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Arxiv:1807.06205V1 [Astro-Ph.CO] 17 Jul 2018 1 Introduction2 3 the ΛCDM Model 18 2 the Sky According to Planck 3 3.1 Assumptions Underlying ΛCDM
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. ms c ESO 2018 July 18, 2018 Planck 2018 results. I. Overview, and the cosmological legacy of Planck Planck Collaboration: Y. Akrami59;61, F. Arroja63, M. Ashdown69;5, J. Aumont99, C. Baccigalupi81, M. Ballardini22;42, A. J. Banday99;8, R. B. Barreiro64, N. Bartolo31;65, S. Basak88, R. Battye67, K. Benabed57;97, J.-P. Bernard99;8, M. Bersanelli34;46, P. Bielewicz80;8;81, J. J. Bock66;10, 7 12;95 57;92 71;56;57 2;6 45;32;48 42 85 J. R. Bond , J. Borrill , F. R. Bouchet ∗, F. Boulanger , M. Bucher , C. Burigana , R. C. Butler , E. Calabrese , J.-F. Cardoso57, J. Carron24, B. Casaponsa64, A. Challinor60;69;11, H. C. Chiang26;6, L. P. L. Colombo34, C. Combet73, D. Contreras21, B. P. Crill66;10, F. Cuttaia42, P. de Bernardis33, G. de Zotti43;81, J. Delabrouille2, J.-M. Delouis57;97, F.-X. Desert´ 98, E. Di Valentino67, C. Dickinson67, J. M. Diego64, S. Donzelli46;34, O. Dore´66;10, M. Douspis56, A. Ducout57;54, X. Dupac37, G. Efstathiou69;60, F. Elsner77, T. A. Enßlin77, H. K. Eriksen61, E. Falgarone70, Y. Fantaye3;20, J. Fergusson11, R. Fernandez-Cobos64, F. Finelli42;48, F. Forastieri32;49, M. Frailis44, E. Franceschi42, A. Frolov90, S. Galeotta44, S. Galli68, K. Ganga2, R. T. Genova-Santos´ 62;15, M. Gerbino96, T. Ghosh84;9, J. Gonzalez-Nuevo´ 16, K. M. Gorski´ 66;101, S. Gratton69;60, A. Gruppuso42;48, J. E. Gudmundsson96;26, J. Hamann89, W. Handley69;5, F. K. Hansen61, G. Helou10, D. Herranz64, E. Hivon57;97, Z. Huang86, A. -
Annual Report 2010
Research Institute Leiden Observatory (Onderzoekinstituut Sterrewacht Leiden) Annual Report 2010 Sterrewacht Leiden Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Leiden University Niels Bohrweg 2 Postbus 9513 2333 CA Leiden 2330 RA Leiden The Netherlands http://www.strw.leidenuniv.nl Cover: In the Sackler Laboratory for Astrophysics, the circumstances in the inter- and circumstellar medium are simulated. In 2010, water was successfully made on icy dust grains by H-atom bombardment, understanding was gained how complex molecules form under the extreme conditions that are typical for space, and experiments are now ongoing that investigate under which conditions the building blocks of life form. The picture shows the lab’s newest setup - MATRI2CES - that has been constructed with the aim to 'unlock the chemistry of the heavens'. An electronic version of this annual report is available on the web at http://www.strw.leidenuniv.nl/research/annualreport.php?node=23 Production Annual Report 2010: A. van der Tang, E. Gerstel, F.P. Israel, J. Lub, M. Israel, E. Deul Sterrewacht Leiden Executive (Directie Onderzoeksinstituut) Director K. Kuijken Wetenschappelijk Directeur Director of Education F.P. Israel Onderwijs Directeur Institute Manager E. Gerstel Instituutsmanager Supervisory Council (Raad van advies) Prof. Dr. Ir. J.A.M. Bleeker (Chair) Dr. B. Baud Drs. J.F. van Duyne Prof. Dr. K. Gaemers Prof. Dr. C. Waelkens CONTENTS Contents: Part I Chapter 1 1.1 Foreword 1 1.2 Obituary Adriaan Blaauw 5 1.3 Obituary Jaap Tinbergen 7 Chapter 2 2.1 Heritage 11 2.2 Extrasolar planets 13 2.3 Circumstellar gas and dust 15 2.4 Chemistry and physics of the interstellar medium 20 2.5 Stars 25 2.6 Galaxies of the Local Group 30 2.7 Nearby galaxies: observations and theory 37 2.8. -
CURRICULUM VITAE Robert C. Kennicutt, Jr. Steward Observatory
CURRICULUM VITAE Robert C. Kennicutt, Jr. Steward Observatory, University of Arizona 933 N Cherry Ave, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA Tel: +1-520-621-3412 Email: [email protected] Education Ph.D., Astronomy, University of Washington 1978 M.S., Astronomy, University of Washington 1976 B.S., Physics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 1973 Positions Held Professor,StewardObservatory,UniversityofArizona 2018 − pres. Emeritus Professor, University of Cambridge 2017 − pres. Plumian Professor of Astronomy & Experimental Philosophy, University of Cambridge 2005 − 2017 Professorial Fellow, Churchill College, University of Cambridge 2006 − 2017 Head (Dean), School of the Physical Sciences, University of Cambridge 2012 − 2015 Director, Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge 2008 − 2011 Professor/Astronomer, Steward Observatory, University ofArizona 1992 − 2005 Editor-in-Chief, The Astrophysical Journal 1999 − 2006 Deputy Head, Department of Astronomy, University of Arizona 1991 − 1998 Associate Professor/Astronomer, Steward Observatory, UniversityofArizona 1988 − 1992 Associate Professor, Department of Astronomy, University ofMinnesota 1985 − 1988 Assistant Professor, Department of Astronomy, University ofMinnesota 1980 − 1985 Carnegie Postdoctoral Fellow, Hale Observatories 1978 − 1980 Visiting Appointments Faculty Fellow, Hagler Institute of Advanced Study, Texas A&MUniversity 2016 − 2018 Caroline Herschel Distinguished Visitor, Space Telescope ScienceInsitute 2006 − 2007 Adriaan Blaauw Professor, University of Groningen 2001 Visiting Astronomer, Carnegie Observatories 1995 Beatrice M. Tinsley Centennial Professor, University of Texas 1994 Visiting Fellow, Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden 1982 Honours and Awards Elected Fellow of the Royal Society 2011 Gruber Cosmology Prize (with W. Freedman, J. Mould) 2009 Dannie Heineman Prize in Astrophysics, AIP/AAS 2007 Elected to National Academy of Sciences (U.S.) 2006 Elected to American Academy of Arts and Sciences 2001 Alfred P. -
How Astronomical Objects Are Named
How Astronomical Objects Are Named Jeanne E. Bishop Westlake Schools Planetarium 24525 Hilliard Road Westlake, Ohio 44145 U.S.A. bishop{at}@wlake.org Sept 2004 Introduction “What, I wonder, would the science of astrono- use of the sky by the societies of At the 1988 meeting in Rich- my be like, if we could not properly discrimi- the people that developed them. However, these different systems mond, Virginia, the Inter- nate among the stars themselves. Without the national Planetarium Society are beyond the scope of this arti- (IPS) released a statement ex- use of unique names, all observatories, both cle; the discussion will be limited plaining and opposing the sell- ancient and modern, would be useful to to the system of constellations ing of star names by private nobody, and the books describing these things used currently by astronomers in business groups. In this state- all countries. As we shall see, the ment I reviewed the official would seem to us to be more like enigmas history of the official constella- methods by which stars are rather than descriptions and explanations.” tions includes contributions and named. Later, at the IPS Exec- – Johannes Hevelius, 1611-1687 innovations of people from utive Council Meeting in 2000, many cultures and countries. there was a positive response to The IAU recognizes 88 constel- the suggestion that as continuing Chair of with the name registered in an ‘important’ lations, all originating in ancient times or the Committee for Astronomical Accuracy, I book “… is a scam. Astronomers don’t recog- during the European age of exploration and prepare a reference article that describes not nize those names. -
L'ensemble Claude Gervaise
1979 August A oût Number Numero Office:- Rcom No. 1265 Editor:- Michael W. Ovenden Téléphone 3 43-5889 La Place desLA Arts fait de nombreux PLACE âtres offrait un double défi aux archi- DES ARTS efforts pour rendre plus accessible sa tectes à savoir contenir deux théâtres programmation à un plus large public. dans un seul immeuble et en assurer la Elle a adopté une politique culturelle complete autonomie, le tout à ériger en en fonction de deux objectifs qui sont: ll mois! -offrir par diverses activites d'ani- Le Théâtre Maisonneuve est une ver- mation des spectacles à prix populaires sion moderne du théâtre à l'italienne. tant pour adultes que pour enfants. La decoration tout en étant d'une grande (Ces activites d'animation se presen- sobriété dispose tout de même de plu- tent sous forme de conferences sur l'art sieurs oeuvres d'art. Quant au Port- avec des expositions, des concerts-midi, Royal, il est muni d'une scène d'une sons et brioches, le dimanche matin ... ) largeur exceptionnelle. En effet, cellede -faire en sorte que ces spectacles la Salle Wilfrid-Pelletier est de 21m tan- soient pour lepublicuneinitiational'art. dis que celle du Port-Royal peut aller Caractéristique originate, la Place jusqu'a 29,2 m. La salle du Port-Royal des Arts ouvre ses portes non seulement servant surtout pour la presentation de le soir mais aussi le jour contrairement pieces de théâtres permet aussi, grâce à la plupart des autres salles qui de- à son equipement et ses dimensions mo- meurent fermees durant le jour. -
Internal Structure and Dynamics of Extragalactic Relativistic Jets
Internal structure and dynamics of extragalactic relativistic jets INAUGURAL-DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakult¨at der Universit¨atzu K¨oln vorgelegt von Mertens Florent aus Tulle, France K¨oln 2015 Berichterstatter: Prof. Dr. J. Anton Zensus Prof. Dr. Andreas Eckart Tag der m¨undlichen Pr¨ufung:26. Juni 2015 Abstract Radio-loud AGN typically manifest powerful relativistic jets extending up to mil- lions of light years and often showing superluminal motions organised in a complex kinematic pattern. A number of physical models are still competing to explain the jet structure and kinematics revealed by radio images using the Very Long Baseline Interferometer (VLBI) technique. Robust measurements of longitudinal and transverse velocity field in the jets would provide crucial information for these models. This is a difficult task, partic- ularly for transversely resolved jets in objects like 3C 273 and M87. To address this task, we have developed a new wavelet-based image segmentation and evaluation (WISE) technique for identifying significant structural patterns (SSP) of smooth, transversely resolved flows and obtaining a velocity field from cross-correlation of these regions in multi-epoch observations. Detection of individual SSP is performed using the wavelet decomposition and multiscale segmentation of the observed struc- ture. The cross-correlation algorithm combines structural information on different scales of the wavelet decomposition, providing a robust and reliable identification of related SSP in multi-epoch images. A stacked cross correlation (SCC) method is also introduced to recover multiple velocity components from partially overlapping, optically thin emitting regions. Test performed on simulated image of jets revealed excellent performance of WISE. -
Appendix A: General Assemblies, Membership Numbers, Officials
Appendix A: General Assemblies, Membership Numbers, Officials The membership and participant numbers up to 1985 are based on numbers published in IB 56 pp. 6–7 and the GA newspaper from New Delhi, 1985. These can differ slightly from the numbers provided by Blaauw (1994). 1919 Foundational meeting, Brussels, Belgium President: Benjamin Baillaud (France) General Secretary: Alfred Fowler (United Kingdom) I 1922 Rome, Italy No. of individual members: 207 No. of GA participants: 83 Incoming President: William W. Campbell (USA) Incoming General Secretary: Alfred Fowler (United Kingdom) II 1925 Cambridge, England, United Kingdom No. of individual members: 244 No. of GA participants: 189 Incoming President: Willem de Sitter (Netherlands) Incoming General Secretary: Frederick J.M. Stratton (United Kingdom) © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 327 J. Andersen et al., The International Astronomical Union, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96965-7 328 Appendix A: General Assemblies, Membership Numbers, Officials III 1928 Leiden, Netherlands No. of individual members: 288 No. of GA participants: 261 Incoming President: Frank W. Dyson (United Kingdom) General Secretary: Frederick J.M. Stratton (United Kingdom) V 1932 Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States No. of individual members: 406 No. of GA participants: 203 Incoming President: Frank Schlesinger (USA) General Secretary: Frederick J.M. Stratton (United Kingdom) V 1935 Paris, France No. of individual members: 496 No. of GA participants: 317 Incoming President: Ernest Esclangon (France) General Secretary: Frederick J.M. Stratton (United Kingdom) VI 1938 Stockholm, Sweden No. of individual members: 554 No. of GA participants: 293 President: Arthur S. Eddington (United Kingdom) until 1944, then Harold Spencer-Jones (United Kingdom) General Secretary: Jan H. -
The Jewel on the Mountaintop
The Jewel on the Mountaintop The European Southern Observatory through Fifty Years Claus Madsen The Jewel on the Mountaintop Fifty Years of the European Southern Observatory Claus Madsen Acknowledgement: As a title, The Jewel on the Mountaintop is derived from a speech by Swiss Ambassador Jean-Pierre Keusch at the inauguration of the 3.5-metre New Technology Telescope (NTT) on 6 February 1990. The NTT was, in many ways, a precursor to the Very Large Telescope, which — staying with the metaphor — constitutes the true jewel on the mountaintop. Cover Photo: Dawn at Paranal — the first rays of the Sun are reflected by the telescope enclosures at Paranal. (Photo: Gerd Hüdepohl) ADRIAAN BLAAUW In Memoriam Table of Contents Author’s Preface 9 Prologue 15 The Hinge: The VLT 15 Part I: Catching Up 19 Chapter I-1 ∙ The Oldest Science 21 Chapter I-2 ∙ Returning from the Abyss 25 Chapter I-3 ∙ A Dramatic Twist 35 Chapter I-4 ∙ In the Most Remote Place God Could Find 43 Chapter I-5 ∙ ESO — Quo Vadis? 53 Chapter I-6 ∙ Towards the 3.6-metre Telescope 59 Chapter I-7 ∙ Sky Mapper 75 Chapter I-8 ∙ Of Heaven and Hell, the Vatican and the Mission 85 Chapter I-9 ∙ The Changing of the Guard 93 Chapter I-10 ∙ Garching United 99 Part II: Years of Experimentation 107 Chapter II-1 ∙ Upping the Ante 109 Chapter II-2 ∙ Inventing a Game Changer 119 Chapter II-3 ∙ EMMI, SUSI, SOFI and the other Darlings 125 Chapter II-4 ∙ Hubble at ESO 137 Chapter II-5 ∙ History in Passing 147 Chapter II-6 ∙ An Annus Mirabilis 155 Chapter II-7 ∙ Decision Day 171 Chapter II-8 ∙ A Mountain -
The Taipan Galaxy Survey: Scientific Goals and Observing Strategy
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia (PASA), Vol. 34, e047, 28 pages (2017). © Astronomical Society of Australia 2017; published by Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/pasa.2017.41 The Taipan Galaxy Survey: Scientific Goals and Observing Strategy Elisabete da Cunha1,22, Andrew M. Hopkins2, Matthew Colless1, Edward N. Taylor3, Chris Blake3, Cullan Howlett4,5, Christina Magoulas1,6, John R. Lucey7, Claudia Lagos4, Kyler Kuehn2, Yjan Gordon8, Dilyar Barat1, Fuyan Bian1, Christian Wolf1, Michael J. Cowley2,9,10, Marc White1, Ixandra Achitouv3,5, Maciej Bilicki11,12, Joss Bland-Hawthorn13, Krzysztof Bolejko13, Michael J. I. Brown14, Rebecca Brown2, Julia Bryant2,5,13, Scott Croom13, Tamara M. Davis15, Simon P. Driver4, Miroslav D. Filipovic16, Samuel R. Hinton15, Melanie Johnston-Hollitt17,18, D. Heath Jones19, Bärbel Koribalski20, Dane Kleiner20, Jon Lawrence2, Nuria Lorente2, Jeremy Mould3,MattS.Owers8,2, Kevin Pimbblet7,C.G.Tinney21, Nicholas F. H. Tothill21 and Fred Watson2 1Research School of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2611, Australia 2Australian Astronomical Observatory, 105 Delhi Rd., North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia 3Centre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O.Box 218, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia 4International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia 5ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO), 44 Rosehill St, Redfern, NSW 2016, Australia 6Department of Astronomy, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa 7Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK 8E.A. Milne Centre for Astrophysics, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston upon Hull HU6 7RX, UK 9Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia 10Research Centre for Astronomy, Astrophysics & Astrophotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia 11Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, P.O. -
In the Decade Between 1918 and 1928, Leiden Observatory Changed
Teach and travel Leiden Observatory and the renaissance of Dutch astronomy in the Interwar years David Baneke1 Introduction On Sunday 3 March 1918 Ernst Frederik van de Sande Bakhuyzen, director of Leiden Observatory, unexpectedly died. Within days Willem de Sitter was appointed acting director, pending further decisions. De Sitter immediately contacted J.C. Kapteyn, the grand old man of Dutch astronomy and his former mentor in Groningen, to discuss the future of the observatory. This was their chance to resurrect the observatory after decades of stagnation. It was also a chance to make astronomy join the ‘second golden age’ of Dutch science that played a prominent role in contemporary cultural nationalism.2 Scientists such as J.D. van der Waals, H.A. Lorentz, Heike Kamerlingh Onnes and Hugo de Vries were considered the direct heirs of Christiaan Huygens and Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, the heroes of the first ‘golden age’ in the seventeenth century. Kapteyn was a national pride too, but he was a lonely figure. He had built his reputation against all odds, having started without any facilities, funding or staff.3 The rest of Dutch astronomy did not share in the successes of the other sciences. The two observatories in Leiden and Utrecht were small and unexciting. A reorganisation and expansion of Leiden Observatory might change that. De Sitter and Kapteyn seized the moment, and they succeeded beyond expectation. During De Sitter’s directorship, from 1918 until 1934, Leiden Observatory changed from a sleepy, run- down institute into an international centre of astronomy.4 It was the home institute of Willem de Sitter, Ejnar Hertzsprung and Jan Oort, and it became a breeding ground for a new generation of astronomers who would become prominent scientists in their own right, including Bart Bok, Gerard Kuiper, Dirk Brouwer, Willem Luyten, Piet Oosterhoff, Willem van den Bos and Adriaan Blaauw. -
Publications by and About J.C. Kapteyn, His Honors and Academic Genealogy
Appendix A Publications by and About J.C. Kapteyn, His Honors and Academic Genealogy The compulsion to write should be distrusted, unlike the urge to formulate. Godfried Bomans (1913–1971).1 A.1 Publications by J.C. Kapteyn Below I present a list of all known publications by Jacobus Cornelius Kapteyn. As director he must have been involved in supervising all activities, and therefore I have included all papers in the Publications of the Astronomical Laboratory at Gro- ningen during Kapteyn’s lifetime, with the exception of Willem de Sitter’s papers on the Galilean satellites of Jupiter. I have also included papers that are directly re- lated to projects Kapteyn was involved in personally, such as those based on PhD theses written under his supervision. PhD theses that have not been published sep- arately in astronomical periodicals or observatory annals, etc., are included in the list as well. Many, but far from all, of these publications have been listed by the NASA Astronomy Data System ADS [1] and usually scanned copies are available there. I have indicated the ADS code at the end of the full reference between square brackets. The publications by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) are made available on the Digital Library – Dutch History of science web centre [2]. The papers Kapteyn (1883) and Kapteyn (1884) are available electron- ically by downloading a pdf-file of the full volume 3 of Copernicus [3]. The table of contents at the end of that file lists the papers with their dates of publication; for these papers the dates are Febr. -
Multiplicity of Galactic Cepheids and RR Lyrae Stars from Gaia DR2 I
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. DR2-binaries-1-v5r1 c ESO 2019 March 12, 2019 Multiplicity of Galactic Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars from Gaia DR2 I. Binarity from proper motion anomaly? Pierre Kervella1, Alexandre Gallenne2, Nancy Remage Evans3, Laszlo Szabados4, Frédéric Arenou5, Antoine Mérand6, Yann Proto7; 1, Paulina Karczmarek8, Nicolas Nardetto9, Wolfgang Gieren10, and Grzegorz Pietrzynski11 1 LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 5 place Jules Janssen, 92195 Meudon, France, e-mail: [email protected]. 2 European Southern Observatory, Alonso de Córdova 3107, Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile. 3 Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, MS 4, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. 4 Konkoly Observatory, MTA CSFK, Konkoly Thege M. út 15-17, H-1121, Hungary. 5 GEPI, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, 5 Place Jules Janssen, 92190 Meudon, France. 6 European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany. 7 Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 15 parvis René Descartes, 69342 Lyon, France. 8 Warsaw University Observatory, Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478, Warsaw, Poland. 9 Université Côte d’Azur, OCA, CNRS, Lagrange, France 10 Universidad de Concepción, Departamento de Astronomía, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile. 11 Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Bartycka 18, PL-00-716 Warszawa, Poland Received ; Accepted ABSTRACT Context. Classical Cepheids (CCs) and RR Lyrae stars (RRLs) are important classes of variable stars used as standard candles to estimate galactic and extragalactic distances. Their multiplicity is imperfectly known, particularly for RRLs. Astoundingly, to date only one RRL has convincingly been demonstrated to be a binary, TU UMa, out of tens of thousands of known RRLs.