DOCSLIB.ORG

The Role of Global Computer Reservation

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Role of Global Computer Reservation Tourism The Role of Global Computer Reservation Functionality of Global CRSs Using the global CRSs, travel agencies can Systems in the Travel Industry Today and in the make reservations directly from their ter- Future minal with any airline and on all conti- nents without having to go through a co- One of the few examples for the global realization of electronic market coordination are ordination process or contract negotia- the Computer Reservation System (CRS) or Global Distribution Systems (GDS) used in the tions. All global CRSs provide the basic functions for the reservation process such travel industry. Because of the ever increasing competition, new technologies and as product presentation, reservation, fare changed distribution channels, a discussion has started about the role of CRSs. quote & ticketing and additional services. by Dr. Axel Schulz, Lufthansa Systems GmbH ♦ Product Presentation: For a CRS, the most important source Before going into detail about current criti- changes in the marketplace, the best of information is the presentation of cism and the systems´ future role, we will known global CRSs are AMADEUS, GALI- the products and services offered by briefly describe what CRSs are all about: LEO, SABRE, and WORLDSPAN with providers in all areas related to the AMADEUS being the only one which is travel industry. Each group of service Ideally, CRSs are systems for purely (in- largely owned by European airlines. To- providers has individual screen catego- formation transfer) logistical functions. gether with GALILEO, it is the leading ries the contents of which particularly They store current information about all system in the European market. GALILEO, represent the complexity of their of- available service providers and have the however, also has a strong position in the ferings and specific features of their necessary infrastructure to transfer such US market after it merged with an Ameri- serivces. The product “flight” for ex- data. This means that the systems also can system. SABRE and WORLDSPAN ample does not require complex de- perform additional tasks related to serv- have been developed in the US. So far, scriptions since it is sufficient for a neu- ice distribution, which in the area of goods SABRE is the only CRS which is wholly tral product presentation to state the are typically carried out by freight for- owned by one single airline. departure and arrival times, the route, warders. They support the transport of goods (or the right to a service) by elimi- AMADEUS GALILEO SABRE WORLDSPAN nating the physical distance between the producer and the sales mediator or the USA/ Mexico/ U:7.839 U: 13.347 U:17.496 U: 9.200 consumer respectively. Therefore, CRSs can Canada T: 29.313 T: 59.980 T: 82.441 be characterized as supporting distribu- T: 41.106 tion process since the current systems do Europe/ Russia U: 21.729 U: 12.561 U: 4.028 in no way support negotiations between U: 5.474 T: 59.804 T: 39.487 T: 11.477 T: 10.208 the producer and the consumer. CRSs are a combination of infrastructure measures Latin America/ U: 4.631 U: 1.100 U: 1.985 offered to interested providers in the tour- U: 53 Caribbean T: 8.247 T: 1.918 T: 6.328 ist industry. Similar to an empty super- T: 268 market, the system provides a sales area Far East/ Australia U: 920 U: 3.686 U: 4.113 U: 0 in the form of memory and communica- T: 2.034 T: 12.871 T: 14.246 T: 0 tions media. The providers can then fill the empty shelves by providing their data Africa/ Middle U: 374 U: 1.632 U: 490 to the CRS. U: 600 East T: 768 T: 5.144 T: 1.452 T: 1.368 Today’s Competing CRSs Total: U: 35.493 U: 32.326 U: 28.112 U: 15.327 The development of such systems was al- T:100.166 T:119.400 T:117.914 ready started at the beginning of the six- T: 47.950 ties, the objective being at the time to Figure 1 automate seat reservations procedures of Comparison between the number of airlines. Today, the largest civil data users (U) and the number centers and the most powerful commu- of terminals (T) of global systems (as at the beginning of 1996) nications networks are being used exclu- sively for this purpose. After several 17 Vol.6 – No.2 – 1996 Tourism Travel Agencies received from the respective service provider. Typically, the print-out of any additional information material is not supported by most systems as it is not always necessary, like for example a print-out of a hotel or rental car reser- Product- presentation Airline-Systems vation. ♦ Reservation Additional Services: Because of the increasing competition Network Network in the market, system operators were Additional Services forced to offer not only the three es- sential components of an information Airline-Systems Fare Quote and and booking system but also additional Ticketing services. Today, the user has direct ac- cess to essential travel information and can find further information in all CRSs about trade shows, visa regulations, particular events etc. Furthermore, pro- grams and interfaces have been devel- Hotel- or Car-Systems oped which facilitate the internal ad- Figure 2 ministration for each travel agent. Also Principel structure of CRSs invoicing, accounting, customer and quota management increasingly de- availability of particular reservation ers who thus have the latest informa- pend on the respective CRS. User categories and possibly the fare. It may, tion about availability at any point in prompting has significantly improved however, be difficult to describe the time and can use it as a basis for a new so that even inexperienced users can products of other service providers ap- offer. In addition, the system can also easily learn how to work with the reser- propriately with only a limited amount store customer related information such vation procedure. Since more and more of information. Hotels, for example, as e.g. all services provided to a cer- PCs are being used in this area modern have so far only been able to provide tain customer, type of payment, serv- user interfaces have been introduced. information about the price, the size ice information etc. of the bed and its approximate loca- The Information Infrastructure tion which alone is not a meaningful ♦ Fare Quote & Ticketing: Apart from the four core functionalities, description for potential customers. For Just like the product presentation, the a high speed network is the second basis this reason, it is intended to link the fare quote, ticketing and voucher gen- of a CRS. It connects the system with the particular offers to visual multimedia erating process depend on the type and service providers on the one hand and technology to be able to provide more the complexity of the services offered. the travel agents on the other. In Europe, detailed information to the customer. For flights, multiple fares are being of- travel agents are mainly linked via inter- fered which differ according to the res- faces to the cooperating national systems ♦ Reservation: ervation category, the date of the jour- in which case the local network infra- The core function of reservation sys- ney, the day when the reservation was structure is being used. Travel agents us- tems and the main reason for develop- made, the route and the length of the ing the CRS AMADEUS are linked via ing them is the reservation of offered stay. That means that practically each various networks. In most cases, they are services in the travel industry. To this fare needs to be calculated individu- integrated in the national START network. end, a so called Passenger Name Record ally. In addition, fare quotes can change In other countries, they are linked either (PNR) or Guest Name Record (GNR) is daily. The prices of other service pro- via the SITA network or via Datex-P X.25. created for each passenger or each viders, however, are relatively fixed so The city and airport offices of airlines are group of passengers. These records con- that in most cases, they stay an un- mostly integrated in their respective in- tain all services-related customer in- changed part of the offer. For the ternal network. formation. At the same time, this in- ticketing, travel agencies receive a fixed formation is transferred to the internal number of ticket forms which may only The network of the global CRS AMADEUS inventory system of all service provid- be used after confirmation has been has additional 14 network nodes distrib- EM – Electronic Markets 18 Tourism uted throughout the whole world. They Another weak point in the CRSs have al- need for streamlining their organization are connected to each other by 13 lines ways been additional functions since such in order to stay competitive. In many sub- with 1.92 Mbyte/s and 11 lines with a functions would not increase the number areas, some optimization and efficiency lower transmission rate. These lines are of sold flight tickets. Only now modern measures have already been taken. Now utilized 60% at most. By automatically graphical user interfaces are being devel- the only costs which can still be changed establishing alternative links, an avail- oped in the various systems for the front and reduced are personnel and fuel costs ability of 99.7% is achieved since, in case office. Sufficient back office functions as well as costs for sales. Generally, sales of necessity, any message can be trans- have been offered only very rarely. costs within this industry amount to 20 - ferred via other nodes. 25% of the total revenue which is per- Apart from the criticism about the inter- ceived as far too high.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • IATA CLEARING HOUSE PAGE 1 of 21 2021-09-08 14:22 EST Member List Report
    IATA CLEARING HOUSE PAGE 1 OF 21 2021-09-08 14:22 EST Member List Report AGREEMENT : Standard PERIOD: P01 September 2021 MEMBER CODE MEMBER NAME ZONE STATUS CATEGORY XB-B72 "INTERAVIA" LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY B Live Associate Member FV-195 "ROSSIYA AIRLINES" JSC D Live IATA Airline 2I-681 21 AIR LLC C Live ACH XD-A39 617436 BC LTD DBA FREIGHTLINK EXPRESS C Live ACH 4O-837 ABC AEROLINEAS S.A. DE C.V. B Suspended Non-IATA Airline M3-549 ABSA - AEROLINHAS BRASILEIRAS S.A. C Live ACH XB-B11 ACCELYA AMERICA B Live Associate Member XB-B81 ACCELYA FRANCE S.A.S D Live Associate Member XB-B05 ACCELYA MIDDLE EAST FZE B Live Associate Member XB-B40 ACCELYA SOLUTIONS AMERICAS INC B Live Associate Member XB-B52 ACCELYA SOLUTIONS INDIA LTD. D Live Associate Member XB-B28 ACCELYA SOLUTIONS UK LIMITED A Live Associate Member XB-B70 ACCELYA UK LIMITED A Live Associate Member XB-B86 ACCELYA WORLD, S.L.U D Live Associate Member 9B-450 ACCESRAIL AND PARTNER RAILWAYS D Live Associate Member XB-280 ACCOUNTING CENTRE OF CHINA AVIATION B Live Associate Member XB-M30 ACNA D Live Associate Member XB-B31 ADB SAFEGATE AIRPORT SYSTEMS UK LTD. A Live Associate Member JP-165 ADRIA AIRWAYS D.O.O. D Suspended Non-IATA Airline A3-390 AEGEAN AIRLINES S.A. D Live IATA Airline KH-687 AEKO KULA LLC C Live ACH EI-053 AER LINGUS LIMITED B Live IATA Airline XB-B74 AERCAP HOLDINGS NV B Live Associate Member 7T-144 AERO EXPRESS DEL ECUADOR - TRANS AM B Live Non-IATA Airline XB-B13 AERO INDUSTRIAL SALES COMPANY B Live Associate Member P5-845 AERO REPUBLICA S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Galileo Formats
    Galileo Formats October 1998 edition Chapters INDEX Introduction Booking File Air Transportation Fares Cars Hotels LeisureShopper Document Production Queues Client File/TravelScreen Travel Information Miscellaneous SECURITY Sign On H/SON SON/Z217 or Sign on at own office SON/ followed by Z and a 1 to 3 character I.D.; the I.D. can be SON/ZHA initials, a number or a combination of both SON/ZGL4HA Sign on at branch agency SON/ followed by Z, own pseudo city code and a 1 to 3 character I.D. SON/Z7XX1/UMP Sign on at 4 character PCC branch agency SON/ followed by Z, own pseudo city code, second delimiter and 1 to 3 character I.D. SB Change to work area B SA/TA Change to work area A; different duty code TA (Training) SAI/ZHA Sign back into all work areas at own office SAI/ZGL4HA Sign back into all work areas at branch agency; SAI/ followed by Z, own pseudo city code and a 1 to 3 character I.D. Sign Off SAO Temporary sign out; incomplete Booking Files must be ignored or completed SOF Sign off; incomplete Booking Files must be ignored or completed SOF/ZHA Sign off override (at own office); incomplete transactions are not protected SOF/ZGL4HA Sign off override (at branch agency); incomplete transactions are not protected; SOF/ followed by Z, own pseudo city code and a 1 to 3 character I.D. SECURITY Security Profile STD/ZHA Display security profile, for sign on HA; once displayed, password may be changed SDA List security profiles created by user (second level authoriser and above) SDA/ZXXØ List security profiles associated with agency XXØ (second level authoriser and above) STD/ZXX1UMP or Display profile STD/ followed by Z, own pseudo city code, second delimiter if pseudo STD/Z7XX1/UMP city code is 4 characters and 1 to 3 character I.D.
    [Show full text]
  • AIR Hackathon Took Place at Microsoft HQ in Seattle, USA
    Seattle, February 2020 The 14th edition of IATA AIR Hackathon took place at Microsoft HQ in Seattle, USA. A total of 21 teams worked during 28 hours nonstop in order to build solutions to enhance booking experience for passengers travelling with mobility aids using NDC APIs and/or tracking of mobility aids (wheelchairs). APIs/Sources available at the event: IATA NDC, Microsoft, Medical Travel Companions, LinkedIn, Air France/KLM, FlightAware, Seattle Airport, Expedia Group and SITA Sponsors • Host Organization: Microsoft • Host Airlines: Delta Air Lines, Air France/KLM and Virgin Atlantic • Gold Sponsors: IBS Software, TIBCO Software, Boeing and Expedia Group • Supporting Organizations: Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, HackAcess Dublin, EqualWeb Digital Accessibility 1 Seattle, February 2020 Best Booking Solution (Corporate Prize) Team Name: AccessKey (https://britishairways.com) Challenge: Booking APIs/Data source used: IATA NDC Project Description: An independent stand-alone service that allows customers to create a personal profile of their assistance needs, within a unique access key. Once a customer has their key, they simply enter it when booking their trip with a participating airline of travel agent to ensure their requirements are added to the booking. Changing or updating the customer’s assistance requirements via their account will automatically update any bookings they have associated to their AccessKey. Team Members: John-Paul Henry, Harry Williams, Simon Kisner, John Casey 2 Seattle, February 2020 Best Wheelchair Tracking
    [Show full text]
  • RCED-92-130 Computer Reservation Systems
    -.- I Jnikd States General Accounting Office Report to the Ranking Minority Member, GAO Subcommittee on Aviation, Committee on Public Works and Transportation, House of Representatives COMPUTER RESERVATION SYSTEMS Action Needed to Better Monitor the CRS Industry and Eliminate CRS Biases I 146269IX i United States General Accounting OfPice GAO Washington, D.C. 20648 Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division B-247612 March 20,1992 The Honorable William F. Clinger, Jr. Ranking Minority Member Subcommittee on Aviation Committee on Public Works and Transportation House of Representatives Dear Mr. Clinger: Since they were first offered to travel agents in 197677, airline-owned computer reservation systems (CRS)have come to be used for over 90 percent of travel agents’ domestic airline sales.’ In past reports and testimonies, we have expressed concern about restrictive marketing practices associated with cass that make it difficult for non-cR5s-owning airlines to compete in the markets of the airlines that own the cxss2 This report focuses on an issue we have not addressed in our previous reports-possible biases toward the airline whose internal reservation system is housed within the CRSit owns. Such systems are called “hosted” CRSSbecause the internal reservation system for the airline that owns the CRSis hosted within the CRSand uses some of the same hardware, software, and databases that operate the CRS.Several airlines and the two smallest CRSvendors believe that the design, or “architecture,” of hosted CRSSmakes it easier and more reliable to obtain information and book flights on the host au-line than on other participating airlines? This “architectural bias” could undermine airline competition by artificially transferring passengers-and therefore revenues-from airlines that do not control CRSSto those that do, thus contributing to a less than level playing field for marketing airline services.
    [Show full text]
  • 11. Working with the Airlines in the Australasia-Pacific Region
    11 Working with the airlines in the Australasia-Pacific region With my tenure at the new Unisys on shaky ground, I asked former colleagues if they knew of a job opportunity for someone with my skill set. I certainly wanted to stay in the Asia-Pacific area. New Zealand, as a relatively small country, did not present any immediate opportunities other than working with a computer consultancy or setting up on my own, and I was not keen on the latter. Richard Hawkins had left Unisys in Hong Kong and joined the Société Internationale de Télécommunications Aéronautiques (SITA). He had already spoken to SITA on my behalf and advised me to call Ms Irene Legay in SITA’s Hong Kong office. The SITA opportunity was attractive. I knew the organisation and had overseen its Sperry installations in Bangkok and Jakarta. I knew SITA to be technically aggressive. It used Sperry second-level communication processors, without mainframes, for its communications network, and I had recently liaised with SITA when the New Zealand Defence Department had contemplated a similar application. After the end of World War II, international telephone lines had been hard to obtain, so the airlines decided it would be to their advantage to pool resources. SITA was set up to control those resources and provide additional services. In the 1980s, as SITA approached its 40th anniversary, director general Claude Lalanne had instructed McKinsey & Company, as consultants, to investigate the strategies that would keep SITA viable for the next 40 years. McKinsey had recommended that SITA set up 223 ALSO INNOVatoRS a sales and marketing operation — a group of 32 people — to optimise its potential.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Communication and New Information Technologies for Civil Aviation
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) Data Communication and New Information Technologies for Civil Aviation Sebestyen, I. IIASA Working Paper WP-83-015 January 1983 Sebestyen, I. (1983) Data Communication and New Information Technologies for Civil Aviation. IIASA Working Paper. WP-83-015 Copyright © 1983 by the author(s). http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/2297/ Working Papers on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis receive only limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute, its National Member Organizations, or other organizations supporting the work. All rights reserved. Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage. All copies must bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. For other purposes, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, permission must be sought by contacting [email protected] NOT FOR QUOTATION WITHOUT PERMISSION OF THE AUTHOR DATA COMMUNICATION AND NEW INFOFGdATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR CML AVIATlON Istvan Sebestyen Janurary 1983 WP-83-15 Waking Papers are interim reports on work of the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis and have received only Limited review. Views or opinions expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of the Institute or of its National Member Organizations. INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR APPLIED SYSTEMS ANfiYSIS 2361 Laxenburg, Austria PREFACE This working paper is part of the IIASA study "Telecommunication Equipment and Administrative Procedures Relevant to Experimental and Operational East-West Computer Connections" supported by the Control Data Corporation, Minneapolis, USA and the Austrian Ministry for Science and Research in Vienna.
    [Show full text]
  • Swissair MD 11
    SR 111 Investigation Report How This Report Is Organized This report was prepared in accordance with International Civil Aviation Organization standards and recommended practices,[*] and with Transportation Safety Board (TSB) standards for investigation reports. In keeping with these standards, the report is organized into the following main parts: § Part 1, Factual Information: Provides objective information that is pertinent to the understanding of the circumstances surrounding the occurrence. § Part 2, Analysis: Discusses and evaluates the factual information presented in Part 1 that the Board considered when formulating its conclusions and safety actions. § Part 3, Conclusions: Based on the analyses of the factual information, presents three categories of findings: findings as to causes and contributing factors to the occurrence; findings that expose risks that have the potential to degrade aviation safety, but that could not be shown to have played a direct role in the occurrence; and "other" findings that have the potential to enhance safety, or clarify issues of unresolved ambiguity or controversy. § Part 4, Safety Action: Based on the findings of the investigation, recommends safety actions required to be taken to eliminate or mitigate safety deficiencies, and records the main actions already taken or being taken by the stakeholders involved. Note: Owing to the scope of the Swissair 111 investigation, various supporting technical information (STI) materials are referenced throughout the report. STI materials are peripheral to the report and are not required to develop a complete understanding of the facts, analyses, conclusions, or recommended safety actions. Rather, the STI materials expand, in technical detail, on the information provided in the report.
    [Show full text]
  • Let's Move the World, Together
    let’s move the world, together SITA GROUP ACTIVITY REPORT 2018 LET’S MOVE THE WORLD, TOGETHER LET’S MOVE THE WORLD, TOGETHER 2 SITA | GROUP ACTIVITY REPORT 2018 LET’S MOVE THE WORLD, TOGETHER CONTENTS SITA BOARD DIRECTORS 4 CHAIR’S STATEMENT 6 COUNCIL PRESIDENT’S STATEMENT 10 SITA COUNCIL REPRESENTATIVES 14 SITA MEMBERS 16 CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER’S REPORT 18 SITA AT 70 24 BUSINESS REVIEW 26 SITA | GROUP ACTIVITY REPORT 2018 3 LET’S MOVE THE WORLD, TOGETHER SITA BOARD DIRECTORS THE SITA BOARD IS TASKED WITH SUPERVISING THE ACTIVITIES OF THE COMPANY AND ITS SUBSIDIARIES TO ENSURE THE EFFECTIVE OPERATION OF THE GROUP 4 SITA | GROUP ACTIVITY REPORT 2018 LET’S MOVE THE WORLD, TOGETHER Barbara Dalibard Dr Omar Jefri SITA CEO Board Chair Sonia Barrière Emese Békéssy Elizabeth Haun Laurent Jossart Board Vice-Chair Christoph Kleinsorg Sankar Narayan Roland Schuetz Damian Scokin A.T. Srinivasan Richard Steer Eash Sundaram Thomas Woldbye SITA | GROUP ACTIVITY REPORT 2018 5 LET’S MOVE THE WORLD, TOGETHER KEEPING THE WHEELS OF THE AIR TRANSPORT INDUSTRY IN MOTION CHAIR'S STATEMENT Dr Omar Jefri 66 SITASITA | GROUP | GROUP ACTIVITY ACTIVITY REPORT REPORT 2015 2018 LET’S MOVE THE WORLD, TOGETHER “SITA has successfully worked at the Q. WHAT WERE THE BOARD’S heart of the air transport community MAIN TAKEAWAYS DURING 2018? for seven decades. The organization has always played a major role in A. The SITA Board recognizes 2018 as another very good year for SITA. Our moving passengers around the world, role on the Board includes overseeing providing IT and communications SITA’s financial and operating results, services that keep the wheels of the air and we were pleased with SITA’s accomplishments through the year.
    [Show full text]
  • British University of Nicosia Computer Systems in Travelling Industry I
    British University of Nicosia Faculty of Business School of Tourism and Hotel Management Computer Systems in Travelling Industry I TRZM105 Instructor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Hossein Olya Email: [email protected] Webpage: www.olyah.com 2015-2016 Academic Year, Fall Semester 1 Table of Contents Travel Technology ...................................................................................................................... 4 Travel Technology Applications ............................................................................................. 5 Travel Technology Growth ..................................................................................................... 5 Computer reservations system .................................................................................................... 6 History..................................................................................................................................... 6 Remote access ......................................................................................................................... 6 Travel agent access ................................................................................................................. 8 Global Distribution System....................................................................................................... 10 Easy Connectivity ................................................................................................................. 12 Automatic Content Update ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • VIAS SITA Telegrammer Kursus 29-11-2017
    VIAS SITA Telegrammer Kursus 29-11-2017 SITA Telegrammer SITA Telegrammer • IATA • SITA • BATAP • SITA Type-B • EMI • Database • Telegrammer • SSIM 1 LPT-IT ApS * Stormgade 9 * 7100 Vejle * Tlf. +45 76740484 * Fax +45 76740482 * CVR 26179645 VIAS SITA Telegrammer Kursus 29-11-2017 SITA Telegrammer IATA (International Air Transport Association) • IATA er en international forening for flyselskaber. IATA blev grundlagt i april 1945 i Havanna på Cuba med 57 medlemmer fra 31 lande, som efterfølger til den International Air Traffic Association der blev grundlagt i 1919 i Haag i Holland. I dag har International Air Transport Association hovedkontor i Montreal i Canada. • Hovedformålet med IATA er at sikre på den ene side lovlig konkurrence mellem selskaberne, men på den anden side også ensartede priser. Med henblik på ensartede priser har flyselskaberne i de enkelte lande fået en dispensation af landenes samhandels- myndigheder, der giver dem lov til at koordinere deres priser indbyrdes gennem IATA. SITA Telegrammer SITA (Société Internationale de Télécommunications Aéronautiques) • Blev grundlagt i februar 1949 af 11 flyselskaber for at skabe fælles infrastruktur omkostningseffektivitet ved at kombinere deres kommunikationsnet. De 11 oprindelige flyselskaber var: Air France, KLM, Sabena, Swissair, TWA, britiske europæiske Airways Corporation (BOAC), British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), British South American Airways (BSAA), svensk AGAerotransport, Dansk Air Lines, og Norwegian Air Lines. SITA var det første selskab til at håndtere datatrafik i realtid via et pakkekoblet netværk via fælles leased line kredsløb. • X.25 • MQ 2 LPT-IT ApS * Stormgade 9 * 7100 Vejle * Tlf. +45 76740484 * Fax +45 76740482 * CVR 26179645 VIAS SITA Telegrammer Kursus 29-11-2017 SITA Telegrammer X.25 • X.25 er en ITU-T standard-protokol suite for pakkekoblede wide area network (WAN) kommunikation.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Distribution Systems (GDS)
    Global Distribution Systems (GDS) https://skift.com/2017/08/07/channel-shock- the-future-of-travel-distribution/ V CLIP 2/26/2021 Dr. A. SARAVANAN LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Understand the significance and functions of GDS • Get insight into the historical development of GDS systems • Gain understanding of the relationship between CRS and GDS • Acquire knowledge on the driving forces of GDS • Know the relevance of HDS (Hotel Distribution System) to the Hoteliers. 2/26/2021 Dr. A. SARAVANAN History and Evolution of Global Distribution System • There have been 3 stages of evolution the first reservation system was called an • Airline Reservation system, • the second a Computer Reservation System (CRS) and • The third evolution is today’s Global Distribution System (GDS). 2/26/2021 Dr. A. SARAVANAN History and Evolution of Global Distribution System • Global distribution systems (GDS) have evolved from the first computer-based reservation systems implemented by several U.S. airlines in the late 1960s. • However, there are several key milestones and technological innovations worth highlighting. 2/26/2021 Dr. A. SARAVANAN Stage 2 (1960s) • American Airlines (AA) was the first company to develop a real-time computerized reservation system. In a joint venture with International Business Machines (IBM), • The Semi-Automatic Business Research Environment (SABRE) was launched in 1964 and • Helped American process nearly 26,000 reservation requests per day (Sabre Travel Network History, 2004). 2/26/2021 Dr. A. SARAVANAN Stage 3 (1970s) • In the late 1960s and early 1970s, virtually all of the major carriers, including United, TWA and Delta were operating their own central reservation systems (CRS).
    [Show full text]
  • Ofa 2012 – Sita (Mega Switch)
    OFA 2012 – SITA (MEGA SWITCH) Authors: Eric Galinier / Eric Lemasson Date: March 26th, 2012 www.openfabrics.org 1 Who is SITA? • SITA is the world's leading specialist in air transport communications and information technology (IT). We work closely with every sector of the air transport community, innovating, developing and managing business solutions over the world's most extensive network - one that forms the "communication backbone" of the global air transport industry. • Web Sites: – Sita Portal : http://www.sita.aero/ www.openfabrics.org 2 Quick history • SITA was founded in 1949 by eleven airlines: Air France, KLM, Sabena, Swissair, TWA, British European Airways Corporation (BEAC), British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC), British South American Airways (BSAA), Swedish A.G.Aerotransport, Danish Det Danske Luftfartselskab A/S and Noweigan Det Norske Luftfartselskap. • SITA has been serving the air transport industry since 1949. • Today we provide IT and communication solutions in 200 countries and territories. • Web Sites: – Sita History : http://www.sita.aero/about-sita/what-we-do/sita-history www.openfabrics.org 3 SITA Messaging • Goal is to provide Airlines with a high performance & secure platform to conduct their operational business. • Consists of the following services: – Type B Host (Legacy (X25), Matip, MQ) – Type B Mailbox (Sitatex) – Type B PTP – Web Type B – AFTN Gateway – X.400 ADMD/PRMD & Mailbox (Mailbox retired) – SMTP Gateway (Access to Type B) – EDI/Spec2000 (Skyform, Skyhost, Skyfax, X.12 Converter, ECH) – OffNet
    [Show full text]