<<

the

Gill

Lawful

the

and

of

of

I

far

still

least

decorative.

a

it

is

could

1AUL

770,

t

famous

commemorated

the

not

March

following

On

of late

the

and as

possible

SIR,

There

Gill

far

£

of

three

the

the

appears

be

When

dictates

advertisements

because

ç

as

March

horrid

all

Money.”

from

for

confidence

(Price

located, I

evidence

artist

26,

as

were

thought

his

REVERE’S

engravers

The

“Printing

I

I

being

letter

of

heard

the

Massacre

engravings.

knew

29,

1770,

of

and

I-lonoui-

three

mystery

One

On

and

its

same

I

one

Boston

and

goes

1

solved.

to

patriot, had

that

you

770,

rarity.

carried

March

Shilling

constitute

the

Paul

prints

in

of

Trust 200

entrusted

and

was

advertisement,

you

in

the the

of

Henry

late

King-street.”

It

those

Justice

Impressions

not

was

Revere:

and

its

More

I

of

great

newspapers

is

the

28,

reposed

Charles

Lawful)

origin

capable

cutting

the

the

it

its

problems

by

Pelham,

Massacre”

following

than

1770,

in

than

events

Massacre,

“THuRsD\y

crude

corner-stone

Pelham,

Massacre

the

in

and

of

a

52 to

E.

only

hands

plate

you.

of

twenty-five

A

Revere

doing

take

In

coloring is

Goodspeed

of

the

the

that

Massacre.”

Print,

the

important.

But the

advertisement,

is

American

of

Revere,

the

of

Boston

issued

I\IORNG.

it

claims

the

the

Boston

a

are

price unless

I

undue

in

of

person

find

containing

and most late

his

any

somewhat

copies

in

and

handled

painter

for

BosToN,

is

you

I

advantage

Murder,

design

Day

Gazette,

history,

who

The

Massachusetts

American

was

changed famous

1770

priority

Mulliken.

coppied

of

had

mistaken

Book

“To

Boston

and

MARCH

a

made

at

the

I

perplexing

more

it

you

Representation

and

also

thought

least

to

be

it

on

engraver,

was

charges

original

collection.

from

have

“Eight

it

Ez’ening

and

of

most

The

Sold regard

29,

the

a

engraved

exceedingly

in

March

dozen.

it

10.

done

after

mine

part

sequence

im

by

desirable

1770,

Edes

and

to

Revere

wrote

Pence

Edes

Post

of

This

26,

But

are

of

by

&

as at ’S ENGRAVINGS 53

being at the great Trouble an ice of making a design paying for paper,print ing &c. find myself in the most ungenerous ln-r ved not only of any proposed Advantage but even of the expence I have been at, as truly as if you had plundered me on the highway. If you are insensible of the Dishonour you have brought on ourseif by this Act, the World will not be so. However, I leave you to reflect upon and consider of one of the most dishonorable Actions you could well be guilty of.

H. PELHAM.

P S. I send by the Bearer the prints I borrowed of you. My Mother desired you would send the hinges and part of the press, that you had from her.” ( Historical SocietyCollections, 1914, Volume 71, page 8, and also photostat of original which is in Entry Book of letters dispatched, in the British Public Record Office, Colonial OfficeRecord, C.O. 5/39, Part I, f. i.) Following the letter is also a bill from Daniel Rca,Jr., March, 1770, for “Printing j5 of your Prints ia/Pr.Hund. 3:9:” (Ideni, page 84).

In the Boston Evening Post of April 2, 1770, appeared this advertisement, “To be sold by T. & J. Fleet, and Edes &Gill, [Price Eight Pence] The Fruits of Arbitrary Power: An Original Print, representing the late horrid Massacre in Kingstreet, taken on the Spot.” The same advertisement, except for a transposition of the names of the printers, was in the of the same date. In the American Antiquarian Society collection is an engraving of the Massa cre with the following inscription at the top: “The Fruits of Arbitrary Power, or the Bloody Massacre, perpetrated in King Street Boston, on March 5th 1770, in which Messrs. Saml. Gray: SamI. Maverick. James Caidwell. . Patrick Carr were killed. Six Others Wounded Two of them Mortally.” Under neath is a quotation from the Ninety-fourth Psalm, with a skull and cross-bones in the lower left-hand corner and a sword broken by lightning in the right-hand corner. The size of the print is 9i6 by 84 inches, within the rectangular lines. The print is unsigned, and this copy, one of two known and the only perfect copy, is partially colored. There is a water—markof a crown, with the letters “LVG,” which Dard Hunter assures me is probably the water-mark of Lubertus van Ger revink, a highly regarded paper-maker of Holland. There is not the slightest question in my mind but that the print entitled “The

in

can

ing

him ton,

I

Amory’s

regarding

great

of

don

Rowan,

Society

“certainly on

Britain

although

1\/Iassacre.” market.

that

time

advertised

Original ing

against

first

777

Peiham,

newspapers

engraving

Fruits

full

Desmond,

Antiquarian

the

“Painters

written

both

That

iVotes

his

is

part

advertised

he

Pelham’s

size

well of i

1777

Proceedings,

after

print.

noting

Edes

876.

Life

In

is

an

on

of

Henry

I

Arbitrary

Print

in

and

Pelham’s

painted

by

his

sending

have

in

a

engraved

engraver

a

March

as

the

his

published

Map

of

and

The

letter

&

large

Then,

Henry Queries,

i

print,

a

a

prints

859,

Gill Jo/in

Society on

.

Celebration

“Representation departure

mezzotint

Pelham

not

Engravers best

.

and

of

March county

29,

of

Power” to

.

later

on

in

which

May,

been

“The and

S.

Boston,

and

Peiham.

reached

taken

May

engraved

wrote

sketch

Series

by

the

his

and

March

Copl’y,

could

a

BOSTON

a

life

and

able

him

to

26,

painter. Boston

i

Fruits highly

by

brother

notes in

I

in

866,

of

on

in

his

and that

i,

of

in

baronial

the Henry

most

Revere’s the 1770,

1770,

i/ic

June

to

z8

engrave

New

Volume

the

letter

1882,

a

Henry

several

of

Ireland,

the Volume

locate

country.

of

picture

valuable

American

street,

newspapers

for

Centennial

The

at

the

of

MASSACRE, Spot.”

,

Arbitrary

to

and

England”

map

Pelham

upbraiding

printing

pages

the

map,”

Newton

print,

late Charles

i

Pelbam, prints

4,

Map

some

of

8o6.

Revere’s

put

on

9,

of

where

Boston

page

William

map.

Henry

Note

horrid

3—5,

Antiquarian

page

The

County

of

and

on

of

which

lie

Anniversary

of

of is

200

Power,”

in

“two

Pelham,

306,

Boston,

There

Katharine

well

sale.

by

April

those

Revere

quotes

he

Finding

the

gives

libraries, says

204,

1770

print Pelham’s

the

Massacre

impressions

H.

Denison

was

contains

died

Clare

known

word

Revere

of

that

which Massachusetts

2,

considerable are

says

Whitmore,

published

and

a

had

for

described

Henry

Society

my letter

I

in

of

of copies

770,

Fitzgerald,

in

and

Pelham

that

surreptitiously

“Original.”

engravings,

described in

already

R.

Moses.”

to

the

an

prints

r

entered

he

Ireland,

8o6.

King-street”

of it

by

the

Slade,

a

Pelham

article

collection

Henry

made

Evacuation

in

is

week

in

the

John

in

in

information

executed

antiquarian,

the

reproduced

Martha

of

flooded

London

the

Historical

his

The

his

Massacre.

and

it

is

Countess

by

in

Ameri

later,

the

Pelham

includ

Single

records

as

By

in

charge

article

Boston

Great

A.

copy

Lon

calls

is

“An

the

late

was

the

the

of

the

B.

“a

in

B.

he 55

to

though

tions, used

standing

copies

print,

inches

size

others.

signed

by

was some

their Peiham

customary delivered.

sceptics

AU

printed

issue of

volume setts

Monthly

May,

Leicester

Publications

the

193—211.

circulating

the

The of

in

an

of

the Pelham’s left, way,

portion at the

of

Historical

high

the

the

at

it. Peiham

outstanding

Peiham’s

i

for least to 8,

the

by

Revere

intended differences

first

8, water—mark

He

has

print

Pelham

for

query Ford

without

No

in

by

the

Lobertus

page

Bibliographer,

in

William of

was the

glance

April

so

seven

of

84

comment

letters

letter

Massachusetts

some

is contributed

engraving

the

significant

whether

Society

227.

letters

the

eighteenth

to

an

7/

“Fruits

patriot

wide

credit

of profit.

columns between

they van

publish

engraver,

is

copies

Colonial

copied

to

In

H.

that

inches

PAUL

a

were

and

to upon

crown, Gerrevink

Revere

i

Peiham’s

or

Whitmore

seem

902

and

of

is

It

the

year, page

a

an

which

acknowledgment.

from

it

century

the

too

print.

instead

the

in

Arbitrary

is

high Historical

saw the

Paul

article

REVERE’S

Society

edges was

identical.

not

all

the

and

in

well

i

print,

did

Peiham

the

i.

matter

the letter

by I a

which

Certain

an

printed of

form

Leicester

underneath

read of

have matter

for of not on

manuscripts Then

known

811

Flolland,

opportunity

artist, of

or

Power.”

eight

the

the

was

engravers

Society

The

of

the

by

and

;

he come

Massachusetts,

seen, possibly

also

in

in

text.

ENGRAVINGS

of

rough

Copley—Peiham

wide

printed

written

and Revere

to Ford

letter

in

Revere

the

Perhaps

Revere

i

surmise.

is 9

the

are it

need

the

to

As

in

The

I

could

a

is

in

4

for

Society’s

of

printed

drafts,

to

he

the

light

at

same

capital

Volume

can

that

Worthington

cupola

the

only

the

has

a

furthering

copy

print

water-mark

the

a

engravings

even

letterc

detailed

Revere

meeting

only

be Certain

Public

Peiham—Revere

he

ever water-mark

until

in

size

which

1

the

seen

letter anything

898,

has

of

ProcccJinc,

never

shared draft

7

letters

copy

L

1

been

of

the

letter

did

the

in

Record

of

description.

i

V

it

the

of

Volume

893,

the

has

“W.”

form,

could

C. are

G, the

First

in

the

is

its not

the

moon

to

found.

with

patriot

in

that

which

cut,

the Ford

cau’ed

supposedly

which

Ci!ectins.

many,

the

reproduc

decignc

when know

the

Macachu_

()t}ice

and

In

Church

have

letter.

Revere Pelham

Series

or

facing

il/antic

Revere

ç,

had

other It

March

cause

never

came

The

wa

some

94

pae

that

al

Paul

de

was

and

of

all

In 2, , 1770 57 to the left of the Town House, omits a smoking chimney behind the figure of the unicorn, omits a slender steeple to the right of this chimney, has no clear design of the sun-dial on the Town House, and inserts the words “Butcher’s Hall” on the second story of the “Custom House.” The chief difference between the two engravings is the inscription above and below, as will he seen in the repro ductions. The Peiham engraving is drawn with a much freer hand, has more depth and artistic expression, and gives a more lifelike feeling to the figures of the soldiers — all of which would be expected from an artist of Pelham’s ability. The third engraving of the 1\lassacre, apparently contemporaneous, is that in scribed “Jona. Mulliken Newbury Port sculp.” This follows the Revere print al most exactly, except that there are a sufficient number of differences, such as hav ing only six columns in the cupola of the First Church, the use of “ye 29th Regt” instead of “the 29th Regt,” and many variations in the drawings of lines and letters, to show that it was an independent print, and not a restrike. The size of the i\Iulliken print is 9 inches high by 8 wide, to the edges of the text. Jonathan Mulliken was a clock-maker of Newburyport who was born in i 746 and died in 1782. Although he is not credited with any other printed engravings, he is known to have executed some etching on the brass faces of clocks. The Newburyport

Essex Journal of May 25, 1 774, has his advertisement as a clock- and watch maker. From the appearance of his print of the Massacre it would seem to be a fairly faithful copy of Revere’s work and was probably issued contemporaneously for sale in Newburyport. There was no Newburyport newspaper in I 770 to ad vertise such a print, and no other paper in Salem or Boston mentioned it. There are copies of this print owned by the American Antiquarian Society, Harvard College, Henry L. Shattuck of Bocton, Miss Caroline C. Hollingsworth of York, , Charles F. Rowley of Bocton, the Winterthur Museum, and the William 13. Goodwin Estate of Hartford. Most of these copies are colored. In connection with Revere’s print, it should he noted that there was a vari ant, with the hands of the clock on the First Church pointed to 8 o’clock, instead of 10.20 o’clock. This \vac rst noticed, co far as I can find, in the 1902 Catalogue \umber 8 of Burnham’s Antique Book Store, number 41, priced at $700 and reproduced in the catalogue. This copy was previously owned by Francis LeBaron

Antiquarian

Restrikes shilling

it

the

only

engrave

Boston,

title

Annual

owned

in

of

matter, 1770.”

inches,

wide,

used

12

ance

light;

measured

Pelham

the

so-called

A.

\Iiddendorf, 497,

logue

Auction

Goodwin,

a

top,

a

The

and

in at

populous

late H.

Edes

hands

it

in

printing

the

the

notes.

removing

$

by

according

Report in

in

the in

exactly

with

Rich (See

original

King

i

19,

have

Military

print.

000.

&

top,

issue the

issuing

the

“eight Catalogue,

1908,

at

Society

8J

1\Iassachusetts

Gill

a

The

1770,

the Plate

well-regulated

of

io:o.

Street

been

Archives

is

Ne-York

Apparently surgeon’s

the

II,

for

Presumably

of

as

by

New

not owned

copper-plate

the

no.

cut

o’clock”

to

Massacre

late

July

i\Iassacre

of

account

originally

1930. has

9J no.

and

made

the

occurred

only

title,

Revere

334,

taking

Greenwich,

York,

April

in

a

8,

by

i6,

also

S/irt

inches.

Office.

PAUL

mate

March, dozen

puhlihed

A

and

from

$1200;

i

of

Historical

Frank print

thee

paper

775.

side

slightly

the defaced

three

at and,

could

using

i

Town,

the

issued. at

juct

i,

\arratne

of

in

Boston,

hands,

of varieties.

this

On It

the

ha

sales

To

REVERE’S 190;,

Massacre

Revere’s

after

money

H.

(onnecticut.

1770,

the

before columns

not

the

in

was

the

Revere’s

bottom,

copy, the

reduce reduced.) taken

the

defaced

Schramm,

the

The

were

Society,

Revolution.

plate

copy

in his

or copper-plate

no.

used

a

reverse

hands

of

issue

Rosenhach

any

10

Two

showing the large

death

from

broadside

taken

Massacre

of at

68;,

i/ic

the the

shows

removing

P.M.

by

print

copper

case,

the

the

ENGRAVINGS

Consequences

of

and

at

The

The

MassaCre, of

time

plate

broadside,

the of

Revere

he

in

from

$700;

May

8:i

top. same

them

several

of

could

Burlington,

the It

is

engraved

i

Boston-Gazette,

Rosenhach

only

on

Catalogue

956,

many

of

is

to

o.

took

the

is

reproduced

all

the

It

print

25,

now

copy,

the

proper

The

the

in

are

when

advertised

not

was

Buton

of

known

smooches

Boston

the to

five

George

clock 19

times.

1775,

the

engraving, old,

in

be

only, of

“ten

Mr.

now

headed

the

height

inches

he

size the

Iowa. columns easily

of

Quartering

verses. copy

Massacre,

perhaps

from

Gazette

complete

Middendorf.

o’clock”

altered

was owned 10,

The with

March, in

I). State

he

and

in

of

was

of

“An

high

seen

the

cut 12,

As the Smith’s

engaged the

American

part

March the

scratches.

8

of

House

sold

by

early

of

reduced

for Society’s

by

it

and

Account

indistinct

by

print

1913, Anderson

but

copy

Troops

printed disturb

March

of

off

J.

x

moon

date

to

i5/

Cata

they

Wm.

the

9ic

i8

This in

i

at

to in

Dr.

has

2,

is no. in

“Revere Icmorial

Narrative, Process).” Dictionary c.re, he Kidder

exact gett’s

it Paul cre, duced, lain and I

Smith, key nations

Volume says 6o was WriIsor)s the Revere’s his other the 770,

was

his

omits

It pen-and-ink

British

An Boston,

collection to nineteenth li/s

that

first i

Revere,

facsimile

Narrative 8o, edition

with a has

Short

describe with

plate

reduced

facsimile for

interesting Engraving,

mention

engraved i, it hand.

Narrative

reproduced

been

History

calls Kidder page

of

such used was

the

soldiers.

identification

Narrative I

has

of 770, Books 1942,

in

as frequently

It

streets drawn century,

all

for

the 73. from defects

and

a

the plan

the

of

of

all

was

line

a

does

of carried

such side—light

a

and the

a

Neither

Narrative, large relating This 1901, of

following

Crtical

same Boston

plate,

in Boston, plate.

again

of

the

by

and

below

was

the

not

original carefully

Critical

locations.

one

his

the

Revere, BOSTON

plan

supposed

folding

of

original

the

lettering small

page house

accompanied

mention

reproduced although

Frederic

Public chapter

Chamberlain

to scene

showing the

the

History,

on i

view was

page America,

88 i

engraving

History,

Revere’s 99,

victims

849,

print,

removed.

owners frontispiece

and picture i,

William

of

size

that

formerly

Library.

and of

Volume MASSACRE,

the

reproduces

on

146,

Kidder,

later the

all

the showed i

the

in

“Am.

of

the

888,

“The

much

plate

killed.

by

shown

massacre of

1869,

F. i888, of connection lettering

the

nor

in

by iz

massacre

Short

Loring

the

a

the

H.

owned

3,

Volume

in

his

Photo-Litho.

Paul

original

plate or folding Goss

a

of

Revolution

number

page The

Volume the Goss’s

frontispiece

smooches the

massacre, in

by

its

work,

the

Narrative

which

and 1770

the

Revere,

reproduced

Andrews,

History

source. by

as

plan,

8

plan

as

design

with

3

6,

plate

inches. 9, Life

is

original, Doggett,

a Mellen figures

in

6739,

6,

page

implies photographically

frontispiece.

is

was

engraved on

the which 1891,

Impending”

page

of

yet Justin

Co. now

of were

of

of

view,

the

Paul

in

47,

In used

in Boston

tile

the are

the

the it

Chamberlain,

N.

48.

but

in

number his

listing that

except

omitted.

was

appeared Esther copper,

says

Horrid

undoubtedly

Winsor,

Boston

but

Massacre,

original

Y. Revere,

the

in

by

Chamberlain

Paul

substituted

the far

Massacre

John

(Osborne’s the

stated

definitely:

Chamber

Sidney

the

in

that

Forbes’s

from

8o,668,

and

Boston,

Massa

Massa

Revere

trial

Sabin’s

repro

in in

justin desig

Short i

Dog 891,

that

and

and

the

the the

an

an

L.

of in

i

a

I

able

Also,

Sea had

few

written

the

cept

tor.

black

coloring

with

and

dence

small

copy

it

the

scription

be

not

Carr

IVlessrs.

“The

frontispiece

Andrews, “first

issued

official

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in 71 74 BOSTON MASSACRE, 1770

Bewick Company. This was a woodcut completely redrawn, with some details omitted and several new figures inserted. Its size was 51I6 inches high by 513/16 wide, to the border lines. It was signed “H,” the signature of Alonzo Hartwell, on the publishing taff of the magazine. When the Boston Bewick Company failed in i 836, their stock was taken over by other Boston publishers. The Family Maga zine for June, 1838, Volume 6, page , published at by J. S. Redfield, used the same wood-block, taking the text from C. H. Snow’s . The Boston 7IJcekly ]‘vlagazinc of May I I, 1 839, Volume i, page 281, published by John B, Hall, also used the same cut, copying the text from the American Magazine of 1835. During the next decade this woodcut was extensively printed on copy-book covers issued by the successors of the Boston Bewick Company, and sold to . arious booksellers in Boston and surrounding towns. It was also used on the back cover of The Stranger’s Guide, or Information ahout Boston and Vicinity, an eight-page pamphlet published at Boston in i 844 by John B. Hall. Here it is erroneously called a “fac simile of a copperplate engraving issued by Paul Revere.” The American Antiquarian Society has all of the items mentioned in this para graph. Only the cut in the American Magazine is herewith reproduced. In is a colored print, 7 by inches, entitled Boston Massacre, and described as from an original painting by Alonzo Chappel, pub lished by Johnson, Fry &Co., New York. It is an imaginative view, quite different from the eighteenth-century prints.

In Ballou’s Pictorial Drawing-Room Companion of February 3, i Vo1- ume 8, page 72, is a view of the Boston Ivlassacre, entitled “State Street in i 770.” It is an imaginative drawing by Samuel W. Rowse, with the background of build ings following Revere, hut the grouping of soldiers and inhabitants completely changed. It carries an original text, measures 74 inches high by 9j/ wide, and is not herewith reproduced. Also not reproduced is the large colored lithograph of the Massacre drawn by W. Champney and lithographed by Bufford in i86. Below the design it bears the title “Boston Massacre, March th 1770,” and the imprint “Published by Henry Q. Smith 284 Washington St. Boston.” Below the picture is: “Drawn by W. Champney. J. H. Bufford’s Lith. 313. Washington St. Boston.” Below the

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