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博士学位論文（東京外国語大学） Doctoral Thesis (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies) 氏 名 Purna Bahadur Kark

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博士学位論文（東京外国語大学） Doctoral Thesis (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies) 氏 名 Purna Bahadur Kark 博士学位論文（東京外国語大学） Doctoral Thesis (Tokyo University of Foreign Studies) 氏 名 Purna Bahadur Karki 学位の種類 博士（学術） 学位記番号 博甲第 227 号 学位授与の日付 2017 年 5 月 24 日 学位授与大学 東京外国語大学 博士学位論文題目 Post-war instability and Human Security in Nepal Name Purna Bahadur Karki Name of Degree Doctor of Philosophy (Humanities) Degree Number Ko-no. 227 Date May 24, 2017 Grantor Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, JAPAN Title of Doctoral Post-war instability and Human Security in Nepal Thesis POST-WAR INSTABILITY AND HUMAN SECURITY IN NEPAL By KARKI, Purna Bahadur Supervisor: Prof. FUJII, Takeshi An Academic Dissertation Submitted to the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Doctoral Program of Graduate School of Global Studies Tokyo University of Foreign Studies December 2016 Table of Contents Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................... 3 List of Abbreviations........................................................................................................................... 5 Glossary of Nepali Terms .................................................................................................................... 8 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 9 0.1 Background of the Study ............................................................................................................... 9 0.2 Academic Significance of the Study .............................................................................................. 13 0.3 Overview of the Methodology ...................................................................................................... 15 0.4 Theoretical Frameworks of Peace Building ................................................................................... 17 0.5 Outline of the Forthcoming Chapters ............................................................................................ 20 Chapter 1: Country Profile of Nepal ........................................................................................... 23 1.1 Geographical and Administrative Divisions of Nepal ......................................................... 23 1.2 Historical Overview of Nepal and Its Conflicts .................................................................... 24 1.3 Land Ownership and People .................................................................................................. 30 1.4 Economic Overview of Nepal During the Insurgency .......................................................... 31 1.5 Political Development of the Post Conflict ........................................................................... 35 Chapter 2: Literature Review ...................................................................................................... 39 2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 39 2.2 Post-Conflict Situation of Nepal ............................................................................................ 41 2.3 Root Causes of the Conflict .................................................................................................... 43 2.4 Background of Nepali Political Parties ................................................................................. 53 2.4.1 Political Behavior and Leadership ..................................................................................... 57 2.4.2 Democratization in Nepal ................................................................................................... 60 2.4.3 Political Parties and People ................................................................................................ 66 2.4.4 Development of Political Parties ........................................................................................ 72 2.4.5 Prospects for Nepali Politics ............................................................................................... 76 2.4.6 Social Structure ................................................................................................................... 82 2.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 86 Chapter3: The Maoist Insurgency and Conflict Resolution ...................................................... 94 3.1 History of the Maoist Party ................................................................................................... 94 3.2 Preparation for the Maoist People’s War .............................................................................. 95 3.3 The Maoist Insurgency ........................................................................................................... 99 3.4 Stakeholder Analysis ............................................................................................................ 110 3.5 Ongoing Conflicts in Nepal .................................................................................................. 118 3.6 Management of the Ongoing Conflicts in Nepal ................................................................ 122 3.7 Armed Conflict and the Peace Process in Nepal ................................................................ 125 3.8 Uniqueness of Nepal’s Peace Process .................................................................................. 133 3.9 Prospective Solution for the Peace-Building Process ........................................................ 136 3.10 The Recent Political Situation (2006-2016) ...................................................................... 138 3.11 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................... 143 Chapter 4: Peace Building in Nepal and Data Analysis .......................................................... 147 4.1 Peace Building in Nepal ....................................................................................................... 147 4.2 Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 151 4.2.1 Peace Building Assistance Needs ..................................................................................... 151 4.2.2 Capacity Building .............................................................................................................. 155 4.2.3 Do Ethnicity and Caste Cause Problems for Peace Building? ....................................... 160 4.2.4 Is Nepal Trapped in Contentious Politics? ...................................................................... 167 4.2.4.1 The Maoist Movement and its Relation with Indigenous Ethnic People ................... 168 4.2.4.2 Identity Politics .............................................................................................................. 172 4.2.4.3 Findings .......................................................................................................................... 176 4.3 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 177 1 4.4 Data Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 180 4.4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 180 4.4.2 Peace-Building Process: Need, Progress and Problems .................................................. 180 4.4.3 Connecting Freedom With Peace Building and Human Security .................................. 188 4.4.4 Political Leadership Saving Democracy .......................................................................... 193 4.4.5 Findings ............................................................................................................................. 196 4.4.6 Recommendations: Minimization of Conflicts and Successful Implementation of Peace Building Process ......................................................................................................................... 206 4.4.2 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 211 Chapter 5: Human Security in Nepal ....................................................................................... 212 5.1 Human Security .................................................................................................................... 212 5.2 Human Security and Peace Building .................................................................................. 217 5.3. Impacts of the Armed Conflict in Nepal ............................................................................ 222 5.4 Analysis ................................................................................................................................. 226 5.5 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................. 229 Chapter 6: Conclusion of this Study ......................................................................................... 234 Bibliography ...............................................................................................................................
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