29246 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 25, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS THE WORK OF PEACE As we struggle in the days ahead to negotiators were widely criticized and disap­ clarify our purposes and our policies in proved of at home. Benjamin Franklin said HON. CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, JR. Lebanon, for we surely must, I com­ of his efforts on the Treaty, "The blessing mend this speech to my colleagues, to promised to peace makers, I fancy, relates OF MARYLAND to the next world, for in this they seem to IN THE U.S. SENATE President Reagan, and to others in the have a greater chance of being cursed." administration concerned with keep­ Tuesday, October 25, 1983 Both sides, but especially the English, had ing the peace and to the people of the the perennial problem of hawks. In England e Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. President, one United States who will play a critical there was a strong war party, and the Gov­ of the wittiest Members of this body, role in sustaining whatever consensus ernment had a tenuous majority in the Par­ on being opportuned by another col­ we are able to construct. It is a bril­ liament. The Earl of Shelburne, the Prime league to read one of his speeches, re­ liant speech and, at the same time, Minister, was driven from office as a result plied: "I only read my own speeches overflows with practical advice in the of the Treaty, and David Hartley, the nego­ tiator, retired from public life forever. Then and I only read them once." mechanics of the peace process. as now, the options of Governments were That humorous, offhand remark ex­ The text of the speech follows: extremely narrow-much narrower than presses how most politicians feel about THE WORK OF PEACE I most people are willing to realize-because reading speeches-their own and

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. October 25, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29247 the sunset from New York. This is not what or discomfort can also help. Ralph Bunche, ful and has far greater fire power than any the world is all about. my old mentor and friend, who achieved the UN operation. At this moment it has the Two hundred years later, although the ur­ impossible in negotiating the Armistice support of at least three aircraft carriers. gency and the time frame have changed, the Agreements between Israel and her Arab But it also has much less flexibility, less ca­ basic factors remain much the same, and so neighbours in 1948 and 1949, conducted his pacity to act, and is far more vulnerable does the public attitude to those engaged in negotiations on the island of Rhodes in con­ when things go wrong. This is because it has the work of peace. I shall quote as good a ditions of some severity, not least because a narrow political base, being perceived by description of this attitude as any I know. the food in the Hotel des Roses was almost most people in the Middle East as a West­ "Constantly rebuffed but never discour­ inedible. He always maintained that this ern, NATO operation. Moreover, its four aged, they went round from state to state had been a great help in the negotiations. separate contingents have no articulate, helping people to settle their differences, One should beware of well-fed or comforta­ unified command structure. This is all right arguing against wanton attack and pleading ble negotiators. when nothing is happening, but when for the suppression of arms, that the age in But above all, it is the attitude, and the things go wrong it is a very considerable which they lived might be saved from its character, and the courage, and the skill, in hazard, because each contingent will go its state of continual war. To this end they that order, of those who are working for own way according to its national instruc­ interviewed princes and lectured the peace that will in the end really count. I tions and preoccupations. Thus when things common people, nowhere meeting with any quote from HammarskjOld once again the go wrong, as they have in recent weeks in great success, but obstinately persisting in rules which he set out for workers for peace. Lebanon, the Multinational Force can their task, till kings and commoners alike They are, admittedly, very high-minded. become very controversial. It can become grew weary of listening to them. Yet unde­ "It is more important to be aware of the part of the problem rather than the referee terred they continued to force themselves grounds for your own behaviour than to un­ of the problem, and it can come to be on people's attention." derstand the motives of another. viewed as one-sided and partisan. That was a description of his followers by "The other's 'face' is more important than Unfortunately in Lebanon it is now ex­ the Fourth Century B.C. philosopher, Sung your own. If, while pleading another's tremely difficult to change course. Last year Tzu. Again, nothing very much has cause, you are at the same time seeking it was Israel and the United States who ob­ changed. something for yourself, you cannot hope to jected to a UN peace-keeping force or ob­ Governments-especially democratic gov­ succeed. servers in Beirut. Fourteen months later, ernments-often have narrower options "You can only hope to find a lasting solu­ ironically, it is the United States and Israel than ever. Or at least governments think tion to a conflict if you have learned to see and the Government of Lebanon who long they have very narrow options, partly be­ the other objectively but at the same time for a United Nations force to take over, and cause the media and the present state of to experience his difficulties subjectively. Syria and the Soviet Union who object to it. communications have made almost instant "The man who 'likes people' disposes once This is very frustrating. We must persist in public reaction possible. To complicate mat­ and for all of the man who despises them. trying to find a means to balance the situa­ ters further, there always seems to be an "A successful lie is doubly a lie, an error tion once more in the interests of the people impending election somewhere which justi­ which has to be corrected is a heavier of Lebanon. fies procrastination and delay. At the burden than truth. Only an uncompromis­ Over and above the immediate objectives present time we have elections coming up in ing honesty can reach the bedrock of decen­ Turkey and Argentina. We have a referen­ cy which you should always expect to find in a situation like Lebanon. the point of dum on the Constitution in South Africa. even under deep layers of evil." peace-keeping is to control regional conflicts There is a change of leadership in Israel. I have to repeat that these are very high­ in a world where local conflicts can easily And of course, as every four years, there is minded principles, but they have a great escalate and ignite a global nuclear conflict. an election impending in the United States. depth of perception and truth. The best For this reason, and in this context, our These prospects further complicate the pos­ single word is, perhaps, integrity. rather modest efforts take on a considerable sibilities for effective action in the pursuit To work in the making of peace you must importance. It is a technique which must be of peace. understand other people's motives and you developed, understood and supported if it is It is important to remember that the work must remain above the conflict. In this con­ to work. of peace can be physically dangerous. There nection, I would like to say a word about the The work of peace is never finished and are always extremists in the world, and art of peace-keeping, which provides the at­ seldom gives totally satisfactory results. Im­ sometimes they are prepared to resort to mosphere in which negotiations can go for­ mense patience is required. But the actual murder to impede the work of peace. I think ward. This is especially relevant in the light effort to make peace is the wall between of Count Bemadotte, our Mediator in the of our current concerns over the situation in some tolerable degree of order and expecta­ Middle East; of King Abdullah, the most Lebanon. tion in the world, and anarchy, cynicism and farsighted of post-war Arab statesmen, who After 38 years and 17 peace-keeping oper­ despair. Momentum is absolutely essential was assassinated for his stand for peace in ations, I have a dream about peace-keeping. in order to keep some reasonable degree of the Middle East. I think of Gandhi, who It is that we shall have peace-keeping oper­ balance in what otherwise would become was murdered because he preached the co­ ations in which the forces of the United desperate conflict situations. The effort for existence of Hindu and Moslem. I think of States and the Soviet Union and other great peace is a very important part of the battle. the moderates of the Palestine Liberation powers take part under the mandate and di­ Let me conclude with some don'ts for Organization and of President Sadat. The rection of the United Nations. I doubt if I workers for peace which come from a long work of peace can also be violent. shall see it in my lifetime, although it must personal experience. Over and above personal physical danger, come eventually. That, after all, is basically Don't forget that timing is essential and great moral courage is needed. Who will what the UN Charter suggested. But until that there is a right time and a wrong time have the courage, for example, to take the that time comes along we have to do our for everything, just as it says in the Bible. vast risk of reversing the nuclear arms race? best with something less satisfactory. The Don't dive into an empty pool. This may It is perhaps the greatest statesmanship principles underlying our wide-ranging create a temporary sensation, but it will question of our time. peace-keeping operations have been rela­ leave you stunned and incapable of further What are the basic requirements of the tively simple. They must have broad politi­ action. It is equally inadvisable to dive into work of peace? I quote again from Dag cal support and a broad base in the world a pool of boiling water. You must establish HammarskjOld. community. Force can be used only in self­ in advance at least the minimal conditions "Politics and diplomacy are no play of will defense, and therefore our peace-keeping required for productive work. and skill where results are independent of operations are lightly armed. Don't rely too much on reason. Sometimes the character of those engaging in the Our peace-keepers must remain above the an appeal to fear, prejudice or vanity is game. Results are determined not by super­ conflict; they must never become part of it. more effective. ficial ability, but by the consistency of the Their aim should be to ensure the cessation Don't get dragged in on one side of a con­ actors in their efforts and by the validity of of hostilities and the maintenance of peace flict and then expect to be accepted as im­ their ideals. Contrary to what seems to be between conflicting forces and, to that end, partial. popular belief, there is no intellectual activi­ they should provide the pretext for peaceful Don't tell everyone what you think they ty which more ruthlessly tests the validity conduct and the atmosphere for negotia­ want to hear. The essence of the game is to of a man than politics. Apparently easy suc­ tion. They must have the cooperation of all establish confidence, which takes a long cesses with the public are possible for a jug­ the parties, however grudging. time. If you want to establish confidence it gler, but lasting results are achieved only by In Lebanon we see that older United Na­ is no good telling lies, which are always the patient builder." tions concept side by side with the newer found out in the end. In this most important of all tasks, per­ one of the Multinational Force. The Multi­ Don't expect to be popular. Respect will sistence is essential. Bad food, lack of food national Force is militarily far more power- do. 29248 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 25, 1983 Don't ask the people you are dealing with for the rights of the poor and the el­ teacher training in new technologies, feder­ to commit suicide. To provide a graceful derly. Jimmy's advice to us all will be ally funded resource centers to demonstrate way out of difficult situations should be the missed, but I will continue to have technology. and a Federal commission to aim. evaluate educational software. Don't claim credit for any success you many fond memories of this wonderful <2> Business-Higher Education Forum. may get. People in trouble need credit much man. My sincere sympathies to his America's Competitive Challenge: The Need more than you do. family.e for a National Response. A Report to the Don't lose your temper. except on purpose President of the United States. 1983. This or on matters of principle. report considers the United States' position Don't slam doors or let others slam them. NATIONAL EDUCATION STUDIES in international economic competition and Don't paint people into a corner. This AND WHAT THEY SAY ABOUT recommends changes in worker training and makes them dangerous, paranoid and obsti­ COMPUTERS greater cooperation between universities nate. and business. In our lifetime we have narrowed the time HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK <3> The College Entrance Examination margin for survival to very dangerous limits. Board. Academic Preparation for College: In some circumstances we may have less OF CALIFORNIA What Students Need to Know and Be Able than 18 minutes in which to make decisions IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to Do. Educational Equality Project. 1983. which can well put an end to all organized Tuesday, October 25, 1983 This report outlines the skills and knowl­ life on our planet, and shortly this time may edge that high school graduates · should go down to six minutes. We have almost in­ e Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, there have for success in college. One of the nec­ stant communications. In this technological have been at least eight major studies essary skills newly emerging according to nightmare we need more than peacemakers. released this year on the state of edu­ the report is "computer competency." We need statemanship, leadership, courage cation in America, and ways in which <4 > Goodlad, John I. A Place Called and a sense of urgency and persistence in the quality of education can be im­ School: Prospects for the Future. 1983. One adjusting our institutions and policies. Of product of a multi-year study of elementary, course the United Nations does not work as proved. Many of these studies have referred junior high and senior high schools, this it should, but that is a reason for doubling book provides an in-depth look at what our efforts to make it work as it should. For to the use of computers in the class­ takes place in schools and offers suggestions this we need a consistent and serious politi­ room-and, generally, the reports have for restructuring schools and reforming cal drive for peace and order. We must not been very favorable and supportive. teaching. Computer skills are seen as be­ be distracted by ephemeral developments or The Ways and Means Select Reve­ coming necessary for students. · foolish emotions. nue Measures Subcommittee is cur­ (5) The National Commission on Excel­ The fact that there has not been a world rently considering legislation to en­ lence in Education. A Nation At Risk: The war for 38 years has tended to make people Imperative for Educational Reform. 1983. casual and careless. The tragedy of the courage the donation of computers to schools. In preparation for a field This report recommends major changes in Korean airliner should serve to remind us school curriculum and teaching. It calls for how very dangerous a state of non-commu­ hearing in California on this issue on a semester-long computer science course as nication, or paranoia, or obsession with na­ November 11, I have asked the Library a requirement for high school graduation. tional security can be in our present world, of Congress to analyze the major edu­ <6> The National Science Board Commis­ and how much more dangerous it could be cational reports and give me quotes sion on Precollege Education in Mathemat­ in other situations which are all too easy to from those reports on the pros and ics, Science and Technology. Educating imagine. cons of computer use in schools. Americans for the 21st Century: A plan of Apart from leadership, we desperately action for improving mathematics, science need a serious drive for public education These quotes raise many questions, which I plan to explore in our Novem­ and technology education for all American about the real nature of politics, both na­ elementary and secondary students so that tional and international, and the real nature ber 11 hearings on the Computer Con­ their achievement is the best in the world of war. Governments need to be supported tribution Act, H.R. 701. by 1995. 1983. Focusing on mathematics, sci­ by constituencies who have a consistent. in­ The Library's report follows: ence and technology, this report recom­ formed and realistic view of the world. CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE, mends much broader and more rigorous ex­ We can no longer afford the public atti­ THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, posure to these subjects throughout school­ tude to the work of peace so well described Washington, D. C. ing, including a semester-long computer sci­ by Sung Tzu in the 4th Century B.C. The ence course in high schools. The National matter is now of the highest and most WHAT THE RECENT EDUCATION REPORTS SAY ABOUT COMPUTERS IN SCHOOLS Science Foundation is called on to assess urgent priority, for we are speaking of educational technology; regional teacher human survival. We not only need more In response to your request, we reviewed education and computer centers are recom­ Franklins and Hartleys; we also need the ci­ eight of the recent reports on education to mended to demonstrate new technologies; vility, the spirit, the attitude and traditions determine what role they recommend for and school districts are called upon to devel­ that made them and their work possible.e computers in elementary and secondary op explicit computer literacy plans. education. Below is an annotated listing of (7) Report of the Twentieth Century those reports followed by a selection of brief Fund Task Force on Federal Elementary IN MEMORY OF JIMMY BURKE excerpts from each. These excerpts were and Secondary Education Policy. 1983. This chosen because they address either of two report reviews the Federal role in education issues: and recommends changes. HON. WILUAM D. FORD Why computers should be OF MICHIGAN in the classroom, and how they should be <8> Task Force on Education for Economic IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Growth of the Education Commission of used; and the States. Action for Excellence: A Com­ Thursday, October 20, 1983 What problems they pose for prehensive Plan to Improve Our Nation's schools. Schools. 1983. This report focuses on actions e Mr. FORD of Michigan. Mr. Speak­ A more general consideration of many of er, Jimmy Burke was a great friend to improve the quality of education that these reports is provided in "Education in States, localities and business should under­ and a great Member of Congress. America: Reports on its Condition and Rec­ take. "Computer competency" is noted as a There have been many fine words ommendations for Change" by James B. skill high school graduates should have. written about him and he is deserving Stedman that little technical skill will be October 25, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29249 required. Few citizens of tomorrow will College Board f Educational Equality "Second, economically advantaged stu­ spend time at a computer keyboard or will Project) dents often have access to computer systems write a computer program. Therefore, the Why and How: "A revolution in communi­ at home or in schools, and thus learn to use first goal should not be hands-on experience cations and information technology is the computer as an effective tool. ... Dis­ for students. Rather, the urgent need is for making the computer a basic tool for acquir­ advantaged students may have only limited students to learn about the social impact ing knowledge, organizing systems, and solv­ access to computers, and then only in school technology has played [sic] and will play ing problems.'' (p. 11 > for drill and practice. Equal access for all [sic] in their lives." "An influence as pervasive as this re­ segments of the student population to the "The second priority for the school is to quires, among other things, an informed best technology available is clearly an im­ make it possible for students to learn with citizenry that not only understands what portant issue. Rapid growth in the number the computers. Here we have in mind the computers can and cannot do but also is of computers available in the schools may use of computers to gather informa­ aware of the problems and issues involved in ameliorate such unequal distribution. tion, ...." (p. 196, emphasis in original> their use." "Third, computers are, at their current "Learning with computers also means "Competency in its [computer] use is level of development, educational tools to helping students study specific subjects and emerging as a basic skill complementary to assist teachers. They are not replacements improve their skill in areas such as writing other competencies, such as reading, writ­ for teachers. or spelling or mathematics. Here, the com­ ing, mathematics, and reasoning.'' (p. 11> "Fourth, some currently available soft­ puter may be especially important for reme­ Problems: Not addressed. ware is not of high quality and is difficult to dial work. Today most computer programs Goodlad fA Place Called School) integrate with the curriculum. Many teach­ are, in fact, designed for rote learning." and television, computers will be peripheral with inadequate software. Improved pro­ "The third priority is to help all student to the school experience. If so, schools could grams are becoming available and much learn from computers.... The most power­ well become peripheral to human experi­ better programs are expected." (pp. 53-54) ful teaching use of the computer occurs ence." (p. 228> Twentieth Century Fund when students use technology to achieve "We are beginning to recognize that this Why and How: " ... we think that schools high-order learning, when a student can, in invention [the computer] must be as much across the nation must at a minimum pro­ a very real sense, 'converse' with the com­ a part of tomorrow's school for students of vide the same core components to all stu­ puter and develop better thinking in the all ages as the pencil is of today's." (p. 340> dents. These components are the basic skills process." (pp. 196-197, emphasis in original> Problems: "But the role to be played [by of reading, writing, and calculating; techni­ "The potential of technology is to free computers and other technology] in the in­ cal capability in computers; training in sci­ teachers from the rigidity of the syllabus structional process remains ill-defined." (p. ence and foreign languages; and knowledge and tap the imaginations of both teacher 341) of civics, or what Aristotle called the educa­ and student to an extend that has never National Commission on Excellence tion of the citizenry in the spirit of the been possible before." (p. 200) Why and How: "The teaching of computer polity.'' (p. 1) Problems: "Educators seem confused science in high school should equip gradu­ Problems: Not addressed. about precisely what the new miracle ma­ ates to: (a) understand the computer as an chines will do. But the mood appears to be Task Force on Education fECSJ information, computation, and communica­ Why and How: "In one sense, the advance 'Buy now, plan later.'" (p. 189> tion device; use the computer in the "This last finding [concerning the distri­ of technology in the workplace makes work study of the other Basics and for personal easier by reducing physical demands. But bution of computers among school districts] and work-related purposes; and under­ is particularly disturbing. It supports the inevitably the advance of technology makes stand the world of computers, electronics, other intellectual and psychological de­ claims of those who fear that the computer and related technologies." (p. 26, emphasis revolution in the schools may bypass disad­ mands. Even those inventions that makes in original) calculations faster and easier-computers, vantaged students." (p. 189> Problems: Not addressed. "Computer companies are aggressively for example-require a high degree of marketing hardware and even giving sophis­ National Science Board Commission adaptability [of workers]." (p. 14> ticated equipment to the schools while fail­ Why and How: "It is critical that all stu­ "And existing learning time should be ing to help educate the teachers and failing dents gain an understanding of the oper­ made more effective in other ways as well: to prepare first-rate material linked to ation and capabilities of computers, since through the use of student 'mentors,' for school curricula or objectives." (p. 191) this technology has become an integral part example, through the use of high quality "The point is, however, that all too much of our society and is becoming more impor­ and up to date textbooks and through the of today's computer instructional material tant as time passes." (p. 47> use of technologies in education-comput­ resembles a book cover without pages. The "Modern information technologies offer a ers, film and videotape, for example-in technology is available-and increasingly af­ tremendous potential for improving educa­ ways that extend the reach of teachers." (p. fordable-but educational content that tion and could revolutionize the education 38) makes the investment worthwhile is largely process.... The microprocessor in particu­ Problems: Not addressed.e lacking.'' (p. 191) lar is likely to affect education as dramati­ "Firms are cautious about developing soft­ cally as it has every other facet or our lives. ware for the modest school market, and yet, . . . If the promise of these technologies be­ SUPPORT FOR CORRECTIONAL ironically, they are pushing computers on comes a reality, the scale of financial and EDUCATION schools with full-scale ads and tax-writeoff human resources required for elementary proposals to Congress." (p. 192> and secondary education would be substan­ HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS "Here is the essential point. The deliber­ tially reduced, while improving the effec­ ate absence of a computer policy is itself a tiveness of the process." (p. 51> OF CALIFORNIA policy with major risks. We concluded that "In a beginning stage, computer literacy is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES simply learning about computers-how to no school should buy computers, or any Tuesday, October 25, 1983 other expensive piece of hardware, until key use them and how they benefit society. At a questions have been asked-and answered. more advanced stage, computer literacy in­ e Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, one of Why is this purchase being made? Is the cludes computer programing. Computer pro­ the more neglected areas of support software as good as the equipment? What gramming is important because it provides a for education exists in the Nation's educational objectives will be served? Which marketable skill and encourages students to think algorithmically and develop problem­ prisons and jails. The Nation has a students will use the new equipment, when considerable stake in the future of its and why? Are teachers able to fit the tech­ solving skills. A large number of time-con­ nology and the software into the curricu­ suming administrative tasks could be han­ inmate populati<>n-that exceeds lum?" (p. 195) dled by computers." (p. 52) 600,000 persons-since 95 percent of Problems: " ... First, the Commission has all inmates return to society after Business-Higher Education Forum observed a substantial gap in perception as serving an average sentence of be­ Why and How: "A citizenry literate in sci­ to the utility of these systems between the tween 2 and 3 years. Yet correctional ence and math is critical to all sectors of producers and the teachers who must apply institutions, by and large, offer little American life; such skills, especially com­ them. Producers must provide materials puter-related ones, will be increasingly nec­ that are appropriate to teachers' needs, and opportunity for inmates to receive essary not only in offices and factories, but teachers must be provided with the neces­ education, vocational training, and job in schools and homes as well." (p. 12) sary training to apply this technology effec­ skills that would prepare them to re­ Problems: Not addressed. tively. enter society in a productive way. 29250 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 25, 1983 One proposal to strengthen inmate pany incarceration and recidivism. These inmates received. Whereas the general education has been advanced by my costs not only include the billions of dollars inmate population in that institution had a colleague, Congressman JOHN CoN­ spent to maintain and expand correctional repeater rate of 34 percent, the inmates who facilities, but also the costs of public assist­ had completed a business education pro­ YERS. His legislation, The Federal Cor­ ance to inmate families and the costs to so­ gram had a rate of only 4 percent. An Ohio rection Education Act has recently of the reauthorization of the Vocational Correctional Center for Women found that undertaken a joint demonstration program Education Act, also would reduce the tre­ the recidivism rate diminished in relation to with the Department of Education, but has mendous fiscal and social costs that accom- the extent of training and education that assigned only a single staff aide to correc- October 25, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29251 tiona! education. NIC focuses its assistance FIELD HEARING ON COMPUTER and among economically divergent school on prison maintenance rather than inmate DONATION TAX LEGISLATION; districts. The Committee hopes to deter­ education. SUBCOMMITTEE SEEKS AN­ mine whether the California experience In 1979 the Comptroller General reported SWERS TO EDUCATIONAL might serve as a useful model for a national to Congress that "most States could use QUESTIONS program. Federal assistance programs to help im­ H.R. 701 includes a requirement for prove curriculum materials and implemen­ HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK a plan of giving. Thus, a tax incentive tation of the education and training pro­ for the computer contribution is avail­ grams in their correctional institutions." OF CALIFORNIA able only if, among other things, "the GAO recommended the targeting of Voca­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tional Education Act assistance for the de­ contribution is made pursuant to a velopment of screening and evaluation of in­ Tuesday, October 25, 1983 written plan of the taxpayer which mates' educational needs, the creation of • Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, on No­ shall seek to prevent undue concentra­ uniform curricula in correctional education, vember 11, the Ways and Means Sub­ tions of the taxpayer's contributions and the prioritizing of vocational and on­ committee on Select Revenue Meas­ of computer equipment from the geo­ the-job training. ures will hold a hearing in San Fran­ graphic standpoint or from the stand­ In its March, 1981 report, "Vocational point of the relative economic status Education in Correctional Institutions," the cisco to obtain information on the ef­ National Advisory Council on Vocational fectiveness of California State tax leg­ of the donees' students." Education recommended that Congress islation encouraging the donation of The question is, should this plan of "include in the VEA reauthorization lan­ computers to schools, and what les­ giving requirement be expanded to in­ guage and policy assuring correctional pro­ sons the California experience has for clude such things as: grams access to funding and services under Federal tax legislation. A requirement that more than a cer­ all provisions of the Act," (b) that "Federal In 1982 the House passed and the tain percentage of the contributions funds, either through the VEA or additional Senate Finance Committee approved be made in schools where the family legislation, should be made available to up­ my bill, H.R. 5733, designed to encour­ income is below average; grade and expand existing facilities and age all computer companies to donate Teacher training, equipment upgrad­ equipment used in correctional vocational education," that "(such) funds be admin­ equipment to the Nation's schools. Un­ ing, and software assistance be provid­ istered by the state education agency rather fortunately, the bill failed to clear the ed . 59. Tony Hall . posed recovery. Auto sales and em­ would be the worst off. 60. Tom Harkin . and greater share of the market. legislation. This bill will help the 64. Elwood Hillis . 85. Clarence Long . 86. Thomas Luken . 87. Frank McCloskey . Even the American manufacturers 7. Les Aspin . 92. Edward Markey . in domestic car sales does not indicate 9. Tom Bevill . 93. Matthew Martinez . 95. Nicholas Mavroules . tension of Japan's voluntary-restraint 12. William Boner . 100. Joe Moakley . 101. Alan Mollohan . can import 300,000 small cars from 18. Thomas Carper . 102. Jim Moody . 103. Bruce Morrison . 104. Austin Murphy . 105. John Murtha . 106. Bill Nichols . 109. James Oberstar . year automobile trade policy with the 26. Norman D'Amours . 110. Solomon Ortiz . Japanese and believe that this will be 27. Robert Davis . 111. Major Owens . 119. Bill Richardson . direct automobile jobs and, in the ab­ 39. Don Edwards . 124. Edward Roybal . lion jobs throughout the economy will 42. Edward Feighan . There will be no retaliation. The 44. Thomas Foglietta . small-car market, would lose 17 to 25 47. Wyche Fowler . ments afford to retaliate against other 52. Sam Gejdenson . October 25, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29253 139. Gerald Solomon . When it was discovered that few riders are the U.S. Congress and as one who as a 140. Harley Staggers . a technological fix. ing Force in Korea in 1952. And yet, it is 142. Louis Stokes . The record of airbag restraints, sold as op­ perhaps fitting that this Conference be ad­ 143. Samuel Stratton . tions on 10,000 General Motors cars in the dressed by a private citizen of the United 144. Gerry Studds . mid-70's, shows them to be a reliable, unob­ States. As Mr. Kaddoumi of the P.L.O. said 145. Esteban Torres . trusive alternative to shoulder belts. It is es­ on Tuesday, it is to the private citizens of 146. Robert Torricelli . pants would run to about $300, half the of the U.S. government, where the Palestin­ 148. Bob Traxler . sisted an airbag requirement. tion and a Palestinian state is by changing 152. Doug Walgren . back, the Reagan Administration rescinded through their Congress, almost automatical­ 155. Alan Wheat . straints in all cars. As written, the rule United States to support Israel's invasion of 157. Charles Wilson . installing airbags or detachable automatic West Bank and Gaza. 159. Robert Wise . Rabbits. Officials guessed that Detroit regardless of what Israel does, there seexns 161. Antonio Won Pat . would opt for the cheaper belts and that the little chance to curb Israeli violation of U.N. 162. Jim Wright . Last year a Federal appeals court, wonder­ Middle East may therefore be won or lost in 165. Clement Zablocki .e ing why the Transportation Department the minds and hearts of the American didn't repair the faulty rule by insisting on people. Many of you have said this to me in airbags, called the retreat "arbitrary and ca­ the past several days. This may be the DUCKING THE AIRBAG-AGAIN pricious." In June, all nine justices of the single greatest reality which underlies this Supreme Court agreed. Mrs. Dole, then new whole Conference. on the job, promised to rethink her prede­ If, for example, after Israel invaded Leba­ HON. TOM LANTOS cessor's position. non in June 1982, the United States Con­ OF CALIFORNIA Mrs. Dole might have called for an end to gress had cut military assistance to Israel IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the 14-year-old debate and solicited com­ under the same law which we invoked to cut Tuesday, October 25, 1983 ments from the auto companies on when aid to Turkey when Turkey used U.S. weap­ they might reasonably provide airbags. In­ ons to invade Cyprus in 1975, I suspect that e Mr. LANTOS. Mr. Speaker, every stead she punted, offering a list. of alterna­ there would be no Israeli soldiers in Leba­ year 10,000 Americans die in automo­ tives that range from no passive restraints non today and no rapid building of Israeli bile accidents-10,000 men, women, to a demonstration program for airbags. She settlements on the West Bank. The massa­ and children who do not need to die. deferred a final decision until next July. cres at Sabra and Chatila may well have By the simple expedient of requiring This stale controversy would matter little been prevented. if people would use their seat belts. But Because the goals of this Conference can airbags in automobiles, these individ­ they don't, and few opponents of airbags best be achieved by a change in American uals could survive the accidents that would sanction police action to make them. public opinion, I hope you will not mind if I now claim their lives. So while Mrs. Dole ponders the options, a advance a few suggestions as to how this Furthermore, the Department of few thousand more Americans will exercise Conference can act to change American Transportation has delayed until next their right to die on the highways, and a public opinion. This is presumptuous on my July a decision on whether to require few thousand others will taste life on the part, but I hope you will forgive me for airbags on new automobiles. This con­ disability rolls. It's an expensive delay.e passing on to you the experience of 15 years troversy would make little difference, in the American Congress and ten election campaigns. I do this in part because it has if it were not for the fact that between INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE taken me so long to learn about the cultures now and next July an additional 7,500 ON THE QUESTION OF PALES­ and the political systems of the countries Americans will die, and some of them TINE you represent, and I have found, in turn, might be saved if airbags were re­ that many representatives of foreign na­ quired. HON. NICK JOE RAHALL II tions are unaware of two basic principles of Earlier this year I introduced H.R. the American system of government. 2693 the Automobile Safety Act of OF WEST VIRGINIA Indeed, many Americans are unaware of 1983. Among the provisions of this act IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES these two principles. They are almost secret Tuesday, October 25, 1983 principles-kept as secrets by politicians, is the requirement that airbags be in­ and even sometimes, at least as involving cluded on all new automobiles. I invite e Mr. RAHALL. Mr. Speaker, I would Israel, by an American press, which, as you my colleagues to join me in cosponsor­ like to bring to my colleagues' atten­ know has very few Arab reporters, newspa­ ing this needed piece of legislation. tion a speech given by a former col­ per publishers or television commentators. Mr. Speaker, I call to the attention league of ours, Hon. Pete McCloskey, The first of these secrets is that Congress, of my colleagues in the House an edi­ recently at the International Confer­ not President Reagan, presently controls torial that appeared in this morning's U.S. foreign policy. The second secret is ence on the Question of Palestine in that some 2 per cent of the American people New York Times regarding the airbag Geneva. With the situation in the presently control Congress on our foreign issue. Middle East dominating the news and policy with respect to the Palestinians. DUCKING THE AIRBAG AGAIN the deepening involvement of our U.S. Our system is not the type of parliamenta­ Why won't Washington require the auto Marines in the region, I feel that Mr. ry democracy that you see in Great Britain, industry to use a relatively inexQensive, dec­ McCloskey's speech gives us added in­ or France or Japan or Israel. Our system ades-old technology that could save 10,000 sight in the conflict in that troubled rests on an election every two years of those lives a year? Only because the inflating region of the world. representatives who alone are given the cushion restraint, popularly known as the power under our constitution to levy taxes, airbag, has become a symbol of Big Brother His speech follows: declare war, or grant money. for those who want less government. And SPEECH BY MR. PAUL N. McCLOSKEY, INTER­ It is not the President who gives three bil­ the latest word from Transportation Secre­ NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE QUESTION OF lion this year to Israel, only the Congress tary Elizabeth Dole suggests that she is re­ PALESTINE, SEPTEMBER 1, 1983 can authorize that money. If the Congress luctant to challenge conservative gospel. I am honored that you have asked me to decrees that Israel will receive 65 modern Seat belts work well to reduce auto inju­ address this Conference as a private U.S. fighter bombers, the President must ries-but only when they are fastened. citizen, particularly as a 15 year veteran of comply. The President in turn cannot sell 29254 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 25, 1983 the AWACS to Saudi Arabia or cruise mis­ U.S. since the disillusionment of the Viet­ estinian cause is just and the Israeli cause is siles to Jordan if the Congress forbids it. nam war and Watergate. If only half of the no longer just. To do this, to appeal to the Note what happened last year when Israel American people care enough to vote, then inherent feelings of the American people, invaded Lebanon last June. the 2 percent minority which cares deeply requires a step I am afraid this Conference The Israeli's broke 4 solemn and specific becomes equal to 4 percent of the vote ... is unwilling to take. agreements with the U.S.A.: enough to defeat most candidates for Con­ That step is simple. It involves only, in 1. In invading Lebanon with U.S. supplied gress. this international setting of the United Na­ weapons, they violated not only the U.S. If that minority also retains a deep sense tions, that the Conference recognize all of Arms Control Law but a solemn agreement of insecurity and fear, resulting from the the United Nations resolutions. This in­ that Israel would use these weapons only in holocaust and years of anti-semitism; if that cludes the original partition resolution 181 self-defence. minority by virtue of its hard work, family of the General Assembly in 1947; it also in­ 2. When Israel used the cluster bomb solidarity and individual efforts, has cludes Security Council resolutions recog­ it violated a second solemn agree­ achieved leadership in the fields of banking, nizing Israel. Israel is required by United ment that that terrible weapon would only law, movie making, and particularly radio Nations resolution 242 to withdraw from the be used if Israel was attacked by the regular and television networks, no Congressman territories occupied following the 1967 war, forces of two or more nations, and that clus­ dares challenge that minority. for example, the second and balancing pro­ ter bombs would never be used in a built-up Democracy thus is not run by either the vision of 242 grants Israel's right to exist civilian area. . cent of the American people who support peace and dignity. It is understandable that 3. President Reagan proposed his Peace the organized Jewish political effort on Arab leaders are unwilling to state clearly Plan on 1 September a year ago, a plan behalf of Zionism. That dedicated effort by and unequivocally that if a Palestinian state which sought a freeze on the West Bank 2 per cent of the American people has also is to come into being, the price that must be settlements, as had been contemplated in furnished 8 Jewish senators out of 100 U.S. paid is the recognition of an Israeli state. I the Camp David agreement, Prime Minister senators and 33 Jewish congressmen out of do not speak of the fairness of this question Begin rejected the proposal entirely and an­ 435 U.S. congressmen. for Palestinians. But I do speak to the es­ nounced that he was accelerating the pace Political power in America is thus there sential emotions to achieve that fairness of development of those settlements. for those who care deeply enough to take it. which can cause a change in the minds and 4. And finally, worst of all, when Ambassa­ The Jewish community in America cares, hearts of the American people. I would dor Habib prevailed upon Chairman Arafat while the Arab American community has therefore plead that you end this Confer­ and the P.L.O. military forces to leave West thus far been disorganized, divided and con­ ence with an unequivocal and clear recogni­ Beirut, promising that the women and chil­ fused by the same divided views which char­ tion and acceptance of all United Nations dren and old people left behind would be acterize the Arab world itself. resolutions relating to the Palestinian ques­ protected, Israel violated that agreement, The result has been that when one tion, including resolution 242 in all of its and moved into West Beirut, cordoned off Member of Congress, Paul Findley, spoke parts. If this Conference should take that the refugee camps of Sabra and Chatila and out for recognition of the P.L.O. on the single step, I believe you would find a defi­ in the same words as used by Adolph Hitler floor of the Congress last year, he was de­ nite change in the attitude of the American 40 years ago, ordered in the Phalangists to feated by the single minded and powerful fi­ people and the acceptance by the American "purge" the camps. nancial effort of the Jewish community people that the Israelis also accept that The U.S. marines were ordered in to pro­ throughout the U.S. sending money and clause in resolution 242 which requires with­ tect the Palestinians against Israelis and effort into his congressional district. The drawal by Israel from the West Bank, Gaza, their allies, the Phalangists. effect on other Members of Congress was the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem. Yet, in spite of these almost incredible substantial. At least 30 members of the Con­ The single step I speak of involves noth­ violations of commitments by Israel, a few gress told me privately that they agreed ing more than adding two clauses to para­ months later the U.S. Congress voted even that Prime Minister Begin's policies were a graph 3 of the Draft Declaration (document more money for assistance to Israel than disaster, not just for the U.S. but indeed for A/CONF.ll4/L.3, dated 12 August 1983). President Reagan had requested. Israel, yet all said also that they dared not Where paragraph 3 reads: "The Interna­ It is no wonder that President Reagan has say so publicly if they wanted to be re-elect­ tional Conference is, furthermore, con­ not yet been able to cut off aid to Israel. ed. vinced that peace and stability in the The Congress would not permit it. This should give you some idea as to what Middle East region can be achieved provided Now, it is true that the American public this Conference is up against if it is to suc­ the legitimate inalienable rights of the Pal­ opinion which for 35 years had been sympa­ cessfully change American public opinion so estinian people, defined by the United Na­ thetic to Israel, moved strongly towards jus­ forcefully that individual congressmen can tions General Assembly, are universally rec­ tice for the Palestinians during those dark speak out for the Palestinian cause. ognized and then secured and implement­ days in the summer of 1982. Despite this There is one step, however, that this Con­ ed.", a second clause would be added: shift in public opinion however, Congress, ference can take, a step which, more than "Equally necessary is the right of Israel to with hardly a dissenting voice, subsequently any other, could both change American exist with its pre-1967 borders as defined by increased aid to Israel. public opinion, and give President Reagan the Security Council.". You ask why. The answer is simple, but it the power to recognize the legitimacy of the And where the second sentence reads: is not known to very many people, even in P .L.O. "Positive and effective action by all con­ the U.S.A. This is the second great secret of Let me speak for a moment about Ameri­ cerned is necessary for the purpose of ena­ our political system. Public opinion does not can public opinion. bling the Palestinian people to attain these move Congress until it is translated into po­ Like opinion in any country, American rights, including the right of self-determina­ litical action and involvement. In our politi­ public opinion can often be wrong. Ameri­ tion and the right to establish its own inde­ cal system, a small group of people, perhaps cans can be deluded, they can be deceived, pendent State.", the words "and to assure two percent of the entire American public, they can be biased. American public opinion the Israeli people of their right to live in today control the American political system. can be shaped by historic identities with one peace within their pre-1967 borders" would If they care deeply enough they can wield people and with historic distrusts of differ­ be added. greater political power than American presi­ ent philosophies which are not always un­ In conformance with this change I would dents. derstood. Americans are not always quick to also suggest inserting the word "East" This seeming contradiction occurs because try to understand foreign cultures or for­ before Jerusalem in paragraphs 6(c) and most members of the U.S. Congress are eign religions or foreign interests. 6(d). elected by 2-4 percent of the people who But there is a basic fairness in the Ameri­ The greatest danger facing this confer­ vote. If a Congressman would ordinarily win can people, and sooner or later that sense of ence is the temptation to self-delusion. Here his seat in Congress by a vote of 52 percent fairness and free press and free expression we talk only to ourselves. It is easy to say to 48 percent, a shift by 2 percent of the and the freedom to assemble and petition that which is agreeable to the countries rep­ electorate who vote on one issue alone, can for redress of grievance and injustice will resented here. change a victory into defeat. lead the American people to insist on jus­ But the success of this Conference will lie This result is enhanced during a period of tice. not in what we say to each other, but what antagonism toward the government and Fundamentally, you must establish in the the Conference says to the American public apathy such as has existed in the minds of the American people, that the Pal- people, to the European nations, to the Is- October 25, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29255 raelis and to the Palestinians in the occu­ thy to the families and friends of the the move was first proposed. We would, I as­ pied territories and those scattered around more than 195 marines slain this week­ serted, be deploying our Marines in an even the world. end in Lebanon. It is a terrible trage­ more hostile situation than that faced by To the people of the United States, if the dy. the British in Northern Ireland. message is two-fold: justice for the Palestin­ Our Vietnam experience also showed an­ ians and security for the Israelis within Many of us foresaw just such a trag­ other reason for prudence: as a great power, their pre-1967 borders, this Conference will edy, however, and tried, on September we should avoid putting our troops in an un­ have opened up a broad new debate in the 28 of this year, to bring our marines tenable position, since we would then have United States ... the fairness of which can home. We raised the same questions to pay a political price to extricate them. change American public opinion, and ulti­ that still go unanswered during the Yet, as we learned to our sorrow in Vietnam, mately the actions of the U.S. Congress as debate last month on whether or not we should never let the prospect of that cost well. to invoke the War Powers Act, and prevent us from closing out a hopeless situa­ I would plead with you, therefore, to tion. By 1968, even earlier, most Johnson adopt the simple change I have recommend­ allow the President to keep the ma­ rines in Lebanon for an additional 18 administration officials shaping our policy ed-to make this Conference's declaration in Vietnam had concluded that we could one of fairness and truth rather than one of months. Those questions include: Why never achieve our avowed objectives at any­ partisanship. are our marines in Lebanon? The role thing approaching acceptable cost. Yet they To my Palestinian friends, I hope you will of peacekeepers certainly does not were so obsessed with what they deemed to understand my position. We have often seem viable any more. What is, then, be the political costs of extrication that talked how it would be in Israel's best inter­ the mission of our marines? Are they they rejected any serious effort to find the est to turn away from Begin and his policies to sit in their bunkers and foxholes least expensive formula for withdrawal. of aggression and discrimination. I hope you Unhappily, the Nixon administation can understand my belief that it will best and wait to be fired upon? It certainly does not seem to me that they are learned nothing from the Johnson adminis­ serve Palestinian interests if you can clearly tration experience, for it made the same and directly say that which is so often pri­ helping anyone in this role. And it is mistake all over again, continuing the fight vately admitted, that Israel as a State is en­ obvious from the television interviews for four more years. How much better off titled to exist within its pre-1967 borders as of the marines, themselves, that they would we have been had we worked out a you are entitled to a Palestinian State on are not clear about their mission careful plan of withdrawal when we recog­ the West Bank, Gaza and a capital in East either. nized the hopelessness of our objectives. Not Jerusalem. I believe it is time to bring our U.S. only would we have been spared the searing In the nations which have declined to anguish of four more years of war that tore attend this Conference, and indeed, in many marines home. We are not considered impartial peacekeepers by the Leba­ the country apart and wasted the lives of of the countries who are attending only as another 20,000 Americans and several hun­ observers, it is being said that nothing con­ nese, and can, therefore, never truly dred thousand Vietnamese, but we would structive can come from this Conference, fulfill our role as peacekeepers. A mul­ have faced a far lower bill in lost prestige that is one-sided and biased. tinational force may be necessary in than we finally incurred by letting a false I would ask you to prove these doubters Lebanon, but we are not appropriate appraisal of the cost overshadow reality. and faint-hearts to be wrong. By balancing the rights of Palestinians and Israelis, you as members of that force. We will con­ Prestige, after all, is an elusive and evanes­ not only demonstrate statesmanship, but tinue to lose marines, Americans will cent abstraction that consists of many ele­ you start a small movement towards ending continue to lose sons, husbands, and ments; other nations and peoples will re­ the fear which has caused so many fine brothers for no clear reason if we do spect us more if we demonstrate prudence, people, Jewish and non-Jewish, to support not bring them home now. We must good sense and realism than if we appear the Israeli government even when it has obstinate and foolhardly. not let any more American marines die Today we seem on the verge of commit­ been terribly wrong. in Lebanon. Fear and hatred are the two greatest bar­ ting the same mistake. The president re­ riers to reasoned negotiations between I want to share the following editori­ fuses to recognize that a beleaguered hand­ human beings ... in our time it is an under­ al by George Ball. Can't we ever learn full of our Marines in Lebanon cannot possi­ standable fear on the part of the Jews and from our past experiences, however bly achieve any useful mission. The most an understandable hatred on the part of the tragic? they can do is to try to protect themselves Arabs. By showing a lessening of the hatred as best they can while exposing themselves THE SAME MISTAKE ALL OVER AGAIN to more and more losses. In the process by those who support the Palestinian cause that ad­ If, as I believe, the president made a grave short time Arab leaders can expect to con­ vised President Kennedy during the Cuban mistake to announce that we were leaving trol nuclear weapons as the Israelis do missile crisis and as an official of the John­ our Marines in Lebanon, he made an equal­ today. The bitterest of enemies must realize, son administration during the Vietnam War, ly grave mistake to make up his mind preci­ as the U.S. and U.S.S.R. have come to real­ I am appalled at the cavalier way the pitately. That impulsive action violated an­ ize, that neither side wins a nuclear war. Reagan administration is violating the les­ other critical lesson deriving this time not The nuclear destruction of Jerusalem, sons America should have learned from from our experience in Vietnam but the Mecca, Tel Aviv and Damascus, Haifa and those searing experiences. Cuban missile crisis. Recently a few of us Riyadh, does not bring justice for the Pales­ God knows we might have learned from who advised President Kennedy during that tinians. our tragic Vietnam fiasco that, as a great crisis met to rethink our experience. We The issue is not our individual pride or the power, we should deploy our troops only agreed that had we fixed on a response temporary approval of our friends and coun­ where they are vitally needed and it is clear within the first 48 hours after learning of trymen. The issue is whether young Pales­ that they can be effectively used. The role the discovery of the Soviet missiles, we tinians can hope to grow up in peace and of a peacekeeper in Lebanon interposed be­ would almost certainly have made the dignity, on the West Bank, in Gaza, Jerusa­ tween fanatical warring factions is clearly wrong decision. Our initial view of an appro­ lem and Israel itself. This is what self-deter­ not an appropriate undertaking for the priate response would have required a force­ mination is all about. United States. Since we are the most power­ ful Soviet reaction that would probably Inchallah.e ful nation, our troops and diplomatic repre­ have set in train a series of reactions and sentatives are the obvious focus for the ex­ counter-reactions with horrendous conse­ pression of rabid discontents. It was clear at quences. Instead, we postponed all decisions MARINES IN LEBANON-BRING the outset that to commit our troops to and actions until we had spent a solid week THEM HOME such an environment would not only hazard examining the problem from every angle their lives and would leave the initiative to with meticulous care. Through that rigor­ lunatic elements, but it would destroy the ous process we shaped a coherent strategy HON. FORTNEY H. (PETE) STARK freedom of action we need to fulfill our role that took full account not only of our re­ OF CALIFORNIA as the only power capable of talking with sponse to the missiles but the likely Soviet IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES both sides and promoting a peaceful settle­ counter-response and how we would then Tuesday, October 25, 1983 ment. feel compelled to react. In other words, we These are not mere afterthoughts; I made looked far down the road, trying to predict e Mr. STARK. Mr. Speaker, I would precisely those points to the Senate Foreign the probable course of escalation and where like to express my most sincere sympa- Relations Committee in my testimony when it might lead. 29256 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 25, 1983 We dare not ignore that lesson today. We Kiwala'O) was named as successor and In mid-April 1795 Kamehameha landed in cannot risk acting on impulse or indulging became the new high chief of the Waikiki. Some 10,000 warriors in 1,200 the luxury of emotion-and we must strictly island of Hawai'i. Kamehameha was given canoes lined the beach which is now the site abjure heroic attitudes and macho re­ the second place in the Kingdom, the of Ft. DeRussy. Kamehameha's army sponses. Before announcing policy at a time keeper of the war god . After moved up through Makiki and engaged the of crisis, it is imperative that we carefully the traditional reapportionment of land O'ahu warriors near the areas now known examine all the consequences and look far among the "vassal" chiefs, war broke out as Punchbowl, Craigside, and Puiwa. Guns beyond our initial action. Yet on Sunday almost immediately, and at the battle of and cannon were manned by the two for­ the administration stated, before it knew Moku'Ohai years. Will it sight. The delicately balanced and compre­ Bishop Museum-a museum founded in march on, or simply defend the tax cuts of hensive product of a bipartisan effort to re­ honor of Princess Pauahi, the last surviving 1981, talk about the enterprise zone bill that store some semblance of order to the border descendant of Kamehameha the Great. At never passed, and appoint bipartisan com­ has fallen victim to irresponsible and selfish Hale HcYike'iki o Kamehameha-the treas­ missions? politics. ure house of the Kamehamehas-can be We humbly suggest you go back to the Mr. O'Neill's cavalier blocking of a House seen such treasures as the sacred feathered ranch and forget all about the aforemen­ vote on Simpson-Mazzoli is reprehensible. cloak of Kamehameha, the gods associated tioned Gaps, Mr. President-and instead But at least he finally has been candid with him, and the sacred feathered stand­ think about the future. What do you want about his motives. Early reports had him ard which incorporates bones from the to accomplish in a second term: A flat tax? blocking the bill to prevent President chiefs defeated at the Battle of Nu'uanu. A return to Bretton Woods and gold-backed Reagan from wooing Hispanics with a veto Back again at Waikiki, resident and visitor currencies? A defense against nuclear weap­ of the measure. alike would have gained a more profound ons? These would all seem to be Reagan goals, yet there has been little talk of them. There never has been a shred of doubt understanding and appreciation of historic about the President's support for the meas­ Hawai'i, the persistence of Hawaiian tradi­ Why not call in Ed Meese, Bill Clark, Jim tions to the present day, and the promulga­ Baker, and Mike Deaver, and hash it all ure. Indeed, Attorney General William tor of it all, King Kamehameha the Great.e out? You might start that meeting by French Smith has repeatedly pleaded with throwing Dave Stockman's budget projec­ the speaker to permit a House vote. tions in the wastebasket and telling Jim Ironically, there is convincing evidence THOUGHT PROVOKING Baker the words "political reality" are tem­ that Mr. O'Neill is dead wrong in claiming ARTICLES porarily off limits. Then figure out where Hispanics oppose the bill. One recent poll you want to go. found that 60 percent of all Hispanic Ameri­ HON. BILL LOWERY In the phony debate over pragmatism, cans and 66 percent of Hispanic voters clear­ this has been dismissed as quixotic. Actual­ ly support employer sanctions. OF CALIFORNIA ly, there are two kinds of pragmatism, one IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES good, one bad. Good pragmatism sets goals, Moreover, in killing the bill, the speaker has destroyed what may be the last oppor­ Tuesday, October 25, 1983 and then adopts reasonable means and com­ promises to reach those goals. Bad pragma­ tunity to provide amnesty for millions of • Mr. LOWERY of California. Mr. tism changes or warps the goals themselves undocumented aliens who already live and Speaker, I would like to share with my based on a false and timid reading of "politi­ work in the United States. The speaker has colleagues two thought provoking arti­ cal reality." sentenced them to continued exploitation cles from the San Diego Union Edito­ Good pragmatism elected you in 1980 and and daily fear that they may be apprehend­ rials/Opinion page. The first article passed the tax and budget cuts in 1981, ed and deported. events deemed impossible even days before Both the Democratic and Republican titled "Dear Mr. President" appeared they occurred. It's what will make your on August 26. The second article, leaders of the Senate have strongly criti­ presidency a forward-looking steamroller, cized Mr. O'Neill and hope to find a legisla­ "Gross Abuse of Power," appeared on passing tax cut after tax cut, enterprise tive method to force a House vote on the October 10. zone after zone-rather than a defensive, reactive, look-what-we-did-three-years-ago bill. Realistically, such a scenario is unlike­ The articles follow: ly. DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: one. Paradoxically, this is precisely the best way to defend the impressive things you've In blocking a vote on Simpson-Mazzoli, Welcome to San Diego, which you visit in already achieved. Mr. O'Neill has forfeited an opportunity for hopes of closing the dreaded Gender Gap. So have a good time at the ranch: Instead · effective and humane control of immigra­ We've wanted of fretting about political reality, so-called, tion. It is perhaps possible such a measure to tell you a few things about the Gender we suggest you indulge the impulse to day­ may obtain congressional approval after Gap, along with the Black Gap, the Latino dream. Above all, if anyone mentions the next year's elections. But the problem on Gap, the Geriatric Gap, and even the Gay Gender Gap, shove a few jelly beans into the border is so serious that even a partial Gap. Trouble is, the harder we tried, the sil­ his-or-her mouth and politely change the solution can't wait. A record 1 million per­ lier we felt. subject. sons have entered the United States illegal­ After all, what is the Gender Gap? Men, it ly from Mexico in the last 12 months. The seems, like you better than women do. Con­ GROSS ABUSE OF POWER massive illegal immigration of people seek­ versely, then, men like democrats less-and Considering that our border with Mexico we don't hear Sam Donaldson shouting ing a better living will not abate on its own has been overwhelmed by illegal immigra­ so long as Mexico's economic problems con­ questions to Walter Mondale about the tion, it is inconceivable that any public offi­ number of males he would appoint to the tinue. cial would dare claim responsibility for sabo­ We therefore urge the administration and Cabinet. Our chief fear of the Gender Gap taging immigration reform. is fear of the Gender Gap itself on your Congress to approve a proposal by Alan C. Yet this is precisely what House Speaker Nelson, commissioner of the Immigration staff. This concern, taken too far, seems to Thomas P. . making major extension of the arms race­ its nuclear weapons, comes from satellites. it difficult to approach even the low-alti­ into space. Advisers to the President A great deal of military communications, tude American satellites. Stephen Meyer of command-control networks, navigational MIT concludes, "They've really never had a are recommending that the United aids and other support systems also are States develop a space-based missile test of what it would be like going against a channeled through satellites. Moreover, real U.S. target." defense system that could cost $27 bil­ Maj. Gen. Bernard Randolph, director of From 1977-81, the Soviets stopped testing lion over the next 5 years, and hun­ the Air Force space systems, has testified ASAT's. Over part of that period, the U.S. dreds of billions beyond that. This that a "major" objective of U.S. space plans and U.S.S.R. held three series of talks on first step of the arms race into space is is "to expand" our military capabilities in negotiating an ASAT arms-control agree­ represented by the proposal to build space. ment. Then came the Soviet invasion of Af­ an antisatellite weapons, and thus an increas­ announced a moratorium on all ASAT test­ the House Appropriations Committee ingly crucial element of our military com­ last week without procurement fund­ ing, and Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko mand network will become increasingly vul­ submitted an ASAT arms-control proposal ing for ASAT's-and I commend my nerable. to the United Nations, with terms that seem colleagues on the committee for this. "Right now," according to Paul Stares of to indicate seriousness. One obvious reason But this is certainly not the last time the Brookings Institution, "if we lose our for this seriousness is a realization that the we will be asked to consider this issue. space systems, we'd be hurt but not crip­ United States is about to come out with a The extension of the arms race into pled. If we continue to increase our depend­ new ASAT system that will probably be ence on space systems, then we're just dig­ much more successful than the Soviet space will have as significant, and in ging a hole for ourselves." my opinion, as devastating an impact model. There's one way out of this hole-and Indeed, administration officials have on the world as the transition into the that is to negotiate an ASAT arms-control nuclear age did. In the Congress, we treated the idea of negotiations dismissively agreement with the Russians. Yet after our precisely because Andropov has proposed have yet to take a comprehensive look forthcoming ASAT tests, this may be impos­ them. The reasoning: his fear of our ASAT at the implications. Mr. Chairman, I sible. Air Force officials have testified that only confirms that it can give us an edge in urge my colleagues to consider this it will take only six hours to install an MHV the arms race. before we make a major commitment ASAT system on an F- 15 fighter anywhere in the world at a cost of only $632,000 per But this is shortsighted, and not just be­ to the weaponization of space-we plane. Says Stares, "There's no way the cause it lessens the likelihood of an arms­ cannot afford to ignore it. I insert the Russians could have confidence that every control treaty. If the United States goes following article on the subject into F-15 isn't carrying an ASAT. What are we ahead and tests its new ASAT system, the the RECORD for the consideration of going to do? Paint the F- 15 different colors Soviets undoubtedly will break the morato­ my colleagues. It is an excellent state­ if it has an ASAT mission?" rium and resumes their own testing-and Ironically, this moment when we are probably develop a better weapon than the ment: one they have now. This will provoke us to [From the Washington Post, Oct. 16, 19831 about to test a new ASAT system is both the last and probably one of the best oppor­ upgrade our system. • • • And the race is on. WE ARE ABOUT TO LAUNCH A COSTLY AND tunities for getting ASAT arms-control ne­ From here, any number of scenarios can CRAZY ARMS RACE IN SPACE gotiations under way. To see why requires a be imagined: the U.S. or the U.S.S.R. (or brief digression into history. both) develops an ASAT that can (potential­ Sometime very soon, . stroying the enemy spacecraft with shrap­ technocratic enthusiasts-that fall under and the idea is to fly the F-15 almost verti­ nel. the rubric of "Star Wars." cally up to the edge of the atmosphere, then Over the next 14 years, the Soviets con­ Star Wars advocates tasted their first dose fire the MHV into outer space, where it will ducted 20 tests. They have used two differ­ of legitimacy last March, when President home in on-and kill-an enemy satellite. ent types of guidance systems. One directs Reagan told a nationwide TV audience of If the first few tests of the MHV system the killer-satellite by shining a radar beam his "vision of the future." He held out the succeed, we may find ourselves propelled, on the target. The other is more passive, "hope" that a network of antiballistic mis­ almost inexorably, toward a new era of mili­ with infrared systems which seek out the siles . space lasers and battle sta­ tary conflict. Maj. Gen. John H. Storrie, di­ target by the heat that it generates in outer tions-based on decades of research-will rector of space for Air Force plans and oper­ space. "intercept and destroy strategic ballistic ations, told a House committee last March: According to John Pike of the Federation missiles before they reach our own soil or "Space is a place; it is not a mission. We are of American Scientists, the Russians tested that of our allies." October 25, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29259 For years, a fringe element-led by Sen. that the military spend the next several ting rid of MIRVs. But it's probably too Malcolm Wallop in Congress, years doing research on whether these prob­ late. Edward Teller and Gen. Daniel Graham lems can be overcome. Even this will cost Henry Kissinger told reporters in 1974, "I in the military-scientific community, quite a bit of money. would say in retrospect that I wish I had and several others in various bureaucracies For example, Robert S. Cooper, Director thought through the implications of a and think tanks on the east and west of the Defense Advanced Research Projects MIRV'ed world more thoughtfully in 1969 coasts-have been keen on moving the arms Agency . testified last spring that and 1970 than I did." But Kissinger's former competition into space. A very small group the "Space Laser Program Plan," which will NSC aides say that MIRV's were studied within the Air Force, recently organized merely "bring us to a point where we can thoroughly, that Kissinger knew exactly into a Space Command, believes that space make reliable planning estimates of weapon what their implications were from the be­ can be-as Thomas Karas calls it in his book development costs and schedules," will cost ginning, but went ahead with them that chronicles this community-"The New $900 million. Other basic research of this anyway-to gain a strategic edge. High Ground" from which the United sort could cost as much as $4 billion a year­ It's the same with the upcoming ASAT States can reign supreme in all other areas maybe more-for several years; and even test and the growing political pressure for of warfare. then, nobody will know very much more at least elements of the Star Wars plan. As Reagan's speech-which was heavily influ­ than before. in the case of MIRV's the adminstration is enced by talks with Teller-gave this group All of which leads some analysts to failing-even refusing-to think through the legitimacy that it has long sought. wonder whether it is sensible to start tread­ the implications before the world changes in Almost at once, "Beltway bandits" and ing down this seemingly endless road to ways it may later regret.e other consulting firms put in contract bids begin with. Though the ASAT program and to study "the military utility of space." the Star Wars scheme have different ori­ More important, it became a high-priority gins, the road to the latter can begin with NEAR EAST REPORT issue inside the national-security bureaucra­ the former. In fact, the kind of technology cy. needed for advanced ASAT systems-track­ Over the summer, three major outside ing mechanisms, sensors, beams and so HON. TOM HARKIN forth-is quite similar to the technology studies were commissioned on the politics OF IOWA and technology of Star Wars. At this needed for shooting down ballistic missiles. moment, an interagency group consisting of And the logic of the ASAT/counter-ASAT IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES arms race provides a grand opportunity for officials from the State Department, the Tuesday, October 25, 1983 Pentagon, the National Security Council the Star War brigade to bring in their pro­ and the Arms Control and Disarmament grams through various side or rear en­ e Mr. HARKIN. Mr. Speaker, when Agency is drawing up evaluations of those trances if they end up getting locked out of there are so much conflict and unre­ studies to present to the president sometime the front door. solved tensions in the world, we like to within the next month. The Reagan administration, however, is drawing no connections between ASAT and remember the great diplomatic suc­ Officials involved in the studies and the cesses of the past. Most notable, we interagency meetings say that nobody now Star Wars. There is an interagency group knows how to go about even beginning to dealing with Star Wars and another dealing like to remember the great success of build a Star Wars System. Says one Penta­ with ASAT-but they are composed of dif­ Camp David which brought about gon official, "At this point we have no con­ ferent people and they never meet. Similar­ peace between Egypt and Israel and ly, the group concerned with ASAT is con­ what we hoped would be a long era of sensus on what it all means. • • • I don't templating various arms-control ideas-but, think we have the kintl of answers that we according to officials, no one has seriously normal relations between those two could base any sort of policy on." considered delaying the ASAT test until countries. In any case, officials are discovering tech­ after these ideas have been fully explored. That is no longer the case. Egypt nical problems that may be insurmountable. In short, an historic opportunity to halt a has brought about a deterioration of A ground-based laser wouldn't work whole new age in the arms race is being ne­ Egyptian-Israeli relations. Recently I through clouds. Even Maj. Gen. Bernard glected, even ignored-not only by the ad­ Randolph, director of Air Force space sys­ joined Representative LARRY SMITH ministration, but by congress as well. Israel and take other positive steps to beyond the transport capacity of the Space It wouldn't be the first time. In 1970, to improve United States-Egypt relations. Shuttle. to provide even "a thin ABM capa­ cite just the most recent parallel, the Our relations are affected since the bility," we would need 50-100 of these sys­ United States deployed the Minuteman III United States played a major role in tems. Furthermore, the systems must have intercontinental ballistic missile. It incorpo­ perfect accuracy; he likened the mission to the Egypt-Israeli peace treaty and has rated new technology called MIRV's . which allowed one missile to carry sev­ the Camp David process. Empire State Building and hold[ing] it eral warheads, each of which could be Therefore, it is very timely and I ask there while both of you are moving." guided to separate targets. unanimous consent that this recent Then there's the cost. Air Force studies Before MIRV's, a first strike destroying editorial from the Near East Report be have put it at $500 billion. An analyst on the other side's land-based missiles was im­ printed in the RECORD. one of the government-sponsored "study­ possible; one missile could hit only one groups" puts it as high as $1.2 trillion. enemy missile; if one side built extra mis­ EGYPT BETRAYS THE DREAM And that probably would not be the end siles, the other side could counter by build­ On April 15, 1982 Israel relinquished its of it. Officials and analysts point out that ing more too. However, with MIRVs, a last remaining positions on the Sinai Penin­ the Russians could "spoof" any space-based single missile could LET' S GET OUT OF LEBANON could even lead to direct confrontation with Egypt has halted all cultural exchanges more than 7,000 Soviet troops reportedly in with Israel. One of the most appealing characteristics the vicinity of Lebanon. The state-controlled Egyptian press has of President Reagan has always been his un­ What other course is open? How much renewed anti-Israel and anti-Semitic attack. failing optimism, even in the face of discour­ longer do we wait for the Sept. 26 cease-fire At the United Nations, Egyptian representa­ aging circumstances, some economic, some to become a reality? How many more Ameri­ tives have joined Arab rejectionists in at­ political. That optimism crept in again in can Marines must be lost to snipers before tacks on Israel. For instance, on June 25, Wednesday's televised press conference we come to the reluctant conclusion that in 1983, the Egyptian ambassador to the when the subject of the Marines in Lebanon Lebanon not even the Marines, by their United Nations likened Israeli actions in came up. Asked what he was going to do very presence, can possibly achieve a cease­ Lebanon to those committed by the "barba­ about the continuing Marine casualties and fire or a restructuring of the Lebanese gov­ rous forces of Nazism." He accused Israel of the deliberate sniper attacks on the "peace­ ernment? plotting "the liquidation of an entire keeping" force, Mr. Reagan replied, "We're In these circumstances, does it really people." going to keep on doing what we have been make sense to leave on the books a resolu­ There have been numerous cases of infil­ doing . . . trying to complete the plan that tion of Congress -and the executive stating tration from Egypt. across Sinai and into we launched a little more than a year as official U.S. policy the determination to Israel. Smugglers, thieves, and individuals ago ... to try and have some leave 1,600 Marines in this impossible situa­ carrying explosives have been apprehended. stability ... So long as there's a possibility tion for yet another year and a half? October 25, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29261 In the short three weeks since our com­ Mr. Speaker, I include in the REcORD for the Navy at Stump Neck. At his death, mittee delegation visited Lebanon, the situa­ at this point an article from the he was employed as congressional liaison of­ tion on the ground has changed drastically. Charles County, Md. Times-Crescent, ficer for the Department of State. Doesn't it really make more sense for us to The volunteer, father and husband was do as the Israelis finally did: conclude that which documents some of the achieve­ buried Friday at St. Mary's Star of the Sea we can't restructure Lebanon either, and ments of this outstanding public serv­ Catholic Church in Indian Head where he quietly withdraw our forces to other trouble ant and community leader. To his also was a member of the church choir. Of­ spots that figure higher on our priority list? family and many friends in the Poto­ ficiating was Father Samuel L. Craig. Inter­ Much as we might wish otherwise, even mac Heights and Indian Head commu­ ment was at St. Charles Cemetery in Gly­ the United States can't expect to right nities, I extend my deepest symn­ mont. La Plata and Indian Head volunteer every wrong from pole to pole.e pathy. fire department formed a "firemen's ladder The article follows: arch" in memory of Hartnett and he was af­ forded honors by the Potomac Heights com­ DANIEL WILLIAM HARTNETT-IN POTOMAC HEIGHTS RESCUE VOLUNTEER pany. MEMORIAM MOURNED In addition to his wife and sons, Daniel W. strongly supports the initiatives taken by the Contadora group and the resulting Public support for this power is evi­ cated and innovative diplomacy by the Document of Objectives which has been dent. The following 1981 Gallup poll member countries of the Contadora agreed to by Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guate­ indicates that 64 percent of Americans group and by the Central American mala, Honduras, and Nicaragua and which favor giving the President this deficit­ countries. Their efforts in search of sets forth a framework for negotiating a fighting power: peaceful solutions to the conflict in peaceful settlement to the conflict and tur­ SOLID MAJORITY BACKS REAGAN ON HIS CALL Central America should be congratu­ moil in the region; FOR ITEM VETO POWER <2> encourages the United Nations, the Or­ lated and supported by the United . That is a legislator's presentations which do not fairly rep­ Eventually the rise in women's smoking, job, as the Supreme Court recognized in its resent the purpose of H.R. 100, nor however, is expected to at least match the recent pension decisions. I am sure you will the effect that its passage would have. men's rate. The gap will narrow, the re­ do the job well! This male consumer is con­ searchers say, when the younger women fident that the long run benefit to all con­ Recently, I received a letter from a begin to contract cancer and other diseases sumers makes the task essential. constituent who received one of these from smoking. Cordially, letters. I think his reponse to the re­ Gerstein and Miller compared the life PETER W. REILLY.e quest of the industry to oppose this span of men who neither died violently nor legislation is instructive, and I urge smoked more than 20 cigarettes in their life­ my colleagues to read it: times, with the life span of women and ON THE OCCASION OF JOSEPH The material follows: found the two statistically identical. Gerstein said he eliminated death by vio­ McCAFFREY'S RETIREMENT RESEARCH LINKS LoNGEVITY GAP WITH lent causes in the study because there is a SMOKING wide imbalance in the number of deaths of accident, homicide, and suicide between HON. WM. S. BROOMFIELD Researchers have discovered that the young men and women. So, he said, men OF MICHIGAN reason women live longer than men is that who are not killed violently and do not IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES women have smoked fewer cigarettes in smoke can be expected to live to the same their lifetimes, according to a new study in age as women of their same social level. Tuesday, October 25, 1983 Public Health Reports, a journal published "The resulting life expectancy figures for by the Department of Health and Human non-smoking men and women of parallel age e Mr. BROOMFIELD. Mr. Speaker, Services. were virtually identical. Thus, differential recently, Joe McCaffrey, dean of the The study concluded that the "over­ rates of cigarette smoking are apparently broadcast journalists, retired after 38 whelming" reason for the difference in lon­ the overwhelming cause for the male-female years in the business. I am certain gevity between men and women is cigarette longevity difference," the study concluded. that all of my colleagues in the House smoking. The conclusion contradicts the "Actuarial tables should be divided by who knew Joe would agree that he was speculation of researchers over the years smoking behavior to reflect this finding," one of the most competent and knowl­ that job stress and style of life might ex­ the study added. plain the eight-year gap between the life "When ... women who have smoked as edgeable broadcast journalists ever as­ spans of men and women. much as men reach the later decades of life signed to cover the House. The paper, by Dean R. Gerstein of the ... our study suggests that their lives will In addition to mastering the issues, National Research Council and Gus Miller be shortened as much as men's and that the Joe knew the personalities and the of Indiana University of Pennsylvania, near present differences in longevity between complexities of the system. He had in­ Pittsburgh, drew some strong conclusions men and women will disappear," the study sights into the legislative and political from the new data: concludes. processes which few journalists ever The study warns that the widening gap between the longevity of men and of women PETER W. REILLY, gain. I particularly enjoyed his report, eventually may be erased. Both women and Haddonfield, N.J., August 18, 1983. "Today in Congress," which reviewed men will die at earlier ages statistically, be­ Hon. JAMES FLoRIO, the floor and committee proceedings cause women now smoke almost as much as House of Representatives, in Congress. As testimony to that pro­ men. Washington, D. C. gram's popularity, it was the longest Young women are now taking up smoking DEAR MR. FLORio: Contrary to the wishes running sponsored show on the air at a rate much higher than young men. If of my life insurance company, I am writing here in Washington. Joe's other pro­ women's smoking continues to increase, to support the Non-discrimination in Insur­ women will begin to be afflicted with higher ance Act and the Fair Insurance gram, "Meet the Member," was on the and higher rates of disease at all ages, and Practices Act off. HON. BYRON L. DORGAN In one homeland, Lebowa, the average NAIROBI, KENYA, October 12.-From the OF NORTH DAKOTA family three years ago owned 10 cattle. By windows of planes, on flights covering more last July the average was down to five, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES than 9,000 miles in the last month, much of local officials are predicting that each Tuesday, October 25, 1983 the African continent appeared parched and household will have just a single cow by crusty, weakening in the grip of a punishing year's end. Adding to the problems of herd­ e Mr. DORGAN. Mr. Speaker, the drought that United Nations experts are ers is an epidemic of rinderpest, a cattle dis­ armchair food quarterbacks have saying is possibly the most calamitous ever. ease now sweeping through 14 African coun­ started calling signals again on how we For the second year, the rains have failed tries. should run our farm program. They in what had been the corn belts and bread­ baskets of the continent, where nature re­ DECLINE IN PRODUCTION call the usual play that America pro­ mains a far more powerful force than poli­ For years, agricultural specialists have de­ duces too much and that is why we tics or technology. plored national policies in Africa that have spend too much on commodity storage The drought has centered largely on those led to a steady decline in farm production. and price supports. lands that had been the most bountiful, With some notable exceptions, like Ivory For the moment, I do not wish to while isolated and unproductive tracts with­ Coast, many African countries have favored debate the broad questions of farm out roads tying them to markets lie slick­ urban food consumers over rural food pro­ policy; instead I want to focus on food erred by rain. ducers in their pricing policies, resulting in policy and human need. Recently, col­ The United Nations experts have said the falling production. Diets of city dwellers and drought is threatening the continent worst rural people have diverged, leading to a umnist George Will-who is no cham­ food shortages since the early 1970's, when growing dependence on imported food as pion of welfare programs-argued that 200,000 to 300,000 people are believed to populations have shifted to urban centers. we need to use commonsense and to have starved to death in the sub-Saharan Indiscriminate land use, deforestation and get food to people who are starving or region. unlimited wanderings of nomadic herders malnourished. Will wrote: EMERGENCY AID NEEDED have quickened the pace of the growth of But here is a better idea: use the food as In July, a team of agronomists from the desert. In other countries, like Zaire, the de­ food. America does not have enough produc­ United Nations Food and Agriculture Orga­ velopment of agriculture has been subordi­ tivity. Government should not pay people, nization fanned out across the continent nated to mining and commerce. Elsewhere, as it today is paying farmers, to produce collecting statistics on the spreading crop investments in fertilizer and irrigation less-less of something that parts of the failure and cattle deaths. The teams con­ pumps have been limited, and systems of world need desperately. Surely it is not cluded than in 18 black African countries, land tenure have often failed to synchronize beyond the capacity of public policy to with populations totaling 120 million tribal collective traditions with the kind of make America's agricultural bounty an asset people, some four million tons of emergency clear title and ownership needed to secure to public policy. Indeed, it is a scandal not grain supplies from abroad will be needed if bank credits. to. mass starvation is to be avoided. In the face of the emergency, constructive Food experts said in June that the 18 criticism has given way to pleas for interna­ Precisely the point. countries most affected by the drought were tional relief. In Mozambique, where it is es­ While the Office of Management Botswana, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, timated that half the livestock had died, ir­ and Budget is red dogging Congress on Ethiopia, Ghana, Djibouti, Lesotho, Mali, rigation efforts would not be useless. The the cost of farm programs and Con­ Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, South flows of the rivers have become puny, and gress is delaying the game in a debate Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia tides of the Indian Ocean are forcing their over foolish target price freezes, 22 Af­ and Zimbabwe. way upstream, leaving water brackish. Mar­ rican nations face either famine or a Unlike the drought in the sub-Saharan keting policies, however perfect, can do food crisis. True, Africa has faced region 10 years ago, the failure of rains is nothing if nothing grows. far more extensive, covering most of south­ VISIBLE IMPACT DIMINISHED famine before-as recently as 1973-74, ern Africa, the Ethiopian highlands and the when hundreds of thousands died of chronically parched lands on the edge of The drought is most severe in southern starvation. But the director general of Africa, but available stockpiles there have the Sahara. so far diminished the visible impact in terms the United Nations' Food and Agricul­ Even South Africa, a country long proud of the swollen stomachs, pencil-thin arms tural Organization, Edouard Saouma, of its agriculture surpluses, has been forced and the yellowing hair that signals protein says that the current crisis affects a to import more than a million and a half deficiency. much wider area and that prospects tons of corn this year. Farm income has In Ethiopia, however, where stocks have for 1983-84 are even worse. As a result, fallen by half, and hundreds of white farm­ long been exhausted, these signs and the the Food and Agricultural Organiza­ ers have become bankrupt. mounting deaths of children are being in­ tion has issued an emergency appeal. JOHANNESBURG POOLS AFFECTED creasingly reported by relief workers. The Africa immediately needs 700,000 In Johannesburg, the drought has led to Ethiopian Relief and Rehabilitation Com­ curbs on filling swimming pools and wash­ mission announced that in some regions the tons of emergency food aid above reg­ ing cars. But South Africa is a rich country drought was as severe as the one in 1974, ular aid to the affected countries-as and can buy food abroad, and the inconven­ when 200,000 people are thought to have well as funds for transportation and iences to its whites seem slight compared died. It was that drought, particularly ef­ fertilizer. These nations need food to with the hardships being endured by blacks forts to hide its consequences and severity prevent starvation now and to provide in the homelands and the independent na­ by the Government, that led to the over­ seed stocks for next year's planting. As tions of southern Africa. throw of Emperor Haile Selaissie. Mr. Saouma pleads, "If no food gets to Botswana has had virtually no harvest The Ethiopian Government is now care­ them, they will eat the seeds." this year, producing 25,000 tons of corn, a fully and candidly providing details of the tenth of its needs. Lesotho, Zambia and crop failures in Wallo, Tigre and Gondar, I urge my colleagues to pay heed to Swaziland are in crisis, sending our appeals the regions hardest hit nine years ago. The the African food crisis and to respond for help as stockpiles dwindle. In the past, Ethiopian Herald, the Government newspa­ to Mr. Saouma's emergency appeal. some of these countries received food assist­ per, said in Gondar alone, 50,000 head of Imminent hearings in the House Agri­ ance from South Africa, but such shipments cattle had died. culture and Foreign Affairs Commit­ are impossible this year. The third major area of the continent hit tees will afford an excellent opportu­ Even Zimbabwe, one of the rare food ex­ by the drought is the sub-Saharan region, nity to share our response. porters in Africa, is preparing to import where the last good rains came in 1968. Meanwhile, I include for consider­ corn, a staple in the African diet prepared Mauritania, which needs 200,000 tons of as a kind of porridge called fufu in Zaire, grain a year to feed its people, produced a ation a timely article describing the nshima in Zambia and sadza in Zimbabwe. tenth of that target last year and is likely to food plight of several African nations. In the tribal homelands established by do worse this year. Similar dismal harvests It is a sharp reminder that our food South Africa, the situation verges on criti­ have been registered in Mali and Senegal. for peace program still makes good cal. Tens of thousands of wild donkeys have In Ghana, the harmattan, a hot wind that sense. been ordered shot to preserve shrinking usually comes in January, lasted twice as October 25, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29267 long as it normally does. fanning brush fires TO HONOR LEO AND GLORIA The secular San Bernardino commu­ that destroyed both fields and storehouses. CUTLER nity has also been greatly enriched by Along with the drought, the fires have cost their presence since 1959, when they Ghana a third of its annual food produc­ HON. JERRY LEWIS moved here with their two children, tion.e Jeffrey and Roberta. Among the nu­ OF CALIFORNIA merous organizations and activities IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CONGRATULATIONS TO MOLY­ which have benefited from their in­ Tuesday, October 25, 1983 volvement are the economic develop­ CORP ON 60 YEARS OF SERV­ ment committee of the San Bernar­ ICE • Mr. LEWIS. Mr. Speaker, on Satur­ dino Chamber of Commerce, the city's day, November 5, men and women of planning commission, the corporate HON. BILL RICHARDSON all faiths will gather in San Bernar­ board of the San Bernardino Commu­ dino, Calif., to honor Leo and Gloria nity Hospital and the Valley Light­ OF NEW MEXICO Cutler as Congregation Emanu El con­ house for the Blind. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fers upon them the first Rabbi Gloria and Leo Cutler have carried Norman F. Feldheym Award, given for Tuesday, October 25, 1983 out the moral imperative which is so outstanding community service. much a part of their Jewish heritage. e Mr. RICHARDSON. Mr. Speaker, I Unable to attend this gathering, I Mr. Speaker, I take great pride in com­ want to congratulate Union Molycorp would like to ask the Congress to join mending to my colleagues, Leo and in Questa, N. Mex., on their 60 years me along with their many friends and Gloria Cutler, whose possession of the of outstanding service. Operation of admirers in expressing our deep appre­ finest qualities of mind and heart have Molycorp's first flotation mill-one of ciation and gratitude to this man and permitted them to lay aside their own the first in the country-began exactly woman for their many years of dedi­ comfort and devote themselves to the 60 years ago. A lot has changed since cated service. well-being of all the citizens of their those early days, but one thing re­ Leo and Gloria Cutler, whose pure community.e mains the same: Molycorp's proven desire to promote the welfare of all humanity has guided them in their ability to produce a quality product at A NATIONAL DAY OF MOURNING the lowest possible cost. labors of love, are indeed American citizens of the first order. Their entire In 1981, the Molycorp Questa divi­ life has been an expression of the HON. WILLIAM 0. LIPINSKI sion was shut down for remodeling. finest ideals of their double heritage, When it reopens soon, 2 miles of new OF ILLINOIS Judaism and Americanism. It is there­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES conveyor belts, new flotation cells and fore fitting that on November 5, 1983, microprocessor control system will they will be honored as the first recipi­ Tuesday, October 25, 1983 vastly improve mill efficiency. Moly­ ents of the Rabbi Normal F. Feldheym e Mr. LIPINSKI. Mr. Speaker, corp Questa, therefore, is not only Award for outstanding service to their Sunday, October 23 was a national day celebrating an anniversary, they are community. of mourning for all Americans. Over celebrating a new beginning as well. Their contributions to the religious 200 Americans were savagely mur­ Molycorp is an integral part of my community are countless. Leo was a dered by an early morning terrorist congressional district in northern New member of the Building Fund Cam­ attack at their headquarters in Beirut. Mexico. Molycorp's payroll represents paign Committee which helped to Our forces have been sitting targets 30 percent of the private sector pay­ build the Norman Feldheym Religious since U.S. troops were first deployed in roll in Taos County. It is the largest Education Center, which now serves as Lebanon. private employer in that part of the the core of all religious education for From the very beginning of U.S. par­ State, and they have made every Jewish youth within the Inland ticipation in the multinational force in effort to provide steady employment Empire. He has served Congregation Lebanon I have been leery of our in­ for the local work force. As proof of Emanu El in San Bernardino as a volvement. The situation in Lebanon this commitment, a major portion of member of its board of directors, vice is one of long standing trouble among the mill's modifications were done by president, and president. The United many groups. It is a civil war between Molycorp Questa's own employees. Jewish Welfare Fund has been an­ a Christian group and a number of For those temporarily laid off, the other recipient of his energies, and in Moslem groups. This civil/religious company has helped Questa obtain his almost continuous service to that war, which has been raging off and on community assistance grants from the organization he has served on its for many years cannot be contained or State and Federal governments. But board of directors, as its treasurer, controlled by a few thousand marines Molycorp has not looked to others to and, on three different occasions, as from the United States, France, Italy, shoulder all of the burdens. The com­ its general chairman. and Great Britain. We have no busi­ pany provided a $106,000 grant to the Gloria's contributions are equally ness exposing marines to these types village to support many community distinguished and numerous. She has of dangers that are everpresent in Leb­ devoted many hours of service to the anon. I am a cosponsor of a resolution improvement projects. Recently, a Arrowhead Chapter of Hadassah, that calls for the orderly withdrawal $20,000 grant was given to the Har­ served as its president, and was hon­ of our troops from Lebanon. I feel wood Foundation in Taos, N.Mex., to ored in 1976 as its distinguished that there is no support among the support the community library member. She has cochaired the United American people for a continuing U.S. system. Overall, the local economy in Jewish Welfare Campaign and served presence in Lebanon. Questa has greatly benefited from the as president of the Sisterhood of Con­ We have involved ourselves in what presence of Union Molycorp. gregation Emanu El. She has also is essentially a civil war. The goal of Mr. Speaker, on their 60-year anni­ served as the Temple's second and the multinational force is as a peace­ versary, I want to extend my deep ap­ first vice president and currently holds keeper. But the only way peace can be preciation to Molycorp Questa for the the position of treasurer. Of special maintained is if there is agreement on many outstanding contributions they note is that in 1980 Gloria became the all sides to cease hostilities. This is have made to northern New Mexico. I congregation's first woman president. clearly not the case. Hundreds of vio­ am certain their commitment to She and Leo have the distinction of lations occur daily. American marines northern New Mexico will only grow being the only husband and wife to as well as the other members of the stronger in the years ahead, and we have both served the temple in that MNF are being used as pawns of the will be the beneficiaries.• capacity. various factions. But, most tragically, 29268 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS October 25, 1983 our American marines have suffered tions that the President just does not FOCUSING ON WORLD HUNGER the most with this latest vicious attack have a very clear grasp of the basic on their barracks. issues in United States-Soviet strategic HON. STEVE GUNDERSON How many more American lives will relations, or of the dangers inherent in be lost before our Government will re­ deployment of systems which would OF WISCONSIN alize what is really happening in Leba­ appear to eventually require the abro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES non? We no longer live in a world, nor gation of the ABM agreement. For ex­ Tuesday, October 25, 1983 do I feel we ever really did, where the ample, the October 16 New York United States can act as a world po­ e Mr. GUNDERSON. Mr. Speaker, in liceman in quelling disturbances. Leba­ Times reported that, in a recent meet­ a land of plenty, we devote precious non is going through a terrible and ing with Members of Congress, the little time to the consideration of the tragic civil war. We have no business President indicated: problems of those less fortunate than interfering in this situation. We That he had not realized until recently ourselves. This, unfortunately, is par­ should withdraw our troops as soon as that most of the Soviet Union's nuclear de­ ticularly true of the hungry of the is practical. Finally, I wish to extend fenses were concentrated in its system of world. my condolences and deepest sorrow to heavy land-based missiles. Mr. Reagan re­ Today the House Agriculture Com­ the families of those marines who lost portedly added that he realized now that his mittee will hear from the Secretary of their lives in this despicable attack.e proposals for the Soviets to dismantle their Agriculture and representatives of the heaviest missiles, without similar conces­ State Department, the Agency for sions by the United States were interpreted International Development, the Board THE DANGERS OF THE by many as one-sided. for International Food and Agricultur­ PRESIDENT'S ANTIMISSILE PLAN It appears that the President is just al Development, and others concerned as unclear about his proposed ballistic with the world hunger problem. HON. JOHN F. SEIBERLING missile defense system. The October This hearing is one of several the OF OHIO 18 Washington Post reports that a committee has held on this important IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "senior U.S. weapons scientist who global topic in recent years and, while Tuesday, October 25, 1983 participated in the studies," which I know that it is impossible for every preceded the antimissile defense pro­ Member to be present to hear the tes­ e Mr. SEIBERLING. Mr. Speaker, on timony of the various witnesses, we all October 17, Aviation Week and Space posal, "said it was the consensus of the scientists involved that U.S. develop­ should be informed of the dimensions Technology magazine broke the news of the problem. that an administration senior inter­ ment of a strategic defense would cause the Soviets to redouble their ef­ It is for this reason that I am includ­ agency group has recommended to ing the text of an article by reporter President Reagan that the U.S. forge forts to build new and more effective offensive weapons." Yet in response to Scott Richie of the Minneapolis Trib­ ahead with a multitiered space-based une in the RECORD. Written for World antiballistic missile defense program. a question at his October 19 press con­ Food Day 2 weeks ago, the article pre­ According to Aviation Week, funding ference about the creation of a defen­ sents a series of startling statistics for the program "from fiscal 1985 sive arms race iri space, the President that truly give us a proper perspective through fiscal 1989 range from $27 bil­ said: on world hunger and suggestions from lion to $18 billion." The article reports Well, would that be all bad? If you've got several authorities on how we can best that the: everybody building defense, then nobody's fight it_ Total through deployment of single layer going to start a war. I commend the attention of my col­ of a multilayered defense by the year 2000 Mr. Speaker, the dangers of a space­ would be $92-$94 billion. A multilayer leagues to the article and the continu­ system would cost approximately $95 bil­ weapons race, which could cost us tens ing work of the Agriculture Commit­ lion. of billions of dollars, and which nei­ tee on this issue. The proposed multilayered defense ther we nor the Soviets can win, are [From the Minneapolis Tribune, Oct. 16, system could involve a number of de­ abundantly clear. For example, the 1983] veloping technologies, including X-ray United States is moving ahead with TODAY Is WORLD FOOD DAY-A LOOK AT THE lasers powered by nuclear explosions, plans to deploy its new F-15 antisatel­ HUNGRY ground-based shortwave-length lasers, lite missile. The F-15 ASAT can be and has served representative, scientist, businesswomen­ Besides numerous affiliations with civic as a president of the Maine Federation of the list goes on. The list of their achieve­ and fraternal organizations-including the Women's Clubs. ments even longer. The esteem that is held Ellsworth Chamber of Commerce, the board A graduate of Cony High School, Augusta, for them by colleagues, friends and relatives of directors, Pierre Monteux School of after a brief stint as a journalist she studied would fill pages. But in the end, the Music; and as a leader of 4-H Clubs in Ells­ theater in New York and married writer judges-a committee of three, selected by worth, Alice Tilden was cited for guiding Evan David. In North Castine the couple re­ the Bangor Daily News-after much delib­ those women who have worked with her "by stored an 18th century house where she as­ eration finally selected from scores of en­ setting the ultimate example of how a busi­ sisted her author-husband in research and tries the following, who they feel represent ness and professional woman should dress typing. The 10 Outstanding Women of Northern and and conduct herself." She married Paul Atwood of Brewer a few Eastern Maine. Between 1946-1980 it is estimated that she years following the death of her first hus­ The contest is expected to become an employed more than 500 people in her res­ band, and then became active in women's annual event along with the publication of taurant and motel business, and another 100 clubs. In addition to the DAR, and the Today's Maine Woman. in her fashion business. She has given MFWC , The family-owned business sits on a 100 which fostered a better business climate in Teile served as its first president. The group acre farm in Thorndike. Since 1970 the Maine enabling more people to gain employ­ offers support to the terminally ill and their family has been actively restoring and re­ ment. families. Teile continues as a volunteer care­ tailing antique cast iron cookstoves and She was instrumental in passing an infant giver to the dying. parlor heaters. seat-restraining law for the protection of in­ A wife and mother of two grown children, The market area stretched from the fants; has been a member of a national com­ Teile is an active member of St. John's Epis­ boundaries of Maine across country. And mittee seeking to coordinate activities be­ copal Church. She has been superintendent now the family has found buyers in foreign tween states. In the last session she was ap­ of the Sunday School and an officer in the countries too. pointed to the Reapportionment Commit­ Altar and Women's Guild. She supports the Her achievements in the business has tee. community and the work of the hospital earned her the title of most outstanding They say few women have had or continue through United Way and the Hospital De­ person in the woodstove industry by the to have the impact and influence on the Ka­ velopment Foundation. Past community Wood Heat Alliance. tahdin Region that Anne R. Erickson, service includes participation in Symphony The business began when Mrs. Bryant editor-publisher of the Katahdin-Times, Women and Jaycee Wives. sold her first stove to earn some extra cash, does. Katherine 0. Musgrave, holds a B.S. noting that with eight kids about ready for For nearly a decade she has kept the degree from Maryville College, a R.D. from college the extra cash was urgently needed. public informed in Millinocket and Medway Vanderbilt University, an M.S. from Okla­ Today the Bryant Steel Works is open and surrounding communities with local homa State University, and a C.A.S. from year round and features the Bryant Stove news. Invariably she is first on the scene of the University of Maine, Orono, where she Museum with its collection of ornate and fast breaking news stories, getting to the currently serves as professor of food and nu­ beautiful antique stoves. spot by whatever means available, some­ trition. Bonnie Tidd of Hodgdon has times a plane or snowmobile to cover a She has served as president of the Maine been instrumental in the long-term oper­ mountain rescue, a remote country fire or Dietetic Association, as a member of the ation and advancement of 4-H programs in accident. Maine Nutrition Education and Training Aroostook County. Her work has positively Anne's weekly newspaper is a significant Program advisory council, the Joint Council influenced the lives of numerous youth and voice in the community today, which is a re­ on Food and Agriculture USDA, and as a adults. markable achievement for a person who just member of the Scholarship Committee of She has been key leader of the 4-H Trail a few short years ago did not know a pica Phi Kappa Phi. Blazers since its inception in Smyrna, Sept. from a point. But today, Anne Erickson can For more than 12 years Katherine Mus­ 10, 1975. wear any hat in the newspaper business­ grave served as an advisor to Alpha Beta Amongst many accomplishments and editor, publisher, reporter, advertising sales Chapter 6f Omicron Nu, the national home achievements including 4-H visits to nursing person, photographer ... she can handle it. economics society. Her successor in that homes and charitable events to raise money Alice J. Tilden's name can be found post, Judy E. Libby Hanscom said "I am for Houlton Regional Hospital, over the behind many benefits for crippled children, awed by the footsteps I am following. By ex­ past year she has played a key role in the the Maine Coast Memorial Hospital in Ells­ ample Katherine is a very inspirational col­ organization, operation and direction of the worth, or, as a co-sponsor of the Miss Blue­ league." newly formed Southern Aroostook 4-H berry Pageant, or Miss Ellsworth Pageant Wayne L. Thurston, program director, Leaders Association. where she lives, and runs Alice's Fashions Maine Dairy & Nutrition Council: "She is Encouraging youth to participate fully in Inc. which she founded in 1960. an individual who you hear former students 4-H activities in Aroostook County, she has A prominent businesswoman, she and her refer to with admiration and respect. She initiated a 4-H fair as part of the July husband bought the Brookside Restaurant has the rare ability to take the rather mun- Fourth festivities in Houlton. She encour- October 25, 1983 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 29273 aged 4-H members to attend a wildlife camp benefits for George Stevens Academy, Blue authored more than 100 scientific publica­ in May where she served as chaperone, Hill, and The Little Red School House for tions and has lectured worldwide. kitchen aide, educational program assistant retarded children in Milo. Her shows are Dr. Russell's accomplishments are not lim­ and participant in Sunday services. also presented before Granges, Eastern ited to research. She is extremely active in Bonnie's nominator Deborah B. Killam Star, Senior Citizen groups, church and the educational arena and is passionately says: "I cannot stress enough the impact other organizations, as well as the Teddy devoted to helping young people achieve Bonnie Tidd has had on the lives of 4-H Bear's picnic in Bass Park. their goals. She has been a mentor to many members, parents and adults within the One of 16 children, she and her husband aspiring students. She holds honorary de­ community along with the community Dwight have two children. grees from the University of Maine, Colby itself." Dr. Elizabeth S. Russell, is a retired senior Cathy Sprague of Milo, is recognized not staff scientist at The Jackson Laboratory, College, Ricker College and the Medical for being a "joiner" but for her "individual­ Bar Harbor, who, besides attaining interna­ College of Ohio. She is trustee of the Uni­ ity" and "uniqueness" through other ave­ tional recognition as a Guggenheim Fellow, versity of Maine, the College of the Atlantic nues of endeavor. and a Fellow of the American Academy of and Associated Universities, Inc. She is also She is best known in Milo for turning her Arts and Sciences and the National Acade­ a newly appointed member of the Commis­ home into a free-loan costume shop that my of Sciences, also received one of the sion of Education for the State of Maine. lends out 200-300 various outfits each year highest honors possible for an American cit­ Recently Dr. Russell visited China as a to clubs and individuals. And according to izen in 1983, when she was elected a Fellow guest of the Chinese Union of Health Care Janet Brown "Cathy thinks nothing of of the American Philosophical Society. Providers. She has served as president of whipping up three or four Santa suits just Dr. Russell, or "Tibby" as she prefers to the Genetics Society of America and as a because there is a demand." be known, has resided on Mt. Desert island member of the Advisory Council to the Na­ Cathy is always present at local school since 1937. She is the mother of four chil­ tional Institute of Aging. parties either garbed in an Easter Bunny or dren whom she raised single-handedly while One colleague describes her as ". . . a Mrs. Santa suit. During the holiday season pursuing a long, varied and productive warm caring human being ... who inspires she makes and personally delivers 100 holi­ career. the admiration, trust and affection of day favors for area senior citizens. International recognition has been all .. .".e She has become widely known for her an­ achieved by Dr. Russell for her research in tique clothing shows which she presents for Mammalian Physiological Genetics. She has