARRCT7HEADS OR KTTvr.fi By V. E. Ladd. ±Cle in the Annual Re ort of the IAQ-7 ^^ ^ ^ ? Smithsonian Institution for Irlhy Th0fS "t^S LL:D" entitled "Arror-points, spearheads and knives of Prehistoric Times," whicn is very extensive and presents many examples of these artifacts m all materials in which they occur in many oarts of the world, I take the lioerty to quote from his report extensively in this artl Me, Many extensive articles have defined each article of flint, iron, cooper, hpSf18!! "** °.thSr aaterialB which TO™ cWPPed or wrought into snaars, arrow­ heads knives or other weapons or tools by our forerunners on this and other con­ tinents. All of this and a great deal more is so fully covered in this report that it would seem hardly necessary to elaborate on this subject, or to attempt U ^\°ie °n ^ Subj\CL> e™;pt t0 cal1 attention to the report and to quote from it, as the report is not readily available, except perhaps in the larger libraries. A VG ecul ar a+ *. fy P i type of arrow point called Trenchant-Transversal is broadest at the cutting end, and sharpened not unlike some gunflmts, at the a a, i snd for the shaft, and at the broad end, like a flared chisel for a tip. T^e ertPes are rough and no attempt has been made to smooth them. Several specimens are shown «°™ II af'r°'vV g^1?' &nd ** ^^ or chisels, preserved in horn handle and in arrowohafts Examples arc mentioned where they have been found in the vertebra and thu tibia or an early man. They arc found in caches in many European countries and Sanda,r;°U3,S1ZeS%SnaL1 °n0Ufh t0 bG USJd as biwlPoint arrows. Those found in the Scandinavian countries were large enough to have been held in the hand as a hatchet, excluding them by their size from having boon used as arrorjpoints. They have also been reported from Egypt and other African countries. On plate #39 of this report there are sh.wn, two specimens from Chirieui, Panama, although there seems to be nothing m the text mentioning this continent.

al Cl t0 USC arr V; r,lth a broad cd hG the JH n??f J f ^ °1 5 ° ****** e°> also cites the use of flints from the roughest turtleback or flake to the finest arrow and spear shapes, as knives, and many other deviations from suoposcd uses which give them the names we commonly know them by. Socketed spears of iron, from earlsT cemetries of Armenia with sockets folded not unlike 'the Wisconsin copper spears, also ridged in the nr*ner for re-inforcement are also shown- in many shaped and' in various stages of preservation. *^ Also mentioned, is an article on superstitions concerning the origin of arrowheads and other stone implements which were believed to have fallen from the SesnU -M T~ P°S£3Sfd ffOTC charms by nearly all races of the world, at certain stStlaJr^+i SfT ° l]-iuft^to, that they, by not knowing the origin were sub­ stantiating the antiquity of thes; objects. Spears of man- kinds of stone are men- li^lST,^ '"2 tht flint or other material more adaptable was easily obtainable, or at least was obtainable and not used presented a mystery. The fact -hat a cer ' tain material was used, as argillite was in certain locadilies Is about tleon^" argument lor a culture, but it is a very good one. 7 ™>- ?uarrj-es °* f3^1* Kfe f "tioned at great length, and our Flint Ridge is given greao ere cat ana pictured; also many great mines which have been discovered

1 2 d0 to dd to or Slibt greagreas„ ea Sort^but^'tpn"report, but to tell -"'in m' y ow' n word"2 s ^wha^t it bring^ s to me. ^ct from, so

- 12 - INDAIN GORGET BEARS 1704 DATE

By. B. E. Kelley

One of the most extraordinary archaeological finds ever made in Ohio came to light in December, 1934, when a stone gorget bearing the date 1704 was found in an Indian Burial in Fayette Couity. The find •was made by workme . who were removing gravel from a pit on the Charles Cooper farm in northeastern Fayette County, and the gorget is now in the Ohio State Liuseum, at Columbus, where it may be seen along with other interesting archaeological treasures. I turned the stone over to the Museum a few days after it was found.

With the burial, also was a tubular pipe as well as a shell spoon. The skeleton was one of a score or so found in the pit over a period of years. The skeleton of a dog was found with one Indian Burial.

The skeleton with which the gorget was buried \ias well preserved and was found some 30 inches beneath the surface, resting directly upon the top of the gravel deposit. Several workmen were present when the un­ usual find v/as made, including Verner Knapp and Gene Leach, both of Washington C. H., who were employes of the State Highway Department.

When I heard that a dated stone had been found, I immediately contacted the man who had it in his possession, and he readily gave it to me so it could be preserved. I turned it over to the Ohio State Archaeo­ logical and Historical Society, on December 12, 1934. Dr. Emerson. F. Greenman, Curator of Archaeology at that time, made a special trip to "'ashington C. H. to obtain the specimen.

When the dated gorget came into my possession, I immediately examined it under a glass, and found the date on the stone, apparently cut with the point, of a knife or other sharp instrument, was coated with a mineral deposit, proving that the date had net been cut on the stone after it was found. The men who made the find all agreed that the date was on the stone when it was first seen by them.

The gorget, with a hole drilled part way through it, and with the date clearly showing, is pictured herewith. It is about three inches long, two and one-half inches wide and one-fourth inch in thickness. The tubular pipe, as nearly as I can recall, was about five inches in length and from an inch to an inch and a half in diameter at the larger end, and was made from a grayish-colored stone. I do not recall the shell spoon sufficiently "well to give a description of it.

I learned that all of the other skeletons had been buried on the top of the gravel deposit with the exception of one, and it was five or six feet under the surface. It was also reported that a copper bracelet and several other artifacts had been removed from the pit at various times, The general circumstances which attended the burial, as well as the artifacts in connection therewith, indicate that it was a so-called "Gravel Kane Burial," a type frequently encountered in Ohio. These are more similar to the Adena than other cultures - jet variations are noted which make them somewhat unlike any well-defined culture.

The dated stone and tubular pipe were close together when found. Both the pipe and shell spoon were later destroyed in a fire which con- - 13 - sumed the ho'iX3 of Clarence Sheeley, former superintendent of state highways in Fayette County, vrtio took possession of these two specimens aft-r their discovery.

Mr, Cooper reported that a pottery vessel had been found in the same pit at one time, but that it had been shattered with a pick and the pieces cast aside. He said that the vessel was tall and large and had some type of design or scroll on its surface.

Dr. Greenman took charge of the skull and other portions of the skeleton associated with the gorget and they were take to the Ohio State Museum.

In commenting on the finding of the dated gorget, Dr. Greenman, in an article which appeared in "museum Echoes," (an official publication issued by the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society), Volume 8, March, 1935, said:

"It is similar in form, material and workmanship to others which have been found in burial mounds, cemeteries and village sites, in Ohio and elsewhere, but never before has there been such certain indication that this type of gorget was used in historic times. The face shown contains two partly finished holes one and three-fourths inches apart.

The finding of this dated gorget, while providing le­ gitimately enough Ohio's earlies known historic date, does not necessarily indicate the event which at first thought seems to have been the only possible one - that a white man was present when an Indian died in 1704 near Washington Court House, and that the white man at that time inscribed the date. So far as the actual evidence goes, the inscrip­ tion may have been made in 1704 in Quebec or Detroit, the Indian owner dying later in Ohio. On the other hand there is nothing against the presence of white men in Ohio as early as 1704. When Cadillac v/as urging Louis XIV to permit the establishment of a fur post at Detroit, about 1790, he claimed that the Indians of that region were hunting as far as 600 miles to the south of Lake Erie, and that the Detroit post would divert that fur traffic away from the English of Nov; York to the French. There are records to show that the Ottawa and Huron around Detroit in 1708 were sending war parties to Tennessee and beyond, and it is highly probable that these parties and hunting expeditions were accompanied, and even directed by Frenchmen."

At any rate the gorget was found in a gravel kame burial near Washington Court House 230 years after the date had been carved upon it.

- 14 -

ATLATL HOOK FROM INDIANA

ATLATL HOOK FROM OHIO A BONE ATLKTL HOOK FROM OHIO

By. H. R. McPherson.

The atlatl hook and the atlatl weight constitute a subject whietL presents a growing interest among archaeologists of the country* Theories ate being evolved as to their method cf usage and their pur­ pose - seme of which rather puazie, if not even confound the amateur who listens to these theories with a bit of reservation.

Numerous excavations have been made in Kentucky sites by the Department of Anthropology, University of Kentucky, under the direction of Professor William S. Webb, Frequently the atlatl hook has been found with burials in the villages - aometimea in alignment with stone objects which appear to have served as weights for the throwing stick or spear thrower.

In his report on excavating in "The Read Shell LiLdden," in Butler County, Kentucky, Prof. Webb says in part:

":iuch interest attaches to the occurrence in graves in the Archaic of antler hooks, antler handles, perforated prismoidai stones and flat stone bars. These artifacts con­ stitute the atlatl complex of traits, relative to which much evidence has been accumulated in recent years.

It has been demonstrated that these artifacts frequently occur in grave association, associated with each other in such position of alignment as to indicate that they were parts of the same atlatl or throwing stick, or spear thrower. Also it is well demonstrated that frequently, among the shell mound people, before these artifacts were placed in the grave, the atlatl was broken into parts and the parts piled side by side in the grave. It hd.s also been demonstrated that sometimes atlatls were placed in the grave pit before the placement of the body as well as sometimes being placed on top of the body and after the body was put in the grave pit.

At this site, for the first time are found geniculate forms of so-called banner stones, two perforated and one not perforated, two broken and one seemingly not quite finished, all of which seem to be designated as atlatl weights, ill though not found as burial association, yet two of these stones seem to have been broken, even as the prismoidai form, of Y/hich 14 broken pieces were found in the general digging. In view of the evidence presented oj these three specimens, it is difficult not to believe that at this site geniculate forms of so-called banner-stones were used as atlatl weights."

- 17 - Be that as it may, there is yet much to be learned about the actual identification and usage of the atlatl -weight. Time may answer the question as to what types and how many of the so-called "ceremonial objects" were or were not employed as atlatl weights and collectors watch and listen with much interest to discussion of the subject.

Consequently, it seems rather timely to recount an episode in which the writer figured about eight years ago - at a time when the subject of the atlatl had not yet. attained the prominence of today. Perhaps the best and most appropriate method torecount this happening will be to quote an article, written by Robert Goslin, .and published in "American Antiquity," Vol. 10, Number 2, October, 1944, The article reads:

"Since there appears to be no record, of c:n atlatl hook from Ohio, it may be of interest to note the finding of a specimen in a rock shelter. This shelter is located under a sandstone bluff in the north­ west one-fourth of Section 15, Goodhope Township, Hocking County, Ohio. It faces east, overlooking the Hocking River, and is just west of U. S. Route 33, and Brushy Fork, which flows into the Hocking River at this place. The shelter is about thirty feet long and fifteen feet from the front to the bad: wall. The floor has been previously dug over, a con­ dition which has existed as least since 1927, when it was first seen by the writer.

On March 28, 1943, Mr. H. R. McPherson, of Columbus, and the writer visited the shelter and examined a portion of the floor near the back wall. In the disturbed dirt, at a depth of about two feet and a few inches from the back wall, a section of a deer antler tip was found by Mr. McPherson and given to the writer. The specimen was en­ crusted with sand, but examination revealed that the large end had been cut off and bore a drilled hole. The object was broken when found but the two pieces -were together and constitute the complete specimen. The only other objects found were a few animal bones and mussel shells and one small, grit-tempered piece of pottery.

When the encrusted sand was removed from the specimen, a knob was found cut into the curved surface of the antler 30 mm. (approximately one and one-fourth inches) from the tip. The cutting around the sides and in front of the knob had flattened the surface of the antler at this point. The lenob was slightly rounded off rather than pointed. The large end of the antler was cut off smooth and a cone- shaped hole with diameters of 15 mm. (Approximately three-fifths inch) and lOrara. (approximately two-fifths inch) was drilled 82mm. (approxi­ mately throe and one-fourth inches) into the base of the specimen. The hole thus extended slightly less than half the length of the entire specimen, which is 172mm. . (approximately six and three-fourths inches) long. There was no smoothing or working, other than the notch and the hole, on the surface of the antler. This atlatl hook is similar to specimens reported from the Chiggerville Site Z and the Cypress Creek Villages 3 in Kentucky and from the Bluff Creek Site Lu° 59 in Alabama ^.

- 18 - These sites are considered by vJebb to belong to an early archaeological horizon. While the cultural and chronological position of the Ohio specimen is not known, it may be as old as those referred to from the south."

~~£ W, S. Webb, "The Read Shell Midden," Reports in .anthropology University of Kentucky, Vol. VII, No. 5, Pages 357 - 401, 1950. .

2 W. S. Webb and '7. G. Haag, "The Chiggerviile Site," Reports in Anthropology, Publications of the Department of ,\nthro- pology and Archaeology, University of Kentucky, Vol. IV, Number 1, 1939.

3 W. S. Webb and W. G. Haag, "Cypress Creek Villages," Reports in Anthropology, Publications of the Department of Anthro­ pology and Archaeology, University of Kentucky, Vol. IV, No. 2, 1940.

A- W. S. Webb and D. L. Dejarnette, "An Archaeological Survey of Pickwick Basin in the Adjacent Portions of the States of Alabama, , and Tennessee," Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 129, Washington, 1942.

ATLATL HOOK FROM INDIANA

By H. C. Wachtel

The Atlatl hook from Indiana pictured in this issue was formerly in the Joseph Gehringer collection of Indianapolis, Indiana. For many years he v/as on the quest of a hook from his state and a few years prior to his death he was able to procure one on the Clarks- viile Village Site. It was not too far from his home and found in Hamilton County.

The material is antler. Approximately 5/8" in diameter and approximately 4 1/2" in length. It was evidently longer originally as the socket end has been broken off to the bottom of the lengthwise drilled hole. There is a faint trace of pitch in the tip end of the hole. Pitch was sometimes used to assist in holding hook on to the wooden shaft.

This type of atlatl hook has been encountered frequently by Prof. Webb and others in Kentucky and the Tennessee Basin. Sec reports in Anthropology, Volume IV, Number 1, The Chiggerviile Site, Ohio County, Kentucky, March, 1939.

- 19 - BALL BANI^RS by Fred Bartol, Warsaw, Ind. Ever since having been asked by LIr. Wachtel to furnish a picture of ray collection of ball banners, I have been wondering where the ball banner left off and the tube began. Since even Knoblock seem in doubt, I am showing pictures of both and let every one decide for himself.

Page 21 All banners on this page are of green slate (banded). Top row - Left to right. 1-2 1/4" x 2 1/2". From liiami County, Ohio. A very fine specimen. One of two in my collection which is not fluted. 2-2 1/4" x 2 1/4". From Elkhart County, Indiana. 3 - 2" x 2 1/2", From Ohio. County unknown. Payne collection. 4-1 1/2" x 2". From Ohio, County unimown. Payne collection.

Second Row - Left to Right. 1-1 5/8" X 1 5/3". From Preble County, Ohio. 2-1 1/4" X 1 3/4". From Indiana. County unknown. 3-1 1/4" x 1 1/2". Locality unknown. Payne Collection, 4-1 1/2" x 1 1/2". From Darke County, Ohio. 5-1 3/4" x 1 3/4". From Decatur County, Ohio. Third Row - Left to Right. 1-1 3/4" x 1 3/4". From Johnson County, Lichigan. 2-1 1/2" x 1 1/2". From Allegan County, Lichigan. 3-1 1/2" x 2". From Washington County, Lichigan. 4-1 1/2" x 1 3/4". Locality unknown. Payne collection. Fourth row - Left to Right. 1-13/4x2 1/4". From Preble County, Ohio. 2-1 3/4" x 1 3/4". From Posey Counts, Indiana. 3-1 1/2" x 2". Locality unknown. Payne collection. 4-1 3/4" x 2 1/4". From Logan County, Ohio. Fifth Row - Left to Right. 1-1 3/4" x 2''. From Clark County, Ohio. 2-1 3/4" x 1 3/4". From Ohio. County unknown. Payne Coll. 3-1 3/4" x 1 3/4". From Union County, Ohio. 4-1 3/4" x 2".. From Ohio. County unknown. Payne Coll.

- 20 - •Wi

I

Page 22

All the stones on opposite page are of green banded slate.

Top row - Probably better classified as tubes than as ball banners. All are fluted except the one in the center.

Left to Right 1-1 3/4" x 2 1/2". From Montgomery County, Ohio. 2-1 3/4" x 2". From Boone County, Indiana. 3-1 i/S" x 1 7/8". Locality unknown. Payne Coll. Small hole 3/16 Dia. 4-1 3/8" x 1 7/8". From Scioto County, Ohio. 5-1 1/2" x 2 1/4". From Kosciusko County, Indiana.

Center. Top - 1" x 4". Locality unknown. Dr. Bunch collection. Center - 1 i/2" x 8". From Indiana. County unknown. Dr. Bunch Coll. Lower left - 1 1/4" x 3 l/4". From Kosciusko County, Indiana. Lower right. 1 1/4" x 2 1/2". From Kosciusko County, Indiana.

Lower row - Triangular Tubes. Left - 1 1/4" x 3". From Wayne County, Indiana. Center - I 1/4" X 2 1/4". From Indiana. County unknown. Dr. Bunch coll. Right - 1 i/2" x 2 5/8". From Delaware County, Indiana.

SPECIAL A N r 'OUNCE 11 S N T Indiana Meeting October 7, 1951 A special invitational meeting has been arranged by Mr, Robert Graham of Richmond, Indiana to be held at lis estate approximately 5 utiles southwest of Richmond, Indiana. See accompanying sketch. Sell, trade, talk and have a good time. Plenty of camping space or can sleep a dozen at cabin if vjciy wish to come Saturday. No place like it. Lunch will be served at noon for those desiring. Lets give our Indiana friends a nice turn-out. • Please notify Mr. Robert E. Graham, 532 Main St., Richmond, Indiana by post card if you will attend and desire lunch so he can make proper arrangments,

- North n S3 1 U. S. 40 . Richmond, Indiana.

\ - East S

Jrahama l^

23 - Representative Group of Artifacts from Harold Engle Collection, Washington C. H., Ohio

Bet. «ep Row - Left to Right. 1 - Ball banner from DeKalb County, Indiana. 2 - Two hole gorget - Miami County, Ohio. 3 - Adena Gorget - Franklin County, Ohio. 4 - Two hole gorget - Ohio. From Dr. Bunch Coll. 5 - Adena gorget - Ross County, Ohio. 6 - Four hole gorget - Fayette County, Ohio. 7 - Two hole gorget - Hocking County, Ohio. 8 - Two hole gorget - Fayette County, Ohio.

Second Row - Left to Right.

1 - Tube banner - Clinton County, Ohio. 2 - Four hole gorget - Pickaway County, Ohio. 3 - Knobbed Crescent - ?z-eble County, Ohio. 4 - Butterfly banner - Fayette County, Ohio. Etched. 5 - Pick type banner - Miami County, Ohio,

Third Row - Left to Right.

1 - Hump type banner - Fayette County, Ohio. 2 - Three hole gorget - Benton County, Indiana. 3 - Shield pendant - Butler County, Ohio. 4 - Shield pendant - Clinton County, Ohio, 5 - Anchor pendant - Huron County, Ohio. 6 - L Banner - Calhoun County, Indiana. 7 - Pick type banner - Williams County, Ohio. 8 - Slate - Franklin County, Ohio.

The bottom row of flint was all found in south central Ohio.

- 24 -

Illustrated on opposite page are 37 artifacts from the general collection of Chas. Kisling, Washington C. H., Fayette Co., Ohio.

1 - Turtle shaped gorget, banded slate. Frank Sharp collection. 2 - Plain slate pendant. Highland County, Ohio. 3 - Gray brown banded slate gorget - Franklin County, Ohio. 4 - Five hole gorget. Plain gray slate. Wood County, Ohio. 5 - Plain dark gray slate pendant. 2 1/2" base, 7" long, very thin. Highland Co.O. 6 - Banded slate gorget. 2 holes, groove between holes and notched at one end. Allen County, Ohio, 7 - Banded slate pendant. Newark, Ohio, 8 - Pendant. Warren County, Ohio. 9 - Camel back. No holes. Banded slate. Orient, Ohio. Finley Collection, 10 - Gorget. Fin or ridged back. Banded slate. 2 holes. Preble County, Ohio. 11 - Gorget. 2 holes. Erie County, Johnston Collection. Slate. 12 - Banded slate crescent. Hole started. Fayette County, Ohio. 13 - Hematite plummet. Scioto County, Ohio. 14 - Bead banner. Gray granite. Fort Recovery, Ohio. 15 - Bead banner. Banded slate. Fayette County, Ohio. Lry first. Have owned for many years. 16 - Ball banner. Banded slate. Formerly in Dr. Kramer collection. 17 - Ball banner. Banded slate. Purchased from Frank Sharp. Very fine. 18 - Tube pipe. 5 l/2" long. Gray Ohip pipestone. London, Ohio. 19 - Banded slate. Pear shaped banner. Ross County, Ohio. 20 - Banded slate ball banner. From K. Lennington. 21 - Banded slate ball banner. Fulton County, Indiana. 22 - Banded slate ball banner. Madison County, Ohio, 23 - Finely polished, hard stone bead. Lucas County, Ohio. 24 - Hematite pluiimet. Missouri. 25-4 1/2" banded slate tube. Henry County, Illinois. 26-2 3/4" banded slate tube. Preble County, Ohio. 27 - Banded slate. Gray. Butterfly. Monroe County, Michigan. Boudeman Coll. 28 - Banded slate tube. Franklin County, Ohio. Alum Creek. 4 3/4 " long. 29 - Plain slate pick. Franklin County, Ohio. 30 - Gray flint blade. Pike County, Mo. 31 - Black serrated spear. 3 1/2" long. Clinton County, Ohio. 32 - Triangular spear. Bold bevel. Deep notched. Pickaway County, Ohio. 33 - . 1 1/2" x 4 1/2". Fayette County, Ohio. Surface find by Russell Beatty in 1922 while plowing and given to me. This piece was found near the place of my birth and I prize it very highly. Plain gray flint and rare for this locality. 34 - Brown spear. Perry County, Illinois. 35 - Blade. 7" x 3". Penna. 36 - Gray turkey tail blade. 6" long. Jersey County, Illinois. 37-2 1/2" x 6" black blade. Flint ridge material. Fayette County, Ohio.

- 27 - MEMBERSHIP ROSTER of 0. I. R. C. S.

Adair, G. E., Continental, Ohio. Adams, J. J., 2925, Staunton Rd., Huntington, W. Va. Alam, Emil, 140 Station St., Aliquippa, Penn. .: Allison, Roland, Reach Road, Deer Isle, Maine. Amstutz, Maynard, Harlan, Indi.ana. Atkinson, Edw., 270 Orchard Lane, Columbus 2, Ohio.

*Baby, Raymond S,, Ohio State Museum, Columbus, Ohio. Baird, Clarke B,, 407 Schleckier St., Bucyrus, Ohio. Barker, Omar, Newbury, Indiana (Green County) Barrett, Mrs. Vernon, Box 30+, Chiliicothe, Ohio. Bartol, Fred 0., 425 Buffalo St., Warsaw, Indiana. Bauer, Clifford H., 2866 E. 13th Ave., Columbus, Ohio. Beaudoin, Kenneth L., 779 Garland St,, Memphis, Tenn. Beck, Norman W., 605 W. Main, Columbia, Illinois, Bennet, Dr. Paul E,,'l?64 11th St., Portsmouth, Ohio. Bitzer, Willard, Washington C. H., Ohio. #Black, Glenn A., Angel Mounds, Newburgh, Indiana. Blosser, Orville A., R. R. ,'/l, North Lima, Ohio. Blue, Don J., 613 Seventh St., Marietta, Ohio. Booth, Harry, R. R. #2, Franklin, Ohio. Bortel, Bob, Grand Rapids, Ohio. Burdett, Frank G., 112 S. Main St., Springfield, Ohio. Bur.nsworth, Ralph W.,1U2 Broad..St. N. If.Canton, Ohio. Byrd, Opie, Bo;: 237, Marked Tree, Arkansas.

Campbell, William, Curtis Hotel, Mt. Vernon, Ohio. Carlson, A. B. 455 N. Hambden St., Chardon, Ohio. Carroll, George, 336 Boyce St., Urbana, Ohio. Chamberlain, Joseph M., 261 If, Columbus St., Mt. Sterling, Ohio, *Chapman, Earl H., University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. Chevalley, Edward A., 4801 W. Third St., Dayton 7, Ohio. Clucus, Frank, 2270 Indianola Ave., Columbus, Ohio, Cluff, Bernard, 1759 B, Main St., Columbus, Ohio. Coates, Gordon C, 923 13th Ave., South, St. Petersburg, Florida. Collingwood, Frank J„, 118 First St., Findlay, Ohio. Collins, David R,, 627 Snow Hill Blvd., Springfield, Ohio. Collins, George C, 627 Snow Hill Blvd., Spr_ngfield, Ohio. Cooperider, C. W., 11/ E. 19th St., Cndianapolis 2. Indiana, Copeland, Rev. Glen E., 112 M. Western Avr*., Springfield, Ohio. Copeland, Dr. Stanley G., 1138 Ec Whittier St., Columbus 6, Ohio, Corbett, G. H., 120 Burns Ave,, Wyoining, Cincinnati lp, Ohio. Cox, Hubert E., 2760 E. Fifth Ave., Colunbus 3, Ohio.' Craver, Robert E., 17 W. Grand, Springfield, Ohio. Creeper, Charles T., R. R. -"1, Cortes Rd., 3ra.der.ton, Florida.

Dale, Donald P., 413 Shepherd St., Bonne Terre, Missouri. #Dellinger, S. C, Univeroity of Arkansas. F?.yetteville, Arkansas Diamond, Walter V., Bex 11, Luca.iville, Chio, Diehl, John A., 32. Avnell, Cincinnati 1$, Chio. Dieikue, Mrs., Geo. W., R P., #1, Be* 147, Windsor, California. Diliey, Gilbert W., 630 Weber, Akron 3., Onio,

- 28 - Domoney, Raymond B., Box 25, Lakeside, Ohio (1153 Bryville Circle, Sarasota, Double, Russell, 1133 E. Pershing St., Salem, Ohio. Dougherty, Irvin S., Paoli, Indiana. • Downey, R. W., 321 Bellaire, Springfield, Ohio. Downs, Nuel L., R. R. #1, Heyworth, Illinois. Dunn, Mrs. Thelma, 1025 S. West St., Findlay, Ohio. Dunn, N. L., 1025 S. West St., Findlay, Ohio.

Edwards, J. H., 2962 Winters Rd., Huntington 2, W. Va. Eisele, Walter, 15 Ivestor Lane, Arcanum, Ohio. •••>**. . k * -, ' *Ellis, H. Holmes, 212 Hampton Ave., Grand Rapids, Michigan. ' - Nt \ Ely, Elvey E., Mt. Orab, Ohio. Engle, Harold, R. R. #5, Washington C. H., Ohio. Evans, 0. D., 707 Pierce Bldg., St. Louis,2, Liissouri. -. . . ETjbank, Ben, R. R. #1, Ashland, Ohio. 1 - . V '• . Faben, Walter W., 302 S. East Ave., Montpelier, Ohio. Fecht, William, 3046 Alby St., Alton, Illinois. Finley, V. L., Ill E. Columbus St., Mt. Sterling, Ohio. Fogg, Agnes S., 150 So. Middle Neck Road, Great Neck, N. Y. Forwalter, Dr. Maurice, 121 W. Main St., Van Wert, Ohio. •K-Fowler, Melvin L., Illinois State Museum, Springfield, Illi nois.

Gabringer, Bernard F., 400 S. Washington St., Tiffin 12, Ohio. Garrette, Kenneth, R. R. #4, Urbana, Ohio. Glenn, Harley W., 2011 W. Devon Rd., Upper Arlington, Columbus 2, Ohio. Gordon, Harvey E., Box 66, Pattenville, Missouri. Goslin, Robert H., 316 Wilson Ave., Columbus 5, Ohio. Graham, R. E., 901 W. Main St., Richmond, Indiana, Grahek, Joseph, 762 N. Walnut., Alliance, Ohio. *Greenman, Dr. E. F., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. #Griffin, James B., University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. #Guthe, Carl E,, New York State Museum, Albany, N. Y.

Haines, Fred, 321 N. Main St., Miamisburg, Ohio. Hallock, M. 0., 125 N. Court St., Medina, Ohio. Hassler, Henry, 200 25th Ave., N., Nashville, Tennessee. Hicks, L. ',7ard, 70 E. Pearl St., Greenwood, Indiana. Hill, Malcolm H., 617 S. Washington St., Alexandria, Va. Hill, Prof. Victor D., 193 E. State St., Athens, Ohio. Hirzel, Eugene, 1632 N. Glenross Blvd., Toledo, Ohio. Hoff, Buddy, R. R. #1, Cortez Rd., Bradenton, Florida. Hogue, John, R. R. #5> Coshocton, Ohio. Householder, Jack, 5043 Primrose, Indianapolis, Indiana. Hubacher, Fred, 1717 Harthshorne Ave., E. , Ohio. Holt, Wm. P., 319 S. Summit St., Bowling Green, Ohio.

Isaacs, C. Huston, Woodridge Park, R. R., Terre Haute, Indiana.

Jarrette, Wade, Rochester, Indiana. Jensen, William H., Browns Valley, Minn. Johnston, LaDow, 2001 Toledo Trust Blgd., Toledo 4, Ohio. Jones, A. L., 306 East St., Three Rivers, Michigan. Jones, Allen, Box 707, Marked Tree, Arkansas. Jones, Lamont, R. R. #1, Waterville, Ohio. Jorzick, Henry, 227 "K" St., Dayton 9, Ohio. - 29 - Kallaher M. J., 5331 Brandon Rd., Toledo 7, Ohio. e e 1 W S tti St Ke Ue v' £.*** | ^ ;j?^ " Washington C. H., Ohio £W^^ «., oh,. Kerr, William W., Box 131, Grand Rapids, Ohio. liefer, Cnas. W., 313 1/2 Caldwell St., Piqua, Ohio. Kientz, Philip, 788 S. Fifth St., Columbus? Ohio Kislmg Chas. L., 228 Oakland Ave., Washington C. H. Ohio ..ruger, 0. H,, 1035 Superior Ave,, Dayton 7, Ohio. Ladd, Vaughn E., 1715 Georgia St., Toledo 13, Ohio. LaDassor Gray, 3416 Lucas-Hunt Road, St. Louis, Missouri Lairo, Thomas J., 248 1/2 Fifth St., Elyria, oVo Lambert, Floyd A., 1631 Mattic Road S. E R P «* ra,tm nM Latham, Roy, Orient, Long Island, New York! *' *' 0hX°' iZSF^^'i 3ll "^ tT" *" "*»*i^ Ohio. *TVu ' /n T* "- L" Un-vel,sity of Tennessee, Knoxville Tenn Lloyd, Billy Bert, 307 E. Boyce Ave., Covin-ton, Tennessee L^V^? fc, 32 EVDeshl-Vcoiumbus 6 OMo? ' Long C. P., 1233 ifccmgan Ave., Cincinnati 8, Ohio. 6 6 G£U dens LjnchS , CnalmerChaTS^^Vv", *163 E. Morga-^ n *Ave." , Evansville' > Greencastle, Indiana, , Indiana. Mahan, Dr. A. C., 36 Euclid Ave., Willoughby, Ohio Mahan, Walter A., 36 Euclid Ave. Willou'hbv Ohio Mast, Allen, 439 Euclid Ave., Springfield, Ohio. H 0ld 15 AW Meiners;S"s , 3d.^ , 4*VD3o Firs°It tSt . **£*, Wood *River,- Illinoi&***•s» *, Ohio. Meuser, Dr. Gordon F., 2248 Summit St., Columbus, Ohio Miller, Dan J., 1160 Magnolia, Denver/colorado/ Kj* ^l H-'/32 Thurston Ave., Bowling Green, Ohio. Minck, J. Francis, Cecil, Ohio. Minshall, C. B., Kingston, Ohio. Minter, Ray, R. R. #3, Kenton, Ohio. Mohrman, H.W., 92 Longview Dr., Longmeadow, Mass. Uontelius, Ruth E., R. R. #i, Clrcleville, Ohio. Mooney, p. Freeman, Mt. Sterling, Ohio. Moore, Corner E„ 1623 Linden Ave., Portsmouth, Ohio Morse, Dr. Dan, Box 60, Peoria, Illinois. ' Motz, Lee F., 353 17. Eighth St., Columbus, Ohio. arozoski, Vincent R., 219 Main-Ave, West Aliquipoa Pe-m MuUis, Thomas, Scotland, Indiana. *"WPA* Peon. mcBeth, Donald, R. R. #1, Kingston, Ohio. MoCary, Ben C, Box 123, Williamsburg, Va. McKee^ Jess R R. #1 3ox 443B, Albuquerque, New Mexico. fera' "• c-> Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee Mac chnight, Norman, R. R. #2, Ashville Ohio. ' -XS°' McKnight, Paul, 31 Woodlawn Ave., Grove City, Ohio Mo Manus, James W„ Washington County, Below Ohio McNeal, Kenneth, 222 Lowes St., Dayton, Ohio' °™' McPherson, H. R., n16 Franklin Ave., Columbus 5 Ohio Hunger, Lynn, R. R. -3, Angola, Indiana. * * - 30 - Nelson, Walter, 1612 w. Jackson St., Muncie, Indiana. Nussbaum, Ben, Fairbury, Illinois. Nussbaum, Wilmer, Bellbrook, Ohio. O'Rear, Don, 332 S. 20th St., Terre Haute, Indiana.

Parks, Cameron, 300 S. YJalsh St., Garret, Indiana. Peabody Museum Library, Harvard University, Cambridge 38, Mass. PearcP., Clarence A., 1111 Oakwood Ave,, Dayton 9, Ohio... Pence, Donald L., 500 Mosegrove St., Urbana, Ohio. Pike, Frank J., 971?. 237th St., Cleveland 13, Ohio. Flatt, William, Station, Ohio. Pollock, James M,,'535'N. 6th St., Miamisburg, Ohio. • Porter, Thomas, R. R. #2, Frankfort, Ohio. ,!-•• \'\,J- Powell, Arthur, R. R. $L, Finlay, Ohio. ., -.:'••-

Quimby, George I., Chicago Natural History Museum, Chicago. 5y 111* . •"> Reilley, F. W. Jr.^'-R. R. #\s Milford Center, Ohio. Rice, Walter S., R. R. ;!:5, Ashland, Ohio. •^Ritchie, Wm. A., New'York. State Museum, Albany 1, N. Y. Rodachy, George S., 120 Irondale St., Elyria, Ohio. Rodee, David, 219 E. Dominion Blvd., Columbus 2, Ohio. Ross, Dr. Clarence C, 1105 Oak St.,' Columbus, Ohio. Ross County Historical Society, 45 W. 5th St., Chillicothe, Ohio. Rowe, Frank, 2120 Summit St., Portsmouth, Ohio. Rucker, Miss Suzanne, 9005 N. State Road, Y/csterville, Ohio. Rudolph, Elmer, 3520 Krather Rd, Cleveland 9, Ohio. Rutible, C. B., 2101 Harshman Blvd., Springfield, Ohio.

Schaeffer, Virgil, 620 Gas & Electric Bldg., Dayton, 2, Ohio. Schoenfeld, George, 403 Linden St., N. W., Massillon, Ohio. Schatz, David A., 2246 Townley Rd, Toledo 14, Ohio. Schumm, Lorenzo G., 303 "C" St., LaPorte, Indiana. •frSetzer, Frank M., Smithsonian Institute, 'Washington, D. C. Sheaf, Geo. P., 788 S. Fifth St., Columbus, Ohio. Sharp, Frank C, Kingston, Ohio. Sharp, Merle R., Kingston, Ohio. •K-Shotrone, H. C, 3038 Crescent Drive, Columbus, Ohio. Shipley, Frank, 38 Maple Dr., Columbus 4, Ohio. Shuman, Fred 3,, Box 91, Lowell, Ohio. Sigg, Lilton, R. R. 53, Napoleon, Ohio. Sims, Walter, W., 429 E. Beechwol.d Blvd., Columbus 14, Ohio. Small, Wm,, Loogooteo, Illinois. Smith, Chas. C, Modoc, Indiana. Smith, Chas. W., Rt. ;"1, Modoc, Indiana. Smith, Dr. Luther C, St. Paul, Indiana, Smith, Wm, A,, 65 N. Foster St., Norwalk, Ohio. Snyder, Stuart, 71 W. Franklin, Centerville, Ohio. Spade, Allen, 217 So. Main St., Clyde, Ohio. Spoon, Ernest L., R. R. !'2, MiPmisburg, Ohio. Sp.vague, Dr., W. V., Chauncey, Ohio. Stack, Guy, 5001 Nevada St., Nashville, Tennessee. Startz, Guy, 2030 S. 7th St., Terre Haute, Indiana. Stephens, 3. W., 815 Broadway, Quincy, Illinois. Stone, Judge Claude U., 210 W. Armstrong, Peoria, Illinois. Smith, Arthur G., 65 N. Foster St., Norwalk, Ohio Stuhlman, Dr. 0. H., R. R. #1, West Milton, Ohio. #Swauger, James L., Carnegie Museuu, 4400 Forbes St., Pittsburg 13, Pa.

Tharp, W. E,, Ludlow Road, Bellefontaine, Ohio. Thomas, Eugene, 305 Westwood Ave., Dryton 7, Ohio. Thompson, Russell, 515 McCubbing, Lexington, Kentucky, Tipton, Fred L., Williansport, Ohio. Titterington, P. F., 212 Metropolitan Bldg., St. Louis 3> Missouri. Throop, A. J., R. R. #5, Prospect Park, East St. Louis, Illinois. Townsend, Earl Jr., 23 Kenmore Rd., Indianapolis, Indiana. Townsend, Earl Sr., 21 Cather.vood Ave., Indianapolis, Indiana.

Ullman, Robert S., 2929 Woodway Rd., Dayton 5, Ohio. Utt, Elmer C, 3052 Hemlock Rd., Roanoke, Virginia.

Vietzen, Raymond C, 227 Temple Court, Elyria, Ohio. Vietzen, Mrs. Ruth, 227 Temple Court, Elyria, Ohio.

Wachtel, H. C, 307 Elmhurst Rd., Dayton 7, Ohio. Wachtler, Fred, Rt. ,!'l, Conneaut, Ohio. Wadlow, W. L., Dow, Illinois. Wakefield, Albert, lol M?nchester, loungstown, Ohio. Wakefield, T. D., Vermilion, Ohio. Wandtke, Carol W., 1362 Wildwood Rd., Toledo 9, Ohio. Ward, M. F., R. R. #1, Rome Georgia. Warner, David E., Howe, Indiana. Webb, David K., Jr., 53 Carlisle Hill, Chillicothe, Ohio. Webb, Mr. Patsy C., R. R. ^3* Loudonville, Oiiio. «Webb, Prof. W. S., University of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky. VJehner, Carl J., 227 Oak St., Dayton, Ohio. Wagner, Wm. H., 1645 Brownlee Ave,, Youngstown, Ohio. Weick, Robert W., Station C, Box 201, Toledo 7, Ohio. Wellons, Branson H., 2303 Locust St., Anderson, Indiana, Wertz, William V,, Rm, 52, National Bank Bldg., Portsmouth, Ohio. Wessel, Jack E., E. Main St., Centerville, Indiana. Whaley, J. K., 6340 N. Lake Dr., Milwaukee 11} Wisconsin, Wilder, Charles G., Kansas City Museum, 3218 Gladstone Blvd., Kansas City, Mo, Wilt, Jfiss Donne, 129 Prairie Ave., Springfield, Ohio. Wilt, Samuel S., 129 Prairie Ave,, Springfield, Ohio. Y/oodruff, Robert E., 835 '•'. Church St., Urbana, Ohio. ^-Woodbury, Richard B., University of Kentucky, Le;u.ngton, Ky, Worcester, William, 213 Furnace St., Elyria, Ohio.

York, Harrison, Box 123, S. Carrollton, Ky Young, Harold, Lucasville, Ohio. Young, Dr. T. Hugh, 1104 Bennie-Dillon Bldg., Nashville 3, Term. Youngblood, William, R. R. i'l, Lorain, Ohio. Zakucia, John A., 55 Highland Ave,, Struthers, Ohio. *-Zepp, Erwin C, Ohio State Museum, Columbus, Ohio. Zimmerman, Ed,, 102 N. Long St., Bonne Terre, Missouri. Zody, Don E., 223 Wooster Ave.,, Loudonville, Ohio. Zuber, Garret, R. R. #1, Antwerp, Ohio. Hall, Bruce, 336 Bungalow Road, Dayton 7, Ohio. Dumond, William A,, 671 Wilson Ave., Columbus, Ohio. If any corrections in names or addresses is noticed in above list please notify Mr. Ernest Spoon, R. R. #2, Miamisburg, Ohio so we have list up to date. - 32 - mmmmmm

BUFFINGTON ISLAND MOUND by H. R. McPherson.

The State of Ohio includes within its confines thousands of burial mounds and erected in the long ago by those "First Americans" the . Many, if not most, of the existing outstanding ex­ amples of these works are now included and preserved in the State Parks and Memorials under the custody of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society. Earthworks erected by the Hopewell peoples - such as the Newark works, Mound City, Seip Mound and others - and Adena examples such as the Great Miamisburg Mound, the Campbell Mound near Columbus and the Williamson Mound near Cedarville - are now publicly owned by the people in these State Parks and Memorials. The State of Ohio, through its Ohio State Museum, has pointed the way to others when it comes to preserving its archaeological heritage.

Included in the group of Adena mounds now within State Memorials, is a typical example of a more than average height, well-shaped, conical mound located quite near the , in Meigs County, about twenty miles east of Pomeroy. Its acquisition and inclusion in a State Park came about in this way.

In the winter of 1929 - 1930, the then County Representative and later the State Senator, the late Hon, Tom W, Jones of Middleport, in - troduced a bill in the 88th Ohio General Assembly to appropriate funds to erect a monument on the site of the battle of. Buffington Island in order to fittingly commemorate that episode in Ohio history. The Battle of Buffington Island was a brief, yet spirited engagement on July 19, 1863, between the Confederate Raiders under the leadership of Gen. John H, Morgan and the Union forces under the leadership of Gens. Henry Judah and Edward Hobson. This was the only engagement during the Civil War which was fought on Ohio soil. The forces under the leadership of Morgan had entered Ohio near the southwest corner of the state only a few days earlier and had been hurrying on a slashing foray across southern Ohio in an effort to cripple its morale and its ability to support the Union cause. Morgan had seen it wise to try to escape from Ohio at the ford across the Ohio River at Buffington Island - a well known island in the Ohio River. However, Union forces beat him to the spot and his opportun- nity to thus escape was cut off. He gave brief battle there and some of his forces were captured, yet the major portion of his contingent es­ caped to slash on northeastward across Ohio, where they were continusously harried and finally captured in Columbiana County a few days later. Gen. Morgan became a prisoner of war and confined in the State Penitentary only to escape in a short time and return to his nr.tive Southland where he again espoused the Confederate cause. But that is another story.

In order to accomplish the plan to commemorate this chapter in Ohio history, Representative Jones sought and obtained an appropriation of .'^3,000.00 which was made available to the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society in order to erect a suitable memorial. The Society was also authoriz ed to accept, as a gift, the real estate for the site. The Hon. Tom Jones and a number of citizens of Meigs County had been in­ strumental in cultivating public support for the proposal and had assisted in securing passage of the Bill.

- 33 - When time came to choose a site for the memorial it became the lot of the writer to advise with and assist the group from Meigs Couvty in making the choice. When the location was visited it was discovered that the battle had been so widely spread over the community-side that it was not possible to choose a "center." The group then took into consideration the proximity of Buffington Island, end the proposed right-of-way of the soon-to-be-con­ structed state highway which would pass at the front door of the location which seemed the best in the community. A deciding factor was the fact that a portion of the proposed area was ov/ned by members of the local sponsoring group, Judge and Mrs. C. E. Peoples, of Pomeroy, and they were more than willing to donate from their real estate. And fate was more than kind, for on this real estcte stood a noble example of an about twenty feet in height. Why not serve a double purpose - fittingly commemorate the Civil W: r Engagement and at th2 same time preserve this fine example of the works of the Adena People? No delay was encountered in making t,he final choice.

The within the park area is the central mound in a group of some three or more others, much smaller in size, all lying nearby yet out­ side the park confines.

Citizens ox Meigs County contributed to a fund to purchase an addition­ al acreage from other owners and the entire area was developed into a small state Memorial in the summer of 1931. The names of these contributors • ve perpetuated on a special bronze memorial erected within the park. The mound itself was restored to its original contour in order to efface the ravages of erosion as well as evidences of earlier tanperings by white "explorers" and the almost-to-be-expected "cup" in the top, which was most probably caused by the cave-in of the central structur within.

The monument itself, which commemorates the battle, was erected a few yards south of the mound. It is constructed of broken, glacial boulders, and stands about twenty feet in height. The monument is the work of Phillip Kientz, of Columbus,, a member of this Society and it will stand not only as the intended memorial, but also as a fitting example of the exquisite work­ manship of this artisan. The monument carries four bronze plates - one on each of its faces. One commemorates the battle in which Union gunboats assisted in the capture of about seven hundred of Morgan's forces; one cor.memorates the na.ie of Paymaster Major Daniel McCook, one of the "Fighting McCooks" of Carroll County, and who fell mortally wounded in the battle; another commemorates the name of the donors of the site; while the fourth commemorates the Mound Builders who lived, fought and died there.

The State Memorial was appropriately dedicated on October 1, 1933 Participating, in addition to the sponsors, were the G. A. R., Sons of Union Veterans, Daughters of Union Veterans, Daughters of the Confederacy and the D. A. R. The presence of the Governors of the Stat~s of West Virginia and Ohio - both of whom spoke - lent dignity to the auspicious occasion, Phillip Kientz and the writer each served on the Committee of Arrangments. This episode affecting Ohio history serves admirably to illustrate how the citizens of a community can step forward and militantly meet the-., challenge and do their bit toward preserving their historical heritage.

- 34 - THE BIRDSTONE, AN ENIGMA OF THE PREHISTORIC PAST. TTT

The area of the Great Lakes basin has produced a unique form 'of aboriginal artifact which has aroused the interest and admiration of not only the professional but also the amateur archaeologist as well as that of the collector. In form this artifact remotely suggests a bird, and is couTmonly referred to as the birds tone.

Made of a variety of pleasing materials, such as banded slate, porphyry,granite, and Ohio Pipestone, the birdstone must have been held in high esteem by their aborigix al owners as is manifest by the skill and execution of detail lavished on these forms by the aboriginal artisan. In the study of the evolution of the birdstone, one can limit the variety of forms to three basic forms which evolve into several distinct types. Basic form number one, which is the most common and most widely distributed is the elongated form. Basic form number two is the saddle form having eyes and usually made of porphyry or granite. In numbers it is less numerous than the elongated form. Basic form three is the bust form, being the rarest of all forms and is usually made of the harder stones.

In making his elongated forms, the artisan invariably utilized slate. Whether this indicates a preference for slate in the execution of this form, or a limitation in the availability of suitable material, or wether it indicated an early phase in the evolution of the birdstone, is not clear at this time.

In the saddle type birdstone, the primitive artisan reached the ultimate in perfection in the execution of detail as well as selection of material. For this form he selected appealing mottled hardstones, namely, porphyry, porphyricit feldspar, granite and occasionally slate. Most of these specimens have transverse ridges on the bottom side through which the perforations were made.

The artisan showed a preference for granite in making his bust type birdstone, although, in a few instances, he utilized Ohio pipestone, hematite, gneiss and sand­ stone. A majority of the specimens have eyes ranging from large protuberances to small nodes.

The terminal basal perforations in the birdstone would indicate a unique mode of attachment to some object or objects. Yet after a careful study of the perforat­ ions of hundreds of birdstones, one cannot exclude the possibility that these per­ forations had more than a utilitarian value, perhaps being symbolic of some concept in the aboriginal life.

The heart area of the birdstone was confined within the limits of northeastern Indiana, northwestern Ohio, southeastern Liichigan and the southermost part of Ontario. Ohio and Michigan produced the greatest number of birdstones, with the state of Indiana ranking third. In the southwestern part of the province of Ontario over 200 birdstones were found, with over forty of these coming from Middlesex County alone. A majority of the Ontario specimens fjatured various forms of protuberances.

What purpose the birdstone served in aboriginal life is purely conjectural, but indubitably, in the birdstone we have an expression in form an important concept in aboriginal life. Perhaps, its use was confined to members of an esoteric cult of the hunt, the hunt being of major importance in the aborigine's struggle for exist­ ence. The chronological position of the horizon that produced this unique cultural trait remains at this time unclear. Although several horizons are manifest in the bridstone area, the birdstone to date can be associated with the Archaic horizon and the early Woodland horizon, the finds being limited to a few elongated, fan-tail type specimens in Gravel Kame burials, and a few bust type specimens in Hopewell and - 35 - Adena mound burials. Recently, an excellent bust type specimen.was excavated from an Adena mound, the full report of which is soon to be published by Smithsonian Institute. At the present time only the locations of the birdstones on opposite page are given, but at some future date the detailed description of each birdstone will be submitted.

First row - left side. Second row.

1 - Eaton County, Michigan. 1 - De Kalb County, Indiana. 2 - Williams County, Ohio. 2 - Lorain County, Ohio. 3 - Kent County, Michigan. 3 - Huntington Co. Indiana. 4 - LaGrange County, Indiana. 4 - Lucas County, Ohio. 5 - Eaton County, Michigan. 5 - Butler County, Ohio. 6 - Ingham County, iMchigan. 6 - Richland County, Ohio. 7 - Allegan County, Michigan. 7 - Lorain County, Ohio. 8 - Allegan County, Michigan, 8 - Hancock County, Ohio.

Third row. Fourth row.

1 - Barry County, Michigan. 1 - Allegan County, Michigan. 2 - Erie County, Ohio. 2 - Miami County, Ohio. 3 - Gobies County, Michigan. 3 - Williams County, Ohio. 4 - Hillsdale County, Michigan. 4 - Knox County, Ohio. 5 - Sandusky County, Ohio. 5 - Williams County, Ohio. 6 - Portage County, Ohio. 6 - Geauga County, Ohio. 7 - Allen County, Ohio. 8 - Vigo County, Indiana.

A PENNSYLVANIA BIRDS TONE (Outside Cover Picture)

A supreme achievment of aboriginal skill, this unique birdstone is the ultimate in perfection as well as in the execution of detail. Its size as well as its beauty of material rank it among one of the finer birdstones found to date. Found in a region which is peripheral to the birdstone area, this birdstone poses one of those imponderable problems of distribution. It would be more indigenous in western Hew York, northwestern Ohio or Southern Michigan, than along the banks of the Monongahalia.

Shrouded in the mists of the primitive past, this birdstone offers mute evidence of a long faded era which would certainly fascinate us, were its mystery unravelled.

This porphyry birdstone of the "Saddle Type" was found on a terrace on the banks of the Monogahalia River in the vicinity of California, Penna., by Mr. Tony Premosh in 1884, while excavating a cellar for his new home. He passed it on to his grandson of New Eagle, Penna., who retained the birdstone until May 26, 1951 at which time I became the proud possessor of this magnifi­ cent birdstone. Mr. John A. Zakucia 55 Highland Ave., Struthers, Ohio.

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