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Print This Article STMH Volume 4, Number 4, 1997 INDONESIAN JouRML FoR rsr-AMrc SCIENCE: ISLAM AND MEDICAL EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIANAND INDONESIAN FATAWA M. B. Hooker lsmutc LEoAL LITERATURE AND SUBSTANflVE LAW IN INDONESIA NurAhmad FadhilLubis Aru Euptntcnl ASSESSMENT oF DNORCE LNW RETONU IN INDONESIA MarkCammack h'rooxrstRt'ts lN SAUDI ARABIA: WonsHtpnruDWoRK Laurence Husson ESN@1504@ STI]DIA I$TAilIIKA lndonesian Journal for lslamic Studies Volume 4, Number 4, 1997 EDITORIAL BOARD: Harun Nasution Mastubu M, Quraisb Sbihab A. Aziz Dablan M. Satria Effendi Nabilab Lubis M.YunanYusuf Komaruddin HidaYat M. Din Syamsuddin MuslimNasution Wahib Mu'tbi EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Azyumardi Azra EDITORS: Saiful Mujani Hendro PrasetYo Johan H. Meuleman Didin Syafruddin Ali Munhanif ASSISTANTS TO THE EDITOR: Arief Subhan Oman Fathurrabman Heni Nuroni ENGLISH LANGUAGE ADVISOR: Donald Potter AMBIC LANGUAGE ADVISOR: Nursannd COVER DESIGNER: S. Prinka A84ma Islam STUDIA ISLAMIKA (ISSN 02li-0492) is a journal published quarterly by the Institut (sTI DEPPEN NeSed (IAIN, The State Institute for Islamic studie$ syarif Hidayatullah, Jakuta. Affairs of the No. tZllSpOtfJENfPG/STT/1976) and sponsored by the Department of Religious Republic of Indonesia. It specialDes in Indonesian Islamic srudies, and is intended to communi' journal welcomes cate original researches and current issues on the subfect. This warmly contributions from scholars of related disciplines. institutions to All articles published do not necessarily represent the views ofthe journal, or other in this journal have which it is affiliated. They are solely the views ofthe authors. The articles contained been refereed by the Board of Editors. Laurence Husson Indonesians in Saudi Arabia: Worship and Work Abstralsi: ,4 knr-akar tsbmtubrya knnuk sosial dan politi'k anura maEara.kat ktam lndonsin dmgan Arab hudi suinghzli dij elaskzn mekki aspk'aspek krnga- maan Kenyataan babwa jazirah Arabia mencakup unah suri,pt'rsatpuibadat- a sumfu penrikiran di kdang hea.garnawn dan pumt pendidifun ukma bagi masyarakatMuslim di&,miz.,hatnpirselakdijadikartbasis aralisaterbadap isudi reputar hubungnt Indnnsia-kudj Pmjehsatt ini tentu saja tidak srynuhrrya sakh. Namun dernikizn" ada impkkai sobs dari pandangan yang menladikzn asryk keagamanrsebagaifaktorv.tu'saunrya" Palingtidahpandznganyangrelijircsm- tris itu ahzn mengih.ffha.n faktar-faktor kin yang barangkali lekh ntmmtuhan Mrmtrryaadalahfaktoreknnornifuntmagakerja.Tulisn.ini bemaksudrnengkaii jaliranfaktor keagamaan dengan kedaafaktor terakhir ini dakrn kontehs sQarah pknnbangan dan raik-n'tn'tnnya bubungan Arablndansia Putara-arna, kqryian orangorartgMr.slim Indonaia ke Arab fu.udi didD' rong oleh motivasi keagamaan: rwtk hajL lzporan- laporan yang dialis pada masa ksulurun Aceh dan Alalaka mmunjukkan bahaapada abad kf15 dnn ke 17, dari Sumawa dan rnu' s ej urn kb orang dni kelas wdidk dan Fmnhtah Jarua lai mmunaikan ibadah ba.li Jumlah itu sanakin mmingkat wtiap ahunrrya aau rnenwun ujam kmma alasanalaan tqtenta Karmapkunbangan inilah,p' mqinah Hind.iz-kknda mernbukz' KonsuL Haii dikddah. Makipun dernikiz.n" di balik dambaan setiap Mrclim untuk pgi ke unah suci itu, i.fudah bali luga drydkini sebagai kntuk iua yntgpaling fuat' khususrrya dakm sqi ekanominya Taapi samgubrty a efek psthnlngis tmartg fuatrrya per' jakrwn baji itu ditimbulkan olnhperasaart a'hz:n' jaulnyap7alarurt,pubdaan cuara dan h4daya, bahayapampokzn dan prculihnrt atal4 ketiadaan bizya di tengah p1akrun menuju unah suci yang sudah pasti dipoleh dai ptgakman generasi jam'alt haji seklamnya^ MimlnyT barryak jama'ah baji yang kzrma ala- )nahsan tenebut, akhnnya mmjadipkerja sarnbikn di baanh orang-orangArab; senata-rndtz untuk, mernprUhanknn hidap vrnbil menanti zaaktu yang tepat untuk. mmmakan perl alanan Mnih untmg apabik mcreka masih bisa rrwwt'rs- 109 Studiz khnika VoL 4, No.4' 1997 110 Izurence Husson kzn perjaknatn ibadah holoryo, atau Lelajar di bazaah bimbingan syaikh-syaikh terknnukayang barryak fumukim di Makkah, klu kernbali kz unah air. Iipor an-kpranyang dibuat Parwinah Hinda-Beknda mmun1uhkzn bahaa, banyak dmi jama'ahpekajaitu jatuh hc angan syaiklt.syaikh atausuku-sukuba^luiArab untuk,dijadikzn budah Di sinilah, pbudakan rnerapakan sin kin dari nasalah yang timbul dakm pjalaran ibadah ba.Ji" Hinga akhir abad ke-18, uilayah Hijaz termasuk di antara tempat pdagangan budnk di Dinasti Usmani. Kemudian sekma abad ke- 19, Jeddah tumbuh menjadi kou fuar dan, segerd setelah ita fukernbang menladi pusat perdagangan budak tn'pnting di zailayah Hijaz Makrpun pada 1857 Dinasti Usntani mekrangprdagangan budak, srcaraprblrh dan menco ba menghapuskan perhltlakan pada 1890, praktik-prokttk se?nacatn. itu rcap Mmrbang subw di tarah Arab. Baru 1952, penrcnnah Arab Saudi srcara rami nrclarang perhdakan. Munrulnya jaringan Wbudakan jama'ah hQi Hindia-Beknda itu juga tidak. jmang disebabkan oleb mo&u operasiral pujakran haji itu smdii kpti umum- nya jama ah hQi dikoordinasi oleh sentacam 'biro paryaknan' yang dipimpin oleb para syatkh, fuhniun dmgnn formalias sekma kEeryiannya dzri Hindiz-Bekn- da ke Arab. Soikh itu smdii dibimbingoleh syatkh kEak (syarkh al-Masya'ikh), biasarrya keantnan Arab, yang nzuaiibkan ja.na'ah untuk, mentaati sqala pe- inahrrya Syaihh rmdahan biamnyamnrasangurif sekiar 500 sampai 700 dn- lnr, sedanghzn tyoikh kqwk menrinu bayaran 6,000 nmpai 10,000 dnl^ar. fuoyok jama'ah yang tidak nmnpenapkan pj akrnnya dmgnn bai"k, sehingga di tnrgah pery aknan bQinya itu maeha hzbabisan uang. glzh satu cara untuk. bist rnernptr- tahanknn bidup, klupulangke analt air, adallh dmgan kknjo di unah Arab, aaufurhuungkepadasyai.l<h-syaileh. Bnryakjama'ahyanga"khimyaterlilitkban huangyang Ltur bian Ketagantungan pada huanginilah yang kernudim meftye- ramerekammjadi hdak diArab. Terkadanguntukfufuapa ahura eapi ada juga yang seurnw hi^dup, tngantung pada fuban huung yang diptkulrrya Konsul Hajiperrwinah Hindia-Beknda mmraat, binga awal abad. ke-20, seklu saja ada jama ah hQi dnri Hindiz-klanda yang di,pdagangkan sebagai budak di kd- dah di senzp ahunruya Btasa;nya fuasal dariMakassar dan Sumatra Serrua faku ini menglsyaratkan bahua a.pa yang teryadi dalam kaiunrrya d*g* bubungan Indnnsiz-fuudi Arabia hkanlah suatu masakh keaga.ntaan yang murrcul dakm ptjalznzn tbadah bala mclainhnn jaliran prakti"h ekornmi yang komplehs dnn runtit yang terbangtn atas motioasi kugamaan. Praktik ekonnrni senacam iakh yang baranghnli mcsih rrmnpmgan rhi pok bubungan masyarakzt klnm Indnrnsia dmgan fuitdi Arabia dewas ini" Masakh tenaga ker- ja di Arab yang hlzkzngan ini munrul barangkali bisa dij elzskan mekki pende. kaunstudiinl Studia IsLaniha, VoL 4, No. 4, 1997 O:*b u;;QY d+{J4lf )ltootl 3,.i 's+t*s=i*l Jo*llg i:ls*Jl,fura-rgJl uU, U lrf :i-r>[*Jt C".:,=Jl .X .r|*Jl: ;t:!1 JUlf Cr"F f4 of; ,L*1 ,:,!Jl ,.-J1tJ1 Jl-* a- s>s'Jtt,Jr-i,*!l ..rr)-!t a+rJl iKtJt, LiyJl kJ" L+*,3*1 d,* '}J-J 6 u:ll cr--!l e^-* ca*.r-r-Jl ,r;1r!l ,?;d i9*lt;tdl Jf "l.j+a- Jf t8 airJ"*Jl \rt*a.i cel:t-"lj \f dL*U +y-!1 4+/:lJ \f ,*s 1.!-J1 -rK)U rs a,.G a.rJ"*Jl |,.:Lc c!1 c,r,)-!l ,i a ,r-.rJt ..:i-p a-.La 7r." ;l\ ;-rJ irr.L*Jl .-,K-Jt ,* ;\ k+ il:, L:-*;-ul o! trl- ci-l;.r-U rl ;--6X l-;1;r;r ,-r!3;a:/ +-'JU eli'rf ty'uft ; ,p4 !l a-6-g*' "r(Jtr "4-]4 l-[o lr; -;p!t n:r!t .,e .:.r-2!r. Lf:l- p}-!l ,^! lllJl ;r ;rriJl !t!: !U^: >rlys liLJ ir.1+" ..)i ,.rJleLi*,. b.f: cav)-!l eJr-:Jt J/Jl i:". :)Ul JJIJ Jl J.+;!U i""}*Jl .,'. .-r!T ob JlJi ")., cg;:)\*Jl .dtrul )\.f ; ,p. U e<." b-* oir.:Lll A oSS ,.:r ;*, iJL'", a-..: du:4; eUi y-r c'U-* 4lt .1J #-:Jl lil3 oL-rill li--6 oF rJUi ; ;r.-rl ,-l"l/1 a.1;jr ;l,9rJl J'* ,lJJ dr^<j ;,-e .e.-^i ,5\ q&.ri ;(-" e fl 4\r in" $ Jill .Jt .,!Jl Ae ryb)\ ps ol J;r-*; LJUJI oj-41 cq:t=.:!!1 J,l/lJ ilLJ1 J.Ui 111 Studia Islamika, Vol. 4, No- 4, 1997 11,2 lzurmce Husson j JI-JIJ a;)Ud;!l *tUl_, 9L> dr" dJl JJtJt ..*S ir", ii)\.Jl .L.-*3-ti1; q.l\ ,t c-,ti)\'Jl :-b gti ,-ri S, -r-.*3-u!1 i*J*Jt fui -* Jl! x1r" up CEU-, $2 tV-Jl :;.-;-.rJt &t/L+ afb a,-rJ'.Jl +rJt KIJr !l aL; ,-,!j ca*-rj-Jl -,*b)t .jrtrYl ,-JI ,rU-- a,i +- ;p_(1 ;a_*l\ ,y e)\ ,!l 6u*-r J lF L-rgl:i ,ti :..-*r-rJ (aiKJl ..,l.rtJt ,t g;t a;"-; ol tll ai+J; c-,LrL--, a:-9-,r "t-" eilJ ob-t ar$d) 4s ot:t-r.rl "^-z;rilt.j-o;--o $ Ljl<.Jl f*tijl ,r*i:Jf j:rf Oi + cJLit V ,.di !-AJl )Lbri),/61-: 6ja)1.-r)-."-!lr ca.it*Jl -r+ ;,, a;j- ijq li-A ci--r-e-Jl G,J ,r.alr!t JI "p rUf 6t-.Jt e ,.,.*- *t Cl *-)ts q-J\.srJ;t-")1 o[Jl Jl 6t*-.ll U ,":S t--lj ;.;3. wL-!9.:.uJt -b--*Jl g1r,_-ty|_f t*]: .i.J-)l ju::_! !_t "Jl c,jrt rUJl ef r$: ..':j-,LJl CFt64l ,* a*lrJl ti'nl-St l,rji;^--,--rl l,rrrt ."1 L 15, l-6;.:-r-cf ,oJ,)t u)t -tty'Ht -Sss er\ JldJrJ+ fj;<* o*..+Jr g.r-1i c.-.'; Jy.L" C"tUl Ct-""-.Jl 0- \#,Ji 4-i-uJ#t .r{f a,.rG .3!l *11 ;. :t-,*jJ oyp- ,i il.t r;JJ (e--Jl cJL +) -*\ LnL. d )tn .:*!t ,4 6 Us J-Jl 6Jt_z.:j Z-,-rJt ;+rJlJ -^l- fty a.t'Jt S* a"Ut V-,-.., ,r-a._.jl Jlt -"trjl J:l--9 cg;.:$t ,:* OaL!\,J/J1 "L, qitdl aiy-*Jl ,i d r.:.Jt ;Jt-*;j f r pi JUU ys 6-5 *.".
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