22896 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 15, 1975

Spruiell, Jerry B., xxx-xx-xxxx . VETERINARY CORPS Istvan, Dorothy E .. xxx-xx-xxxx . Stone, Leland M ., xxx-xx-xxxx . To be lieu tenant colonel K alandros, K onstant, xxx-xx-xxxx . Summary, James J., xxx-xx-xxxx . K ing, Joyce W., xxx-xx-xxxx . Fairchild, David G., xxx-xx-xxxx . Thompson, Eugene G., xxx-xx-xxxx . K ucha, Deloros H., xxx-xx-xxxx . Fruin, John T ., xxx-xx-xxxx . Trumbla, Thomas E., xxx-xx-xxxx . K untz, M ary K ., xxx-xx-xxxx . Johnsen, Dennis 0., xxx-xx-xxxx . Vallandingham, James, xxx-xx-xxxx . Lamontagne, M ary E., xxx-xx-xxxx . K err, William K ., xxx-xx-xxxx . Vance, William M ., xxx-xx-xxxx . Lifshen, Sheldon, xxx-xx-xxxx . Reddin, George B., Jr., xxx-xx-xxxx . Vimont, William J., xxx-xx-xxxx . M attiesen, Jerry A ., xxx-xx-xxxx . Reynolds, Buddy L., xxx-xx-xxxx . Waters, George A., xxx-xx-xxxx . M cK enzie, N ancy J., xxx-xx-xxxx . Reynolds, Scott L., xxx-xx-xxxx . Webb, Byron D., xxx-xx-xxxx . M esserschmidt, M ary, xxx-xx-xxxx . Weiss, Joseph D., xxx-xx-xxxx . ARMY NURSE CORPS Pocklington, Dorothy, xxx-xx-xxxx . Whitlaw, Joseph T ., xxx-xx-xxxx . To be lieutenant colonel R ossi, M arguarite J., xxx-xx-xxxx . Yamanouchi, K enneth, xxx-xx-xxxx . A mmon, K athryn J., xxx-xx-xxxx . R uester, M argaret E., xxx-xx-xxxx . Young, James R ., xxx-xx-xxxx . A ntilla, Betty J., xxx-xx-xxxx . Samuels, Claude C., xxx-xx-xxxx . ARMY MEDICAL SPECIALIST CORPS Borg, N aldean J., xxx-xx-xxxx . Shinskie, Edward F., xxx-xx-xxxx . To be lieu tenant colonel Bourne, O lga C., xxx-xx-xxxx . Skinner, Fay J., xxx-xx-xxxx . Budack, M arietta E.. xxx-xx-xxxx . Snell, Joan, xxx-xx-xxxx . Buss, Carole J., xxx-xx-xxxx . Burns, M arlene G., xxx-xx-xxxx . Steinike, M ary L., xxx-xx-xxxx . Dayton, M iller P., xxx-xx-xxxx . Carson, A melia J., xxx-xx-xxxx . Stemm, Patricia A ., xxx-xx-xxxx . Doctor, Robert L., xxx-xx-xxxx . Christ, N ancy M ., xxx-xx-xxxx . Hammond, Charles W., xxx-xx-xxxx . Stepulis, John J.. xxx-xx-xxxx . Clayton, Sanford A ., xxx-xx-xxxx . Hartman, C harles W., xxx-xx-xxxx . Sutherland, William. xxx-xx-xxxx . Devoss, Joan K., xxx-xx-xxxx . Join, Janet P., xxx-xx-xxxx . Troniar, M aryrose F., xxx-xx-xxxx . Fiaschi, Peter J., xxx-xx-xxxx . Lucas, M ary E., xxx-xx-xxxx . Vanlith, R ita W., xxx-xx-xxxx . S hannon, Philip D., xxx-xx-xxxx . Gray, Helen V., xxx-xx-xxxx . Vineys, Eugenia A., xxx-xx-xxxx . Touchard, M aryjo S., xxx-xx-xxxx . Harder, M ary F., xxx-xx-xxxx . Walls. M arion J., xxx-xx-xxxx . Troy, O neta D., xxx-xx-xxxx . Hawkins, R oberta W., xxx-xx-xxxx . Yamabayashi, Gilbert, xxx-xx-xxxx . Vickery, Jane C., xxx-xx-xxxx . Herman, James W., xxx-xx-xxxx . Zitzelberger, John, xxx-xx-xxxx .

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

THE NEED FOR FOOD STAMP S hocking F ederal regulations have poverty indices as the cutoff points for REFORM turned a worthy and humane food stamp food stamp eligibility. program into an administrative night- By eliminating the present complicated mare and a public ripoff. S ome able- system of income deductions through HON. ROBERT W. DANIEL, JR. bodied persons who do not wish to work which many high-income families qual- OF VIRGINIA can get food stam ps. P ersons w ho ify for food stamps. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES quit their jobs without good reason By instituting reasonable resource can get food stamps. M inor children limitations, to insure that individuals Tuesday, July 15, 1975 can get food stamps without parental who possess considerable material wealth M r. R O BE R T W. DA N IE L, JR . M r. consent or control. T he ow ners of do not take advantage of their neighbors S peaker, the food stamp program is a jewelry, furs, and luxury appliances can by using food stamps. w ell-intentioned program that has get food stamps. T here is literally no By denying food stamp eligibility to grown wildly out of proportion. What be- limit to the ways the taxpaying public college students, strikers, and able- gan 10 years ago as a modest F ederal can be exploited through the food stamp bodied persons, without small children, project funded at $40 million will this program. who do not choose to work. year cost well over $6.6 billion. A nd yet, food stamps were initiated By instituting simple administrative W hile the cost of the food stamp because there was a valid need for them. procedures, now woefully lacking, which program has increased by over 14,000 Some of our countrymen needed a hand, will crack down on food stamp fraud, percent in the last 10 years, the number and we were rightly willing to extend it multiple applications, and the black of A mericans living below the poverty to them. S ome still are in need, and I marketeering of food stamps. level has declined. believe the A merican people are still Because the National Food Stamp Re- We need to provide assistance to those willing to aid them. form Act combines the frugality we owe Americans who really need our help, but T hat is why, for those most in need, all taxpayers with the generous com- we cannot ask the taxpayers to finance a the N ational F ood S tamp R eform A ct passion our country has always shown to multi-billion dollar program with no ra- would significantly expand nutritional the less fortunate, I am happy to sub- tional limits. Present Federal regulations assistance. M illions of poor A mericans mit it for the consideration of the House. permit millions of A mericans who are would benefit directly and substantially I join my distinguished colleagues from not economically deprived to become from its enactment. The elderly, who are the House and Senate in recommending eligible for food stamps. T oday one in least able to defend their pocketbooks this legislation not only to the Congress, every four Americans, 57.3 million, are against the onslaught of federally cre- but also to the P resident and to the eligible for food stamps. We are fast ap- ated inflation, would be given special American people. Together we can make proaching the point at which a third or consideration, And the food stamp allot- the food stamp program less expensive a half of the A merican people may be ment of every recipient would be imme- and more effective. T his bill offers us eligible for this form of public assistance. diately increased by 29 percent. the means to do so. We need only the Enough is enough. I have joined today The reforms we are proposing will ac- will to use it. with 55 colleagues in the House in in- complish all this at the same time that troducing legislation which will overhaul they cut back the food stamp rolls and the entire food stamp program. A com- simplify administration. We estimate that a reformed food stamp program, panion bill is being simultaneously intro- TRIBUTE TO PETER M. McG AVIN duced in the Senate. carefully administered and generously O ur intention is to correct its abuses available to the truly needy, would save while strengthening its merits. We offer a $2 billion this year and would keep the program of reform. We propose changes program from getting completely out of HON. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN that will reduce the food stamp rolls hand in years ahead. T hat is $2 billion OF M ISSOURI while simultaneously expanding benefits in Federal revenues which could be re- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to the truly needy. We hope to end the turned to the taxpayers of America, who Tuesday, July 15, 1975 national scandal of allowing affluent also must buy groceries for their families. families to literally live off the labor of That savings can be effected through M rs. S U LLIVA N . M r. S peaker, I would th o s e w h o m u s t w o r k f o r th e ir d a ily se v e ra l c o m m o n se n se m e a su re s- like to say a few words of tribute to the bread. By using the F ederal Government's memory of Peter M . M cGavin, Execu- July 15~ 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22897 tive Secretary-Treasurer of the AFL­ U.S. CITIZENS MISSING supplied by the American government to the Turkish forces. CIO Maritime Trades Department, who I urge you to vote against resumption of died a week ago Sunday at his home in HON. JAMES J. BLANCHARD any military aid to Turkey until my brother, Bethesda, Md. brother-in-law and the other American citi­ Pete McGavin had a long history in OF MICHIGAN zens are found. the labor movement dating from 1940 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Sincerely yours, until the present, with a few years out Tuesday, July 15, 1975 FAY KAsSAPIS, for service in the U.S. Army. In his many Sterling Heights, Mich. years in the labor movement, Peter Mc­ Mr. BLANCHARD. Mr. Speaker, ac­ cording to recently published news re­ HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Gavin served in many capacities. In Washington, D.C., July 15, 1975. November 1960, he was unanimously ports, the House of Representatives will in the near future be ta.king up the ques­ Dr. HENRY KISSINGER, elected Secretary-Trea-surer of the Secretary of State, Department of State, Maritime Trades Department of the tion of lifting the embargo on military Washington, D.C. AFL-CIO. We in the Merchant Marine aid to Turkey. DEAR DR. KISSINGER: I have recently been and Fisheries Committee got to know his I believe it is hard for us here in Wash­ informed by the American Hellenic Congress work with the merchant marine in these ington, thousands of miles away from that a total of 24 American citizens are latter years. Pete was totally devoted to the Republic of Cyprus, to truly appre­ among the total of approximately 2,500 per­ the U.S.-:flag merchant fleet and worked ciate the tragic effect upon that nation sons missing as a consequence of the invasion of the Turkish inva-sion of July 20, 1974. of the Republic of Cyprus by Turkey. with the Committee on many matters Enclosed ls a copy of a letter which I have dedicated to this goal. Two hundred thousand Greek Cypriots received from a relative of one of these I would like to join with Pete's many became refugees in 1 week in that one­ Americans. An American citizen herself and friends in the labor movement, and in sided conflict between regular units of a constituent of mine, she was forced from the U.S. maritime industry, in sending the Turkish Army and the Cypriot Na­ her home during the invasion and now lives condolences to his wife Dorothy and his tional Guard. Two thousand five hundred with other relatives in Sterling Heights, son Stephen. Over all these years Pete Greek Cypriots are still unaccounted for. Michigan. McGavin has been an outstanding figure The effect of the invasion as a whole, In view of the enormous investment of like other large-scale events of history, men and material expended on behalf of in the labor movement and in the U.S. some 40 American citizens who were seized maritime industry and he will be sorely cannot be grasped except statistically. recently on the Mayaguez under alleged il­ missed by these organizations and by his But, as with other tragedies of this legal circumstances, I would greatly appreci­ many friends. scope, occasionally a single story or epi­ ate answers to the following questions: Set out below, Mr. Speaker, is an sode may be recounted which conveys (1) What action is being taken by the its real meaning in human terms. U.S. government to ascertain the whereabouts article about Peter McGavin which was of these persons and bring about their re­ in the July 12, 1975 AFL-CIO News. Such an episode, to me, was described in a letter which I received July 10 from lease if, in fact, they are not dead? PETER M. MCGAVIN DIES, MARITIME :_ EPT. a constituent, Ms. Fay Kassapis, of Ster­ (2) What is the distinction between these LEADER ling Heights, Mich. American nationals and others in Vietnam Peter M. McGavin, executive secretary­ or on the Mayaguez? In other words, why Ms. Kassapis is an American citizen were they not similarly accorded the full and treasurer of the AFL-CIO Maritime Trades who was living in Cyprus at the time of Dept., died at his home in Bethesda, Md., immediate protection of the U.S. government July 6 of cancer. He was e6 years old. the invasion. She wa-s one of these left when in danger? McGavin, who joined the labor movement homeless. (3) What information is currently avail­ 35 years .ago, held his post with the MTD In addition, however, her brother, who able regarding these persons? Have any de­ for nearly 15 years. Before assuming the is also an American citizen, and her nials of knowledge or other statements been position, he served as assistant to AFL--CIO brother-in-law were taken away by the issued by the Turkish government concern­ President George Meany. He was a member Turks and there has been no word of ing them? of the Machinists. their whereabouts since. Leaving aside the various violations by Meany and Sec.-Treas. L.ane Kirkland, in a Turkey of U.S. law and U.N. resolution, this letter to McGavin's wife, Dorothy, said According to the American Hellenic transgression seems to me to call into ques­ "there is no way to express what his [ifts Congress, Ms. Kassapis' brother is 1 of 24 tion, our firmness and resolve in interna­ and dedication have meant to the labor American citizens who is missing as a tional affairs. It therefore seems to me worthy movement. His loss is irreparable." result of the invasion. of your prompt attention. MTD President Paul Hall said that Mc­ I have spoken with Ms. Kassapis and Your investigation of this matter would Gavin's accomplishments in behalf of the assured her of my sympathy and con­ be appreciated. department's affilla.ted unions "will long en­ Best regards. cern for her brother and brother-in-law. Sincerely, dure and be remembered." I have also written to Secretary Kis­ "All of us who knew Pete will remember JA;:\,lES J. BLANCHARD, him for his loyalty and dedication to the singer to inquire what action is being Member of Congress. labor movement he served so long and so taken by our Government to account for well," Hall said. "More than that, \Ve will these missing Americans and assure the also remember hiin as a warm human being safety of any who may be left alive. and .a valued friend." I am inserting copies of Ms. Kassapis' THE DEATH OF LAWRENCE Born in Grand Rapids, Mich., McGavin letter to me, and my letter to Dr. Kis­ WILLIAMS joined the AFL organizing staff in 1940. He singer, in the RECORD, both for the in­ returned to his position with the AFL in formation of my colleagues and a-s a re­ 1946 following four years of Army service in World War II. minder of the terrible human cost of the HON. HERMAN T. SCHNEEBELI In 1949, AFL President William Green invasion of Cyprus. OF PEN SYLVANIA named him regional director for Pennsyl­ The letters follow: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES v.ania and West Virginia.. Four yea.rs later, DEAR MR. CONGRESSMAN: My name is Fay he was appointed assistant national organ­ Kassapis. I was born in Detroit Michigan. Monday, July 14, 1975 ization director. During the Turkish invasion of Cyprus I Mr. SCHNEEBELI. Mr. Speaker, along Named an assistant to Meany in 1955, was there with my family studying at the with my colleagues from the previous McGavln handled hundreds of jur1scllction­ American Academy. al disputes and worked with state and local I am one of the 200,000 refugees since I Congress and with many other Ameri­ central bodies and federal labor unions and was forced by the Turkish troops to leave my cans, I am saddened by the death of assisted national and international unions. home. Now I live with relatives in Sterling former Congressman Lawrence Williams He was unanimously elected executive Heights Michigan while the rest of my fam­ of Pennsylvania. secretary-treasurer of the MTD in Novem­ ily are still in Cyprus. Those of us who served with Larry as ber 1960, .and assumed the duties of the My brother Andy who is also an American members of the Pennsylvania congres­ position on Jan. 1, 1961. citizen and brother-in-law Leo were picked sional delegation, and especially as mem­ McGavln ls survived by his wife and a up by the invading Turkish forces. They were son, Stephen. taken away and were never seen or heard bers of the same party, were able to ob­ Services were held at Our Lady of Lourdes since. serve in him many attributes of a fine Catholic Church in Bethesda. Interment was They may have been killed by an American Representative. His capabilities as a in Silver Spring, Md. made bullet, fired by an American made rifle Legislator were demonstrated by his ac- 22898 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 'JyJii 15, 1975 tive participation in floor debate, and by disrupt community services when local of­ of being able to ma.ke a reasonable com­ his dedicated committee work. ficials balk at bowing to its will, has climbed in membership from 84,000 in 1950 to over parison with the savage and violent in­ Larry and I shared great concern about humane crimes of the Second World War. the fiscal policies of the Federal Govern­ 700,0-00 today. It is the only part of the labor union movement which shows significant Their takeover has affected all aspects of ment, and I admired his conscientious gains. the Cypriots' lives from the economic efforts to hold down the ever-escalating Thus the taxpayers have cause for alarm stability of the island to the education of budget and Federal spending. as evidenced by the chaotic situation in New both high school and elementary stu­ He will be missed by many, and Mrs. York City where the metropolis is on the dents. Vandalism, rape, torture, and mm·­ Schneebeli and I extend our sympathy verge of bankruptcy brought on by fantastic der are among the tales of horror that to his wife Marge and to his family. union demands. The situation in New York reveals the ex­ occur each day as the heavily armed treme peril that results when public sector Turks move through Greek Cypriot union bosses are allowed to use their politi­ mountain villages. THE PLIGHT OF NEW YORK CITY cal muscle to extort just about anything I have strongly opposed the aggressive they want from the public treasury action and unjustifiable behavior of the CONTAINS A LESSON FOR ALL In view of the appalling situation in New AMERICA Turkish Government and occupying York City, Americans need to take a new forces. I therefore call upon my col­ look at the concept of collective bargaining. They could well begin by considering the re­ leagues in Congress to oppose all meas­ HON. LARRY McDONALD marks of Paul Johnson, a well-known British ures that will lift the ban on U.S. mili­ OF GEORGIA socialist who has come to realize the danger tary assistance to Turkey until such time IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to society in the power exercised by labor as Turkish forces are withdrawn from unions. Cyprus and there is a negotiated settle­ Tuesday, July 15, 1975 Writing May 16 in The New Statesman, Mr. ment by both Greek and Turkish Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. Johnson pointed out that what we call "free Cypriots. collective bargaining" is nothing of the sort. Speaker, the plight of New York City He said: "It is groups of people using their could become the plight of the United strength to force other groups, or society as States if we in the Congress do not a whole, into compliance with their will." BIRD AND SON, INC. change the course of the ship of state. Mr. Johnson further noted: "And here, New York City has become a drain not if anywhere, some people are 'freer' than only upon the once proud Empire State, others. It is notorious that certain groups, HON. JOE MOAKLEY but threatens to become a major finan­ such as the electrical power workers, have a OF MASSACHUSETTS greater leverage over the community than cial drain on the Nation. Neither a city, others. It is therefore suggested that they IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nor a State, nor the Nation can con­ should automatically be paid more because Tuesday, July 15, 1975 tinually spend more than it takes in of this fact? No one actually says so, but in revenue and continue to borrow and such is the moral logic-if you can call it Ml'. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, I would borrow. The reasons for the plight of that-of unrestricted wage bargaining." like to take this opportunity to inform New York City are varied and complex, In other words, unrestricted wage bargain­ my colleagues of the Bird and Son, but one of the major reasons for the ing by powerful unions produces a coercive Inc. Grant Program. Funds to help re­ city's financial troubles is the strangle­ situation. In practical terms, as seen in New store and preserve more than 100 Amer­ hold of the public employee unions in York City, it is a formula for community ican landmarks were recently awarded misery. When collective bargaining is applied through the first privately sponsored, the city. on a national scale, and when entire in­ Anthony Harrigan, in his column dustries are subjected to unreasonable de­ national historic site grant program. "Sensing the News," released on July 10, mands, it becomes a formula for national Bird and Son, Inc. one of the Nation's 1975, describes the problem very well in misery. foremost producers of building materials my view, and I commend his column to The only answer to the problems of New and industrial machinery, awarded $100,- the attention of my colleagues: York City is to curb the power of the unions. 000 in matching grants of up to $5,000 The citizenry, whether in New York City or A FORMULA FOR l\'1:ISERY for exterior improvements of various elsewhere, cannot permit unions to disrupt historic sites. Organizations in 45 States . (By Anthony Harrigan) or shut down essential services. Unions can­ not be allowed to set prices on essential and the District of Columbia were Interruption of services by New York sani­ awarded grants in 30 different classifica­ tation and demonstrations by policemen community services-prices which are be­ dropped from the city's payroll point to the yond the ability of the taxpayers to pay. tions, including government buildings, danger of "civil servants" coercing a commu­ The tragedy is that the United States to­ houses of worship, town commons, edu­ nity. day doesn't have an antitrust law which cational institutions, burial grounds, and New York City ls in grave financial trouble covers labor unions and which would pre­ museums. Work to be undertaken ranges today because unions representing sanita­ vent exercise of monopoly power by unions. from repairing roofs and restructuring tlonmen, teachers, policemen, firemen and If such a law were on the books, New York walls and foundations to repainting other city employees have insisted on wage City wouldn't be on the brink of bankruptcy. original brickwork, landscaping, and the increases and retirement and pension pro­ placement of site information markers. visions which are beyond the city's means. This ls not to say one doesn't feel some This program responds to the ongoing sympathy for the policemen, firemen and FIRST ANNIVERSARY OF THE effort to save our landmarks. James sanitationmen. Mayor Bea.me, in making cuts TURKISH INVASION Biddle, President of the National Trust in the city's budget, chose to cut muscle in­ for Historic Preservation commented: stead of fat. While the policemen and fire­ Not only is the shortage of moneys criti­ men were dropped, the huge mass of welfare HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI cal, but in these times it is not unusual to recipients suffered no losses. The army o:t OF NEW JERSEY find groups losing the presentation battle bureaucrats in the city's educational depart­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES because of the lack of money. The response ment escaped penalty. to the Bird program d1·amatically under­ Nevertheless, the plight of the city work­ Tuesday, July 15, 1975 scores the vast need, and certainly their ers and of the entire city is caused by politi­ Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, July 20, interest is invaluable in the fight to save our cians and union leaders working in concert. landmarks. The taxpayers are the victims. And now the 1975, will mark the first anniversary of politicians want to pass the bm·den of exces­ the Turkish invasion of Cyprus. A full Bird president Ralph E. Heim is cur­ sive metropolitan government costs to the year has passed and the crisis in the rently working with the National Trust State or Federal Government. eastern Mediterranean still lingers on. to launch a nationwide appeal to busi­ The root problem in New Yorlc City is the Suppressed under a Turkish occupation ness and industry to support State and excessive power of the public employe unions. force that controls nearly half of the local preservation organizations. They They hold a club over the head of the city island, Cyprus is still capable of touch­ emphasize that the endeavor represents and do not hesitate to use it. ing off a war between Greece and Turkey. Ironically, union bosses aim. to acquire an opportunity to invest in America's similar power elsewhere in the Nation. Since the invasion, brutal atrocities heritage during this Bicentennial era. The American Federation of State, County aimed at the Greek Cypriots have oc­ In keeping with this idea, Bird plans to and Municipal Employes, headed by Jerome curred throughout the island. The Turks write to the Nation's 500 largest corpora­ Wurf, is conducting a nationwide power have repeatedly inflicted immeasurable tions and encourage them to join in the drive. This union, which :ioesn't hesitate to suffering on these citizens to the point preservation effort. July 15, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22899 crisis in the movement which is under in­ tion of Human Rights. -Thus the most im­ Bird's interest in historic preservation creasing pressure from the Soviet authori­ portant step to achieve was to bring the laws apparentlY stems from its history. It was ties. The number of activists ls dwindling of the State into accordance with human founded 1n 1795 as a small paper mill on and communications with the outside world rights, and to see to it that the State ob­ the Charles River in Needham, Mass. are becoming more difficult. serves these laws. For we all know that in The manufacturing firm is presentlY Stephens and Murarka talked fl1·st to the case of our country and its Constitu­ headquartered in Walpole, Mass., and Andrei Sakharov, pictured above with his tion-which proclaims many civil rights-the wife, Elena, a doctor, who shares his work in laws are ignored. They exist, so to say, only consists of 30 plants and offices in 14 on paper. The same is true o:f [the adminis­ States and Canada, employing over 3,000 the human rights movement. Sakharov is a modest, gentle man of 54, with white hair tration of] justice and legal procedure. There people. and a ruddy, boyish face. He speaks quietly have been many serious infringements of I am grateful for Bird's contribution and slowly, as if grappling with the truth. legal procedure in both political and crimi­ to the preservation of our Nation's land­ He is able to work at his scientific institute, n al cases. marks, and I urge a-dditional companies but is unable to take up an invitation to At roughly the same period, an activist join in this commendable endeavor. lecture at the Institute of Advanced Studies group for the defence of human rights was in Princeton, USA, for fear he might not be formed. They began to issue an illegal sam­ allowed back into Russia. He can no longer izdat [ clandestinely circulated] periodical make international telephone calls without called The Chronicle of current Events. I think it expressed these principles most Ar7DREI SAKHAROV: WHY I SPEAK being cut off. His wife is unable to obtain vividly. Those who ran this periodical said OUT ALONE permission to visit Italy for treatment of a serious eye diSease, originally contracted from the very beginning that they were not during war service as a nurse, and which going to interpret events, but would try to HON. DONALD M. FRASER she cannot get properly treated in Moscow. inform readers of certain authentic facts. His son-in-law and grandchildren have been The Chronicle immediately became an object OF MINNESOTA threatened with violence. of persecution. Those who read it or passed IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES it on to others were harassed. Many a.re still Sakharov is often considered by outsiders in prison. There was no kind of party or Tuesday, July 15, 1975 to represent those dissidents who would like the West to make detente conditional on the political organisation involved. Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, the Ob­ As for me, I began to speak out publicly Soviet Union liberalising human rights, all on my own. Then I establiShed friendly server Review, June 8, 1975, published whereas Medvedev is identified with those relations-personal llnks--with a number ot an interview with Soviet dissident And­ who welcome all detente measures and hope people. So perhaps I should be called a dis~ rei Sakharov. t-0 liberalise the Soviet system within a sident, but it is not a politically meaningful Sakharov is a man of great com·age. Marxist framework. term. His dedication to basic human rights Sakharov was first asked how he now saw MURARKA. How far has the dissident move­ radiates from the printed page reproduc­ the situation of the dissident movement. ment been able to obtain wider public sup­ ing his spoken words. His description of Was it true that there were two di1ferent port? And doesn't relying on outside support schools of thought about its programme and from the West make it more difficult to get human rights in the Soviet Union and policies? popular backing-doesn't it make the dissi­ the role Western public opinion can have Andrei Sakha,rov. I have the impression dents liable to be accused of being on the Soviet situation merit our atten­ that these questions are being put to the unpatriotic? tion. wrong person. What I feel now, right at this SAKHAROV. This question of whether the He says: moment, is a deep concern for the troubles dissidents find the support of the people and We can't forgive ourselves either, of course. of the people who are close to me. in which situations they find it, ls dlfficult We all feel a moral responsibility for what Indeed, in my writings I tried to suggest a to discuss in terms of the current situation. was going on then. For 'dekulakisa.tion,' for sort of programme, certain kinds of reforms: Because the dissident movement is a matter the fa.mine that this artificially created and what I think my country should be like, of individual conscience. Those who are in for the millions of people who died as a re­ what kind of support the West might provide the movement act under a personal, inner sult. For all those labour camps, for the us; how we might combine efforts With the impulse. How the masses react to it, I can't events of 1937, for the forced emigration of West. But in general I can't look upon my­ tell for certain, because that is a question re­ masses o:f peoples-of Tartars, for example, self as a political leader, or a person who quiring sociological research, which is not of Russians of German descent, and many creates political programmes. In reality, my undertaken in the USSR and would be un­ other national minorities. life is quite different from that. Right now thinkable, because this particular subject is We feel that we share a collective responsi­ I'm worried a.bout the arrests of my friend too painful. bility for ·an this. But we also feel that the Kovalev and of other friends, such as Bu­ However, I think in truth not many peo­ West was responsible too. People in the West kovsky and Plyusch, who are now in prison. ple understand the movement and sympa­ failed to notice all this. They closed their Ten years ago a new public current thise with it. At the same time, there is a eyes to it-and, I think, to a certain extent emerged in our country. Its central issue was general dissatisfaction among the people did this quite consciously. to defend human rights and, of course, open­ caused by material handicaps. And the people This might explain why we are so happy ness in government. lts starting point was are irritated by all sorts of absurdities in our when people in the West show concern for the campaign of protests against the arrest country. But all this is not quite the same as us. It gives us a spark o:f hope. of Slnyavsky and Daniel. Many people who support for the dissidents. The movement is But if we speak about practical results • • • were involved in it had troubles themselves In fact, an extremely Isolated group o:f peo~ Concern shown by Western countries helped later on and we had to defend them. so, a. pie. Moreover, it is isolated also :from the in­ ~ free some political prisoners; for others it kind o:f chain reaction developed. Bit by bit, telligentsia, as well as from the broad masses. improved conditions in their labour camps­ a very large campaign had been organised STEPHENS. What do you feel about support still, the results are poor. But I must say with many thousands of people joining in from the West generally? that it might help to restrain future repres­ and signing protests, for they realised that SAKHAROV. This support is most important sions. At the present moment, there is lit­ something of great principle waa involved. for us. First of all, we are striving to achieve tle hope for those who are in prisons, in It was a question of defending not only these free expression in our society. But the only labour camps and mental clinics. Western people's well-being, but freedom of thought place where we can achieve effective expres­ help has so far not been really effective. and speech in general in our country. sion is in the West. This was quite a chaJlenge t.o the official 0f Mrs. SAKHAROV. The samizdat publications He confirms my view that violations mentality--and to the prevailing public con­ do not have a. wide circulation here. But basic human rights ought to be the con­ formism .•.• As you know a severe reaction through the [Western] radio the chances are cern of everyone. To ignore them as "in­ on the part of our authorities ensued. Almost greater.•.• ternal matters" threatens to turn indi­ all those who took pa.rt in this campaign en­ countered troubles o:f one sort or another. SAKHAROV. We know there have been some vidual cases of brutality into a general The mere signing of a protest was enough publications in the West about the state of climate of brutality. for people to lose their jobs. Many still suf­ things in the soviet Union, as well as dissi­ The interview, preceded by a intro­ fer unpleasant consequences even now. dent problems and about political prisoners ductory note follows: At that time a dominant point of view and their living conditions. We think this is emerged among those who later became very valuable, and not simply as a support [From the Observer Review, June 8, 1975 J for us as Individuals. But we think it's also WHY I SPEAK OUT ALONE known as dissidents. It can't be called a pro­ gramme; it was rather something like a con­ important for the Western public itself to (By Andrei Sakharov) viction that the most important thing was have a wider picture of the Soviet Union and INTRODUCTYON.-In Moscow recently Rob­ human rights, and that the whole purpose to add to the official version of things the ert Stephens and Dev Murarka, talked to of the State should be to protect these rights. news that goes out through dissident Andrei Sakharov, "father of the Soviet H­ I'm not talking only about citizens' civll channels. bomb,' and to Roy Medvedev, the historlan­ rights, but about human rights in general, Half of my life and the life of mv genera­ both leading dissidents-about the current as they are defined in the Universal Declara- tion was spent in the Stalin era, and in many 22000 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 15, 1975 respects we still psychologically live by its level. I hope that further developments will and will be able to buy Western consumer standards. In our heart of hearts, we still lead to more positive results. Gradually, talk goods for their families. The very high rank­ can't forgive the West for its ignoring of about it wlll no longer surprise or shock any­ ing officials may even start going to the what was then taking place in our one. People won't think of it as interference Mediterranean holiday resorts or on African country..•. in the internal affairs of other countries, safaris. Conversely, foreign tourists who We can't forgive ourselves either, of course. because it's all a question of universal human come here will go around the country in We all feel a moral responsibility for what rights ..•. An innocent person shouldn't be tourist buses, prevented by simple measures was going on them. For 'dekulakisation,' for kept in prison or a mental clinic and from making contacts with the Soviet people. the fa.mine that this artificially created and shouldn't be deprived of the right to leave They will travel along certain routes, care­ for the millions of people who died as a re­ the country when he feels a need to, or fully worked out beforehand. sult. For all those labour camps, for the simply feels like doing so. Already, as a result of the signing of the events of 1937, for the forced emigration of Murarka. Some people, among them Roy Copyright Convention by the Soviet Union, masses of people-of Tartars, for example, of Medvedev, argue that it's possible to have a only books that the Soviet authorities choose Russians of German descent, and many other dialogue with the Soviet authorities and per­ will be published abroad. The same will hap­ national minorities. suade them; and that this will gradually and pen to foreign literature published in the We feel that we share a collective respon­ slowly bring reforms. Do you share this point Soviet Union. The whole sphere of interna·· sibUlty for all this. But we also feel that of view? tional contacts will be under the complete the West was responsible too. People in the Sakharov. That is not exactly what Med­ control of the proper authorities here. West failed to notice all this. They closed vedev says. But I'd rather not start polemics There should be consistency in the West's their eyes to i t--,and, I think, to a certain with him now. Personally I always refrain policy. It's important that the Western extent did this quite consciously. from advising people how to behave. I have countries work out a united long-term policy This might explain why we are so happy myself acted differently at different times. I for dealing with the Soviet Union. For exam­ ple, if they want to use trade with the Soviet when people in the west show concern for began by appealing directly and privately to Union as a means of applying pressure on it, us. It gives us a spark of hope. the leaders of our State in the form of letters then such a policy should be followed by But if we speak about practical results ... containing suggestions. all Western countries, so that the Soviet Concern shown by Western countries helped My first unpublished appeals and sugges­ Union can't obtain an advantage with any to free some political prisoners; for others tions disappeared somewhere in the desks of one country. it improved conditions in their labour our bureaucracy. But my public suggestions Murarka. Can you do any scientific work ca.mps-still, the results are poor. But I and appeals became internationally famous. now? must say that it might help to restrain If they had any effect on our leadership I Sakharvo. I still try to do some, and this future repressions. At the present moment, think that was the reason. Since then I have year I managed more than last. there is little hope for those who are in appealed directly to foreign public opinion Murarka. What a.re your relations with prisons, in labour camps and mental clinics. only. And my latest method is to appeal to the other scientists at your Institute? Western help has so far not been really ef­ Soviet as well as foreign statesmen together Sakharov. As far as my department is con­ fective. at their summit meetings. cerned, the relations are wonderful. But the Mrs. Sakharov. I think that the reason for I appealed to Brezhnev and Nixon, when administration tried to make my colleageus the failure to achieve practical help for po­ Nixon was here. Then I wrote to Brezhnev refuse to shake hands with me, and in gen­ litioa.l prisoners is that not all the Western and Ford, when Ford was here [in Vladivos­ eral to create a hostile atmosphere. publications or expressions of Western pub­ tok) and quite recently I addressed Brezhnev Stephens. Another question about detente. lic opinion reach our top leaders, those with and Wilson during his la.st visit. I also ap­ You've said that conditions should be at­ the power to make decision. Their advisers proached Trudeau when he was here. But I tached to detente. But can these be applied don't tell them anything. The Pa.novs' case don't think that what I am doing ls the to all question of detente: for example, to is very typical. The whole world was scream­ only possible tactic, often I myself do not the nuclear relations between the two super­ ing for them, but until the British Prime know what to do. powers, which have somehow to be con­ Minister personally approached Kosygin, Mura.rka. Don't you think a new situation trolled if war is to be a.voided. Is it possible nothing helped. We are almost certain that has emerged that might require new thinking to have nuclear co-operation while remain­ when Andrei Dimitrievich [Sakharov) was and a. new approach besides protesting ing rigid on other matters? on hunger strike-to show his concern a.bout through Western leaders or public opinion? Sakharov. Well, I think that there should the fate of our political prisoners during Sakharov. As the dissident movement is be priority for the nuclear aspect of de­ Nixon's visit- Brezhnev didn't know a.bout not a political party, it's difficult to prescribe tente. But, unfortunately, they cannot be it: and he is the one in power. particular tactics. It's all worked out spon­ separated from other aspects. They are all Sakharov. That's why a lot depends on taneously. We are motivated only by the fact linked together. And making the Soviet sys­ those Western statesmen who make contacts that rights are violated, so we have to defend tem open is one of the conditions for im­ on the highest level. If they could give at­ them, but very few people have been active plementing nuclear agreeemnts effectively. tention to matters of a humanitarian na­ outside the national minorities movement. Even the smallest chance of deceit should be ture in their discussions with our officials, Some-their names are not known-formed excluded from these argreements. I believe it would be most valuable. a group to publish The Chronicle, there were that any perfect agreement on nuclear dis­ stephens. Isn't it perhaps better to have the remnants of the Action Group for Human armament is possible only if it is linked with such questions raised privately rather than Rights-one of the Kovalev, and a very tiny agreements on trade, scientific and cultural officially, which invites a rebuff? group of Amnesty International. With the exchanges and so on. Nuclear disarmament Mrs. Sakharov. But what would make your exception of the Jewish group and foreign is impossible without changes in the nature leaders concern themselves about our correspondents, for three yea.rs my telephone of the Soviet system. The problem itseU Bukovsky, for example? Only your public was the ma.in channel to the West for infor­ emerged because of the existence of two dif­ opinion will do it. mation about all kinds of violations. The ferent political and social systems. And Sakharov. Wilson has to know that he'll West should consider the troubles with tele­ without bringing these systems closer to lose some votes if he doesn't stand up for phone communication as a serious violation each other, the roots of antagonism will still Bukovsky. The thing is, Wilson is a. practical of human rights. be there. politician-I speak about Wilson now as a It's not only a formal question of breaking generalisation; it applies to any Western certain telephone conventions. What is most statesman, whose country has various inter­ important about it is that, in practice, such WHY H.R. 5901 DESERVES YOUR ests that he must take into consideration in violations prevent any defence of human SUPPORT dealing with the Soviet Union. And to make rights. They contradict the spirit of detente, such a statement speak out for Soviet peo­ the spirit of mutual trust between countries. ple in difficulties, he must feel the pressure Such violations really mean that the iron HON. EDWARD R. ROYBAL of his own public opinion. A nation's fate curtain is being again pulled down on our is the sum of the fates of its individuals. country. OF CALIFORNIA And concern for individuals has always been STEPHENS. In the West there is some IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES characteristic of Western civilisation and, controversy about the value of detente and Tuesday, July 15, 1975 initially, of Christian civilisation. whether it helps the Soviet dissidents or not. Stephens. Is it better to have a public fuss But if there is an easing of tension and more Mr. ROYBAL. Mr. Speaker, this week in the Press than to have questions raised contacts between the Soviet Union and West­ Congress will take up the conference re­ even privately, by political lea.ders? ern countries, won't this improve the situa­ port on H.R. 5901, the education appro­ Sakharov. Take the question of the free­ tion here in the long run priation bill for fiscal 1976. To clear up dom to leave one's country. So long as there SAKHAROV. In any part of life, nothing confusion caused by advance funding was no campaign about this in the Press, happens by itself. If international contacts and appropriations for transitional none of our leaders showed any sign of con­ develop, without special liberal conditions the cern. But now, little by little, it is becoming being insisted upon, the result could be as period July 1, 1975-September 30, 1976, a subject of discussion; and I believe some­ follows: Soviet officials will have more the National Education Association has thing is being done about it at the diplomatic chances to visit the West. They'll have fun prepared the following analysis: July 15, 1975 EXTE SIONS OF REMARKS 22901,

TWELV:E!-MONTH COMPARISONS word lnforms us that an independent bership in recent years. Sharing an interest Department of Transportation Highway in railroads because of her husband's service [In billions of dollars] as an engineer, she also was a member of the Fiscal 1975: Needs Study indicates that the Highway G.I.A. of the brotherhood of Locomotive En­ New budget (obligational) author­ Trust Fund, even if continued, is inade­ gineers, the Ladies AuxiUa.ry to the Brother­ ity------$6. 920 quate to meet significantly scaled-down hood of Railroad Trainmen, and the Union Net appropriations enacted to date Federal-aid highway needs between now Pacific Oldtimers Club. for the 12-month period July 1, and 1990, or that urban America's high­ A descendant of a pioneer Nevada family 1974-June 30, 1975______7. 075 way needs are not typified by New York she was born on April 2, 1900 at the ranch Fiscal 1976: City or Washington, D.C. home of her grandparents Mr. and Mrs. Jo­ Administration request for the 12- seph Conaway, near cauente. She spent her month pe1iod July 1, 1975-June Neither do we learn from the article early years in Caliente until moving to Las 30, 1976 (including advance fund­ that 46,000 Americans are killed annually Vegas in 1944. ing for 1976 alrea-dy enacted) and 1.8 million injured on unsafe roads Mrs. Dula was former Democratic National ( $941 million below fiscal year or that 10,000 lives could be saved by committeewoman of Nevada and had been a 1976 net)------6. 185 modernizing our 1920 vintage roads. leader in the Democratic party both in Lin­ House bill for the 12-month period Knowing Newsweek's high standards coln and Clark Counties for more than 50 July 1, 1975-June 30, 1976 (in­ for accuracy and completeness, I can only years. She was a founder of the Democratic cluding advance funding for 1976 conclude that those of us responsible for Discussion Club in Las Vegas and the Wom­ already enacted) ($84 million en's Democratic Club of Clark County. above fiscal year 1975 net)------7. 159 transportation legislation have not done Mrs. Dula., the widow of the late Robert Senate bill figures for period July our job well enough in providing relevant Flaik Dula, is survived by one son Edwin 1, 1975-June 80, 1976 (including transportation statistics and analyses. E. Dula and one daughter Mrs. Glade Smith, advance funding for 1976 already Surely, if the information is made both of Las Vegas; seven grandchildren; and enacted) ($420 million above fis- available, Newsweek, and all of the na­ four great-grandchildren. Another son, po­ cal year 1975 net)------7.495 tional media, even though urban ori­ lice officer Robert P. Dula. Jr., was killed on Conference report figures for 12- ented, would present both sides of the duty in 1955, and Dula Recreation Center is month period July 1, 1975-June named in his memory. 80, 1976 (including advance fund­ issue in a fair and unbiased fashion. ing for 1976 already enacted) Gladys was never too tired or too busy ( $225 million above fiscal year to work on any project for the Demo­ 1975 net)------7.295 A TRIBUTE TO MRS. GLADYS DULA cratic Party. She was a great woman NoTE.-H.R. 5901 grand total of $7.480 bil· and will be sorely missed. lion includes $2.563 billion in advance fund­ ing for fiscal 1977. In addition, it provides HON. JIM SANTINI $464 million for the interim 8-month pel'iod OF NEVADA July 1, 1976-September 30, 1976. HAIL TO FADER'S RED RAIDERS On the basis of 12-month comparisons IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (Fi.seal 1975 v. Fiscal 1976) it is obvious that Tuesday, July 15, 1975 HON. BOB TRAXLER Congress has not proposed inordinate, infla­ Mr. SANTINI. Mr. Speaker, an out­ tionary increases in federal support for vital OF MICHIGAN education programs. To the contrary, the standing Nevada citizen, Mrs. Gladys funding level of H.R. 5901 adds only a few Dula of Las Vegas, recently died. Gladys' IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dollars to the 1975 figures and does not com­ record of leadership, dedication, and Tuesday, July 15, 1975 pensate for double-digit inflation that seri• service to the community and the Demo­ ously undermined school budgets in 1975-76. Mr. TRAXLER. Mr. Speaker, I would cratic Party in Nevada is a great source like to inform you of a outstanding and of pride for all Nevadans. She dedicated admirable feat performed during the sec­ herself to helping others, and was al­ ond week of June by the Marlette, Mich. ways ready to be of assistance when ''NEWSWEEK AND THE HIGHWAY High School Marching Band. there was a job to be done. Known affectionately as Fader's Red TRUST FUND" The Las Vegas Review-Journal pro­ Raiders, this fantastic band won three vides some backgrow1d on the outstand­ major national championships within ing career and contributions of Mrs. only 6 days. The championships won were HON. BUD SHUSTER Gladys Dula. OF PENNSYLVANIA in the class B catego1-y of band compe­ The article follows: tition. These included the Mid-America IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mrs. Gladys Keate Dula, 76, widely known Championships held at Polo, m., in which Tuesday, July 15, 1975 Southern Nevada. political leader and club woman, died Saturday evening after a long the Raiders were recognized for their Mr. SHUSTER. Mr. Speaker, I wa-s illness with cancer. parade and field abilities. Within a few saddened and dismayed by an emo­ Funeral service for Mrs. Dula will be con­ days they won the Mid-Western cham­ tionally slanted a.nd factually incomplete ducted at 2 p.m. Tuesday at Bunker Brothers pionships in Rockfalls, m., also in parade article entitled, "Taking on the Road Chapel with Glade L. Smith, Pastor of the 9th and field competition. Their sweep was Gang" which appeared in the July 21 Street Church, officiating. highlighted in Dakota, Ill., when they won issue of Newsweek. I do not question She had been in ill health for the past the Over-all Championship at the th1·ee years but had continued her social and Stoheta the Third competition. Newsweek's motives because it is easy to political activities until recently. understand how those who live in great Although in failing health last fall she was I would like to stress to you and my metropolitan centers might see America's named by Gov. Mike O'Callaghan as his hon­ colleagues the strength and fortitude it transportation problem as "too many orary chairwoman for his 1974 reelection took for these yonngsters to win three highways-not enough mass transit." campaign in Southern Nevada. major events within 6 days. It's really Unfortunately, this "skyscraper view" l\Irs. Dula has received many honors. In not surprising though, judging from the encompasses neither rural realities nor 1955 she was chosen for recognition for support they have continually received "Who's Who in America" and in 1958 her from the entire community sw-rounding urban complexities. biography was published in "Women Only". The Newsweek article paints a pic­ She was honored with a testimonial dinner Marlette. In the months leading up to ture of "more than Qne lobbyist spilling in 1960 by the Lincoln County Democratic these invitational events, bake sales, his martini" and a "Washington road party, in tribute for her 40 years of com­ rummage sales, and car washes were gang of auto, oil, construction, and re­ munity and political service. held to raise the necessary funds. I was lated interests" propping up an unneeded She was a past chairwoman of the Clark particularly honored to be present at the and unwanted trust fund. Newsweek pre­ County Chapter of the National Foundation April 26 band day at which over $5000 sents the issue as a battle between the for Infantile Paralysis. Her affiliation in­ was raised. good guys who want to dismantle the cluded the Ame1·ican Red Cross, Community Special congratulations should be giveu Chest, United Fund, American Cancer So­ to the band's directors, James and Nancy fund, and evil lobbyists who support the ciety, Easter Seal Drive for Crippled Children fund in opposition to the national inter­ and a founding member of the Southern Fader, the band's namesakes and Mrs. est. Nowhere do we read that 60 million Nevada Chapter of the Association of the Tommie Dennis, the band booster's presi­ people in rural America desperately need Blind. She was a past president of the Mes­ dent. Without their dedication none of safer, more efficient highways. Not one quite Club in which she held honorary mem- the Tictories would have been possible. 22902 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 15, 1975 Two students were especially singled of the courts and schools a.nd there have AN ACCURATE CONGRESSIONAL out for their individual efforts and should been clashes over its use. RECORD be congratulated. Mark Brock, the stu­ Moscow seeks to undermine national vi­ tality by urging potential troublemakers to dent band leader, won the award of Best concentrate on economic development and Student at Rockfalls, and Darlene Duns­ cooperation with other nationalities. HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER ford won an award as the Colorguard Soviet Lithuania., fashioned from traditions OF WISCONSIN Commander. of Catholicism, ha.s been one of the most IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Again, I want to offer my heartiest vocal of the discontented republics. The first congratulations to these fine group of indication of Lithuanian unrest appeared Tuesday, July 15, 1975 youngsters and their parents, supporters on Nov. 23, 1970, when Simas Kudirka, a Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. and friends. Since 1973 Fader's Red sea.man, jumped ship off the coast of Speaker, for the benefit of our colleagues Raiders have won 8 major championships Massachusetts. In a move that angered then President considering House Resolutions 568, 569, and I certainly would like to wish them Nixon, Coast Guard officers, fearing an inter­ 570, and 581, mandating a more verbatim the best of luck in the future. national incident, allowed Soviet se~urity account of floor proceedings in the CON­ men to board their vessel and drag Kudirka. GRESSIONAL RECORD, I am introducing in­ back to face punishment. to the RECORD editorials from the Wall Kudirka.'s trial drew unusually great cov­ Street Journal, the Los Angeles Times, erage from Western correspondents based COMMEMORATION OF CAPTIVE in Moscow, Radio Liberty and "sa.mizdat," and the Cincinnati Inquirer. Each of the NATIONS WEEK Soviet underground writers. editorials urges a change in the practice As the world watched, Kudirka testified: of inserting remarks that appear to have ·•r did not betray my homeland, Lithuania been part of the floor debate but are not HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI . . . I do not consider Russia, which is called distinguishable from those remarks ac­ the Soviet Union today, to be my mother­ tually spoken. The editorials follow: OF ILLINOIS land." [From the Wall Street Journal, Mar. 31, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The Kudirka affair was symptomatic of a 1975] broader discontent in Lithuania, focusing on Tuesday, July 15, 1975 the Roman Catholic Church a.s a. stubborn CANDOR HAS ITS LIMITS Mr. DER.WINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I wish rival to Marxism-Leninism. No one ha.s a monopoly on candor, but the Since the Red Army "liberated" Lithuania. way that word ha.s been bruited about in to remind the Members of the special Washington in recent months, anyone might order which the distinguished gentleman from Nazi Germany in 1940, Moscow a.nd the local party group headed by Antanas Snech­ think that Congress ha.s a disproportionate from Pennsylvania (Mr. FLOOD) will con­ kus, second only to Mao Tse-tung as the share. That's why we are disappointed when­ duct in commemoration of Captive Na­ longest reigning Communist Party chief, ever we learn that the impulse for truth­ tions Week after the close of legislative have ma.de prolonged efforts to draw Lith­ telllng ha.s definite limitations where con­ business tomorrow, Wednesday, July 16. uanians a.way from the church. gressional concerns are directly at issue. As this week is annually celebrated as But, the May riots in 1972 in Kaunas, The latest eye-opener comes in the form Captive Nations Week, I submit for the Vilnius, the capital, a.nd other cities, dem­ of a report by Congressional Quarterly de­ onstrated that the Soviet religious crack­ scribing the efforts of a few Congressmen to RECORD im article by Emmett George, overhaul practices involving The COngres­ which appeared in the July 11, Chicago down had not been totally effective. Roman Kala.nta, 20, doused himself with siona.l Record. That official account of the Tribune. The following is a timely, and gasoline and burned himself to death in a. daily congressional proceedings and debates penetrating commentary on the present public square in Kaunas. Ka.la.nta., a. Catholic, is an invaluable source material, well worth developments within one of the captive was believed to have acted in protest against its cost to the government of $278 per page. nations, Lithuania; and certainly repre­ what Lithuanian-American sources termed But it would be a whole lot better, in our religious persecution within the republic. opinion, if there were some wa.y for the read­ sents an accw·ate, profound, and realis­ er to separate fact from fiction. tic report on conditions in the Soviet An estimated 200 demonstrators were ar­ The problem is that while the Record Union: rested a.s local police a.nd Soviet para.troopers were dispatched to quell the disturbance. records everything that ls said in Congress " CAPTIVE" NATIONS-LITHUANIA S ntAINS AT Moscow's official statement held that Ka­ on a. given day, it also records what members ITS BONDS la.nta was ment~lly disturbed and the riots want people to believe they would have said (By Emmett George) had they been present. Therefore Congress­ were sponsored by "a. small group of hooli­ men routinely insert stirring speeches and The masters at backing the Winning gans." Kalanta's suicide triggered other pro­ declarations into the Record, even though side in international confllcts, on the eve of tests including a petition signed by 300 they may not have been anywhere near the Captive Nations Week Soviet politicians are Lithuanians and reportedly present.ed to House or Senate when the issue was being having trouble with their nationality repub­ President Nixon during the Moscow summit discussed. lics. of Ma.y, 1972. The argument is not that undelivered Communist victories in Cambodia a.nd Viet The Lithuanian-American newsletter, speeches should be prohibited from the Rec­ Nam ha.ve undoubtedly touched off quiet ELTA, reported that some 200 students were ord; p.lmost everyone agrees that members celebrations in the Kremlin, but, the "na­ arrested in Vilnus a.s an aftermath of the should have some way to express their views tionality question," a.s it is called by Soviet Kaunas nots. in a debate without havlng to speak. The officials. has been a. constant source of It is also claimed that anti-Soviet dem­ problem is that there is no distinction, typo­ embarrassment. onstrators disrupted international handball graphical or otherwise, between speeches ac­ Friction between European or White Rus­ games, a.nd that flags of "independent" Lith­ tually delivered and those inserted for the sians migrating into the heavily industrtal- ua.nla (before Soviet occupation} were dis­ record. Thus the Record is only a semi.. 1zed Ukra.ine; clashes between Russians and played thruout the city. honest document. Indeed, even though the Central Asian or Turkish groups over use The Soviet press ma.de no official mention members are now required to sign their of local la.ngua.ges a.nd customs; and intense of the disturbances. But, the response was insertions personally within 15 minutes after Baltic [Latvian, Estonian, and Lithua.nla.n] quite visible: Communist Party a.nd Komso­ the close of the day's business, Congressional nationalism have ca.st doubt on Moscow's na­ mol [young Communists] members reinten­ Quarterly reports that vetera.n House staff tionality policy a.s a model for multinational sifled their campaign thru a st.eady barrage aides say they have seen Congressmen bring states. of articles stressing party discipline and the two speeches into the chamber, remain si­ Since V. I. Lenin, architect of the modern needs for economic development in Lith­ lent until the vote is nearly completed, record Soviet state and its nationality policy, wrote uania.. themselves for the winning side, then insert the thesis, "On the National Question and The articles pointed repeatedly to the re­ a speech explaining their vote for publication Proletarian Intema.tiona.llsm,'' Moscow ha.s public's backward, a.gra.rian state and claimed within the debate. boasted that the Soviet Union is an amal­ there wa.s an urgent need t.o expose those This mini-deception doesn't threaten to gam of independent republics coexisting in Lithuanians "shielding llberialism and the undermine the :foundations of representative harmony With the ruling European Russian apologists for lmperia.i.lsm." government. Still, 1t ls basically dishonest population. Since the 1972 riots, the authorities have not to distinguish between what actually Lenin's blueprint, which appeared after the been att.empting thru a reempha.sis on id.eo­ was said 1n Congress and what Congressmen l3olshevik Revolution of 1917, extended to logica.1 and technical tra.ining to submerge would have said 1:f they had been there or nationalities "the fruits of socialism": a students and workers deeply into the busi­ had taken the time to Join the debate. Yet planned economy, elixninatlon of class a.nd ness of modernization, the most attractive every attempt to change The Congressional ethnic ba.rrlers, a.nd unrestricted use of na­ Soviet alt.erna.tive to the Roman Ca.thollc Record, t.o dlfferentlat.e between what was tional languages. Church. and what might have been, has met with It has been only partly achieved however. Whet her such a. strategy will work remains defeat. Bussl&n coutinues to be the official language to be seen. It's not all that surprising that candor Jru,ly 15, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22903 has only limited appeal in Washington. But untrustworthy, wisdom that precedes it. One Thus far, however, neither Representative it might be nice if the public could be is likely to find here an encomium to a legis­ Steiger nor anyone else in Congress has been spared all that self-congratulatory praise lator's hometown football team that finally able to popularize the idea of Record reform. waning down from Capitol Hill a.bout truth, had a winning season. Or the name of a Ultima.tely, we should like to believe, a honesty and the public's absolute right to Future Farmer whose porker won a blue rib­ Congress that has concerned itself with know. bon at the county fair. Or a lyric that an truth in lending, truth in packaging, truth obscure poet laureate submits to his senator in advertising and truth in land sales wlll as a substitute for the unsingable National also have occasion to consider the case for [Fl'Om the Los Angeles Times, Mar. 17, 1975] Anthem. And, only recently, there was a truth in the Congressional Record. THE CONGRESSIONAL RECORD graceful tribute to the Girl Scouts of An1er­ The Congressional Record is a dishonest ica for holding the price line on their cookies. history of what occurs on the floor of the All of this, certainly, is truer to the Amer­ Senate and the House of Representatives. ican spirit than the non-speeches in non­ Many of the speeches that appear in it were debates that dominate the front part of the KREMLIN ARTICLE MAY BE A never spoken. Much of the debate that thun­ non-Record. LESSON FOR PORTUGAL REDS ders from its pages never took place. This proclivity for rewriting, falsifying or It has even been known to publish rhetoric embellishing histo1·y-even while it's still from the hereafter. Two days after Rep. Hale wa1·m-is too common in Washington, and HON. MARJORIE S. HOLT Boggs (D-La.) died in an air crash in Alaska, the White House itself has not always been OF MARYLAND the Record had him speaking eloquently on without sin. the floor of the House. Lyndon B. Johnson, looking to the judg­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It permits members to insert federal argu­ ment of history, was not above refining his Tuesday, July 15, 1975 ments for or against legislation after a vote syntax or actually altering the intent of his has been taken-arguments that can impress public statements ex post facto before send­ Mrs. HOLT. Mr. Speaker, the deterio­ no one but constituents who a1·e misled into ing them to the printer for inclusion in the rating situation in Portugal is a matter believing that their representative actually permanent record of presidential documents. of grave concern for all countries of the took pa.rt in the debate. The effect of all this will be to persuade free world. The future of this tiny coun­ That this publication should continue to historians of the future that all elective fed­ try is quite uncertain. A recent article in pass as the official reco1·d of the proceedings eral officials of this era were vigorous and the Washington Star outlined some of of Congress is a. villainous deceit. erudite in debate, courageous in dissent or the tactics which may be used by the Its daily distortions of history occur be­ advocacy, and never absent from their duties. cause the Record does not distinguish be­ If only it were true. Communists in their attempt to com­ tween what is actually said on the floor and plete their domination of Portugal. I the written statements that members send [From the Cincinnati Enquirer, would like to share this article with my up to the desk for inclusion in the debate. Apr. 29, 1976] colleagues. The authors of many such statements are [From the Washington Star, June 30, 1975] often a.way from Washington on the day of LOOKING AT THE RECORD the debate and have no influence on its out­ In all probability, there a.re probably only KREMLIN ARTICLE MAY BE A LESSON FOR come, but their utterances appear in the a handful of Americans--most of them keen, PORTUGAL REDS same context as those of legislators who are serious students of the legislative process­ (By Henry S. Bradsher) present. who actually read the Congressional Record "The role of the mass media in the social The Republican Research Committee in from cover to cover. The Record, after all, and political struggles of today has grown the House wants to set the Record straight. is a verbatim account of all that transpires to an extent unseen in paat revolutions." It It recommends that it use brackets or an­ on the floor of Congress ( or at least it ptu·­ is therefore necessary for Communists to other typeface to separate fiction . from ports to be) . deny others use "of the mass information reality. The uninitiated among the Record's read­ and propaganda media." But the reformers face the same argument ers perhaps imagine that all those speeches Communists trying to take over a country they did five years ago when a. similar were actually made. In reality, however, mem­ must also capture control of the army and proposal was thrown in the hellbox-tha.t it bers of Congress generally have the privilege be prepared "to use the boldest means of all 435 members of the House were to speak of inserting speeches they didn't actually struggle should the situation require it." only one minute on an issue, the debate make, and the Record treats them as though These are the lessons of Chile as set forth would take longer than seven hours. they had actually been delivered. by a senior official of the Soviet Communist · It's an inane argument. No one is sug­ Perhaps the most bizarre instance occurred party. The failure of the Marxist regime of gesting that all members must speak on every several years ago when the Congressional President Salvador Allende Gossens to con­ issue or that those who do not should be Record for October 18, 1972, reported Rep. solidate its hold on Chile taught the lessons. denied the right to voice their opinions in Hale Boggs (D-La.) addressing these words to The coup d'etat which ousted Allende on the Record. The reform would merely require the House: "In the next few minutes, I Sept. 11, 1973, caused a rethinking in world that there be a distinction between the would like to note for members the great Communist circles on how to get and hold transcript of the debate itself and the later amount of significant legislation enacted power. Simply Winning a foothold in govern­ :wl'ltten supplements to it. during this session." There followed a ment is not enough, Communists learned The Record should be an honest report lengthy summary of the session's achieve­ after the Chilean army's coup, and tough that misleads no one. As it stands now, ments. steps are needed to turn the foothold into a dangerous misinte1·pretations of congres­ In reality, Representative Boggs was dead perm.anent grip. sional intent by other agencies of govern­ on October 18-victim of a plane crash in The lessons were publicly drawn la.st year ment and by the courts can and do occur. Alaska.. The speech was one he had written by Boris N. Ponomarev. Since 1961 he has In 1971, Rep. Edith Green (D-Ore.) pre­ in advance of his trip and left behind to be been the secretary of the Soviet Communist sumably spoke out on the floor against a printed as part of the close of the congres­ party in charge of relations With Commu­ piece of labor legislation because she thought sional session. Any reader of the Record, nist parties seeking to attain power in for­ it would require repeal of the Equal Pay for however, would assume that the speech had eign countries. Equal Work Act. There was no response from actually been made. The days of Josef V. Stalin's old Commu­ the author-Rep. John N. Erlenborn (R.­ Rep. William A. Steiger (R-Wis.) has been nist International, which gave orders to for­ ·111.)-a.nd officials of the Labor Department struggling, almost alone, to persuade Con­ eign parties, a.re long gone, and the various took his silence to indicate that Green was gress to change its rules governing what may parties have a looser relationship now. But right, and threw their weight against Erlen­ be printed in the record. He believes, for one ·Ponomarev still exercises considerable Influ­ born's blll. thing, that the Record ought to be an hon­ ence over foreign Communists, many of The fact was that although Erlenborn did est, historically accurate record of what act­ whom depend on Kremlin subsidies. · not respond to G1·een, she was wrong-but ually is said and done on the floor, not what · Ponomarev's lessons were published a year her remarks were never made in his presence some senator or representative wants the rec~ ago in the kind of turgid publications that or in the course of the debate. She had stuck ord to show. He believes. for another thing, only convinced Communists and professional them in the Record after the fact, but no one that executive agencies-and even courts­ Kremlinologists read. They have now at· could tell that from reading the Record. may be seriously misled if they look to the tracted public notice and become controver­ It is clearly time for reform. But we are debate preceding a particular congressional sial because of the situation in Portgual. reluctant, perhaps sentimentally, to tamper enactment for a clue to Congress' intent. Working With a faction of the Inilitary with another section of the Record, known as One suggestion has been to print unde­ movement that seized power in Portgua.l in "'Extensions of Remarks." The title is a fraud, livered speeches in a different type face so April 25, 1974, the small, toughly disciplined of course. All of the extensions are of remarks that future readers of the Record will be Portuguese Communist party has seized con­ that were never made in the first place. able to distinguish between what was act­ trol of the media, taken over the labor move.. But it ts a fascinating compendium of ually said and what was not actually said ment, and maneuvered to deny any power to Americana-and a. relief from the wordy, if on the floor. democratic opponents, who outpolled the 22904 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 15, 19, 5 Communists 64 percent to 13 percent in elec­ nist control should "sabotage directives and unions are at work, precisely because such tions last April 25. destroy administrative effectiveness." picketing usually shuts down everything. The The Communists have used strong-arm "Any attempt at resistance by officials prohibition was written into the Taft-Hart­ tactics to prevent publication of the news­ should be crushed, if necessary by accusing ley Law in 1947, enacted because the public paper Republlca, voice of the Socialists, who the people concerned of 'putschist' inten­ and Congress were shocked in the first post­ won 38 percent of the vote. But last Monday tions," the points said. war years at the number of strikes and material from Republica. was published in These sound very much as if they were man-hours lost as the result of the freedom Paris. drawn up as generalizations of what the individual unions had to pull everyone into It included au allegedly secret five-point Portuguese Communist party has ah·eady their grievances. directive from Ponomarev dated October 1974 done, or tried to do, in a year of maneuvering We normally don't waste space in com ­ on how Communist parties in the West to expand its power. menting on this annual hard-hat effort to re­ should seize power. Although denounced by But whether the party, led by old Stalin­ turn to those days of power and glory. Even Moscow as a forgery, the directive is similar ists who lived in exile in Eastern Europe for when Congress has been swollen with people enough to--but not identical with-an many yea.rs, is really following a Ponoma­ elected with labor support, the legislators article published by Ponoma1·ev to give it rev directive or simply acting along the have found an excuse to kilJ common sit us some credence. general lines which the Soviet official out­ and fumigate their offices. The last big Experts on Communist a1Iairs in Washing­ lined remains unclear. chance for the hard hats was in 1966, during ton say the directive might be the original, the wild and woolly 89th Congress when unexpurgated version of Ponomarev's Chil­ there were liberals in the strangest places. ean lessons. Or it might be a version adapted But the late Adam Clayton Powell, who then by someone else to make the Communists SECONDARY BOYCOTTS AND THE chaired the Labor committee, saved the coun­ seem even tougher, nastier and more fascist ic CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY-ill try from common situs by attaching a pro­ than anything they say publicly. vision that said secondary boycott.s couldn·t In a.ny event, the points in the directive are be used to discriminate against blacks, and consistent with known and often-discussed HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK the hard hats quickly put common situs Communist tactics for following the example back in the closet. of Lenin in taking over Russia in 1917 with OF OHIO Now, Congress is once again bulging with a small, hard core of Bolsheviks. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Democrats that labor figures owes something Disciples of Lenin have held what a Brit ish Tuesday, July 15, 1975 to labor, and the craft.shave not only dusted journal, The Economist, calls "the pseudo­ off common situs as an "equal treatment" sclentlflc belief that Communists, who under­ Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, on measure, but also inserted a Powell-type an­ stand the processes of history, do not need to July 10, the House Committee on Edu­ tidiscrimlnation clause. About 100 House bow t.o voters' will because they know best members have so far signed on, including wha.t the voters really want." cation and Labor reported out H.R. 5900. This bill would legalize common situs three Republicans, and a bill ls ready for Ponomarev's article appeared in June 1974 markup. Senate hearings will be held this tn the world Marxist Review, the English­ picketing in the construction industry. week. And Secretary of Labor John Dunlop, la.ngua.ge version of Problems of Peace and Similar legislation has been banging an old friend of the hard hats, has given Bociallsm, a Russian journal for t he Inter­ around the Halls of Congress for years. qualified approval to common situs. The national Communist movement. The local­ It is now being called a measure to pro­ qualifications include a. cooling-off period language versions of the journal for France vide "equal treatment of craft and in­ and a. 30-day limit on common-site picket­ and Italy, two countries in which Communist dustrial workers." ing. And the House Labor Committee last parties a.re appealing to voters with claims week voted, 31 to 7, for the bill, acceptin g of being democratic parliamentary move­ Whatever its title, H.R. 5900 is a bad bill. We should not exempt the building some of the Dunlop qualifl.cati.ons. ments omitted the article. All of which has succeeded in making us Chile showed "the tremendous importance trades from the legal prohibitions on a bit nervous. The chances are still fairly of being prepared promptly to change forms secondary boycotts. small that the legislation could pass and be of stzuggle, peaceful and nonpeaceful," My position against H.R. 5900 is re­ signed into law by President Ford. But com­ Ponoma.rev wrote. His article apparently had ceiving strong editiorial support. On July mon situs would produce so much economic appeared elsewhere before being used in the 9, page 21958, I included editorials from disruption that any chance of its return is international Journals, and might have been the Chica6o Tribune, the Dallas Morn­ worrisome. The Democratic majority might more detailed in it.s original version. hold its nose and put it through, figuring "After decisive political successes, it is the ing News, and the Indianapolis Star. For the further information of my colleagues, Mr. Ford would veto it, in which case he economy that becomes the ma.in field of would earn the enmity of the hard hats. battle for victory of the revolution," he following are editorials in opposition to For the same reason, Mr. Ford might just said. He talked of "choosing the forms and H.R. 5900 from the July 14 Wall Street sign it, figuring recent Supreme Court de­ setting the pace of economic change" with­ Journal, the June 9 San Francisco, Calif., cisions would keep the hard hats from using out explanation in the World Marxist Review Examiner, and the May 22 Naugatuck, common situs. The unions woUld chiefly version. Conn., Daily News: like to use the secondary boycott t.o force Because of the role of the media, "the [From the Wall Street Jom·nal, July 14, 1975] general contractors to use only union sub­ Chilean experience shows that to achieve contractors. But the Supreme Court holds vlct.ory it is essential t.o deprive the class WHO NEEDS COMMON SITUS? that If this ls done outside the context of enemy of the mass information and propa­ Year after year the construction unions a collective-bargaining agreement, the union ganda. media," Ponomarev declared. Also, "it drag it out of the closet, frayed a.t the edges, 1s subject t.o the antitrust laws. Such would is o! crucial important (sic) to deprive the mildewed and moth-eaten, and trail it up be the case If a union picketed an open­ old regime of important levers of power such and down the corridors of Capitol Hill. Even shop subcontractor In restraint of trade on as the army and to form a new state appara­ the legislators whose highest priority ls a the part of the contract.or. tus." 100 % scorecard with labor finger the thing Although this scenario seems far-fetched, ''The Chilean events have served t.o re­ with embarrassment, professing admiration, stranger things have happened in Washing­ emphasize the importance of safeguarding and support with the same enthusiasm they ton, D.C. Better to take no chances. Poli­ and defending socialism and revolutionary reserve for the Free Lithuania Lobby. The ticians should be advised that the only way gains by all necessary means," Ponomarev other AFL-CIO chieftains dutifully sign to deal with common situs ls to spray it, concluded. statement.s of support, but usually call in swat it, stamp on it. The Republica material added more spe­ sick when time comes to testify. cific detail in the alleged five-point directive. It's the "common situs" bill, otherwise [From t he San Francisco (Calif.) Examiner, It said private business must be destroyed known as the bill to amend Section 8(b) (4) June 9, 1975] as "the first step toward eliminating an in­ (B) of the National Labor Relations Act, Two BoYCOTT BU.LS dependent press." Enemies should be de­ otherwise known as the bill to legalize the prived "of all mass media and all propaganda secondary boycott, this year dressed up and Two bills legalizing the secondary boycott organs as soon as ~lble in order t.o win dry-cleaned as the measure to provide "equal in the construction industry have received a the battle. that of slogans based on the treatment of craft and industrial workers." friendly reception in the House and Senate, Leninist principle of repetition." The equal-treatment business goes some­ a mistaken view we hope the Congress will "It is absolutely ind.lspensable to try to thing like this: It the United Auto Workers reverse on serious second thought. form a tactical alliance with the army," the has a legitimate beef with General Motors, it The measures (S. 1479 and H.R. 5900) ruu alleged directive said. "This necessitates the ea.n throw up a picket line and close down counter to long-standing sections of the Na­ conversion or subversion of important and the plant. Why shouldn't the roofers union, tional Labor Relations Act which forbid the highly placed elements in the anny.••. " if it had a beef with the contractor repair· secondary boycott. As present law operates, It also called for establishing a single labor ing the roof of a GM plant, be allowed t.o one union out of several on a construction movement t.o control workers and use them throw up a picket line and shut everything site is prohibited from shutting down the for Communist purposes, and "power cen­ down? entire project because of a d.lspute Involving ters parallel with but outside central power The law now prohibits on-site picketing that single union or a single subcontractor. should be organized." Groups under Commu- by one union where several employers and The ot her subcontractors on the job and July 15, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22905 their workers thus are protected from forced the interest of the working man with a. fam­ returned, no successful effort has been made participation in a dispute they had no part ily to support. to get an account of those missing in action. War protests were big in the late 60's and of. We note with interest that Rep. Ronald In actual practice, when such disagree­ Sara.sin of Beacon Falls is a member of the early 70's, but people are beginning to for­ ments arise, one gate is set up at the site House Education and Labor Committee get about the POW's and MIA's. where the striking craft can picket and which will shortly be considering HR 5900. It has been estimated. that 56,000 Ameri­ another gate through which the non- We trust not only that he will fight against can soldiers died and more than 150,000 triklng crafts can pass to continue work­ this legislative monstrosity, but that he will were seriously wounded in Vietnam. Ceme­ teries are full of white blank stones. ing. seek to convince his colleagues, of whatever A commonly used example of what could political stripe, that this bill must not be More than 1,000 men are missing. There is little hope that these men are alive, but happen if these so-called common sittis bills allowed to become the law of the land. were passed is that a. localized beef involv­ whether they a.re or not, they should be ac­ ing just one union could wholly shut down counted for. work on the nation's crucial Alaskan pipe­ One man off the list makes the goal one closer, and the promise of return more real. line. THE VIETNAM TRAGEDY Except for public employes, unions have April 29th marked the 7,382nd day of American involvement in the Vietnam war, and need the right to strike. It is their ulti­ and hopefully the last, Sa.igon surrendered. mate weapon, frequently the only way to HON. JIM SANTINI More than 11 million refugees are without win a just settlement. OF NEVADA homes, and many are being shipped to other But the secondary boycott is an unfair islands or mainlands, or they are living in tactic that forces another's troubles on in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nocent parties. We long have opposed it and Tuesday, July 15, 1975 tent cities with little hope of returning to do so in the case of S 1479 and HR 5900, their homeland. Now that the war is over, will we rush aid which Congress should reject. Mr. SANTINI. Mr. Speaker, I would like to enter into the RECORD today an and supplies to other countries, such as oil article published in the Reno Evening countries which we depend on for energy? [From the Naugatuck Daily News, May 22, As the song says, "When will they ever 1975] Gazette by Miss Cari Lockett. Miss learn?"' A GRAB FOR POWER Lockett is a 13-year-old student from Incredible as it may seem, looking at the Reno, Nev., who is very much concerned economic conditions around us, when the with the Vietnam tragedy. I believe this THE PRESIDENT'S COURAGEOUS construction industry is in dire straits, the to be a very noteworthy and valuable STAND ON INFLATION great building trades unions are again seek­ article: ing legislation (and they're trying harder RENO TEEN-AGER WRITES OF THE VIETNAM this year!) which could bring the construc­ TRAGEDY HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON tion industry to a. virtual standstill. With construction workers by the thou­ (By Cari Lockett) OF ILLINOIS sands out of jobs, all around the nation, the The toll of the Vietnam war has been IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATH'ES union leaders are backing legislation already heavy. The loss cannot be measured in casu­ Tuesday, July 15, 1975 introduced in the Congress which would alties alone. It must also be measured in los.s legalize secondary boycotts. of faith and hope. Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr. The measure is HR 5900, concerning com­ Thousands of young men with families, Speaker, President Ford has proven his mon situs picketing and introduced into the some barely out o! high school, have been economic wisdom and politlcal courage Education and Labor Committee by Rep. needlessly killed on foreign soil. But the by his sustained campaign for restraint Thompson (D-N.J.). fighting la.eked causes. The Vietnam war in Federal spending. Continuous salvos s. 1479, an identical measure, has been was not intended for Americans. introduced into the Senate by Sen. Willia.ms Our men have been killed or never found. have been fired by the forces of deficit (D-N.J.) and Jacob Javits (R-N.Y.) and is There are families who grieve, wondering spending, including their biggest gun, now in the hands of the Senate Labor and where their sons, husbands, brothe1·s and George Meany, but the President has re­ Public Welfare Committee. Hearings on both fathers are, and if they will ever return fused to abandon his position and al­ measures are expected to begin within the home. low an increase in the size of the budget next 30 days. Perhaps the load would have been easier deficit. He knows that a large increase Should the measure pass (Heaven for­ to bear if this war had been fought for a in spending for Government programs, fend!) it would abolish the existing rule cause of which we were all part. that a construction union, while free to The Vietnamese needed help and the no matter how laudable their goals, will strike and picket the firm in dispute, must United States, as usual, wanted to play the result in another dizzying and destruc­ not willfully picket or pressure any other leading role. As a result, the price paid for tive spiral of inflation. Far from solving firm on the site which is neutral in the par­ the best seats in the house was unforgivably the unemployment problem by creating ticular dispute. high. huge deficits, such a course can only lead In effect, the change would allow any one Some of those who were fortunate to an even deeper recession with a still of 19 building trades unions having a dis­ enough to return have suffered mentally. more disastrous rate of joblessness. pute with one of several firms on the site The pa.in of the body can sometimes be re­ The Chicago Daily News in an edito­ to picket indiscriminately and thereby shut lieved, but not the heart. down the total project. Young veterans realized the situa,tiou was rial on Monday, July 7, entitled "First, The result could hardly be anything less futile, and I'm sure they often wondered if Defeat Inflation/' has clearly identified than sheer chaos throughout the entire con­ they were being remembered. this dilemma and given the President the truction industry. Coming home was their wartime dream. praise due him for him farsighted policy. This is nothing more than an utterly ,u1.­ And when they did, they found they were Because of the trenchant nature of this justified union grab for additional power, forgotten, just faces in the crowd. Fighting commentary, I am pleased to insert it and it would place an insupportable burden for nothing and returning to nothing. into the RECORD as follows: on the entire construction industry, even The men who fought deserve much, and if economic conditions were not as bad as they cannot be repaid for a service most FIRST, DEFEAT INFLATION they are. choose to ignore. President Ford rates high marks for cour­ And there is a fundamental right involved It seems war is inevitable for Americans. age in carrying his campaign !or economic here as well-the right of the contractor to Wars are our lives. They boost our economy. restraint into hostile camps. operate his business as he sees fit within So we forget about those who died, or were The burden of his message to the National the letter of the law. Passage of this com­ injured, and the fa.mllies who suffer. Assn. for the Advancement of Colored People mon situs measure, which would remove the Yet the controversy over Vietnam con­ was that while unemployment is serious and ban on secondary boycotts presently con­ tinues, and our men are still fighting in deserves constant attention, it must yield tained in the Taft-Hartley Act, would make Southeast Asia, contrary to what many be­ precedence to the fight against inflation. it entirely possible !or the unions to dictate lieve. Ford's doctrine collides head on with the to the general contractor which sub-con­ Most money goes into a foreign country one being preached by the AFL-CIO's George tractors he may 01· may not do business with. when it could be put to a much better use Meany. Meany says the President is "putting If the bill passes, it ls almost certain that in our own country, where there are people dollars a.head of people." He says the imme­ massive work stoppages can be expected to in need. diate problem is not the size of the federal follow-stoppages which surely will increase we have our own problems, and while budget deficit, but Jobs. He demands to know the already-astronomical costs of construc­ they are apparent, they have been set aside what ls so awful about borrowing money: tion work. for years. "Borrowing money is part of the American Such legislation cannot, by any stretch Since the signing of treaties and the guar­ way of life"-so it's tfm.e to quit worrying of the imagination, be considered as serving antee that our prisoners of war would be about a possible federal deficit of $100 bil- CXXI-- 1443-Part 18 229:06 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 15, 1975 lion. He wants federal programs to start put­ committee proposal to rollback domestic ting the nation's 8 million unemployed to Aviation Administration is considering work. crude, and to return t.o the earlier posi­ permitting four daily :flights int.o Ken­ Both political and humanitarian consid­ tion of the Dingell subcommittee favor­ nedy Airport in New York, and two into erations require that Ford and Congress make ing a gradual phased deregulation. Dulles in the Washington metropolitan a start on finding jobs. Then on the other hand, the gentle­ area. But Ford knows that so massive an in­ man from California (Mr. REES) noted The people of New York do not want crease in spending as Meany wants would al­ that President Ford is now moving away these :flights. Those concerned about the most certainly reverse the downward course from his earlier stance of an immediate environment around the world certainly of inflation and send it spiraling back up deregulation to a position negotiably toward new records. And that would be the object to having these planes flying in inevitable beginning of a. new boom-and-bust similar to the Krueger proposal. space. Yet, the FAA, an agency with cycle, one result of which is always the clos­ This encourages me to hope that the some very questionable decisions already ing of still more production facilities and the House of Representatives wm seize this to its credit, continues to persist in try­ loss of more jobs. opportunity to forge a compromise in ing to salvage from the British and The program of relat ive austerity that Ford the interests of the American consumer. French governments, some profit from advocates-and has been putting into prac­ It is not enough to base national policy tice as far as possible-accepts a fairly grad­ this disaster known as the Concorde. ual pace of recovery and a rate of unemploy­ on the desire to penalize the oil industry. And, as we all know, this salvaging effort ment that may average 8 per cent (against That will only assure the consumer of can only be accomplish at the expense of the current 9.2) through next year. a lower price component for that part of the United States, by allowing the SST This indeed provides a bleak prospect for his or her fuel that comes from declin­ to land at American airports where it the millions of individual Americans who are ing domestic sources. Some benefit. can tap the market of America's very out of work. So the proposal of my colleague, Mr. rich, the only people willing to pay for But Ford is also right in point ing out that KRUEGER, deserves support as a marked "too many of those whom the (special aid) the experience of crossing the Atlantic programs sought to help-the poor, the elder­ improvement over H.R. 7014. Without it, in recordbreaking time. ly and the disadvantaged-are now bearing instead of compromise the mo t we will This decision by Congress to reject the the inflationary burden of the federal govern­ produce is confrontation. efforts to forbid supersonic landings in ment's spending spree." The burden is borne our country represents a true step back­ in the form of painful reductions in the ward; a step clearly contrary to the for­ dollar's buying power. mer decision to cancel Federal subsidies The President must also be concerned lest SST'S AND BIG TRUCKS profligate spending send this country down for the development of an American the road Britain is now following, to the SST, and a step away from the mandate sorrow of everyone including labor. of the majority of the people. Therefore, The British are seeing the buying power of HON. LEO C. ZEFERETTI no more classic example of ha1mful leg­ their once-hard-as-a-rock currency dwindle OF NEW YORK islation can be imagined. at the rate of 25 per cent a year-the result lN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES However, this example of legislation of too many years when the nation simply can be equalled. And it was when the lived beyond its means. Pulling Britain back Tuesday, July 15, 1975 from the brink of disaster will take ingenuity House refused to roll back the maximum and sacrifice beyond anything that nation JM:r.ZEFERETTI.Mr. Speaker,ourso­ weight allowance for trucks using our has yet known. Argentina is still farther ciety is becoming increasingly more Interstate Highway System. This maxi­ down the same road. And, of course, the mobile and complicated, more so than mum weight allowance was raised by the ultimate example is post-World War I Ger­ ever before. This fact only serves to shed 93d Congress· from 73,280 to 80,000 many, where it finally took a wheelbarrow light on the importance of our Nation's pounds. Some of us attempted to reverse full of 1,000-mark bills to buy a loaf of bread, transportation systems, those which link that decision, but were obviously unable and the accumulated savings of the entire together the vast and separate areas of t.o overcome the massive lobbying cam­ nation went down the drain. The United States has reversed its down­ our Nation, bind them into one united paigns and mounting opposition. ward momentum, and with prudence and nation. Therefore, it will continue to be the considerable frugality over the next 18 It is, therefore, the duty of Congress rule for enormous trucks, monsters of months will make its way back toward solid to insw·e the safety of the transportation the road, to continue tearing along, in­ prosperity and a minimum rate of jobless­ networks of ow· country and t.o assure timidating motorists, causing immense ness. It is a hard task involving sacrifices the Nation that with regard to improve­ wear and tear on our Nation's highways spread unevenly through the population. The ment and maintenance of these systems, and undercutting federally subsidized political pressures for relief through expand­ ing the deficit will mount as the 1976 presi­ they are acting not on the behalf of big roads. In essense, the action of the House dential campaign approaches. President Ford interests involved but on behalf of those in refusing to rollback truck weights deserves the understanding and support of who are inevitably the most affected by 1·epresents a victory for special interests, the public in the enterprise he has launched, congressional decisions: The American while ignoring the best interests of the because the welfare of all depends on his public. American people. success. However, I find it most regrettable that These two decisions, taken t.ogether, the interests of the American public signify that transport as it is mean to were clearly not the motivating factors help society, is being led in the wrong DEREGULATION OF AMERICAN in the two most recent decisions of the direction; it means that roads will be for CRUDE OIL House with regard to America's trans­ large freig·ht carriers rather than for portation systems. For example, I refer people. It means that the will of the av­ to the recent action by the House on the erage citizen to live without noise pollu­ HON. JAMES G. MARTIN transportation bill, and Congress 1·e­ tion from the air will be slow, if ever, to OF NORTH CAROLINA jection of efforts to forbid supersonic be realized. It means that the interests IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES transport planes from landing at Ameri­ of the very few powerful elements of our can airports. society take precedent over the overall Tuesday, Ju,ly 15, 1975 Those of us who represent the New transportation needs and desires of the Mr. MARTIN. Mr. Speaker, in general York City metropolitan area have, for 1·est of us. debate today I was much impressed. by years, sought to prevent the British­ Therefore, the question with regard to the outside prospect of being able to French SST, the Concorde, from making our Nation's transportation network re­ reach a cooperative bipartisan front on commercial :flights to the United States. mains to be answered; will it be for the gradual deregulation of American crude Not only are the noise levels of the air­ use of the people of our country, or will oil. The opportunity should be openly craft earsplitting but the effects of the massive trucks and other carriers of examined. to blend together what once Concorde on the Earth's ozone layer in­ freight deter Americans from using their appeared to be an impasse. clude the extreme possibility of perma­ own roads, those their own taxes helped Today we heard on the one hand the nent damage to the environment and a to build? It is for us to decide. I most presentation by the gentleman from significant increase in the incidence of sincerely hope that we wlll eventually Texas (Mr. KRUEGER) to abandon the skin cancer. Nonetheless, the Federal decide in favor of the American people. July 15, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22907 LYING IN STATE the post-election period. And in any event, joyed Congressman CONTE's speech com· the C.I.A. did give $500,000 to opposition billing as it did the rich fabric of history party personnel during the 1970 election. woven over the years in the Common­ In the confirmation hearings, Senator HON. DONALD M. FRASER Clifford Case of New Jersey mentioned the wealth, with an awareness of the leading OF MINNESOTA known use of Army intelligence to report role that the Bay State and its residents will play in the Bicentennial year. I THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on the anti-war movement. This exchange followed: We, from Massachusetts, take special Tuesday, July 15, 1975 Case: "Do you know anything a.bout any pride in representing our State in the Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, I have in­ act ivity on the pa.rt of the C.I.A. in that U.S. Congress. I ask my colleagues to pay connection? Was it asked to be involved.'' special heed to the words spoken yester­ troduced the "Truth In Government Helms: "I don't recall whether we were Act," which would make it a criminal of­ asked, but we were not involved because day by our respected colleague, the Hon­ fense for a government official to lie to it seemed to me that was a. clear violation orable SILVIO 0. CONTE, and you will the people. My colleague Representative of what our charter was." begin to know why. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI has joined me in The Rockefeller Commission has just re­ REMARKS OF HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE seeking cosponsors for the legislation. ported that the C.I.A. under Mr. Helms set As chairman of Massachusetts Day here in The prevalence of lying by Govern­ up a. Special Operations Group to "collect our nation's capital, I want to, first of all, information on dissident Americans." It ran express my personal appreciation to the Dis­ ment officials and the people's waning Operation Cha-0s, infiltrating the anti-war is trict of Columbia. for including the Bay confidence in our Government dramat­ movement and collecting on a computerized State in its celebration of the Bicentennial. ically illustrated by Anthony Lewis in index " the names of more than 300,000 per­ The focus of the Bicentennial is, naturally, Monday's New York Times. sons and organizations." Even by recent turning to our capital city and I am pleased The article follows: standards of official untruth, Mr. Helms's that the Commonwealth of Massachusetts "not involved" must set a. record. and her people can participate in thiS LYING IN STATE: I In the confirmation hearings Mr. Helms (By Anthony Lewis) observance. w as also asked about any C.I.A. connection In doing a little research on the Common­ In 1972 Cambridge Survey Research, public with E. Howard Hunt and G. Gordon Liddy, the convicted Watergate burglars. He said wealth of Massachusetts in conjunction with opinion analysts, asked people whether they the Bicentennial, I relearned the fact that agreed with this statement: "Over the last there had been no connection since Hunt retired from the agency in 1970. Later it our state got its name from Indian words few years this country's leaders have con­ meaning "near the great hill" referring to the sistently lied to the American people." Of was learned that the C.I.A. had supplied Hunt and Liddy with equipment for their site of the capital of the Algonklan Indian those asked, 38 per cent agreed. A similar confederacy. We share that distinction with poll was ta.ken in 1974, and 55 per cent burglary of Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist in 1971. Mr. Helms explained that he thought Washington, which, too, has located the agreed with the statement . This spring, 68 capital of this confederacy of 50 states on a per cent agreed. the equestion had related only to the Water­ gate break-in. great hJll. Those figures llluminate the obvious: To The Bay State has always been amply rep­ a dangerous degree, Americans have lost No one has called Mr. Helms effectively to account for his testimony. The Senate resented here in Washington. One of the confidence In the word of their govern­ most beautiful avenues in town bears the ment. Such distrust may be endemic In Foreign Relations Committee, the immediate victim of his deception, recalled him but name of Massachusetts and is Uned with the other countries, but it is a relatively new gracious buildings occupied by the official phenomenon in the United States, and a asked unfocused and deferential questions. The Rockefeller Commission, comprehensive delegations from many foreign nations. corrupting one. Moreover, it persists even Massachusetts has given Washington, and after the replacement of a President who as its report was, said nothing a.bout the lies that had allowed all those illegalities it the world, three Presidents of the United made lying a. way of life by one thought of States, John Adams, John Quincy Adams and as found to flourish. candid. As for President Ford, at whose pleasure John Kennedy. Four Bay Staters have held It ls not hard to find reasons for the public ambassadors serve, he has not been heard to the second highest office in the land. And feeling. One ls that high officials who are murmur a critical word about Mr. Helms. we have contributed seven Speakers of the caught out in crude deceptions so seldom The Government's failure to bring a particu­ House of Representatives, most recently our pay any penalty. On the contrary, they re­ lar perjury case may always be explained by beloved form.er speaker, John McCormack. main in office and continue to be treated by technical or evidentiary problems. But any­ •To continue and recount the accomplish­ much of official Washington as if t hey one who wonders why Americans ha.ve grown ments and contributions of Bay Sta.ters to deserved respect. cynical about those who govern them might the history of our nation, its rich heritage of An outstanding example of survival by think about this question: Why does Richard arts a.nd letters a.s well a.s public life would, deceivers ls that of Richard HeJ.ms. the Helms still hold the rank of Ambassador? I am afraid, take more than one Massa­ former director of Central Intelligence, now chusetts Day. To call upon the words of United States Ambassador to Iran. Reading Daniel Webster (and I quote) "I shall enter back over some of the things Mr. Heims has on no encomium upon Massachusetts; she said over the years arouses a feeling of awe HON. SILVIO 0. CONTE ADDRESSES needs none. There she Is. Behold her. and for such mastery of the misleading. MASSACHUSETTS DAY LUNCHEON judge for yourselves. There ts her history; On Feb. 7, 1973, Mr. Helms appeared before the world knows it by heart. The past, at a closed session of the Senate Foreign Rela­ lea.st, is secure. There is Boston and Concord tions Committee for a hearing on his nomi­ HON. JAMES A. BURKE and Lexington and Bunker Hill; and there nation as Ambassador. The transcript, sub­ OF MASSACHUSETTS they will remain forever." (I would be lax sequently published, Includes the following IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES if I didn't also add-There are the Berk­ exchanges with Sena.tor Stuart Symington shire Hills, there is the Pioneer Valley and of Missouri: Tuesday, July 15, 1975 there Is the Taconlc Range-for they-too, Symington: "Did you try ir. the Central Mr. BURKE of Massachusetts. Mr. will llve forever.••. ) Intelligence Agency to overthrow the gov­ Speaker, yesterday, July 14, 1975, was Now. if I could interject a plug for our own ernment of Chile?" "Massachusetts Day'' in our Nation's Bicentennial activities-Massachusetts. as Helms: "No sir." the cradle of democracy and where the seeds Symington: "Did you have any m oney Capital. Sponsored by the D.C. Bicenten­ of this great country were sown 200 years p assed to the opponents of Allende?" nial Office in conjunction with the Na­ a.go is celebrating this Bicentennial in its own Heims: "No sir." tional Park Service and the Massacusetts fashion. More than 240 individual commu­ Since that testimony, it has become known Society, the day included a variety of nities have been designated as Bicentennial that the Nixon Admln1stration authorized programs, concerts, and receptions hon­ Communities statewide by the American the C.I.A. to spend more than $5 million on oring the great Commonwealth of Massa­ Revolution Bicentennial Administration. covert activities in Chile between Allende's chusetts. Each one of these communities has indicated election as president in 1970 and his fall in My good friend, the eloquent gentle­ its desire to participate and demonstrated it 1973. The cash went to anti-Allende civic man from Massachusetts' First District through an application process. And, just as groups, newspapers, radio stations and oth­ Congressman SILVIO O. CONTE, spoke~ millions of visitors will come here to Wash­ ers, with the aim of making it Impossible for ington to see their federal government in Allende to govern. guests at noon luncheon in the Rayburn Building hosted by the Massachusetts operation today, that same blend o! curiosity. Mr. Helms has explained that he took Sena­ history and wanting w pa.rtlcipate will draw t or Symington's second question to refer to Society. The guests included members of mllllons of others to Massachusetts to see Allende's two actual "opponents" in the 1970 the Massachusetts congressional delega­ where it all began two centuries ago. election-and the C.I.A. gave them no money. tion and their wives, as well as Katherine Before closing, I want to congratulate John That ls a. strained argument.. to put it mildly D~akis, the wife of Massachusetts• Gov. Corrigan and the Massa.chusett.s State Society since the first question was so clearly about Michael S. Dukakis. We particularly en- on the :fine day they have planned. I am sure 22908 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS the rainy weather will not put a damper ou like Muhammad Ali and Pele, or with actors sert pertinent information from the news the enthusiasm of the participants. like Robert Redford and Candice Bergen. report in the Los Angeles Times of July Today, Massachusetts becomes the fifth Only days before he spent time being photo­ state to be so hono1·ed with a special day in graphed with two Soviet aviators who had 11, 1975, on energy efficiency of appli­ Washington in commemoration of the order flown from Siberia. to the United States 40 ances which is an important section of 1n which she entered the union. But for us, years ago. H.R. 7014, the Energy Conservation and Bay Staters here in the District of Colum­ The snub of Solzhenitsyn was deliberate. Oil Policy Act of 1975, under considera­ bia-from the sand dunes of Cape Cod, to the It was calculated to appease the tyrants cur­ tion on the floor of the House at this tip of Mt. Greylock, from Plymouth Rock, the rently ruling the Soviet Union, as Ron Nessen time: Charles River, the mills of Lowell to the himself admitted. "Obviously," he told re­ HOMES HAVE Timm SHARE OF GAS GUZZLERS farms of Franklin County-she's number one porters Monday, "there were foreign policy Sn our hearts. considerations." (By Pa.ul Houston) In so doing, Mr. Ford brought into ques­ WASHINGTON.-Avoca.do-tinted and frost­ "MAsSACHUSETTS DAY" tion the entire concept of detente. Until free, the two refrigerators seem very much (In the Nation's Capital, Monday, July 14, now, detente was said to mean an effort to alike. Both have a.djustaible shelves; both 1975) avoid military confrontation in order to have capacities of a.bout 17 cubic feet. The reduce the risk of another world war. But price tag on the sears model is $430, on the A program sponsored by the D.C. Bicenten­ we were never advised that it also meant a Westinghouse $440. nial Office with the cooperation of the Na­ diminution in our nation's understanding of But there is a big hidden diff'erenoe­ tional Park Service and The Massachusetts the brute horrors of Communism. known so far to only a few consumers-that Society. Publications ranging from the ultra-liberal 1s giving chills to people worried about the 11 a.m.-U.S. Capitol Ceremony-West New York Times to the conservative Human country's growing energy problems. Front Terrace-Featurtng D.C. Mayor Walter Events have sharply condemned Mr. Ford for At current electrical rates here, running Washington's proclamation of "Massachu­ his incredible attitude toward Solzhenitsyn. the Sears refrigerator will cost $356 more setts Day" and remarks by members of the The New York Times, for example, noted than operating the Westinghouse in the 14 Massachusetts Congressional Delegation that the Kremlin has never hesitated to years they are expected to last: $1,177 for (ralnsite: Rotunda. of the Russell Senate Of­ invite the most outspoken anti-American the sea.rs appliance and $821 for the West­ fice Building). propagandists to meet with the Politburo. ingtonhouse unit. (The saving for the West­ 12 noon-Congressional Luncheon-B3'39 Solzhenitsyn himself phrased the current inghouse buyer in Los Angeles, where elec­ Rayburn House Office Building. E.-tate of international affah·s this way: trical rates are lower, would be $306.) Hosted by The Massachusetts Society. "Khrushchev said, 'We will bury you.' They, Thait difference in energy consumption, re­ A brief program will feature remarks by the current Soviet leaders, are more clever. cently documented in appliance industry our Bicentennial Committee Chairman, Con­ They don't say 'We will bury you' anymore: test..s, goes to show that not all gas guzzlers gressman Silvio Conte. now they say 'detente.' " are zooming down the highway. 1:45 p.m.-Massachusetts Avenue Pro­ The question ls who advised. the Presidenlt, Many are lurking around the house-heat­ gram-Ft. DuPont Na.t'l. Park. Featuring now an announced candidate for re-election, ing and cooling rooms, washing dishes, dry­ performances by residents and students of to act in such uncharacteristic fashion. After ing clothes, roasting turkey, freezing ice D.C.'s Massachusetts Avenue and the Com­ all, Mr. Ford has never shown evidence of cubes, heating baith water and showing monwealth of Massachusetts, followed by re­ being naive about Soviet tyranny. Arthur Ashe beating Jimmy Connors. freshments at Ft. DuPont's Visitors' Center. The word is that it was Secretary of State The energy they waste is significant, both 6 :30-S :30 p.m.-Massachusetts Concert-­ Kissinger who convinced the President to for individual consumers and for the nation John F. Kennedy Center. A program spon­ snub Solzhenitsyn. The Russian writer had as a whole. sored by the National Music Council and Na­ made it clear he considered the Nobel Peace For the inflation-pressed consumer, who tional Federation of Music Clubs, the free Prize a.warded Kissinger a big Joke in view already may be moving toward a. more effi­ concert features musicians from Massachu­ of what happened to South Vietnam. This cient automobile and think about improving setts performing the works of Massachusetts apparently infuriated the secretary. Nessen his home insul&tion, the ldentiflca,tion of composers. admitted that Kissinger spoke to Ford about new sources of energy waste opens the way the suggested visit, but declined to comment for significant dollar savings. on wha.t Kissinger told Mr. Ford. For the nation, the savings from replace­ FORD SNUBS SOLZHENITSYN But it apparently 1s alright for the Pres­ ment of millions of wasteful home appli­ ident to invite numerous leftwlng actors ances could reduce the growing dependence a.nd writers to be guests at state dinners. on costly foreign oil. Nearly one-fifth of U.S. HON. LARRY McDONALD conservative spokesmen, who have supported energy consumption is in the home, and OF GEORGIA the President on such issues as Mayaguez, oil-fired boilers generate a large portion of the country's electricity. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES are rarely seen drinking bubbly at the White House these days. The energy savings would also alleviate Tuesday, July 15, 1975 According to a New York Times dispatch, pressw·e on dwindling domestic petroleum s1;1pplies and help buy time for orderly, en­ ~fi'. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. certain White House "aides" had "raised questions about Mr. Solzhenitsyn's mental vironmentally sound development of alter­ Speaker, Victor Lasky, the well known stability. They also reportedly suggested that native sources. columnist and author also recently join­ Mr. Solzhenitsyn was in the United States Potential savings are everywhere: ed the growing group criticizing the to promote the sale of his books and that Energy experts say some air conditioners failure of the President to meet with Sol­ the President would not be party to such burn 60% more electricity than others be­ zhenitsyn. In my view, he made his commercial promotions." cause of inefficient compressors, fan motors, points very well in a column 1·eleased to These are typical of the charges which cooling coils and heat exchangers. the North American Newspaper Alliance have traditionally been levelled against anti­ Most television sets waste substantial en­ communists. And it is shocking to learn ergy because of an instant-picture feature on July 9, 1975. The column follows: that the President may have been influenced that requires keeping the set warm even SAY IT STRAIGHT-FORD SNUBBED SOLZHENIT• by such vicious anti-anti-Communism. while it is turned off. SYN-AND THAT WAS A BIG MisTAKE The best thing Mr. Ford could do is get Gas-operated stoves and clothes dryers (By Victor Lasky, North American Newspaper rid of such advisers. They a.re nasty people could save 10% on energy if the pilot lights Alliance) who don't deserve to have access to the were replaced by electric lighters. WASHINGTON.-President Ford made a seri­ President's ear. Refrigerators built with thin walls to cre­ ous mistake in refusing to meet with Otherwise, Mr. Ford may quickly learn ate more space are so poorly insulated that Alexandr Solzhenitsyn when the famed that a goodly number of his supporters Will heated wires are imbedded in the door to Russian author paid a. recent visit to the have decided to sit on their hands in the prevent the outside cabinet from sweating­ nation's capital. next election. a 15% to 20% drain on the unit's power. It was a plain and simple snub. And it was The sooner Mr. Ford reverts to character the better. The problem 1s that until now no one clearly out of character for a chief executive thought much about energy efficiency when who, whatever else can be said of him, has it came to home appliances. If the potential always been known for being decent and ENERGY EFFICIENCY: GOAL OF H.R. straightforward. savings are to be realized, comparative data Mr. Ford was anything but in turning 7014 ·must be assembled and made available to the down suggestions that he invite the Nobel public 1n easy-to-read form, energy effi­ laureate for a short visit to the White House. ciency experts believe. He announced through his press secretary HON. JOHN D. DINGELL Prospective buyers must be able to grasp that his busy schedule permitted him no OF MICHIGAN the operating-cost feature of a refrigerator time. What that busy schedule did permit, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as readily as they are tempted by :flashy door however, was an afte1·noon of golf at the Tuesday, July 15, 1975 handles or prolific ice cube makers, they say. Burning Tree Country Club. Several starts in that direction have been Moreover, Mr. Ford has rarely been hesi­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, pursuant made by the U.S. Department of Commerce tant about meeting with visiting athletes to permission previously granted, I in- and a few state and local governments, ex- July 15, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22909 perts say, but thus far they h ave done little labels. (The practical problems involve dif­ Montgomery Ward, UFO 175500, 17.0 $450, more than stir confusion. f erences in local climate and gas and elec­ 153, $990. Recently the Chicago-based Assn. of Home t ricity rates.) G.E., TRF 18DR, 17.6, $440, 145-165*, $938- Appliance Manufacturers published a booklet The Dingell bill also insists on an average 1,067. listing the results of energy consumption 25 % improvement in efficiency of all classes Frigidaire, FPC 170'1'2, 17.0, $440, 144, $931. tests conducted on nearly every frost-free re­ of appliances by 1980. Gibson, RT 17F5, 17.0, $440, 136, $880. frigerator and freezer model, although it has Salesmen think that operating-cost labels Westinghouse, RT 174R, 17.2, $440, 127, not been widely distributed. would have great impact. $821. "It would create a tremendous change in *Equipped with "anti-sweat heaters'' to Now Congress, mixing its ideas with Presi­ prevent moisture from forming on outside of dent Ford's, appears ready to move more the industry," said the manager of a Sun Radio and Appliances outlet. "It would elim­ cabinet under humid conditions. Lower fig­ effectively. ure represents energy use when heater is The Senate and the House are expected to inate a lot of the hesitation people have. act this month on bills that would require Having these facts in hand, customers would turned off. know they were not just getting a sales The table below shows that some manu­ operating-cost or "energy efficiency" labels facturers' larger models are more efficient for every major appliance and automobile. pitch. It would create a lot better under­ standing." than smaller ones-and that some manufac­ Sponsors believe the labels would lead con­ turers' models of the same size have different sumers to choose energy savers over energy A General Electric dealer commented: "It sure would keep manfacturers on their toes. opera.ting costs. wasters and that they would force a revolu­ Brand, Model, Cu. Ft., Retail Price, KWH tionary designing shift from style to effi­ People would buy the most efficient model, and everything else would go stale." Month, Lifetime Energy Cost. ciency. G.E., TBF 18DR, 17.6, $440, 145-165*, $938- "This legislation could save the American "Heavens, yes, it would make a difference," a Sears salesman said. "We would sell more 1,067. consumer millions of dollars a year, while G.E., TBF 21DR, 20.8, $480, 132-152*, $854- conserving millions of barrels of oil that expensive stuff. With electrical rates going up, people will look for long-term savings." 983. otherwise would be wasted," said Sen. John Sears, 65721, 17.1, $430, 182, $1,177. V. Tunney (D-Calif.), primary sponsor of the Thus far, most research on the efficiency of appliances has been done on refrigerators. Sears, 65741 ** , 17.1, $460, 167-182*, $1,080- proposed Energy Labeling and Disclosure Act. 1,177. The appliance industry backs Tunney's bill Scientists at Massachusetts Institute of as well as similar legislation by Rep. John D. Technology said in a study last year that Dingell (D-Mich.). This is not because the the energy consumption of America's 60 mil­ industry is particularly happy about the lion refrigerators could be cut in half with HONORARY MEMBERSHIP TO prospect of a new breed of shopper who com­ better insulation and more efficient motors, ALEXANDR SOLZHENITSYN pares energy prices as well as retail prices. while keeping the frost-free feature. The industry simply wants something that The scientists estimate that the more effi­ will sweep away a proliferation of conflicting cient refrigerators could cost consumers 20 % federal and local energy-labeling programs. more to buy but that reduced electricity bills HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI New York City and Massachusetts already might pay back the extra cost in as little as OF ILLINOIS have labeling requirements, and New Jersev t wo years. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Florida and Minnesota are considering simi~ They said the energy appetite of U.S. re­ lar statutes. frigerators bas increased considerably over Tuesday, July 15, 1975 Meanwhile, the Department of Commerce the years. Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, today, has been recruiting manufacturers for vol­ Between 1925 and 1950 the power demand was six watts per cubic foot. It increased to as Members of the Senate and House wel­ untary participation in an appliance-labeling come Alexandr Solzhenitsyn to the Cap­ program. Generally it has been rated ineffec­ about 10 watts between 1950 and 1965. By tive. 1972, energy consumption had jumped to 14 itol, I am pleased to insert into the REC­ For two years under the Department of wat ts per cubic foot, because of a design ORD a copy of a letter from the Congress Commerce program, room air conditioners calllng for a larger freezer with a separate of Russian Americans, Inc., expressing have carried an "energy efficiency ratio" door, frost-free equipment and insulation their support of the resolution to grant label. EER labels for refrigerators and freez­ thinner than before. "It would seem to be an exercise in futility the status of honorary citizenship to Mr. ers will appear soon. Solzhenitsyn. Unfortunately for consumers, the EER to try to promote a return to the horse-and­ concept is so technical that many find it buggy days of the refrigerator business," said The letter follows : baffling: It shows how well an appliance's George C. Newton Jr. of MIT's electronics CONGRESS OF RUSSIAN AMERICANS, INC., output of British thermal units relates to its systems laboratory. Washington, D.C., May 22, 1975. consumption of watts. The higher the EER "Rather, it seems more appropriate to con­ We are writing you in the name of 700,000 (usually a number between five and 10), the sider how we can 'have our cake and eat it Americans of Russian descent, whose interest more efficient the appliance. too' by retaining the no-frost feature, but our Congress represents. We do it in con­ It is true, as the Department of Commerce make it more efficient so that it costs less to nection with the forthcoming decision to says, that the EER of one model or brand operate and becomes less of a factor in this grant Alexandr Solzhenitsyn the status of may be compared with the rating of a com­ nation's growing energy problem." honorary citizen of our country. The follow­ petitor. The trouble is that bare numbers are ing suggestion is based on the experience of difficult to understand. Sears is the only World War II. known store that shows consumers a chart How MUCH THEY USE This experience shows clearly that the which converts an EER into actual operating WASHINGTON.-For the first time, con­ peoples of the Soviet Union erroneously and costs. Shoppers anywhere else usually can­ sumers concerned about rising electricity naively hoped that the Germans will come not tell if it is smarter in the long run to bills can find out the widely varying operat­ to the Soviet Union as liberators from the buy, for example, the higher-priced unit ing costs of most refrigerators and freezers. hated communist regime. During the first with the higher EER rating. The information appears in the 15-page months of the war the population met the At Sears one can see that a 5,500-B.T.U. Directory of Certified Refrigerators and Germans as friends, and officers and soldiers air-conditioner sells for $50 more than a Freezers. A copy may be obtained for 50 cents surrendered to them in masses. The mood of 5,000-B.T.U. model, but its EER advantage from the Assn. of Home Appliance Manufac­ the population changed abruptly when it of 8.3 to 6 makes it $49 cheaper to run over turers, 20 N. Wacker Drive Chicago, Ill. 60606. realized that the Germans were conquerors an average 10-year lifespan. So it's probably Traditionally the twice-yearly directory and foes. Had Hitler understood this psy­ worth the extra dollar to buy the model has listed only the shelf space and volume chological phenomenon and exploited the op­ with more cooling power. of fresh food and freezer compartments. A portunity given to him, the result of the The Tunney bill, recently approved by the special edition was recently published giving Eastern campaign could have been quite dif­ Senate Commerce Committee, would put the results of unprecedented tests on energy ferent. operating costs in an "appliance energy consumption for models of 38 manufacturers. In the course of the last 35 years the guide" to be attached to refrigerators, freez­ Amana and Philco chose not to be listed, an antigovernmental feelings in Soviet Union ers, water heaters, stoves, clothes dryers, association spokesman said. have grown stronger and produced an ideo­ air conditioners, dishwashers, dehumidifiers Below is a table comparing the operating logical opposition inside the country. Sol­ and television sets. costs of seven popular frost-free refrigerators zhenitsyn is one of the leaders of this move­ The guides would not only give estimated with similar features. The costs were deter­ ment. On the other hand, the tragic experi­ annual operating costs, either by national mined by multiplying the kilowatt-hours by ence with the Germans is deeply engraved in average or regional breakdown; they would the Washington electrical rate of 3.85 cents the memory of the people of the Soviet Union. also give comparison shopping information. per kilowatt-hour. The retail prices are from Now the nations of Russia are very suspicious Rep. Dingell's legislation, part of an om­ stores in the Washington area. toward the intentions of foreigners, and such n ibus energy bill recently passed by the Brand, Model, Cu. Ft., Retail Price, ~WH a frame of mind is fully exploited by the House Commerce Committee, would require Month, Lifetime-Energy Cost. Soviet propaganda. The intention of the So- an EER-type label on all major appliances. Sears, 65721, 17.1, $430, 182, $1,177. Federal bureaucrats would determine the Whirlpool, EAT 17SK, 17.1, $440, 167-182*, *Equipped with anti-sweat heaters. practicalit y of adding operating costs to t he $1,080-1,777. • *Equipped with icemaker. 22910 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 15, 1915- viet Government is clear. It wants by all federal funds be forbidden to discriminate also has the obligation of providing a train­ means to prevent the renewal of the mood of against women. ing school for professional athletes and en­ defection, which at the beginning of the In sports, this would mean that female tertainment for its sports-minded old grads World War brought the Soviet Government students must be provided with equal op­ and the general public. to the brink of the precipice. portunity in equipment, facilities, publicity, If the American public wants to make While considering with all possible cau­ coaching and so forth now available to male heroes of athletes and reward them lavishly tion the future of our country and the pos­ athletes. in money and adulation, I think that is sible eventual military confrontation with This, say the coaches, will sound the death perfectly all right. My objection ls to getting . the Soviet Union, it is important to show by knell for intercollegiate athletics as they now this aspect of our culture all mixed up with symbolique gestures the nations of the So­ exist. I say to this prospect, "Amen!" college education, to which it has not logical viet Union the profound sympathy felt by From wholesome beginnings in a love of relation. the American nation toward the subjugated competitive sport, intercollegiate athletics It is the position of the coaches, as ex­ nations of the Soviet Union. By such con­ have grown over the past half-century to be pressed by Darrell Royal of Texas, that most secutive gestures the Soviet citizens will the most conspicuous example in American colleges support athletic programs solely by eventually become convinced that we are culture of a tail wagging a. dog. Not only is revenues generated by fan-drawing sports their real friends, striving for their libera­ the caudal appendage out of proportion to such as football and basketball and barely tion. One such gesture will be surely the the animal, it doesn't even belong to the have enough money now without diverting granting of honorary citizenship to Sol­ same species. A jock strap and a book have money for women's sports. zhenitsyn as a reward for his heroic strug­ no inherent kinship. If forced to do so, he said, men's sports gle against the Soviet regime of violence My case against intercollegiate athletics will eventually be kllled off because "we will and oppression. The news about such a deci­ as they now exist rests on a feminist basis weaken our programs to the point where peo­ sion of the American Congress will Immedi­ only to the extent that I feel that, if goodies ple won't buy tickets to see them." ately spread over the whole Soviet Union. It are to be passed out, girls should have a fair I think that, if the House subcommittee wlll be wrong to assume that such a meas­ share. doesn't bend to what will probably be great ure will result in worsening of relations My real objection goes much deeper. I know public pressure and chicken out, Royal may between the United States and the Soviet this is in a class with attacking motherhood, well be right. College athletics will be, par­ Union. In reality it will serve the cause of the flag or apple pie, but I am totally opposed don the expression, a whole new ball game. peace. The members of the Politburo remem­ to intercollegiate sports as they have Maybe it will be more of an old one, back ber very well the tremendous danger for the evolved. to the idea of sport for sport's sake, a healthy communist regime produced by the general I mean the big time, big box office, big mind in a healthy body and all that. If the mood of defection of the population. Should stadium concept. The ruthless recruiting, the whole present structure topples, maybe suf­ the rulers become convinced that such frame win-at-any-cost mentality, the huge coach­ ficient resources can be salvaged to provide of mind will prevail again and will be used ing staffs whose leaders receive more pay some simple athletic facilities and coachinl? correctly by the adversary, this assumption than the finest minds on the faculty. The for everyone who wants to take part, male wlll force the government of the Soviet Un­ bowls and national publicity, the recurring and female. There might even be particular ion to abstain from any aggression which scandals, the pressure on young athletes, the emphasis on those sports which can be a could lead to a military confrontation with making of a game into a deadly serious lifelong source of pleasure and health to the United States. business. those who engage in them. Therefore the granting of honorary citizen­ While it is obvious that all of this provides Rep. Mottl's enthusiasm for athletic schol­ ship to Alexandr Solzhenitsyn should not a great many people with pleasure, I have arships was colored by his personal experi­ be considered simply as a reward for his never found anyone who could explain to me ence. Perhaps I'd be less than candid not to struggle or an action designed only to inter­ what in the world it all has to do with ed­ admit my antipathy has a similar source. fere with the policy of detente favored by ucation. Many years ago, as a top school gradu­ the White House. Its importance is much To get down to basics, I have always be­ ate, I was given a tuition-free scholarship lieved that "athletic scholarship" is a con­ to a state university. Times were tough, and greater. It will be one of those actions which tradiction in terms. While an athlete can of will create for us, in case of a confrontation, for all my other expenses I had to struggle a most valuable ally out of the nations of course be a scholar, he cannot be a scholar and borrow and find jobs wherever I could. Soviet Union and especially the Russians of athletics. A scholar is a learned man or I was delighted to have the opportunity themselves. The House of Representatives woman, a man or woman of letters. An ath­ and I loved it, and I found friends on the lete is one trained to contend in feats of faculty who helped make it possible. I didn't voting in favor of granting citizenship will strength or agility. open a path towards peace. We hope that our envy the glory and status of the campus Being, for example, a splendid pass re­ athletes, but I resented their assured jobs in remarks in regard to this problem will be ceiver does not make one a scholar, any more taken into consideration. which the work was often nominal. I resented than being well versed in calculus makes their free dormitory rooms and, living on GEORGE MEYER, one an athlete. Board of Directors. peanut butter sandwiches my first year, I At the very least, I believe that instead of resented their three squares a day at the calling such arrangements "athletic sch~lar­ training table. ships," they should be termed "athletic It seemed to me then and it still seems grants" or, more honestly, benefits for hired to me now that if a university can afford IF EQUALITY KILLS COLLEGE ATH­ athletes. any free-riders, the tickets should go to LETICS, THEN SO BE IT College football coaches pleading their needy students of good academic promise. case in Washington, it is reported, won quick Teaching such students is the universlty"s support from Rep. Ronald Mottl, D-Ohio, most basic obligation. With college expenses HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER who went to Notre Dame on a "basebn.ll what they are today, the term "needy" covers OF COLORADO scholarship." (Quotation marks mine.) a broad spectrum. "I thank God for football and basketball IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Both private and state-supported colleges that supported us or else I never could have are in big financial trouble today for a wide Tuesday, July 15, 1975 gotten my education," Mottl said. While athletic scholarships have enabled variety of reasons. I think they cannot for­ JM'.rs.SCIIR,OEI>Elt.Mr.Speaker,there many young men to obtain an education ever afford to try to be so many things has been a great deal of controversy sur­ to so many people. Perhaps getting out of and continue to do so, my point is that the the big-time athletic business, traumatic rowiding the title IX regulations as they holders are a group inappropriately selected though it might be, would in the long run relate to equal athletic opportunity. I for this benefit. Groups of scholars and ath­ prove a healthy step. would like to insert the following article letes over-lap only fortuitously. I think it is undeniable that holders of collegiate ~th­ from the Denver Rocky Mowitain News letic scholarships include a sizable propor­ which puts the whole issue of college tion of those whose academic qualifications athletics in perspective: are less than outstanding. SPEECH BY ALEXANDR [From the Rocky MOl.mtain News, At the same time, many young men and SOLZHENITSYN July 6, 19'75] women of exceptional academic qualifica­ IF EQUALITY Kn.LS COLLEGE ATHLETICS, THEN tions find it difficult or impossible to finance So BE IT college educations. This I think is an intol­ HON. LARRY McDONALD erable situation, unless we are prepared hon­ OF GEORGIA {By Betty caidwell Lyon) estly to redefine the real purpose of a uni­ My heart bleeds about two drops for the versity. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES college athletic coa.ches who are trembling 1n We must acknowledge frankly that the Tuesday, July 15, 1975 their swea.t socks at the current threat to task of a university is not just to provide their affluent empires. instruction in the higher branches of learn­ Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. The Department of Health, Education a.nd ing, to serve as a center for the preservation Speaker, today Mr. Alexandr Solzhenit­ Welfare has proposed. to a House education and enlargement o! knowledge and a home syn in a speech before Members of the subcommittee that colleges which receive for research, as if that weren·t enough. n House of Representatives and the Sen- July 15, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22911 ate, told us of the tremendous suffering I have tried to explain to Americans that SOCIAL DEMOCRATS AND THE 1973, the tender dawn of detente, was pre­ WORLD CRISIS of the people in the totalitarian Commu­ cisely the time when the starvation rations nist world-suffering which cannot be in the prisons and concentration camps of realized in this country due either to ig­ the USSR were made even skimpier while in norance, arrogance, or design. He the very most recent months, when more HON. JAMES G. O'HARA stressed that whether the United States and more Western speechmakers were point­ OF MICHIGAN likes it or not, it is in the position of ing to the beneficial consequences of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "detente," the Soviet Union put the finish­ leadership of half the world, and must Tuesday, July 15, 1975 wake up to the dangers of communism ing touches on an even more novel and im­ portant improvement in its system of pun­ Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, the Na­ without Americans having to go through ishment: retaining their undying primacy experiences such as these. in the invention of forced labor camps, the tional Committee of Social Democrats, I commend to my colleagues his com­ Soviet jailors have now established a novel U.S.A. met last month in New York to ments, the full text of which follows: form of solitary confinement-forced labor review, among other things, the role of SPEECH BY ALEXANDR SOLSHENITSYN in the solitary cells-cold, hungry, without the United States in world affairs-at a fresh air, without sufficient light, and work­ time when, to say the least, world affairs Here, in the Senate Office Building, I must ing according to impossible ouput norms. are in a shaky state. I would like to share begin by saying that I have in no way for­ And failure to fulfill is punished by confine­ gotten the signal, and even exceptional honor with my colleagues the concerns which ment under even more bruta.l conditions. the Social Democrats, U.S.A. have about paid me by the United States Senate in tv.:ice Alas, such is human nature that we never endeavoring to declare me an honorary citi­ feel the sufferings of others until we our­ America's foreign policy, and I commend zen of the United States. selves have to share them. I am not certain this comprehensive statement to all of I interpret this to mean that you have in tha.t in my addresses 3ere I have succeeded the Members as we engage in a critical mind not just myself as a person, but the in conveying the breath of that terrible assessment of where we are headed, and millions of my fellow countrymen who have reality to American society which is com­ been deprived of rights, and even those in how we intend to get there. placent in its prosperity. But I have done The article follows: the other communist countries-those mil­ what I was bound to do, and what I could. lions who have never been able, and are still So much the worse if the justice of my SOCIAL DEMOCRATS AND THE WORLD CRISIS unable, to express their opinions in the pre!:s, warnings becomes evident only some years The momentous events of recent months- in parliaments, or at international confer­ hence. from the fall of Indochina. to the Coxnmu­ ences. Your country has just recently passed nists, to the collapse of Secretary Kissinger's In conveying to you my gratitude for the through the extended ordeal of Vietnam, Middle East mission, to the accelerated ero­ decisions of the United States Senate relat­ which so exhausted and divided your society. sion of Portugal's year-old democracy-have ing to myself, I am even more conscious of I can tell you with confidence that this or­ grave implications for the future of social my responsibility as representative of those deal was the least of the long chain of simi­ democracy and world peace. In America and others--a responsibility almost too bw·den­ lar trials which awaits your country in the Europe, these events have been widely greeted some for the shoulders of a single human near futw·e. with a. confusing mixture of relief, dismay, being. But since I have never lost sight of the Whether or not the United States so de­ and surprise: relief that the curtain has suffering, the striving, and the yearnings of sires, it stands at the peak of world history finally fallen on the Vietnam tragedy, dismay those other voiceless millions, and have had and takes the burden of leadershin if not of over what appears to be a precipitous Ameri­ no other aim in life than to give voice to the whole world, then of at least a good half can retreat in world affairs, and surprise that them, this has lent me strength for my pub­ of it. The United States has not had a thou­ such events could have occurred at all during lic appearances in this country and for my sand years to train for this. Maybe the 200 a period of detente. appearance before you here today. There 9:re years of your existence has been time to weld For us in Social Democrats, U.S.A., there as yet few back there, in the commun1st together a sense of national awareness. The is no relief in the Communist triumph in countries, who speak out, but millions un­ load of obligations and responsibilities has Indochina; only regret that an expanding derstand how loathsome and renulsive the fallen on you unbidden. totalitarianism has engulfed new victims, and system is. Whoever can do so "votes with That is why you members of the Senate apprehension over the fate that awaits the his feet," simply fleeing from this ma!:s vio­ and of the House of Representatives, each remaining and now more exposed non-Com­ lence and extermination. one of you ls not just an ordinary member munist populations of Asia. And while we Here today I see not only members of the of an ordinary Parliament-you have been have been dismayed by the American retreat, Senate, but also a group of Representatives. elected to a particular position in the con­ we have not been at all surprised at the Thus I am speaking for tlie first time to temporary world. I would like to convey to recent turn of events. On the contrary, we parti~ipants in your country's legislative you how we-the citizens of the communist have consistently stated that the American process whose influence in recent years has countries look upon your words, deeds, pro­ policy of unconditional detente with the So­ spread well beyond the limits of American posals, and enactments--as brought to us viet Union would lead to unprecedented history alone. over the radio sometimes with warm ap­ American setbacks, the weakening of demo­ In virtually every respect our Russian his­ proval and sometimes also with horror and cratic forces in the world, and the steady torical experience has been almost the op­ despair. But we never have a chance to re­ increase of Soviet influence. posite of yours. Our enormous sufferings spond out loud. Not having assumed that a policy of ap­ in the twentieth century have made this Perhaps some of you, in your minds, still peasement would work any better today than Russian experience a bitter example, one feel yourselves just representatives of your it did at Munich in 1938, we find the Soviet which is too overwhelming, one which-as state or party-but we from over there, far gains to have been predictable, if also avoid­ it were-comes to you from the future. away from here, the whole world itself, does able. The policy of offering concessions to a Hence it is the more needful that we convey not perceive these differences. We do not look menacing totalitarianism in the hope of to one another our mutual experiences­ upon you as Democrats or Republicans, not "buying peace" (which is part of the West­ pe,rsistently and with complete sincerity. as representatives of the East or West coast ern rationale for detente, though it is never One of the most terrible dangers of the or the Midwest, we see you as figures upon stated in precisely these terms) is as familiar present day is precisely that the destinies of each of whom depends whether the course as it is bankrupt. If the democracies appear the world are tangled together as never be­ of world history will tend to tragedy or weak and divided, there is nothing easier fore, so that events or mistakes in one part salvation. than for the totalitarian power merely to of the world are immediately felt in all the In the oncoming combination of a world raise the price for peace. As Karl Marx wrote others. At the same time the exchange of political crisis with a shift in the spiritual over a century ago, "The Russian bear is cer­ information and of opinions between popu­ values of a humanity exhausted and choked tainly capable of anything, so long a.s he lations is blocked by iron barriers on the one by the existing false hierarchy of values, you knows the other animals he bas to deal with side, while, on the other, it is distorted by or your succe!:sors in the Capitol will have to be capable of nothine." distance, by misinformation, by narrowness to confront, and are confronting today, tasks It ls often mistakenly believed that the of outlook, or through deliberate xnisinter­ which are immeasurably greater, incompar­ detente relationship between Moscow and pretation by observers and commentators. ably greater, than the petty calculations of Washington entails economic concessions In my few addresses here in your country diplomacy the inter-party struggle, or the from the U.S. (trade) in return for political I have attempted to break through that clash between President and Congress. There concessions from the USSR (moderation). calamitous wall of ignorance or of uncon­ is no choice but to rise to the tasks of the This is the essence of Secretary Kissinger's cerned arrogance. I have tried to convey to age. theory of "linkages", i.e., a relationship of your countrymen constrained breathing of Very soon, only too soon, your state will cooperation in the economic sphere will pro­ the inhabitants of Eastern Europe, in these have need not only of exceptional men but of duce a corresponding relationship of coopera­ very weeks when an amicable agreement of great men. Find them in your souls. Find tion in the political sphere. But Moscow has diplomatic shovels will bury and pack down them in your hearts. Find them in the heart its own theory of "linkages" qiute different bodies still breathing in a common grave. of your country. from Secretary Kissinger's: namely, that 22912 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 15, 1975 detente creates the necessary political condi­ disastrous than to see South Vietnam just The developments in Portugal are part of a tions for Soviet gains by encouraging the rot away and become absorbed into the com­ more general European crisis. Despite the West to relax its guard. munist group. . . If people start believing constructive NATO Summit meeting in Brus­ Soviet Communist Party chief Brezhnev that non-communist Asia will be lost event­ sels, throughout much of the continent, the has never hidden the fact (except when ad­ ually to communist Asia., then everybody Will tendency ls increasingly toward neutralism. clressing Western diplomats and television make h1s decisions accordingly." With Viet­ The perception of America as isolationist or audiences) that detente demands an inten­ nam and Cambodia. now Communist, one as having abandoned Europe in its quest for slfication of the ideological. struggle against Asian country after another is making its detente with Moscow has added weight to "the imperialists". Detente aids this struggle, adjustments. Laos has collapsed; Thailand the view that Europe must reach an accom­ he said as far back as 1967, because "in con­ has made its expected accommodations; the modation With Moscow which reflects the ditions of slackened international tension, Philippines and Malaysia a.re stridently as• new power balance. But no accommodation the pointer of the political barometer moves serting their neutralism; Singapore and In· under present circumstances would be a left." (sic) An article in the December 1974 donesia are sounding the alarm; South Ko· stable one, one reason being that in the issue of World Marxist Review retlterated rea. ls preparing for an invasion from the countries of Southern Europe (Italy, Spain, 'the B~ev argument by stating that North and guerrilla subversion from Within; France, and Greece) there exists the poten­ detente creates the precondition for "far while Japan looks on With mounting anx­ tial for a repetition of the Portuguese events. reaching political and social changes" in the iety, aware that a breakdown of security i.e., the introduction of a coalition govern­ West by making it impossible to advocate in the Korean peninsula would mean the ment including the Communists who then "strong government." It is also advantageous, collapse of its present government and its use undemocratic methods to entrench from Moscow's point of view, in that it replacement by either an extreme right mill· themselves in power and steadily ellmlnate creates the illusion of security in the West. ta.rist regime prepared to do battle With the political opposition. As successful as NATO thereby enabling the USSR to make political Communists, or an extreme left "neutralist" has been in deterring Soviet military ad­ and military-strategic advances without un­ regime willing to bring Japan's policies into vances, it is not designed to deal With this duly alarming its Western partners in line with the new realities of Asia.. internal (though foreign financed) political detente. But the chief domino of all may well be threat. It was precisely Brezhnev's fear of a China which had counted on America being This threat is all the more acute today Churchillian reaction in the west to the somewhat more than a paper tiger when it while Europe is in the midst of the most recent setbacks that prompted him, follow­ established the American connection four severe economic crisis since World War II. ing his mysterious period of seclusion in years ago. Now with Washington humiliated Inflation in Italy and Britain ls now run­ early 1975, to restate in strong terms the so­ and in retreat, and the Congress bent on ning at better than 25%, and the rate ls only viet commitment to detente. The relaxation making a principle out of non-interven­ slightly less than that in France. In West of tensions with the West, he sa.id, was in­ tionism, China is undoubtedly considering Germany, where political moderation and creasingly important "as today under the the available alternatives. The most obvious labor peace have been the product of the circumstances of the grave crisis facing the alternative, and one that could well be economy's 1·emarkable affluence, unemploy­ capitalist system (not as Brezhnev implies, adopted by the successors to Mao and Chou, ment has now reached 4.7%, four times what the economic crisis, but the political crisis would be a rapprochement With the Soviet it was two years ago. created by Soviet ga.in.s-SD), the opponents Union along With a heightened interest in The economic crisis has provided rare op­ of detente, the backers of the arms race and promoting pro-Peking rebellions in the coun­ portunities for Communists and their allies cold war are becoming more active." Brezh· tries along its southern border. to pursue a united front policy designed to nev was generous enough to point out that The situation in Europe ls not less critical disarm ideologically and gain access to the the Vietnam debacle was actually a gain for than in Asia. The sign1flcance of the Portu­ social democratic parties and trade unions of detente, in that it removed a difficult issue guese events-in particular, the Communist Europe. In the trade union sphere the Com­ from the agenda of US-USSR relations. It power grab in the unions. the media, local munists have pursued a rapid expansion of 1s an interesting line of reasoning which, if governments, and the total annulment by bilateral contacts With West European labor followed to Its logical conclusion, means that the military government of the electoral federations. Their objective has been to over­ the ultimate victory of detente would be a mandate received by the Socialists and Pop­ come their isolation from the international :world dominated by the USSR. Brezhnev ular Democrats-lies in the fact that they labor movement which resulted from the would never state this openly, for to do so a.re not a local but a Soviet affair with impli· walkout of free trade unionists from the would shock the West into an honest recog• cations for all of Western Europe. While the Communist-controlled World Federation of nltlon of its plight and h1s intentions. Russians ceaselessly proclaim the principle Trade Unions (WFTU) a.nd the creation of That there is still dangerous ignorance in of non-interference in the internal affairs of the International Confederation of Free America With regard to the Soviet detente other states, they are supplying the Portu­ Trade Unions (ICFTU) ln 1949. Today they strategy was demonstrated by an article guese Communists with anywhere from a.re focusing their attention on the European which appeared in the New York Times on $10 million to $40 million monthly, main­ Trade Union Confederation (ETUC) which April 3, 1975-a moment when the U.S. was tain an SO-person embassy in Lisbon, and Western trade unionists created in 1973. The experiencing reversals simultaneously on dif­ have many known KGB agents operating in Communist aim ls to help build up the ETUC ferent fronts. Entitled "Moscow Is Adhering the country. Despite this massive Soviet in· in order to speed the demise of the ICFTU to Detente Despite Shifts in World Power••. tervention, Moscow's ambassador in Paris and to use this as the forum where they can the article began by noting that "Despite has unashamedly warned Francois Mltterand pursue the drive for so-called East-West a tide in foreign affairs apparently running to halt the relatively meager aid the French labor "unity". Already the Communist-domi­ in Moscow's favor in Indochina. the Middle Socia.lists are sending to their Portuguese nated COIL of Italy has been admitted to the East and Portugal, the ove1Tiding theme 1n comrades. ETUC, and membership for the French CGT Soviet foreign policy remains that of de­ The events in Portugal are reminding many is expected shortly. The ultimate objective tente." Our reporter might be surprised to Europeans, Socialists and non-Socialists is to bring East European "unions" into the learn that long ago Marx proposed an expla· alike, that while Western Communist parties ETUC. The Communists are also pursuing nation for this Sphinx-like riddle: "Russia, multi-lateral contacts within the framework have moderated their tactics to advance of the ILO (an East-West Trade Union Con­ true to the old Asiatic system of cheating their electoral alliances, they still adhere to and petty tricks, now plays upon the credul­ ference was held in Geneva on February 28- the strategic principle as formulated by March 1 of this year) and are trying to gain ity of the Western world.... " Palmiro Togliatti, the leading figure of post­ Secretary Kissinger has said recently that admission into the International Trade war Italian Communism: to "move Secretariats. "The willingness of the Soviet Union to ex­ slowly .•. then jump, jump at the throat ploit strategic opportunities ... constit­ The objectives behind the Communist of the class enemy." Of course Moscow would trade union drive are best described by an tutes a. heavy mortgage on detente." Indeed like to see the Communists take power in it does, but to have assumed that the Soviet ICFTU policy statement adopted two decades Portugal in a way that does not unduly ago: "(1) winning moral respectability and Union would have behaved any di1l'erently, as alarm the West. But granting that a Com­ Kissinger and Nixon did in selling their pol· legitimacy for their State Company unions; munist take-over would increase the skep­ (2) misleading the workers of the free world icy to the American people, constituted an ticism in Europe about the democratic into accepting these organizations, run by American error of historic proportions, the commitment of Western Communist parties consequences of which we are experiencing the Communist Party, as bona fide free trade and about their so-called independence from unions; (3) facilitating Communist infiltra­ today. Moscow, this is a price the Russians seem Secretary Kissinger's new "hard line" on tion and subversion in the free world; and Willing to pay. In measuring political gains, ( 4) promoting the expansionist interests of detente and America's therapeutic show of the Russians use what one observer has called Soviet imperialism." force in the Mayaguez affair hardly consti­ "the Leninist yardstick", and in these terms, The Soviet leadership has welcomed the tute a policy sufficient to meet the present real power in Portugal ls worth more than "left" developments in Europe as the fruit crisis. The situa"tlon in Asia is a case Jn a popular image 1n Europe. The image can of its detente strategy. While they sternly de· point. Some time before the collapse of always be polished up by new initiatives to fend the Brezhnev Doctrine for Eastern South Vietnam in March and April of this secure detente, and in the process RusslA Europe, they are anticipating (and promot• year. Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Kuan would have dealt the Western alliance a ing) Communist gains In Western Europe. Yew warned. that "nothing would be more crushing blow. Boris Ponomarev, the Secretary of the CPSU July 15, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22·913 and the official responsible for relations be­ ular in some liberal circles: that the central Today America needs a foreign policy that tween the CPSU and non-ruling Communist factor in determining whether or not the is at once firm and clear on the basic issue parties, has noted that "the instability of the U.S. will engage in a political or military of solidarity with democracy, and also tacti­ situation and the discontent ot the masses alliance with any country ls the degree to cally geared to maximize both the unity of in many bourgeois states have now reached which that country is democratic in charac­ the democratic camp and the divisions within such a pitch that a situation may a.rise at any ter, free of coITUption, was founded under the Communist world. There ls no better moment in one or another link of this sys­ immaculate circumstances, and so forth. The starting point today for such a policy than tem, that will open the road to sweeping precarious military balance which now pre­ to assist the democratic forces in Portugal. revolutionary transformations." Ponomarev vails in the world 1s in itself enough to Yet there are many Americans on the left has more recently expressed his fear that the ca.use us to reject this notion. We clearly need who have become so disenchanted with any European crisis could bring the right to military bases and alliances in areas of the American involvement abroad that they op­ power, but this has not diminished his (or Mediterranean, South Asia, and other parts pose even such assistance. But the Portu­ Moscow's) dedication to Intensifying the of the world where western-style democracies guese Socialist leader Mario Soares, who is ideological struggle. That, after all, is what simply are non-existent. Moreover, we must involved in a real struggle for democracy and detente ls all about. uphold that principle of the United Nations does not have the luxury of pious anti­ So far U.S. policy has been disastrously in­ charter which insists that no sovereign gov­ Americanism, has called for American sup­ effective in coping with the international ernment-whatever its character-should be port "to help the democratic forces maintain challenges facing America. At present we removed through invasion or interference by a position of balance and openness. The seem to be pursuing a series of uninspired outside powers. This principle is the keystone contrary position," he said, "will lead, in and counter-productive policies of which the to international order in an age of turmoil the short run, toward a victory for the Com­ common thread is the appeasement of dicta­ which is constantly threatened by nuclear munists." At a minimum, the form such torial forces at the expense o! democracy. war. support should take is a clear message to The "capitulation detente", to use Andrei To consign all peoples and territories which the Russians that America will withdraw Sakharov's apt phrase, ls only one example for whatever reason are not favored with from their cherished European security con­ of this tendency In American policy. Secre­ democratic governments to an isolation in ference if the Communist subvert democracy tary Kissinger's readiness to embrace Arab which they a.re easy prey for communist in Portugal. dictators while blaming Israel for the break­ powers ls cruelly self-righteous-and will It is one of the more significant ironies of down of the Mid-Ea.st talks ls cut from the surely embolden the totalitarian powers modern times that the most outspoken pro­ same cloth as the failed policy of establish­ ultimately to adopt more aggressive policies ponent at the present time for a strong and ing the link with Moscow at the expense of toward the West. united Europe is Communist China. Of course t he Western a.ma.nee. If the U.S. Administration's policies ha,·e the Chinese have their own national secu­ So too is the American willingness to give been inadequate in coping with the present rity interests in mind in wanting a strong broad and uncritical support to non-Com­ world crisis, the alternatives proposed by Europe on the USSR's Western flank. Still, munist authoritarians such as President Park the dominant tendency of American liberal­ at least the Chinese are able to perceive of South Korea. and Generalissimo Franco of ism have been even less satisfactory. For where their best national interests lie at a Spain. Democratic socialists are not blind to almost a decade now liberals have done more time when the Europeans themselves can­ the important difference between these more than any single group to foster an appease­ not summon the political wlll or vision to traditional despotisms and the Communist ment and defeatist psychology in America. unite, and the Americans, despite the recent totalitarians. The former-undemocratic, in­ Their one-sided attacks on the "military­ NATO summit, appear more concerned with humane, and inimical to social democratic industrial complex" and the CIA have had cultivating the Soviet connection than with values as they may be--do not threaten in­ the originality of a broken record, with the strengthening the Atlantic Alliance. terna.tlonal peace or democratic institutions repetitiveness obscurring a few significant America's ability to recover from the Viet ­ in other countries in ways that are at all realities: namely, that the USSR, according nam debacle and the other setbacks o! re­ comparable to the threats posed by the more to its official (and highly conservative) :fig­ cent months will depend to a great degree on virulent Communist forces. Nor have despotic ures, now outspends America on defense by the stance it adopts at the three sets of regimes of the right proved nearly so resist­ some 25 % ; that having over the last decade talks now going on in Europe: the Confer­ ant to democratic change as have Commu­ achieved strategic parity with the U.S., the ence on Security and Cooperation in Europe nist governments-none of which has ever USSR is now well on the way to gaining ( CSCE, otherwise known as the Ew·opean Se­ been successfully transformed Into anything clear superiority; and that the ubiquitous curity conference) which has been dragging approaching a democratic stat-e. Moreover, for 490,000 agents and employees of the KGB on for several years in Helsinki; the Geneva all their cruel features dictatorships of the outnumber the combined total staffs of the SALT talks; and the negotiations for Mu­ right are rarely so thoroughly repressive as CIA and the FBI by some 14 to 1. tual Ba.lanced Force Reductions (MBFR) the Communists-sometimes merely because Though liberals heaped tons of contumely which are being held in Vienna. Though of inefficiency. on Thieu and Lon NoL, they have not uttered Brezhnev ls anxious to have the CSCE talks But a clear perception of the important an ounce of criticism of the victorious Viet­ concluded before 25th Soviet Party Congress distinctions that must be drawn between ruunooe Communists who have assasSlnated meets in February, he has to date shown no these two types of undemocratic states should political opposition, smashed the free trade readiness to compromise. He has already not mLslea.d American policymakers uncrit­ unions of South Vietnam, and have declared gained Western acceptance of the principle ically to embrace right-wing regimes as their intention to "begin searching for a of "the inviolability of frontiers" in Europe, "Free World" colleagues in an alliance number of wicked persons who are in hiding a euphemism for recognition of the Soviet against the Communists. (By the same token and owe a blood debt to the people ..." empire in Eastern Europe. But the Russians we should not hold back from criticizing For the most part liberals have reacted to have been totally uncooperative in the so­ Communist governments-the Yugoslavs and the genocidal forced march of millions in called "basket three" negotiations on free Chinese for instance-with whom we may Cambodia. with a kind of embarrased silence, movement and contact between East and from time to time find ourselves tacitly as if to excuse the inevitable "excesses" of West. Nor have they yet given unequivocal allied.) It should be possible for the demo­ the "progressive" forces. And George Mc­ recognition of the possibility for peaceful cratic world to retain military and even Govern, who epitomizes American liberalism change o! government in Europe (East as polltlcal relations with undemocratic states, even as he discredits it, has called upon the well as West) . Despite Western Europe's obvi­ and at the same time actively to encourage Vietnamese refugees to return to their land ous unease with this conference, presumably the growth and in!luence of democratic cur­ of terror, even as he has clasped in friendship devoted to promoting "security", America is rents within the borders of such states. We the blood-stained hands of Yasir Arafat and ready and wllling to give Brezhnev this prize did this in Eastern Europe during the Fidel Castro. without demanding a price in return. In· Marshall Plan period, in Greece and Turkey If the policy of the American government deed, we seem prepared to throw in a bonus­ in the application of Point Four aid, and in bears some resemblance to the British gov­ recognition of the imperialist Russian ab­ Asia, Africa and La.tin America during the erment's policy of appeasement before World sorption of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. several decades of active U.S. involvement in War II, the opposition role of America's lib­ t hose areas following World War II. The Russians have been equally uncom· eral intelligentsia is likewise similar to the promising in the MBFR talks for the sim• Unless we maintain-and increase-our pre-war role of the British intelligentsia as criticism of undemocratic regimes, and our ple reason that they are unwilling to give up described by George. Orwell: present military superiority of the Wru:sa.w assistance to democratic forces within such All through the critical years many left­ states, we will be severely limlted in our ef­ Pact forces in Europe. And if they have forts to mount an effective ideological and wingers were chipping a.way at the English shown a. willingness to move forward on polltlca.l opposition to the Communists. Their morale, trying to spread an outlook that was SALT, it has not been out of any commit­ greatest successes have come in societies sometimes violently pro-Russian but always ment to arms limlta.tion so much as a de­ where popular discontent fostered by author­ anti-British. It is questionable how much sire to ratify the Vladivostok agreement ita.rlan governm.ents has provided a. fertile effect this had, but certainly it had some. which allows them to Mirv 1,320 missiles. The ground for the growth of pro-Communist If the English people suffered for years a result of such a. Russian advance would be movements. real weakening morale, so that the Fascist to wipe out the current U.S. edge 1n nu· But while we favor stronger U.S. efforts on nations judged that they were "decadent" clear warheads which had previously offset behalf of democracy in countries of the non­ and that it was safe to plunge into war, t he decisive Russian lead in missiles. Communist world, we emphatically reject a the intellectual sabotage from the Left waa The weak U.S. political posture, and Its notion, which is becoming regrettably pop- partly responsible. weakening milltary position, will have t he 22914 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 15, 1975 effect not only of demoralizing American if the Civil Aeronautics Board were to possessed a powerful unused weapon: the allies but also of diminishing the quite "relax substantially its control over fares constitutional authority to interfere in the significant divisions Within the Communist workings of privately owned companies to camp. We have already noted that China. and entry" into certain markets. Similar conclusions were 1·eached for the other make them operate in the public interest. might move toward the view that it is safer So, in 1887, Congress deputized a special In the long nm to accommodate with Russia industries studied. body to exercise this authority and christened than to a.lly With the U.S. against Russia. The fact is that more and more Amer­ it the Interstate Commerce Commission A weakened West Will also give the Russians icans are becoming aware of the fact that (ICC). a greater hold over the European Commu­ our regulatory agencies have become Since then, Congress has creat~d a dozen nists. The Yugoslav, Italian, Spanish, and servants of the very industries they were other big regulators plus a score of little Rumanian Communists appear reluctant to ones, and today the 1·egulatory machine is fa.11 into line at the upcoming conference of meant to regulate. in vil:tually a fourth branch of government. European Communist parties in East Berlin. Writing the Reader's Digest, James Indeed, its broad-ranging 1·esponsibilities Their ability to exercise some independence Nathan Miller notes that- probably give it a more direct effect on our 1s directly related to the restrictions placed so flagrant has the situation l)ecome that day-to-day lives than any of the other on Moscow's power to enforce imiformity. many observers think reform may finally be branches. These responsibilities include the Western acquiescence to present Soviet moves a.round the corner. In fact, regulatory reform safety of our drugs, food, cars, appliances, in Portugal or to possible Soviet moves in is the only major issue today that has the air travel and local atomic pla.nts; the Yugoslavia following Tito's death will compel combined backing of Ronald Beaganites, honesty of our stockbrokers and advertising; dissident Communists, as well as Western Ford Republicans, Nader's Raiders and Ken­ the price of our cooking gas, airline tickets, leaders, to resign themselves to Soviet he• nedy Democrats. bus fares and phone calls; the cleanliness of gemony and to make the logical adjustments. our air and water, the beauty of our national The alternative to a policy of uncondi­ Mr. Miller makes the important point forests and the security of our bank deposits. tional capitulation detente with Moscow is that-- THE OTHER SIDE OF THE FENCB not nuclear war. Instead it is a policy which The most fervent defenders of today's eco­ combines the disciplined use of American nomic regulation of industry a.re the regulat­ What's wrong with these agencies? Listen power to restrain Soviet advances with an ed industries. The reason is simple: many to Anita Johnson, a young Washington law­ unwavering commitment to support demo­ agencies, through their power to set prices yer who is in a key position to know how cratic allies. Essential components of such and to license entry into an industry by new they work. "On the one hand, there's the a. policy are a strong American defense force firms, serve the major function of keeping drug industry," she says, "and on the other and an economy of full production. A11other prices up and competition down. Since 1950, hand there's Sid and me." Anita Johnson, 31, dimension of such a policy should be the for example, the Civil Aeronautics Board has and Dr. Sidney Wolfe, 37, compose the staff pursuit of an ideological struggle on behalf received 94 applications from airlines seek· of Ralph Nader's Health Research Group of democracy. This means not weakening ing to compete with other carriers on long. (HRG), the only non-Congressional consum­ Voice of America and Radio Liberty, as we haul routes, some offering to charge lower er representatives in Washington who spend have done, but strengthening them; not re­ fares than the existing companies. The full time monito1ing the drug-regulation ac­ maining silent in the face of Soviet ideolog­ agency has rejected all of them, while al­ tivities of the FDA. They do their best to pro­ ical attacks, as we have done, but responding lowing the present airlines to raise their vide a counterweight to the great army o! with a defense of democratic liberties and fa.res 20 per cent in just the last 21 months. doctors, lawyers, lobbyists and public-rela­ human rights; and most of all, not granting tions men who represent the $8-billion-a· any economic or political concessions to the It is high time that we restored free year drug industry. USSR without demanding in return some enterplise and real competition to the Of course, companies have every right to alleviation of the regime's tyranny over its American political system. By ending the hire the toughest lawyers and lobbyists they own people and its ideological seige against stranglehold which Government regula­ can find, particularly in view of the rapidly the West. Call this "detente with freedom", tory agencies now have upon a number growing power that bureaucrats wield over or better "detente without illusions". It may industry-in many instances, the power to of our most important i....tdustries, we make or break individual companies. What's sound strange to the American ear to couple would be providing the American people the word detente, which seems to have vague wrong is the imbalance of industry's repre­ connotations of "peace", with a policy of with better service at lower prices. In an sentation and the consumer's. Observe, for ideological struggle in defense of human era in which great concern is expressed instance, a hearing held last October at FDA rights. It may also conjure up images of about the interests of consumers, no leg­ headquarters to discuss the efficacy of cough "interference in the internal affairs of other islative approach would serve consumers and cold remedies. Of the 36 people who signed the meeting's guest register, 35 rep­ states". So be it. If we have learned any­ better than radical reform of our system resented the industry; the 36th was Anita thing from the events of recent months, it of Government regulation. Johnson. is that the alternative policy of appeasement I wish to share with my colleagues "Imagine that you're one of the FDA people has been an utter failure. It is not asking the article, "Our Rotting Fourth at that meeting," she says. "You can't help too much at this time to have Americans Branch,'' by James Nathan Miller, which but be very awa-re of the trouble these peo­ honestly assess this failure and adopt a ple can cause you if your decision goes against policy which addresses itself to the deepening appeared in the July 1975 Reader's Di­ crisis of democratic civilization. ge t, and insert it into the RECORD at them. Their companies and trade associa­ this time: tions have contributed heavily to congress. Their lobbyists are all over Washington. They OUR ROTTING FOURTH BRANCH talk to your bosses every day, and you know (By James Nathan Millei·) that they've had people fired or pulled off FEDERAL REGULATORY AGEN­ (Federal regulatory agencies, created as investigations. They hire law firms that keep cmS-OUR ROTTING "FOURTH watchdogs in the public interest, often in regulators in court for years. BRANCH" fact protect the industries that they are sup­ "And on the other side of the fence they posed to regulate-and reforms have been see me--four years out of la.w school, with aimed at the wrong target.) no laboratory behind me, nothing to present The lid is beginning to blow off a quiet but a typewritten memo outlining the points HON. PHILIP M. CRANE scandal that everyone in Washington has that we think the industry is evading. If I OF ILLINOIS known about for years: the subservience of were in the 11>A's shoes, I'm sure I'd be in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES our regulatory agencies to the industries they clined to believe the industry people rather a.re supposed to regulate. So flagrant has the tha.n me." T1.tesday, July 15, 1975 situation become that many observers think All over Washington the story is the same. Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, by now it reform may finally be around the corner. Industry has become the tail that wags the In fact, regulatory reform is the only major regulatory dog. For instance: should be apparent that Federal regula­ issue today that has the combined backing of "The longer a company can stretch out the tory agencies which were originally Ronald Reaganites, Ford Republicans, Nader's appeal process, the more money it can earn established to serve the public interest Raide1·s and Kennedy Democrats. doing what the agency has told it not to have done the opposite. But there is a very large fly in the oint­ do."-Leonard Lane of the Public Interest A recent analysis published by the ment. The only group with the power to cure Economics Center. . Brookings Institution examined the rail­ the situation is the one group that is least Four years ago, when a man died of botu­ road, trucking, and airline industlies for likely to do so: Congress. Unless voters apply lirun from a can of Bon Viva.nt vichyssoise, ''the possibility and desirability of di­ enormous pressure, it's probable that reform the FDA sued to confisca.te all the company's will languish. soups. This single case tied up two of the minishing the scope of regulation." Today's regulatory machine in Washington agency's 18 lawyers for 2 Vii years. When the With regard to the airline industry, dates back to the 1880s, when Congressmen Federal Trade Commission ruled that the for example, the Brookings study showed were looking for ways to break the railroad "tired blood" advertising for Geritol was de­ that the public would get "lower fares monopoly's stranglehold on the economy. ceptive and ordered it stopped, the company and more appropriate levels of service" They discovered that they themselves was a.ble to continue the a.d campaign for July 15, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22915 nine years While it ran the case through the isting companies an exemption from the an­ fectlvely built DC-10 jumbo jet that killed 346 people. appeal titrust laws which permits them to set up process. Why doesn't the FDA have the authority "Ra.rely does the President appoint, and regional "rate bureaus:• in which competi­ tors can get together and decide their own to subpoena. the plant records of food pro­ the Senate confirm, a commissioner if the ducers? "Ask Congress," says Peter Hutt, who regulated industry is against h1m."-From fair price.* a staff paper, "Reforming Regulation," by WRONG TARGET recently resigned as FDA chief counsel. "Ev­ ery year, for the three yea.rs I wa.s at FDA, the Brookings Institution. In terms of pure waste, overcharges and inefficiency, the Council of Economic Advisers I asked for such a. law." The newest ICC member is a former chief Why did it require 15 years of pressure lawyer for the bus industry's Washington estimates that regulation cost at least $14 from reformers to get the atomic-safety-in­ lobby. The chairman of the Federal Power billion last year. But the real scandal is not Commission is a former power-company the general cost to the nation; it's the spe­ spection function taken away from the cific harm to citizens that results when a sys­ pro-industry AEC? Because the equally pro­ lawyer. The head of the Federal Maritime industry Joint Committee on Atomic En­ Com.mission is a former shipping-news re­ tem designed to protect the public from in­ ergy-whose staff is almost exclusively ex­ porter who felt so well-liked by the industry dustry is turned into a shield for industry against the public-the dangerous or useless industry people--fought the reform to the that in 1974, when she considered running bitter end. for Congress, the first people she tapped for drugs that get on the market, the too-high Is reform possible? The fact that some of campaign assistance were members of the fares the unsafe planes, etc. the agencies are doing good jobs (for in­ maritime industry. On the other hand, it What can be done? Presidential commit­ stance, the Federal Trade Commission and is a well-kown Washington rule, rarely tees and private study groups have been pro­ broken, that a person with a strong pro­ ducing reform recommendations for yea.rs, the Securities and Exchange Commission) indicates that the answer is yes. But. first, consum.er record is automatica.lly barred but virtually nothing has come of any of th reformers must stop barking up the wrong from appointment to a regulatory commis­ them. The reason is simple. The suggested tree and shift their attack from the regula­ sion. reforms have been a.ilned at the wrong tar­ tors to the regulators' masters in Congress. "The Atomic Energy Commission's safety­ get-the regulators. The real villain is Con­ Here is a sampling of the kind of reforms enforcement policy has been essentially one gress which controls the agencies' purse they should be demanding right now: of depending on the industry to blow the strings. has appointed innumerable "over­ Forbid Congressmen to make off-the­ whistle on itself."-David Comey, research sight" committees to monitor their perform­ record contacts at the regulatory agencies director of a. Chicago citizens group which ance, can change them any time it wants-­ (which are quasi-judicial bodies), just as has helped uncover a number of safety viola­ and hasn't made a move toward basic reform they are forbidden to approach judges about tions that the AEC missed. in 30 years. Why? Because too many Con­ pending cases. AEC inspectors rarely inspect; they spot­ gressmen like the regulators the way they Forbid any member of an oversight com­ check the reports of industry inspectors. are. mittee to accept campaign contributions, La.st year, executives of Michigan's Consum­ There are three main reasons for this. One even indirectly, from anyone connected with ers Power Company admitted that they is money. It's a well-known fact among Con­ the industry he oversees. waited six months before telling the AEC gress watchers that pro-industry members of Insist that all oversight committees include a.bout a. serious safety problem--and that oversight committees often get a large per­ some staff members who can act as they told the AEC only because they were centage of their campaign contributions "whistle blowers"-people whose back­ afraid the press might get hold of the story. from the regulated industry. Another reason grounds a.re "anti" the industry, such as (This year, in an attempt to get better safety is power; the more supine an agency, the consumer groups or representatives of com­ enforcement, Congress ha.s spilt the inspec­ more favors Congressmen can squeeze out of peting industries. tors away from the AEC and set them up as it. Dw·ing a boxcar shortage in 1972, for in­ Supplement the oversight committees an independent Nuclear Regulatory Com­ stance, members of the subcommittees that with a special Regulatory Accounting Office mission.) oversee transportation regulation collected similar to the General Accounting Office In other agencies, too, inspection and en­ what one staffer calls "a million dollars' (which audits the Executive departments forcement practices range from toothless to worth of political IOUs" from Midwestern for Congress), and give it broad authority non-existent. The Federal Aviation Admin­ colleagues who asked for-and got-Con­ to investigate all the regulatory agencies on istration, under a scheme which it calls "vol­ gressional pressure on the ICC to assign box­ a continuing basis. Individual industries untary compliance," allows aircraft manu­ cars to their home-district grain elevators. would have a much tougher time "getting facturers to do the inspecting required to But probably the main reason that Con­ to" such a broad-based body than they now qualify planes for the FAA's official "air­ gress follows the industry line is the same have with the specialized committees. worthiness certificate." The Food and Drug one that makes the regulators do it: Congress All of which is not to say that we don't Administration has to accept the word of has been overwhelmed by the army of spe­ need a thorough overhaul ot the agencies food processors as to the percentages of in­ cial-interest pleaders. themselves--and perhaps even the abolish­ gredients listed on their labels; the compa­ Almost everywhere you look among the ment of some of them. But, first things first. nies refuse to show the agency their own oversight committees you'll find the same The sickness of our fourth branch of govern­ records, and the FDA has no authority to thing: Congressmen and their staffs whose ment won't be cured until we clean out the subpoena them. The Federal Power Commis­ past inaction has frozen them into pro-in­ rot in the trunk from which it has grown: sion's estimates of U.S. natural-gas reserves dustry positions. For instance, neither the Congress. come from figures submitted by the gas House nor the Senate subcommittee assigned companies themselves, even though recent to oversee aviation regulation has made a spot checks indicate that gas producers may move to correct the highly visible subservi­ have been under-estimating their reserves in ence of the CAB to the airlines' wishes. Last JOBLESS IN BUFFALO HELPED BY order to drive up prices. summer, a House aviation subcommittee CHURCHES "Airline executives a.re going on the attack hearing was held at the behest of the air­ in a growing campaign to combat efforts to lines to look into the possibility of granting deregulate the airline industry."-Recent ar­ subsidies to Trans World Airlines and Pan HON. HENRY J. NOWAK ticle in the Washington Post. American World Airways. The hearing was OF NEW YORK The most fervent defenders of today's eco­ held less than three weeks after subcommit­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES nomic regulation of industry are the regu­ tee chairman John Jarman spent an all­ lated industries. The reason is simple: many expenses-paid golfing weekend as the guest of Tuesday, July 15, 1975 agencies, through their power to set prices the United Aircraft Corp. and the Boeing Mr. NOWAK. Mr. Speaker, In good and to license entry into an industry by new Co. in Bermuda. (The other guests were sev­ firms, serve the major function of keeping eral airline chiefs-including the chairmen times and bad, the city of Buffalo, N.Y., prices up and competition down. Since 1950, of Pan Am, TWA and Braniff-and then­ lays claim to the title of "City of Good for example, the Civil Aeronautics Board CAB chairman Robert Timm.) The subcom­ Neighbors." Recent economic disloca­ (CAB) ha.s received 94 applications from air­ mittee recommended that the subsidies be tions have hit my hometown with par­ lines seeking to compete with other carriers granted. ticular severity. Rising to the challenge, on long-haul routes, some offering to charge "ASK CONGRESS" however, many of Buffalo's citizens have lower fares than the existing companies. The Why did the Congressional aviation sub­ joined to help their fellows in less fortu­ agency has rejected all of them, while allow­ committees raise no protest when the FAA nate circumstances. ing the present airlines to raise their fares 20 allowed the industry to take over its vital In an article July 9, the Buffalo Eve­ percent in just the la.st 21 months. Last year, "airworthiness" inspections? The answer is ning News graphically detailed activi­ the CAB recommended denial of a license to that the committees were ignorant of the a British firm that wanted to charge $125 for policy until la.st year; then they learned ties spearheaded by local black churches scheduled London-New York service, about a.bout it from another subcommittee which to assist members hurt by the area's one third the present fare. had been investigating the crash of a de- widespread unemployment. I would like Also in transportation, while the ICC to bring this article to the attention of strictly regulates the entry of new companies • see "Highway Robbery-Via the ICC," my colleagues. into the trucking business, it may grant ex- The Reader's Digest, January '75. The article follows: EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 15, 1975 CHURCHES FEED AND CLOTHE FLOCK OF need, according to the Rev. G. Grant Crump­ Insurance. These informed individuals. in JOBLESS BLACKS, 0FFEB ECONOMIC SALVA• ley, pastor for 10 years and a member of the turn, visit others-giving a helping hand by TION City Planning Board and El'ie County Equ,al making sure the elderly are properly in­ (BY Dick Burke) Opportunity Advisory Board. formed." Local black chm·ches individually and in "Many cases are de.alt with individually, Generosity is the keynote-spelled out in clusters are doing thelr best to assist their whether it's clothing or food," he said. Christian charity and practiced by all-from members hm·t by widespread unemployment "Everything is going up. We can feel it both the financially sound to those of store-front in the Buffalo area. Their job loss hi.storically ways-in collections and in attendance ... sparseness. is worse than that of the white community "It seems to me that black people a.re in good. times and bad. mostly employed in some kind of funded pro­ They are doing it generously with "emer• grams and when these funds dry up they are C.A.PTIVE NATIONS WEEK gency pantries,'' with free clothing and with faded out. We get the bulk of layoffs and credit union machinery. whenever they come, they hit us pretty "Economically, we are in a struggling situ­ hard.'• HON. GUS YATRON Annually chm·ch members are encouraged ation,'' says the Rev. Milton A. Williams, OF PENNSYLVANIA pastor of Shaw Memorial AME Zion Church, to bring new clothing-not used-to an "in­ 453 Porter Ave. "We get no support from the gathering," for subsequent distribution. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES national church; this is done locally by a "We insi.st that a change of clothing be Tuesday, July 15, 1975 membership of around 250 persons. given-not one pair of shoes but two pair; not "Our operating budget ls $35,000. We have one shirt, but two," Mr. Crumpley explained. Mr. YATRON. Mr. Speaker, the 1975 a large facility here and our housekeeping Bethel, observing its 145th anniversary observance of Captive Nations Week an bills are rising steadily. I've stopped publi.sh• year, has an operating budget of upwards of event begun in 1959, serves once again ing quarterly financial statements listing in­ $120,000 and maintains the largest Head as a reminder to all Americans of the dividual contributions because I don't want Start program in Erie County. tragic reality of over 1 million human to embarrass anyone. This includes 233 three and four year olds "We've had a food service here whereby whose parents are in the poverty bracket. beings who still live under Communist we buy canned goods and staple foods from These youngsters are at the church five days domination and oppression. As the a couple of supermarkets-stuff that is a week for 10 months-under supervision of United States continues its policy of de­ slightly damaged in t1·ansit. We offer this at a paid staff of 38, plus volunteers. tente with the Communist nations of the prices less than half the shelf cost. It's in­ "Those enrolled get free meals," said Mr. world, Captive Nations Week brings into spected by the Erie County Health Depart­ Crumpley, executive director of the program. focus the question of what that detente ment. "They get a balanced breakfast, a snack and should mean: We must constantly ask "Families currently unable to pay for food later a balanced dinner. Thi.s kind of nutri­ ourselves what accommodations a1·e can use a voucher system we have devised. tion is very important." Thi.s lets t,hem get some of their necessities Eighty per cent of this program is federally fruitful and PoSitive, and what may be from the church; demand is increasing as funded; the church provides 20 per cent, in­ destructive to the cause of world peace. more members learn about it. cluding the building and its facilities. It is particularly poignant that a con­ "We have clothing donated to us and An "emergency pantry,'' and special col­ ference on European security will be which we offer to those in need. We also issue lections make up the continuous assistance convening in a few weeks. At that time federal food. stamps. Unemployment is also provided by First Shiloll Baptist Church, 15 America will have an opportunity t~ facing many of our young people who are Pine St. voice its renewed objection to the 35- now out of school and unable to get summer Headed by the Rev. Elizah J. Echols, pastor year-long occupation of the Baltic States jobs." and executive director of the Buffalo Area Mr. Williams said that the church's "eco­ Council of Churches, this neai·ly 60-year-old by the Soviet Union. In support of that nomic salvation" right now is a contract church consists of 600 to 700 families whose occasion and the U.S. support of these between the Erie County Youth Board and contributions enable it to finance an annual captive nations, I am pleased to submit a cluster of seven local AME Zion churches budget of $131,000. for the attention of our Members the set up as the AME Zion Help Corp. of which Although in the heai·t of the Ellicott Di.s­ following letter from the Joint Baltic he is president. trict, where the lowest income housing in the American Committee: city is situated and a high rate of unemploy­ On a matching fund basi.s, $40,000 from THE JOINT BALTIC the group of churches .and $40,000 from the ment is persistent, the church membership itself is widely dispersed yet economically AMERICAN COMMITTEE, county, these ministers are working to pro­ .Rockville, Md., July 15, 1975. vide staff and personnel for a youth service viable. Hon. Gus YATRON, unit headquartered in the West Side "It represents a lot of civil service jobs, House of .Representat·ives, Church-with satellite activity in other domestics, teachers, nurses and those who fo1· Washington, D.O. parishes. the most part are pretty able to keep their DEAR CONGRESSMAN YATRON: Thi.s week "We are providing individual counseling, jobs in difficult periods," said Mr. Echols. marks the seventeenth annive1·sary of the drug education, tutorial assistance and rec­ "The congregation represents the success­ observance in the United States of Captive reation activity," Mr. Williams said. ful marriage of these families with a couple Nations Week. Congress in its collective wis­ At Friendship Baptist Church, 402 <;lin­ of hundred welfare cases. This is pure cir­ dom passed this public Law 86-90 to support ton St., the Rev. Edward D. McNeely, pas­ cumstances, of course. There still is a great the aspirations for freedom of mi111ons of tor for 28 years and president of the Ellicott need and we try to meet the need that faces people under Communist dictatorships Community Redevelopment Foundation, a the church and the community. around the world. non-profit sponsoring group for the Ellicott "The pantry's heaviest demands are around " Interestingly enough, on July 30, 1975, District rent.al properties, puts his situation the end of the month-just before welfare The Conference on Security and Coope1·a­ in this focus: checks arrive. We don't try to provide for tion in Europe" is scheduled to convene and "We give all the assistance we can. Many normal needs. This 'emergency pantry' is agree on the present status of borders in of our members rely on the federal credit for those who may need some groceries for Europe. The agreement that will be signed union which was organized here 15 years a couple of days. by 35 heads of state, including President ago. "These items come from members who Ford. to 1·espect "frontier inviolability" has "We try to help the individual, but there are encouraged occasionally to bring an ex­ been interpreted by members of the press has to be a need. We help with food or cloth­ t ·a. can or container of food. They see this and by the Soviet Union itseU as ratifica~ ing but we keep no stock on hand in the as part of their conti:ibution to the chm·ch. tion of Soviet World War II conquests. church. This would invite break-ins. We try "We also have benefited by the co-opera­ In the Congressional Record, June 17, 1975 to be helpful when it is brought to our at­ tion of Lafayette Avenue Bapti.st Church, (19198) Rep. Dante Fa.seen inserted a letter tention by the individual." whose members help with gifts of nonperi.sh­ to Rep. Thomas Morgan, Chairman of the The Rev. Andrew Whitted, pastor of St. able foodstuffs. From time to time, too, we Committee on International Relations, from Luke's AME Zion Church, 314 E. Ferry St., are able to give out first-rate clothing which the State Department's Assistant Secretary said his church maintains a "canteen" of we receive from a couple of institutions. for Congressional Relations Robert Mcclos­ canned goods and staples purchased by mem­ "Our communion offering each month goes key April 11, 1975. In this letter Mr. Mc­ bers and collected "for use in emergencies­ into what we call the Saints Fund. Money Closkey states that "it remains the policy not only for individuals within the church drawn from this is limited to medical needs of the United States not to recognize the but within the community here." of an emergency nature. forcible annexation of the Baltic States by "Most of our members who have been "One time it may be used by 10 individuals, the USSR." laid off are getting assistance in the way of the next month by 25. It helps to fill prescrip­ To avoid misinterpretations, along with unemployment insurance-managing to tions, for instance, or have eye glasses re­ 102 Congressmen (M listed below) and 14 keep their beads above water. They haven't paired. Senators (Carl T. Cm·tis, Jesse Helms. Roman come to the point of needing public aid." "Another thing we do is talk with the L. Hruska, William V. Roth, Lawton Chiles, The mission depal'tment of Bethel Mm senior citizens-to make sure they receive all J. Glenn Beall, Jr., James L. Buckley, Bill Zion Church at Michigan Ave. and E. Ferry of the benefits they are enti"tled to stich as Brock, Strom Thurmond, Vance Hartke, Gay­ St. is the unit helping those in particular Social Security and Supplemental SecUl'ity lord Nelson, Barry Goldwater, Robert P. 2291'7 July 15, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS tory's greatest experiment in human Griffin and Robert Taft, Jr.) who sponsored 286 Edward Roybal the B-altic States Resolution, I urge the pas­ 255 Yvonne Burke freedom. It surely was an experiment at sage of the Baltic States Resolu~ion. before 296 ALPHONZO BELL first, but we have successfully demon­ 'the conclusion of the conference m Finland. MASSACHUSETTS strated that our form of government, a This would make it crystal clear to the world 165 James Burke government where the people rule them­ that the United States policy regarding the 179 Joe Moakley selves and are free to be themselves, can Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) 186 Joseph Early survive and thrive, even through peril­ has not been altered by our agreements in 199 Torbert Macdonald ous and difficult times. Geneva. omo There are people in other parts of the I am also hopeful that President Ford will announce in Helsinki that the United 161 JOHN ASHBROOK world who believe in our form of gov­ states continues not to recognize the soviet 189 Charles Carney ernment. There are people who yearn annexation of the Baltic nations despite 267 CHARLES WHALEN, JR. for the personal liberty that is the every­ U.S. respect for "frontier inviolability". 276 Wayne Hays day p81ttern of our lives. There are peo­ Otherwise, his proclaimed Captive Nations 328 James V. Stanton ple who struggle for even a semblance week (week of July 13) may be followed CONNECTICUT of our self-determination. But these by "The Ratification of the Captivity of 165 RONALD SARASIN people are unable to act on their beliefs Captive Nations" week. 189 William Cotter Sincerely, or experience their dreams of freedom. EDWARD SUMANAS, ARKANSAS This month also marks an observance Public Relations Director, 195 JOHN HAMMERSCHMIDT for these people-the people of the The Joint Baltic American Committee. INDIANA "captive nations" of the world. This BALTIC STATES RESOLUTION SPONSORS AND Co­ 179 Ray Madden week, July 13 through 19, we are com­ SIPONSORS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTA­ 328 Andrew Jacobs memorating the 7th anniversary of TXVES-1975 TENNESSEE the observance of Captive Nations Week, Key: Democrats, REPUBLICANS. 296 ROBIN BEARD authorized by congressional resolution in NEW YORK 1959. This is a week set aside to reaffirm ILLINOIS our dedication to the furtherance of 105+ Samuel Stratton Frank Annunzlo 122+ FRANK HORTON 3+ freedom and to reaffirm our commit­ 11+ EDWARD DERWINSKI 159 James Delaney 79 HENRY HYDE ment to national independence and the 165 Edward Koch 165 PHILIP CRANE restoring of individual liberties to all 189 JACK KEMP 165 ROBERT McCLORY peoples. It is a week when we say to the 189 Joseph Addabbo 165 GEORGE O'BRIEN people living under a system of govern­ 199 Thomas Downey 179 Martin Russo ment not of their own choosing, a sys­ 199 NORMAN LENT 189 JOHN ERLENBORN tem that denies them their liberty, that 216 Mario Biaggi 199 JOHN ANDERSON 216 HAMILTON FISH, JR. they are not forgotten. 199 Morgan Murphy 255 Jerome Ambro, Jr. Hopefully, this is a week in which our 251 Melvin Price 255 Herman Badillo 314 Cardiss Collins own consciousness examines and em­ 255 Frederick Richmond pathizes with the plight of those who 255 WILLIAM WALSH FLORIDA live under tyranny. Hopefully, we will 325 Henry Nowak 165 L. A. (SKIP) BAFALIS take another look at those personal lib­ PENNSYLVANIA 165 RICHARD KELLY 216 Paul Rogers erties I mentioned earlier that we ex­ 118 Joshua Eilb~rg 216 C. W. BILL YOUNG perience daily and therefore tend to 132+ Gus Yatron 231 J. HERBERT BURKE overlook: Reading a paper or magazine 189 Joseph Gaydos 255 Robert Sikes that is not written by the government; 189 John Murtha 194 Daniel Flood MICHIGAN chatting freely with our neighbors on 199 Joseph Vigorito 165 WILLIAM BROOMFIELD any subject we choose; complaining 216 LAWREN CE COUGHLIN 165 John Dingell mightily about the way the government 226 H. JOHN HEINZ III 176 MARVIN ESCH is handling a certain situation; attending 299 William Green 199 GARRY BROWN a church on Sunday whose faith we em­ MARYLAND IOWA brace freely. How can you measure the meaning of such seemingly ordinary, 165 GILBERT GUDE 189 CHARLES GRASSLEY 179 Clarence Long 199 Tom Harkin perhaps casual, expressions of your own 179 MAJORIE HOLT 255 Berkley Bedell personal desires to those to whom they Paul Sarbanes 250 MINNESOTA are denied? 255 ROBERT BAUMAN Captive Nations Week is observed 293 Goodloe Byron 165 Donald Fraser throughout the world, as it should be. WISCONSIN 216 TOM HAGEDORN All people have a stake in the freedom 296 BILL FRENZEL 255 ROBERT KASTEN, JR. of their brothers and sisters-from RHODE ISLAND 262 Clement Zablocki Korea to Australia, from India and Tur­ 296 Les Aspin 250 Edward Beard key to West Germany and Argentina. DELAWARE 250 Fernand St Germain Here in our own home of the free we say 278 PIERRE DU PONT NEBRASKA to the people of the captured nations, NORTH CAROLINA 183 JOHN McCOLLISTER "Your struggle is not in vain. There is a 169 L. H . Fountain WASHINGTON truth that cannot be silenced and a NEW JERSEY yearning for freedom and individual 189 Floyd Hicks dignity that cannot be quelled by 111 MILLICENT FENWICK 140 Robert Roe tyranny." 149+ James Howard 182 EDWIN FORSYTHE CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK 189 Henry Helstoski AN ACCURATE CONGRESSIONAL 193 MATTHEW RINALDO RECORD 200 Edward Patten HON. MARTIN A. RUSSO 201 Peter Rodino, Jr. OF ILLINOIS ·238 Frank Thompson, Jr. HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER IN T HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 242 William Hughes OF WISCONSIN 256 Joseph Minish Tuesday, July 15, 1975 274 Dominick Daniels IN T HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 180 James Florio Mr. RUSSO. Mr. Chairman, this month Tuesday, July 15, 1975 328 Andrew Maguire marked the beginning of our Nation's Bicentennial celebration-a year to cele­ Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. CALIFORNIA Speaker, for the benefit of our colleagues 165 JOHN ROUSSELOT brate the founding of our country and 189 Mark Hannaford our 200 years of freedom. A celebration considering House Resolutions 568, 569 , 216 Leo Ryan is in order for we have proven to be his- 570, and 581, mandating a more ver- 22918 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 15, 1975 batim account of floor proceedings in the Both Houses should be encouraged to use than 12 hours after adjournment. These CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, I am introducing periods such as the Senate "morning hour" limitations of printing time make the use into the RECORD comment.s and recom­ or the time set aside under the House "one­ of sophisticated printing techniques such mendations pertaining to this important mlnute rule" and special order to give Mem­ as boldface type more difficult. However. issue. bers an opportunity to make insertions or they should be employed to the maximum deliver remarks only in part. These periods extent possible to make the format of the On May 10, 1965, the Joint Commit­ allow Members to express their points of Record more readable. tee on the Organization of the Congress view on matters which they deem sufficiently Indexing of the Record is presently ac­ began hearings on what was to become important to justify inclusion in the body, complished on a biweekly basis. More the most extensive study of Congress rather than the appendix. frequent indexing is extremely desirable for ever undertaken. The cochairmen of the The House usually enforces the role against reference purposes. We recommend a study joint committee were Senator Mon­ nongermane insertions during the course of by the Joint Committee on Printing of pos­ roney and Representative MADDEN, who debate. In the Senate, the body of the Record sible utilization of such tecpniques as auto­ led the public hearings for over a year. should be limited to germane insertions and matic data processing facilities to permit to verbatim remarks actually delivered with the preparation of a subject index as The final report of the joint commit­ supporting tables and statistics. This would frequently as technically possible. We be­ tee-Senate Report No. 1414, 89th Con­ encourage a more accurate record without lieve those techniques will eventually per­ gress, 2d session-issued July 28, 1966, unrealistic restrictions that might interfere mit the preparation of a daily subject index. included the recommendation that the with the participation of Members in pro­ 8. House :floor debates should be recorded CONGRESSIONAL RECORD should be im­ ceedings. electronically. The Daily Digest has proved to be a valu­ proved in several ways. The portion of able addition to the Record. It came Into In order to produce an accurate transcript in the Congressional Record of the House the final report pertaining to these rec­ being as part of the 1946 act. It should be ommendations follows: debates all such debates shall be recorded continued, with maximum emphasis on page electronically. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD references to specific action. The Congressional Record is intended to Nongermane debat.e should be printed A number of recommendations were fulfill a number of functions. It ls a chro­ separately in the body of the Record so that made by our present and former col­ nology of the floor proceedings of both germane debate can be read in sequence. leagues concerning the RECORD. The se.c­ Houses. It ls a basic source document for in­ 4. The text of amendments or the sub­ stance thereof, including appropriate refer­ ond interim report of the Joint Com­ formation on current legislative issues. It ls mittee-Senate Report No. 948, 89th a tool for the transmission of the views of ence to the text of such amendment, should the officeholder to his constituents. be printed immediately before votes so that Congress, 2d Session-issued January The Joint Committee on Printing has stat­ the subject matter of the vote can be more 19, 1966, listed in the Appendix a topi­ utory responsiblllty for control of the a.r­ readily identified. cal summary of these recommendations rangement and style of the Record. The stat­ The Record should not only be an accu­ by our colleagues. These included: ute provides that it shall be substantlally a rate document-it should be a valuable ref­ 1. The format of the Congressional Rec­ verbatim report of proceedings and that the erence tool. It is often difficult to follow ord should be improved to make it more con­ Joint Committee on Printing shall take all debate on the bill in question because of the cise, readable, and interesting (Rosenthal, needed action for the reduction of unneces­ frequent interruptions for nongermane ma­ Matthews, Rumsfeld, Qule, O'Hara, Congres­ sary bulk. However, the trend in practice has terial. To the extent that exceptions to the sional Quarterly). been in the opposite direction in both in­ rule of germaneness are permitted, this de­ 2. The Record should be a verbatim record stances. bate should be printed separately in the to preserve congressional intent on legisla­ The Joint Committee on Printing has ade­ body so that germane debate ca.n be read in tion (O'Hara). Remarks should not be in­ quate authority under the statute and the sequence and nore easily analyzed. serted in the body of the Record unless ac­ rules it has adopted to enforce desirable re­ It is also difficult to determine the subject tually given (P. C. Jones, Matthews). Exten­ strictions on the use of the Record. we urge on which a rollcall vote has been recorded. sions and revision should be limited to the Joint Committee to take the action It would be a simple and desirable practice grammatical and typographical errors (Cun­ recommended below: to print short amendments in full immedi­ ningham, Gibbons, Rumsfeld). Insertions 1. The Congressional Record should be ately before the vote so that the subject should be abstracted and printed separately printed in four general sections-an opening matter can be identified. References can be (Todd, Rumsfeld, O'Hara, Stafford). Inserts and/or closing period for insertions, the body made to the page number of longer amend­ should appear in appendix only (Bayh). for actual debate, the Appendix, and the ments or a condensation of their purpose 3. More index and digest information Daily Digest. During the opening and clos­ could be stated. should be included. This should include a ing periods, it should not be necessary for It should also be noted that no useful pur­ subject index published each day (Rosen­ the Member to deliver his remarks in full. In­ pose is served by insertions in the Record thal, Yarborough). a revised digest summa­ sertions or extensions and revisions should of matter which has no bearing on legisla­ rizing arguments and debate in sequence be permitted. tive issues or which is not of public interest (O'Hara, Dunne, Congressional Quarterly), 2. In the Senate, the body of the Record or concern. Members are urged to refrain and summaries in a standardized form in­ should be limited to germane insertions and from the inclusion of matter which does not dicating the meaning of record votes (Rums­ verbatim remarks actually delivered on the add to or dignify the Record of proceedings feld). floor and tables, statistics, and other sup­ of the world's most important legislature. 4. The Record should periodically present porting data dealing directly with the subject 5. The Appendix as well as the body of the an analysis and review of legislation in the on which the Member is speaking. Record should be permanently bound. How­ form presently prepared by the Congressional 3. In the House of Representatives, the ever, the rule against insertions of the same Quarterly (Stratton). body of the Record should be limited to ver­ subject matter by more than one Member should be observed. 5. Pages of the Record should be perforated batim remarks actually delivered on the floor to facllitate tearing them out (Rumsfeld). and tables, statistics, and other supporting The Appendix was intended to be the data dealing directly with the subject on repository for insertion of speeches, news­ 6. Nongermane debate should be printed paper or magazine articles, or other non­ separately so that germane debate can be which the Member ls speaking. Extensions read in sequence (Saltonstall). and revisions should be limited to grammati­ germane items. There has been a growing cal and typographical errors. However, Mem­ tendency to place such matters in the body The second category of the above rec­ bers should be entitled to make insertions of the Record rather than the Appendix. ommendations falls within the ambit of in the Record following debate and prior to Since 1954, the Appendix has not been per­ House Resolutions 568, 569, 570 and 581. voting. manently bound. Greater use of the Ap­ Legislative business must be handled ex­ pendix would be encouraged if this practice The testimony of our colleague Repre­ peditiously. The actual delivery of long were reinstituted. We regard this as a small sentative JAMES G. O'HARA, raised to my speeches in full is time consuming and cum­ price to pay for such encouragement. mind the most serious question arising bersome. However, it is also desirable to pro­ 6. Modern printing techniques, such as from statements inserted in the RECORD vide an accurate record of actual debate. It select use of boldface type to identify speak­ and not differentiated from those actual­ is often difficult to reconcile these two ob­ ers and subjects, should be utilized within ly made during floor debate. This ques:­ jectives. the limits of printing time to make the format of the Record more readable. tion concerns the reliance upon the REC­ The problems of the two Houses differ in ORD as an accurate sow·ce of congres­ some respects. Limitations on debate in the 7. A study should be made of modern tech­ House of Representatives make it difficult niques, including possible use of automatic sional intent. Mr. O'HARA's frank state­ to enforce a rigid rule for verbatim proceed­ data processing facilities, which would per­ ment that he has done this himself makes ings without adequate provision for inser­ mit the preparation of a subject index more more forceful his recommendation that tions so that the views of other Members frequently than the p1·esent biweekly index. the practice should be stopped. The fol­ can be included on the subject of debate. The Congressional Record has been appro­ lowing was JIM O'HARA's testimony on The Senate, on the other hand, disrupts the priately described as a mechanical miracle. the subject: continuity of the Record by permitting in­ It fs miraculous to receive a complete record Finally, Mr. Chairman and members of t he terruptions for nongermane matters. of proceedings each morning-often less ccmmittee, I would like to speak of the meth- July 15, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22919 od by which we report our debates. I think "Confine extension and revision of remarks materials during normal operation, it is fair to say that the Congressional Rec­ in the Record to grammatical and typo­ roughly 1 % tons of such material, nearly ord is a shambles. It is full of statements graphical corrections. one-fifth of which is gaseous or volatile. never made. "Limit each Member on inclusion of arti­ The detonation of the nuclear weapon The only place in the world where you can cles for extension in the Record to material go back and say anything, even though you pertaining to legislative matters." over Hiroshima produced only about 2 didn't, is in the Congressional Record. It is a pounds of these materials. satisfying thing, but I don't think it con­ Senator BAYH testified: Mr. Speaker, an article by Mr. Thomas tributes very much to the public understand­ I am concerned about the expanding Quinn appearing in the Cleveland Plain ing of what we are actually doing in the U.S. quantity of material which is printed in Dealer on July 13, 1975, elaborated upon Congress. It not only makes it difficult for the main body of the Congressional Record the findings of the surprise inspection of interested observers to assess the actions of and which frequently has little or no relation to the legislative business at hand. Although the nearly completed Davis-Besse nuclear Congress, but I have occasionally heard com­ powerplant. The text of this article plaints from Members of the Congress with much of this material is significant and may respect to the manner in which the press was deserve to be called to the attention of foHows: reporting congressional business. Congress-I do so myself-it tends to clutter DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWERPLANT The state of the Congressional Record uo the Record and make it less valuable for (By Thomas J. Quinn) forces reliance upon press reports that may its primary purpose. Since the Appendix is Inspectors of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory themselves be based upo'.'.I. incomplete infor­ no longer being published in permanent Commission, concerned whether the Davis­ mation, be erroneous, or be partly the prod­ form, I would suggest that such items as Besse nuclear power station is being built uct of the personal political preferences of reprints of editorials and articles from news­ correctly, have found problems with nearly the writer. papers or journals, communications from half the safety-related electrical wiring ex­ If the Congressional Record could be read constituents, nonpertinent speeches by out­ amined. and understood, I think we would have less siders, statements of congratulation to orga­ At the commission's request, Toledo Edison difficulty with that problem. nizations, individuals, or communities, and Co. has organized a 15-man engineering team Those who are lawyers in this room under­ other matters which do not have to be to reinspect all safety-related wiring in the stand that when the courts interpret a Fed­ preserved for posterity, and all the other plant, under construction outside Port Clin­ eral statute they rely on three sources. First, material that we feel is important to bring ton 70 miles west of Cleveland. the statute itself. Second, the committee re­ to the o.ttention of our colleagues, that this Toledo Edison has estimated the reinspec­ ports. Third, the debate in the House and appear automatically in the Appendix only. tion will cost more than $400,000. Senate on the particular parts of the statute Thi& would not only cut down on printing, Commission officials said they are con­ in question. It is the responsibility of the indexing, and binding costs but also would cerned that Toledo Edison may also have courts to find the congressional intent, and make the permanent RECORD a more man­ failed to uncover other significant safety they determine it from those three sources. aie9,ble and useful documentary source. problems in the plant. The commission now Many statements bearing upon the ques­ The then Representative STAFFORD plans to step up its own inspections. tion of congressional intent, which were To help find out what else may be wrong, never heard by the House or Senate when it testified: 'Toledo Edison mailed letters July 3 to each of agreed to a bill, are found in the Record. Mr. Chairman, it has always seemed to me the plant's 1,200 construction workers w·ging They cannot be distinguished from what th.at the Congressio1ial Record should be a them to report any possible problems and the House or the Senate actually heard be­ record--on the House side, at least--of what assuring them their identities would be kept fore voting on a piece of legislation. There is transpires in the Congress and not a resting confidential. no way that the courts can determine which place for the press releases we send back The commission, an offshoot of the now­ of the statements were actually made and home. I believe only those remarks which defunct Atomic Energy Commission, is espe­ which of them were not made, which of these are actually made on the floor should appear cially concerned with a nuclear plant's safety statements were brought to the attention of in the body of the Record, with provisions systems because of the dangers if there is a the House or Senate before it voted and which in the Appendix for informative material breakdown in any of them. were not. It makes possible a corruption of relating directly to legislation under According to federal government studies, the legislative process and a misrepresenta­ consideration. the worst possible case would be a plant tion of the legislative intent. I say this with accident coupled with a safety system break­ all seriousness because I have done it myself. down that could release large amounts of I don't think I misconstrued congressional deadly radioactive substances. intent but I have inserted in the Record, NUCLEAR. PLANT'S SAFETY SYSTEM Donald Terrell, Toledo Edison's public in­ when I couldn't find sufficient time to make FOUND 50-PERCENT FAULTY formation manager, said chances of such an statements, remarks bearing upon the ques­ accident at Davis-Besse were astronomically tion of intent with respect to bills coming remote because of built-in safeguards, in­ out of my committee. They appeared in the cluding the duplication of the many safety Record with no way to distinguish them from HON. RONALD M. MOTTL systems. any statement made on the floor. I think this OF OHIO Terrell and Eugene Novak, the company's is a bad practice and ought to be ended. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES project enigneer for Davis-Besse, were asked if the extreme low probability of such an I would also like to bring to the atten­ Tuesday, July 15, 1975 accident was based on the assumption that tion of our colleagues testimony from Mr. MO'ITL. Mr. Speaker, I was safety-related wiring and other safety sys­ other witnesses, Representative GIBBONS, shocked to learn that nearly half of the tems were working correctly. Representative Cunningham, Senator vital safeguard systems at the Davis­ They said it was. BAYH, and Senator STAFFORD. Besse nuclear powerplant were recently The electrical problems were uncovered by By Mr. GIBBONS: a team of commission inspectors during a found to be defective. The Davis-Besse four-day unannounced inspection in May. "My next area of suggestion would be in plant is located just west of Cleveland. The four-man team found one or more prob­ the matter of the Congressional Record. I The American public has been led to be­ lems with 24 of 51 electric cables they think that particularly in the House we have lieve that we can rely on nuclear power checked. abused the use of the Congressional Record. There are about 2,750 safety-related cables There is far too much extraneous material as a safe, clean, and inexpensive source of energy. We have also been told re­ ln the plant, according to the commission, that goes into it. The privilege of revising and if the same proportion of problems is and extending is overdone. The Congres­ peatedly that the probability of an acci­ found in the other cables, then about 1,300 sional Record, which is supposed to reflect dent is extremely remote. Obviously, this would have some deficiencies. the action of Congress, I think all of us must statement depends upon a 100-percent James G. Keepler, the commission's re­ admit, is a very inaccurate representation efficient operation of the nuclear power­ gional director, said he expects other elec­ of what actually took place because of the trical problems will be found, but he will not provision to revise and extend. plant's safety-related equipment. Only a few weeks ago, workers at the have a final report until reinspection is com­ "If the Record were abbreviated by elec­ pleted by September. tronic 1·ecording and the speeches of the nuclear powerplant at Lusby, Md., were The plant, owned jointly by Toledo Edison Members placed in the RECORD as they were exposed to dangerous radiation after a and the Cleveland Electric Illuminating Co., actually delivered, I believe that some of reactor coolant pump malfunctioned, is being built by-and is to be operated by­ the remarks that take place on the floor The short history of our operation of nu­ Toledo Edison. Commercial operation is would be more deliberately considered, more clear power stations has been replete scheduled to begin in September 1976. The accurately prepared, and would be of greater with malfunctions of the safety-related plant is about 90 % completed. historical significance to people in their systems. Luckily, the public has not yet Those aiding the reinspection include 10 attempt to interpret the law and to see engineers from the Gaithersburg, Md., office which way Congress is going." been subjected to a catastrophic acci­ of Bechtel Corp., the plant's main contrac­ dent. It must be stressed that a large nu­ tor, and workers from Fishbach & Moore Elec­ Representative Cunningham's recom­ clear reactor accumulates an enormous trical Contract Inc. of Chicago, the subcon­ mendations were to: amount of dangerous and highly toxic tractor for electrical installation. 22920 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 15, 197/j Commission inspectors have been monitor­ He noted that while the commission was Bechtel Corp., and then the Fishbach & ing the reinspectlon. concerned that some separation barriers for Moore Electrical Contract, Inc. Keepler said the commission considers the electric cables had not been installed, there And then come electrician foremen, elec­ electrical problems significant and called the had been plans for installing them later. tricians, engineers who fully understand the commission's reinspection request "a drastic Novak also said that while the installa­ meaning of the blueprints that say exactly action." tion of some cables did not meet design re­ how the whole system has to be built. Keepler said these problems had not been quirements, this does not necessarily mean Toledo Edison has been asked to set up uncovered by Toledo Edison or its contrac­ the installation was unsafe. its own reinspection team, to go back over tors. This has cast doubt, he said, on the Keepler said that the electrical problem ls every bit of the work. Surely that company quality of work being done in other parts more significant than another construction has enough of its own capital, its own repu­ of the plant. problem at Davis-Besse brought to the com­ tation and its own corporate philosophy at Because of the breakdown in what is called mission's attention last July. stake to compel it to do an airtight job of Toledo Edison's quality assurance program, In that case, a former employe of one of scrutinizing the Davis-Besse plant. Keepler said he has ordered his inspectors to the plant's contractors alleged protective Energy sources have become uncertain. increase the frequency and scope of their paint had been applied without assurance An energy-centered civilization such as Am­ inspections into the safety-related piping and that it could meet the standards for safety­ erica's needs nuclear and other power ur­ other key systems in the plant. related work. gently. And it needs them to be depend­ "We are sharpening our eyes in other Keepler said that this allegation had been able-and totally, 100% safe. areas," Keepler said. "right and meaningful." He added that the discovery of the electri­ But, he said, this does not mean that the cal problems have "bothered us • . . and paint job was faulty. The paint Will be tested. shattered our confidence a little bit" in to insure it has good adhesiveness and other THE PURSUIT OF JUSTICE IN THE Toledo Edison. required features before commercial opera­ REGULATION OF BUSINESS Keepler said the company has not been tion begins. "'riding herd" on its contractors and has Toledo Edison officials have questioned overly relied on them. whether the quality of the paint was a prob­ HON. LARRY McDONALD He said Toledo Edison, like other small lem at all, but have agreed that the proper OF GEORGIA utility firms building a nuclear power plant, procedures were not followed. IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES tended to delegate much of the inspection Keepler said the paint and electrical prob­ responsibility to their contractors. lems are alike in that "namely, the contrac­ Tuesday, July 15, 1975 "By doing this, some utilities get burned. tor failed to do his job and Toledo Edison Contractors, themselves stretched thin, cut failed to do their job." Mr. McDONALD of Georgia. Mr. corners here and there," Keepler said. It is unrealistic to expect that isolated Speaker, as we enter the 200th year since He said that while the contractors also were problems like the paint job would not crop the founding of our country, it is indeed at fault, the commission still holds Toledo up during construction of such a complex appropriate to recall the reasons for our Edison responsible. technological facility as a nuclear power Declaration of Independence. Our an­ He said the electricians installing the ca­ plant, Keepler said. cestors were harassed by agents of the bles had not been given detailed enough in­ "The important thing is that there is a British Crown and burdened by insidious structions and their work had not been system for preventing reoccurrence and as­ taxation. Fed up with the encroaching properly inspected. suring corrective action," he said. He said commission inspectors found that totalitarianism, they threw off the some cables were damaged, placed too closely Mr. Speaker, I wish to applaud Mr. shackles of tyranny. Hopefully, in Amer­ together or otherwise incorrectly installed. Keepler and his staff for their vigilance, ica, the people would never again be "Placing cables too close could jeopardlze and to urge more stringent inspections subject to the whims of despotism. a plant's safety, for instance, in case of a of this plant, the projected Pen-y nu­ Perhaps the tales of our Revolution are fire," Keepler said. clear complex and all nuclear power­ familiar to most Americans, but the The problems were found in safety-re­ modern day applications are not. Our lated cables in the control room, in those plants under construction. I also wish to feeding into the control room and in other express my complete agreement with the forefathers would be appalled at the ac­ parts of the plant. About 20% of the elec­ editorial comments of the Cleveland cumlated power of our present Federal trical wiring in the plant is considered saf­ Plain Dealer on July 15, 1975, that our Government. Individualism and progress ety-related. nuclear powerplants must be no less than are being stifled by the paternalistic at­ Keepler, whose office is in Chicago, sa.id 100 percent safe. The text of this edi­ tempts of the state at economic control. similar electrical problems have been found torial follows. Our colleague Representative PHILIP M. in other plants under construction in the FOR 100 PERCENT SAFE NUCLEAR PLANT CRANE of Dlinois, has recently written eight Midwest states under his jurisdiction. about the injustice of our existing regula­ However, he said, the number and the A team of federal nuclear inspectors nature of the electrical problems found at pulled a surprise inspection at the Davis­ tions in the field of business. His article, Davis-Besse were more extensive. Besse nuclear power station near Port Clin­ "The Pursuit of Justice in the Regulation In addition, he said, the similar problems ton. That team found just about half the of Business," appeared in the July 1975 found in other plants were isolated and safety cables it examined to be damaged or issue of Nation's Business, and I hope it did not indicate a breakdown in a utility incorrectly installed. will be read with a real understanding company's inspection procedures. We find that profoundly disturbing. It is of the principles for which our fore bears Novak, Terrell and other Toledo Edison nearly unbelieveable that any part of a nu­ lived and died. The text of the article officials said the company has been taking clear power plant should be put together steps to become more aware of the quality any way except perfectly. follows: of work being done in the plant. There is such danger of leakage of radia­ THE PURSUIT OF JUSTICE IN THE REGULATION Besides writing to the construction worlc­ tion, or injury to people, one would think OF BUSINESS ers, the company on June 27 also sent letters that the people building the station would (By Representative PHILIP M. CRANE) to nine of the plants contractors asking be more meticulous. The success of the American free enter­ them to report any possible problems. Public protest arises over every accident prise system has traditionally depended on In the letters to workers, Toledo Edison at any nuclear installation. Cracked pipes, a. maximum of individual initiative and a listed the office and home telephone numbers failing safety warnings and leakages that minimum of governmental interference. of four company officials. turn up downstream from power plants have But the expansion of the federal regula­ Terrell said the company had assumed it caused shutdowns and repeated inspections. tory agencies, both in terms of numbers and had been getting the necessary feedback And recently the pace of nuclear power in enforcement powers, flies in the face of that from workers and contractors through the its growth has proved to be disappointingly tradition. chain of command, but will not assume that slow, partly due to these jam-ups. It is not surprising that businessmen view anymore. Of course there are often debatable :find­ a number of these agencies as all-in-one Terrell also said the company in the last ings. It could be that some of the cables combinations of prosecutor, judge, and jury. five months has raised from 7 to 12 the num­ marked as wrongly installed by the inspec­ The Occupational Safety and Health Admin­ ber of men on the quality assurance staff, tors from the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Com­ istration, for example, ls empowered to issue which monitors the work in the plant. mission can be said to be safe, or even prop­ cease and desist orders that have an the The commission's :findings indicate, Novak erly placed. force of law. said, that Toledo Edison, on its own initia­ But there certainly should not be any Other agencies haul businessmen into tive, also had decided that a total reinspec­ damaged cables along a circuit which guar­ court if the businesses do not comply with tion was needed. antes the safety of the Davis-Besse plant. directives issued in agency proceedings. For Some problems the commission uncovered What excuse can there be for that? et:ample, 1972 legislation gave the Equal Em­ were based on a difference in interpreting Responsible primarily is the Toledo Edi­ pfoyment Opportunity Commission the right design requirements, Novak said, so that son Co., which is building the plant for it­ to take court action against private employ­ what may now appear to be a. problem may self and the Cleveland Electric Illuminating ers without going through the federal gov­ turn out not to be one at all. Co. Next come the principal contractor, ernment's legal arm, the Justice Department. July 15, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22921

INNOCENCE IS NOT ENOUGH creased costs that business incurs ln meet­ SOLAR ENERGY IN COLORADO The inherent danger in such a system is ing regulatory directives are passed on to the extent to which coercion and intimida­ the very consumers that so many of the reg­ tion, rather than justice a.nd due process, are ulatory agencies are supposed to protect. HON. TIMOTHY E. WIRTH employed in bringing about compliance with At stake here, ultimately, is the future OF COLORADO of the free enterprise system. If the regula­ directives. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES In too many cases, businessmen cited by tory agencies, with all their resources, are a federal agency for some alleged violation allowed to abuse their power, the system is Tuesday, July 15, 1975 a.re sure they are innocent, but prefer to give in danger. Thus, it is up to Congress, which created these agencies in the first place, to Mr. WIRTH. Mr. Speaker, when we in rather than shoulder the heavier cost of debated the Energy Research and De­ contesting the agency in court. see that they do not get out of hand. Still others head off the possibility of ci­ I am encouraged by President Ford's call velopment Administration authorization tations and heavy legal costs by taking ac­ for regulatory agency reform and by the fact recently, we heard a great deal of dis­ tion which even the agency would find un­ that a number of members of Congress have cussion about new energy sources. And necessary. introduced bills dealing with these agencies with shortages widely predicted for both Because of the present inequities, I have and some of their weaknesses. natural gas and oil, I suspect we are introduced legislation to put the business­ Also, I am heartened by the fact that going to hear a lot more. The fact is man on a more equal footing and to ensure more and more Americans are beginning to realize that regulatory agencies are, in part, we simply must reduce our dependence that a regulatory agency's findings are based on oil and gas, not only for the sake on the merits of a given case, not on govern­ responsible for the delays in construction mental coercion. of nuclear power plants, the increased costs of reducing our vulnerability to political Basically, the bill would provide compen­ of automobiles, the shortages of natural gas, or corporate blackmail, but also because sation for defendants where the U.S. govern­ the delays in developing new sources of oil, these are finite fuels. ment has filed a civil suit and lost the case. and the plight of our nation's railroads-to Many of us during the ERDA debate A businessman found innocent of charges mention just a few examples. voiced our skepticism about nuclear brought by a regulatory agency would be As a consequence, Americans are beginning power, and suggested solar power as the reimbursed by the government for reasonable to question whether government regulation ls costing more than it ls worth. obvious alternative. I would now like to legal fees he incurred in fighting the case. Mr. Enactment of the bill would have these QUOTAS, NOT MERIT call to your attention, Speaker, an results: Let us look at what might result from one opinion column by Fred G. Jager, in the Businessmen confident of vindication form of regulation-by the Equal Employ­ Rocky Mountain Journal, which is pub­ would be able to challenge regulatory agency ment Opportunity Commission. lished in Denver. The Journal, by the findings without fear of incurring substan­ As noted above, EEOC can bring suit way, is in itself worthy of your attention. tial legal expenses just to prove that they against a company that it claims engages in It is a weekly devoted to a unique mix­ are right. discrimination in hiring and promotion. To ture of business news and political com­ Regulatory agencies would be discouraged avoid a civil suit, the company must take mentary. Alongside a list of building from forcing conformity with their directives what ls known as affirmative action to elimi­ permits issued during the previous week, by harassing businessmen who don't have nate such discrimination. the financial resources to fight back. EEOC talks of guidelines and goals and one is likely to find an irreverent, bril­ The a.mount of compensation paid success­ denies it ls mandating quotas for the hiring liantly executed cartoon on local issues. ful defendants would serve as a guide to the or promotion of minority group members. Its columnists, including Mr. Jager, run public on whether the agencies were doing In practice, it ls making quotas-not the gamut from right to left. There is no an effective job or being overzealous. merit-the basis for hiring a.nd promotion mushy reading in the Rocky Mountain The injustice of a businessman having to until certain ratios are reached. Journal. pay for his defense while his tax dollars are What would happen if a top professional Mr. Jager's article discusses several being used to help prosecute the case against basketball team were ordered to take affirma­ solar energy projects in Colorado. He him would be eliminated. tive action to make sure its racial composi­ also adds some very pertinent reflections A THREAT TO ALL tion reflected that of all basketball players in the surrounding area? on policies that would encourage de­ The existing situation is a potential prob­ velopment and use of already-existing lem for businesses of all sizes. The quality of the team's performance Many smaller businesses simply cannot would decline, some outstanding players solar energy plans. Today is not too soon afford to hire a high-priced attorney to rep­ would never get a cha.nee to make the squad, to start harnessing the Sun. I insert Mr. resent them in court. And they fear that and fans would stay away in droves. Jager's article in the RECORD! even if they did win a court test, they would Fortunately, affirmative action has not yet JAGER: BUSINESS VIEW not only be out the legal fees but would be reached pro basketball. We can still appre­ (By Fred G. Jager) the target of repeated retaliatory investiga­ ciate the skills of Chet Walker, Bob Love, It is certainly no secret that another major tions in the future. Their ab11ity to pay legal Walt Frazier, Earl Monroe, Kareeen Abdul fees would eventually run out. crisis ls shaping up in the United States. Jabbar, and many others who have earned However, what is not common knowledge is So they don't make waves. They prefer the right to play through their own abilities instead to comply as best they can with tha,t the solution to th'tl.t crisis exists very demands. Demands, for example, that they and not through some artificial mechanism. possibly in the state of Colorado. buy new equipment without regard to wheth­ I hope affirmative action never does reach The crisis to which I am referring ls the er it Ls Justified on a cost-benefit basis. pro basketball. energy issue. The White House predicted last Unfortunately, some businessmen have But if it does, I would like to see every week that whlle there will probably not be found that the compliance route does not owner of a professional basketball team able gasoline shortages for motorists this summer work. They have been forced to go out of to challenge the government 1n court with (which should be excellent news for our business after a lifetime of work that has the assurance that a legal victory could be lucrative tourist industry in this state), there provided employment not only for them­ achieved without a financial loss. will be serious national natural gas shortage selves, but for many others. Compensation for winning defendants in thLs fall and winter. This shortage will be Many larger companies have resorted to felt most intensely in the industr1.a.l states civil suits brought by the regulatory agen­ of the mldwest and northeast. Then in an hiring high-priced consultants-at $10,000 cies would provide that assurance. to $100,000 each-to advise them of their effort to give us some comfort Washington potential liability under regulatory stand­ DIGGING THEIR OWN GRAVES announced that in a three-part, twenty-five ards. Some have invested thousands or even Under the present arrangement, many year plan, solar power as a source of energy millions of dollars in what could be termed businessmen must feel they are being made in the 21st century was elevated to a priority industrial preventive medicine in hopes of to dig their own graves when they see arrayed position by the Federal Energy Research heading off trouble. Still others have adopted against them the tremendous resources of a and Development Administration. But while policies, such as reverse discrimination ln solar power may be scheduled to be of major federal government they are paying substan­ use 1n the 21st century, the nation unfor­ meeting guidelines for minority hiring, that tial taxes to support. might avoid problems in one area but erode tunately will still be importing oil until at There is a compelling need to restore a least 1995. the morale of their other employees or the proper bale.nee between business and govern­ enthusiasm of their customers. In simultaneous press conferences in ment-a balance that gives each side an op­ Washington and Chicago, ER.DA officials said THE CONSUMER PAYS portunity to present its case for a decision that the solar electric approach to produc­ None of theee actions helps achieve the in­ on the merits. ing energy was given high priority because creased productlvtty needed if the economy The legislation I am proposing would be a it represents a "virtually inexhaustlble en­ is to rebound and open up more employment major step toward what is, after all, simple ergy resource of the future." In a correspond­ opportunities for alL On the contrary, ln· American justice as we have come to know it. ing budget request to Congress, Robert C. CXXI--1444-Pa.rt 18 229~2 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 15, 1975 Seamans, Jr., ERDA Administrator, asked for izing in research and development. ISC does Colorado are truly interested in being part a 27 % increase in solar research funds for not manufacture or market its product, a of the solution to the energy problem, and if a total of $89 million for fiscal 1976. backyard solar furnace, itself. Instead it uses these organizations as well as the commer­ Putting all that together, my basic eco­ licensed manufacturers across the nation, cial and political world in our state desire to nomics 101 theory says that if the supplies of who pay an initial licensing fee and royalty be nationa.l solution leaders, then let's get domestic natural gas are going to diminish, to produce the ISC system under various behind the solar heating concept, for smely and if we must rely on imported oil until local names. Several of my colleagues and I it is a warm, comfortable feeling. at least 1995, and if Congress will not go along had the chance last week to see the ISC with dramatically increasing the number of solar furnace. It is an amazingly simple de­ nuclear power stations, and that there is vice using ordinary materials readily acces­ only so much coal that can be made avail­ sible to the general public. The system re­ able, then clearly the price for heating your quires no particular adaptation to one's home PROPO.SALS FOR THE FEDERAL home or business or driving your car is going as does the roof-top Solaron. Instead the ELECTION COMMISSION to increase dramatically. Very good observa­ ISC solar furnace is a free standing, A-frame tion, Mr. Jager! type building. The storage method uses "What are we going to do?," you ask in rocks, and like the Solaron system, the ISC HON. TOM STEED despair. concept uses forced air as its heat transfer OF OKLAHOMA Speaking before the fourth quarterly meet­ device. This system is easily adaptable to jN n .;:E ITOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing of the Denver chamber of commerce's eXisting conventional forced air heating environmental council last month, John Bay­ systems. Tuesday, July 15, 1975 less, president of Solaron Corporation, said This article is not to sell you on either M .. . STEED. Mr. Speaker, I herewith that by 1980 the solar heating and cooling Solaron, or International Solarthermics Cor­ include another installment of the ma­ hardware market could be a $1 billion an­ poration systems. Instead, it is to illustrate te;:ials provided by the Federal Elections nual industry in the United States. He ob­ that there is an alternative to the increas­ served that the solar heating and cooling ingly critical availability and expense prob­ Commission for publication in the Fed - industry will go down in history as having lems associated with natural gas, propane, eral Register. For the Members who de­ had it birthplace in Colorado. imported oil, coal, etc. As I write this column, sire to retain a copy of the entire serie.:;, Consider for a moment what you wlll do I am smiling because in front of me is a other instJllments were printed in the when you are faced with a potential heating brochure put out by International Solar­ Appendix of the RECORD on June 2, bill of $100 to $200 per month, perhaps as thermics. On the cover of that brochure is June 25, July 9, and July 14. Additional early as three or four years from now and a very official looking gentleman sitting in instc1llment.s will be made available as even earlier if you are living in a rural area his overstuffed armchair wagging his finger where you have to rely on propane. Consider and saying, "Man will never fly! . . . Elec­ soon as possible. The material follov.s: further what you will do if there is a strong tricity won't replace gaslights! ... The earth DEAR COMMISSIONERS: Pursuant to Section likelihood that you may not be able to get is flat! ... Solar heating is ten years away!" 437! of Title 2, United States Code, it is re­ sufficient fuel for your home at any price. We now know that just simply isn't true. spectively requested hereby that the Com­ Without question, that may be the problem Solar heating is here, it's now, it's afford­ mission issue advisory opinions with regard facing many sections of the United States able, and it is increasingly becoming an ex­ to the P1·esidential Nominating Conventions even this year. It is easy on these hot sum­ cellent investment for the residential or com­ of the respective parties and the following mer days not to be particularly concerned mercial building owner. Let me offer this recommendations are made rel:iting to the a.bout it until you consider that about 120 challenge to the realtors in our state, as well following subject matters for consideration. days from now it is going to become a major as to the savings and loan associations. The recommended advisory O;linions are pre­ worry again. Would it not be appropriate for these orga­ ceded by a statement of background infor­ In previous columns I have noted that solar nizations to develop a campaign to make mation briefly describ ing Presidential Nomi­ architects such as Richard L. Crowther of the Colorado a leader in the solar heating indus­ nating Convention pr:cedures. Denver-based firm Crowther-Kruse-McWil­ try by lobbying for the following: PRrSIDENTIAL NOMINATING CONVENTION liams have gained a national reputation for 1. A PUC utility rate restructuring offer­ PROCI:DURES their considerations of solar heating and ing incentives for buildings that operate The major political parties, the Democratic cooling concepts in the construction of resi­ more efficiently. Have lower power rates for and Republican (Parties), traditionally every dential and commercial facilities. There are those buildings that use less energy instead four ( 4) years hold Presidential Nominating at lea.st two major equipment and technology of lower rates for those that use more, as is Conventions (co:wentions). The next con­ firms establishing national reputations for true now. As you are aware, Public Service ventions will be held in the summer of 1976. their successful involvement with solar heat­ Company in effect gives volume discounts Preparati.Jn for such conventions are already ing installations in existing commercial fa· facilities using more energy. I am suggest­ underway. The Site Committee hearings are cilities or facilities under development. Thus ing that we penalize those that use more being held and the process of determining here in Colorado, the day to day technology instead of those that use the least. the sites for the respective parties is under­ necessary to make solar heating possible for 2. I thought I'd never say it, but how about way presently. your home or business is being developed, and a law expressing mandatory maximum utili­ The Site Committees of the respective par­ the world is spreading nationally that Colo­ zation per cubic foot of space in a building. ties have held hearings an d have received radans have an answer. It would be analogous to the 55 mile per hour proposals from would-be host cities and con­ John Bayless is the president of Solaron speed limit on highways. The new law would template visiting certain bidding cities and Corporation, a publicly held company or­ not tell you how to design a building or what will make a final determination of the rec­ ganized in April, 1974 to develop, manufac­ to build it from, but would say that there ommended site to the respective National ture, and market solar heating and cooling are only so many BTU's per cubic foot that Committees thereafter for confirmation. systems for residential and commercial build­ you can allocate to the structure. That im­ Traditionally the bidding cities, in an ef­ ings. The Solaron system includes a flat plate plies utilizing an increasing amount of solar fort to encourage and induce the choice of rooftop collector, metal ductwork, and bins of energy as the heating and cooling technique. their respective cities as a site for the Con­ rock in the basement for heat storage. After 3. How about a plan for not taxing solar vention both directly and through conven­ finding that hydronic systems (those using energy collection equipment on a structure? tion and tourist attracting entities offer a water for heat transfer and storage) are This would make the property taxes sub­ variety of services and facilities, some at no costly to install and maintain, the company stantially less and therefore reward develop­ charge and some at reduced charges. Such developed the use of air for heat transfer. ers who integrate solar energy systems into convention and tourist attracting entities in The collectors absorb solar energy, convert their structures. the local community or the state such as the it to heat and use air to transfer the heat 4. An X per cent interest rate discount for Chamber of Commerce, Junior Chamber of into the home. Gump Glass Company of any building that is developed or remodeled Commerce, local Host Committee, non-profit Denver is installing a Solaron system in its utilizing solar energy systems. This interest corporate entities, organizations of local busi­ new one million dollar plant headquarters difference could be made up by a federal nessmen including those representing hotels now under construction. It will be the na­ subsidy to a savings and loan association. in which Convention officials and personnel tion's first solar heating system in a new After all, why not give that subsidy to the will be housed join the cities and states in commercial/industrial building. It ls pro­ S&L's rather than a subsidy to people to dig offering such facilities and services. jected to save 77 per cent of other fuel re­ up more fossil fuel or extract more oil. Save In evaluating the respective site bids the quirements for the building's 7,180 square dollars, but better utilization of the money. Site Committee obviously takes into consid· feet of office and showroom. 5. Let's talk about tax incentives for com­ eration such facilities and services as an im· A different approach to the problem, but panies who develop solar devices. Maybe they portant element in the site selection process. one that leads to the same conclusion, i.e. a should fall into a special corporate tax brac­ It is generally understood that such goods viable solar heating alternative for residen­ ket. On that basis they could put ou.t a prod­ and services ma.de a.va.lla.ble both directly tial construction, 1s being developed by Inter­ uct at a. lower price and therefore make the and indirectly have historically been offered national Solarthermics Corporation of Neder­ products more affordable to the developer. by the bidding cities and organization tour­ land, Colorado. This company, headed by This means a great incentive for those com­ ist attracting entities to the Conventions as John Keyes and Henry Leak, is a. closed cor­ panies who put out better equipment, etc. a matter of history and precedent. poration, totally internally funded, special· If the developers, lenders and realtors of Examples of such inducing facilities and July 15, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22923 services offered on behalf of the bidding traditionally have supplied 41.irectly or indi­ conventions tn the light of the previous cities, states and connected entitles a.re free rectly a variety of services, facilities and experience of both political parties and the use of auditorium or convention center fa­ other means of assistance to the Parties to intent and purpose of the Federal Election cilities, and construction of interior plat­ attract conventions to their city. Included Campaign Act of 1971 as amended. This forms and seating arrangements therein; have been services and facilities previously position W88 submitted to the Commission parking and staking areas for personnel and discussed herein. In addition, convention bu­ by both parties on April 21 and the Commis­ for the media; transportation services in­ reaus, Chambers of Commerce, Host Com­ sion requested the specifics as related to cluding bus transportation for the Conven­ mittees non-profit corporations and similar the goods and services for expenditw·es con­ tion personnel and attendees as well as auto­ organizations often provide facilities and templated by the two parties relating to mobiles for Convention personnel and services to the conventions as also previously the 1976 conventions. V.I.P.'s; law enforcement, ambulance and discussed. Such facilities and services are pro­ The Democratic National Committee is other needed public services; the loaning to vided equally to both major parties as well submitting, after consultation with the RNC, the convention of tourist bureau personnel as to nonpolitical conventions which the a description of such services and the RNC for housing, reservation and entertainment cities, states and local entities wish to attract generally subscribes to that submission as services; hotel facilities as well as convention to their area. In view of this acknowledged properly descriptive of such goods and serv­ hall facilities for office use of officials and historical precedent it is recommended that ices and as an adequate response to the staff of the conventions and hotels for sleep­ the Commission consider relating to the question." ing accommodation for such officials; trans­ statute involved an opinion as follows: • portation, accommodation and hospitality STATUTE INVOLVED \VILLIAM C. CRAMER, for the site committees responsible for the 26 U.S.C. 9008{d) " ... the national com­ General Counsel. selection of the site for the convention and mittee of a major party may not make ex­ numerous other facilities and services re­ penditures with respect to a Presidential lated to the convention. nominating convention which, in the ag­ Relating to such services and facilities gregate, exceed the amount of payments to SOLZHENITSYN AND OFFICIAL supplied free or at reduced cost, it is ob­ which such committee ls entitled ($2 mil­ WASHINGTON: ARE WE AFRAID served that the 2 million dollar limitation lion).'' for the conventions, in light of the approxi­ TO CONFRONT THE TRUTH mate $1,750,000 average cost for the conven­ SUGGESTED OPINION ABOUT COMMUNISM? tions for 1972 exclusive of such services and The cities, states, and other governmental facilities and in light of increased costs that entities of the United States are permitted have occurred since 1972, unless such con­ to provide facilities and services in order to . HON. PHILIP M. CRANE tributions of facilities and services are per­ assist the Nominating Conventions of the OF ILLINOIS parties in any manner within their means mitted, and not chargeable against the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES $2,000,000 limit, it is obvious that the limit which has traditionally been supplied for will be inadequate. In addition, it is assumed such purposes, including but not limited to Tuesday, July 15, 19'15 the use of Convention halls, convention hall that Congress having knowledge of the cost M1·. of the prior conventions contemplated that improvement, parking and related facilities, CRANE. Mr. Sp.eaker, prophets such continuing facilities and services would police, fire, health and other public service have always received a negative response be permitted because otherwise the figure is facilities and services, transportation services, from the majority of those to whom they unrealistic. In view of these facts and cir­ bureau convention personnel, rooms, and sought to bring their message. That re­ cumstances the following questions are hotel and meeting hall facllities for conven­ sponse has traditionally been most hos­ asked and the following suggested opinions tion staff. Services and facilities provided by tile on the part of the authorities whom are proposed. public service and nonprofit organizations such as convention bureaus, Chamber of such prophets were seeking to warn or I. Relating to the selection of the convention Commerce, Host Committees, nonprofit cor­ exhort or cause to change their ways. site porations and similar organizations are per­ Socrates was forced to drink the hem­ The Site Committees of the Parties have mitted to provide faclllties, services and per• lock. Jesus Christ was crucified even held hearings and have heard proposals of sonnel to such conventions. though He declared that His Kingdom the would-be host cities and are contem­ Other inducements, services or facilities In his plating visitations to the respective sites was not of this world. play, "Mur­ that are customarily offered to other organi­ der in the Cathedral," T. S. Eliot tells of under consideration, largely to take place zations seeking a convention site as an in­ before July 1, 1975, when payments may be ducement to any convention of similar size how both church and state choose to received from the Federal Election Commis­ and scope in a particular city involved. treat those who tell unpleasant truths. sion Fund. Traditionally, the interested cities including inducements by hotels, hotel asso­ In many respects, Alexandr Solzhe­ have borne the cost of visits by the Site ciations, or other local businessmen and/or nitsyn, as he tells the West of the real Committee members and all activities re­ business oriented associations, tourist at­ nature of communism, and of the suffer­ lating thereto. The remaining operating ex­ tracting entities shall be permitted. Such ing which he individually and the Rus­ penses of Site Committee have been borne services, facill ties and funds made a vallable sian people collectively have suffered, by National Committee or other entity es­ to defray costs of the convention heretofore fits into the mold of those ancient pro­ tablished to accomplish the objective of fi­ described shall not be considered "expendi­ nancing the National Convention. The ex­ tures" under 26 U.S.C. 9008(d) (1) and there­ phetic figures. penses of the Site Committee are a necessary fore not subject to the $2 million limitation He sounded very much like a prophet cost of holding a National Convention. It is and further they shall not be construed as of old when he addressed a dinner in therefore requested the following interpre­ "expenditures" or "contributions" as defined Washington, D.C., on June 30, and ac­ tations of the applicable statute be made. in 18 u.s.c. 691." cused the West of giving in to the Soviet STATUTE INVOLVED • • • Union on all fronts, declaring that the 26 U.S.C. 9008(c) "Such (Federal) pay­ MARY LOUISE SMITH, current European Security Conference ments shall be used only-(1) to defray ex­ Chainnan, Republican National Committee. would end with western nations con­ penses incurred with respect to a Presidential (Addendum of May 9, 1975) firming "the slavery of their brother nominating convention.... " DEAR COMMISSIONERS: On April 21, 1975, countries of the East, all the while be­ SUGGESTED OPINION at the meeting of your Commission, certain lieving they are strengthening the pros­ The operating expenses of the site selec­ members requested responses to questions, pects for peace." tion committees of the parties are "Conven­ suggesting that answers be forthcoming from Mr. Solzhenitsyn declared that-­ tion expenses" within the meaning of 26 both major political parties. This, the re­ Whole peoples are being suppressed and U.S.C. 9008(c) and reimbursement may be sponse of the Republican National Commit­ made to the parties or designated entity, yet there is talk of detente. That is the tee (RNC) submitted through Counsel, it is trouble with today-we are shortsighted pursuant to 26 U.S.C. 9008(e). However, it hoped, will be of assistance to the Com­ is recognized that many activities of the site and view everything on the political plane. mission and will result in the earliest possi­ If the groans of millions cannot be heard, committee take place in response to bid pro­ ble advice by the Commission to the two posals and that it is customary that the we think we can base some sort of detente major parties relating to convention expenses on this. bidder defray certain expenses of the com­ and reimbursement therefore in that such mittee relating to site inspections and nego­ expenses a.re presently being undertaken as True detent, Solzhenitsyn stated, must tiations relating to the selection of the site the result of Site Committee activities. mean not only stopping wars but also and this practice will be permitted to con­ 4. What goods and services are the two stopping the use of violence within a tinue wihout charge against the $2,000,000 major parties likely to receive relating to the limitation under 26 U.S.C. 9008{d) (1) and country against its own citizens. During 1976 conventions and which of these can be today's detente, Russians are being im­ will not be construed as "contribution" or accepted by the parties without being "expenditure" as defined in 18 U.S.C. 591. charged against the $2 million limit? prisoned in concentration camps and II. Assistance supplied by the cities, states Answer: The RNC submits that the Com­ mental hospitals, he said. and tourist attraction enttttes mission should consider this question in the Detente "must not be based on smiles Cities and States and other Government light of similar goods and services custom­ and verbal concessions but on firm f oun­ entities thereunder seeking a Convention arily made available to other non-political dations." And there cannot be true de- 22924 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS July 15, 1975 tente so long as Moscow continues When things are difficult, we will give a rope you to remember that it destroyed not only ideological warfare against the West, to the bourgeoisie and the bourgeoisie Will the party itsel:(, but. the members of every Solzhenitsyn stated. He noted that naive hang itself with this rope." party. explanations are used in the United Then, Karl Radek, a witty fellow you may It's a sys~em which introduced genocide of States to justify the present form of have heard of, said: "Vladmir Ilyich, where the peasantry. Fifteen million peasants were a.re we going to get enough rope to hang the sent off to extermin~tion. It's a system which, detente. These include the ideas that whole bourgeoisie?" in time of peace in t~e Ukraine, artificially Soviet leaders have given up "their in­ Lenin said immediately: "They'll supply created a famine causing 6 million persons to sane ideology," that the West needs to us with it." die of famine ~ 19$2 and 1933-on the very support liberal Soviet leaders against Nikita Khrushchev came here and said: edge of Europe they died. Europe didn't even more dangerous ones, and that Soviet "We're going to bury you." People didn't be­ notice it. The world didn't even notice it. policy !s softening. He denied them all lieve that-they took it as a joke. I could keep on enumerating these things and declared that the Soviet Union is Now, of course, the Communists have be­ endlessly, but I have to stop because we've got still run by a small group of leaders op­ come more clever in my co_untry. They do not to 1933. say, "We're going to bury you" any more. This is the year when, with all which I have erating in secrecy. "How can we," he Now they say, "Detente." enumerated in the background, your Presi­ asked, "rely on such people to give us Nothing has changed in Communist ide­ dent Roosevelt and your Congress recognized documentary assurances of detente?" ology. The goals are the same as they were. the system as being op.e worthy of diplomatic Yet, official Washington wanted to hear Let me take the liberty of making a short recognition, of friendship and of assistance. none of this. The New York Times of historical survey of relations which in differ­ This was the beginning of the friendship and, July 2 reported that-- ent periods have been called trade, stabiliza­ ultimately, of the military alliance. tion, recognition, detente. These relations The scope .and the direction of my speech A White House official said today that are at least 40 years old. President Ford had refused to meet with today does not permit me to say much about Let me remind you with what sort of sys­ prerevolutionary Russia. I just want to cite Alexandr Solzhenitsyn on advice from the tem the Communists started. They came to Na.tional Security Council. for the sake of comparison a number of fig­ power by an abhorrent uprising. They drove ures which you can read for yourself in "The President Ford, who has entertained away the constituent assembly. They intro­ Gulag Archipelago," Volume I, which has the representatives of totalitarian re­ duced the Cheka and shooting and execu­ been published.in the United States: gimes with the blood of thousands upon tions without trial; they crushed workers' In accordance with the calculation of the strikes; they plundered the villages, and specialists of the most precise, objective sta­ their hands, could not see fit to nieet they crushed the peasants in the bloodiest tistics in {h.e prer~volutionary Russia--dur­ even briefly with a man who has suffered possible way. ing the 80 years before the Revolution, the at the hands of such tyrants. Is the They crushed the church. They brought 20 years of the revolutionary movements when American hand of friendship to be ex­ provinces of our country into a condition of there were attempts on the Czar's life-about tended to tyrannical governments and famine-this was the famous Volga. famine 17 persons a year were executed. not to its victims? of 1921. The famous Spanish Inquisition, at the Alexandr Solzhenitsyn has met the A very typical Communist technique: to height, destroyed perhaps 10 persons a same fate in Washington that earlier seize power without thinking of the fact month. that the productive forces will collapse, that In the "Archipelago," I cite the book which prophetic figures met at the hands of the the villages will stop producing, the factories was published by Chekhov in 1920. In 1918, political leaders of their own day. It is will stop, that the country will go into pov­ in 1919, it gives a proud report of revolution­ my hope that the U.S. Congress will in­ erty and famine, and when poverty and ary activity that executed, without trial, vite this brave man to speak to a joint hunger come, then they request the human­ more than 1,000 persons a mon~h. session of Congress. It is also my hope itarian world to help it. And at the height of Stalin's teITor in '37, that President Ford will take the counsel We see this in Northern Vietnam today, '38, if we divided the number of persons ex­ of his conscience rather than that of his and almost in Portugal a-s well, and the same ecuted by the number of months, we will get was happening in Russia in 1921. more than 40,000 per month. These are the advisers and invite Mr. Solzhenitsyn to Civil war, which was started by the Com­ figures: 17 a year, more than 10 a month, the White House for a visit. munists, was a slogan of the Communists. more than 1,000 a month, more than 40,000 I wish to share with my colleagues When they got the country into a civil war, a month. This is how progressed what in a portion of the text of Mr. Solzhenit­ they they a-sked America: "Help feed our Russia was being called conservatism. syn's address, delivered in Washington, hungry." What made it possible fO'r the democratic D.C., on June 30, 1975, and insert it into And generous and magnanimous America West to form an alliance with the Russia of the RECORD at this time: did feed their hungry. The so-called Ameri­ those years and with this country, the So­ can Relief Administration was set up, headed viet Union? The entire united democracy of SOLZHENITSYN-WORDS OF WARNING TO by your future President Hoover, and indeed, the world-England, France, United Stat2s, AMERICA many millions of Russian lives were saved. Canada, Australia and other _small coun­ (By Alexandr Solzhenitsyn) But what sort of gratitude did you receive tries-entered into a military alliance with (It was a dramatic warning to all the for this? Not only have the Communists tried the Soviet Union in 1941. How is· this to be world-and to Americans in particular-that to erase this whole event from the popular explained? How can we understand this? Nobel Prize winner Alexandr Solzhenitsyn memory so it's almost impossible today in The first explanation we can offer is that delivered in Washington, D.C., on June 30. the Soviet press to find any reference to the perhaps it means that the entire united In his first major public address since his American Relief Administration, they even democracies of the world were too weak to expulsion from the Soviet Union in 1974, the started to accuse you of a clever scheme of fight just o~e Germany alone. Hitler alone. author stripped bare the crimes and excesses American imperialism to set up a spy net­ If this is the, case, then it is a terrible por­ in his native Russia-and denounced the work in Russia. tent. It's a terr"lble prophecy for the present West for a "senseless process of endless con­ I continue: This was the system which in­ day. If all these countries together could cessions to aggressors" in the Kremlin. troduced concentration camps for the first not defeat one little Germany at the tim~ of The 90-minute address, delivered extem­ time in the history of the world. It's a system Hitler, what are they going to do today, when poraneo"usly in Russian, was translated as which in the twentieth century was the first more than one half of the globe is flooded Solzhenitsyn spoke. In places where his to introduce a system of hostages, that is to with totalita,rianism? meaning was unmistakable but the transla­ say, not to seize the person whom they were I don't want to accept this explanation. tion awkward or uncertain, the language has seeking, but rather his family or anyone any­ Then perhaps the second explanation: that been clarified for the following text.) where near him, and shoot this person. this was simply an attacak of panic, of fear Something which is almost incomprehen­ This system of hostages and the persecu­ of the statesmen of the day. They simply sible to the human mind is the West's fan­ tion of families exists to this day. It is today didn't have sufficient confidence in them­ tastic greed for profit and gain, which goes their most powerful weapon of persecution selves, didn't ha.ye.the strength of spirit, and beyond all reason, all limitations, all con­ because the bravest person, who is not afraid in this confused state, decided to enter into science. for himself, will still shiver at the threat to an alllance with the Soviet totalitarianism. I have to admit that Lenin foretold this his family. Or finally, the t-hird explanation is that whole process. Lenin, who spent most of his This is the system which was the first­ this was a deliberate device. Democracy did life in the West and knew it much better long before Hitler-to use false registration. not want to defend itself, it wanted to de­ than Russia, always said that the Western Namely, they would order such and such peo­ fend itself by means of another totalitarian capitalists would do anything to supply the ple to come in to register. People would come system: th~ Soviet. totalitarian system. I am Soviet economy-"They will fight with each in. At that point, they are taken away to be not talking now about the moral evolution other to sell us goods cheaper and sell them annihilated. of this-I'm going to talk about that later­ quicker so that we'll buy from one rather They didn't have gas chambers in those but purely in.ter.r;ns of common calculations. than from the other." days. They used barges. Hundreds and thou­ How nearsighted is that? What profound And in the difficult moments of a party sands of persons were put into these barges self-deception· is that? meeting in Moscow he said: "Comrades, and the barges were sunk. It's a system which We have a Russian proverb: Do not call a don't worry when things are hard with us. exterminated all other parties, and let me·ask wolf to help yott agai:µst the dogs. If the dogs July 15, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22925 aro attacking you, fight against the dogs. For a long time, I couldn't understand this. nanimous, thb most generous country in the Fight against the dogs, but do not call the We couldn't understand the flabbiness of world. Wherever there is a fl.ood, an earth• wolf to help you. Because when the wolves this truce which was conducted in Vietnam. quake, a. fire, a natural disaster, disease, who come, they will consume or chase away the Any average Soviet citizen understood that is the first to help? The United States. dogs, but they will tear you apart as well. this was a sly device which made it possible And what do we hear in response? Re­ The world democracy could have de­ for Northern Vietnam to take over Southern proaches, condemnation, swear words, "Yan­ feated one totalitarian regime after a.nother­ Vietnam when it so chooses. And suddenly, kee go home!" American [information) cen­ t he German, then the Soviet. Instead, it this is being rewarded by the Nobel Prize ters are being destroyed-being burned-and strengthened the Soviet totalitarianism, had for peace? A tragic and ironic peace. the representatives of the "third world" helped to bring into existence a. third totali­ This is a very dangerous sentiment, which jump up on the table to vote against the tarianism, that of China-all this finally pre­ may arise as a. result of this 30 years' re­ United States. cipitated the present world situation. treat. The feel for the world that comes as But this does not xeduce the load on Roosevelt in Teheran, during one of his last a result of it is to give in as quickly as pos­ America's shoulders. The cou1-se of history, toasts, made this statement. He said: "I do sible, to give up as quickly as possible, and whether you like it or not, has made you the not doubt that the three of us"-meaning to get peace and quiet at any cost. leaders in the world. Your country can no Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin-"that we Many papers in the west have written: 1onger afford to think provincially. Your po­ lead our peoples in accordance with their Let's hurry up and end the bloodshed in Vi.et­ litical leaders cannot think only about their desires, in accordance with their aims." nam and have national unity there. State, only about their party, about small How are we to explain this? Well, we'll One of your lea.ding newspapers, after the situations. You must think about the whole leave it to the historians. We at the time end of Vietnam, gave a. full, big headline: world. And when a new political crisis in the listened, and we were astonished. "The Blessed Silence." I would not wish world aric;es-and I think that we have just We in the Russian Army thought when we that kind of blessed silence on my worst come to the end of a very acute crisis and the reach Europe we will meet the Americans, enemy. I would not wish that kind of na­ next one will come any moment--the main and we will tell them. I was in those troops tional unity upon my worst enemy. decisions will fall on the shoulders of the which were marching toward Elbe. A little bit I have spent 11 years in the "archipelago." United States of America. more and I would have reached Elbe, and And for half of my lifetime I have studied Allow me to quote what I have heard here: would have shaken the hand of the front this question. Looking at this terrible tragedy "It is impossible to protect those who do not troops of the United States Army. But a little in Vietnam from a distance, I can tell you: have the will to defend themselves." before then, I was taken off to the prison, and A million persons will be exterminated. Four I agree with that. But I must say this was my meeting did not take place. But now, with to 5 million-in accordance with the scale said about Vietnam. In one half of today's this great delay, here I am to tell you, as a of Vietnam-will spend time in concentra­ Europe and in three quarters of today's friend of the United States, what as friends tion camps and will be rebuilding Vietnam. world, the ·will to defend itself is even less we wanted to tell you then, but which our What is happening in Cambodia you al­ than it was in Southern Vietnam. soldiers were prevented from telling you on ready know. It is genocide. It is full and One hears: "We cannot defend those who the Elbe. complete destruction, but in a new form. cannot defend themselves with their own There is another Russian proverb: The Once again, the technology is not up to human resources, with their own manpower." enemy is the yes man, but the friends will building gas chambers, so in a few hours the But, against the powers of tota.lita.rlanism­ argue with you. It is precisely for that rea­ entire capital city, the guilty capital city is when all of this power is thrown against a son that I have come to tell you, my friends. emptied out--old people, women, children country-no country can defend itself with I'm not· going to tell you sweet words. The are driven out without belongings, without its own resources. situation in the world is not just dangerous. food. Go, die! We are to1d: "It is not possible to protect It isn't just threatening. It is catastrophic. Now we hear voices in your country and in ·those who do not have full democracy." This . Something that is incomprehensible to the. the West: Give _up Korea and we will live in is the most 1·emarkable argument of the lot. ordinary human mind has ta.ken place. We, peace. Give up Portugal, of course. Give i:p This is the leitmotiv I read in your news­ over there-the powerless, average Soviet Japan, give up Israel, give up Taiwan, Philip­ papers and I hear in the speeches of some people-couldn't understand year after year, pines, Malaysia, Tha.lland, 10 African coun­ of your political leaders. Who in the world, and decade after decade, what is happening. tries. Just let us live peaceably. on the front lines of defense against totali­ England, France, the United States-the Give us the possibility to continue driving tarianism, ever has been able to sustain full states which were victorious in the second our beautiful cars on our splendid highways. democracy? You? The United States? World War-the victorious states have to dic­ Make it possible for us to play tennis and Even the united democracies of the world tate the peace and they have to receive good golf. Let us mix our cocktails as we are ac­ were not able to do it--America., England, conditions, firm conditions, and create an customed to doing. Let us see the beautiful, Canada, Australia. With the first danger of existence which accords with their philoso­ toothy smile in the glass on every advertise• Hitlerism, you stretched the hand out to phy, with their concept of liberty, their con­ ment page of a magazine. Stalin. cept of national interest. But this is how things a.re turning out to It ls also said that "if the Soviet Union Instead of this, your statesmen of the be. It is turning out to be that now, in the is going to use detente for its own ends, then West, for some inexplicable reason, signed West, all this has become a means of accus­ we"-But what will happen then? The Soviet one capitulation after another. And your ing the United States. Union has used detente in its own interest, President Roosevelt did not pose any condi­ Now in the West we hear many voices ls using it now, a.nd will continue to use it tions to the Soviet Union before he gave which say it is the fault of America. And in its own interest. them unlimited aid. here I must decisively state that I must de­ For example, in China. and in the Soviet In Yalta, without any need for it, the oc­ fend the United States against these accusa­ Union they're both participating in detente, cupation of Mongolia, Moldavia, Esthonia, tions. I have to sav that the United States, buli they have grabbed three countries ot Latvia, Lithuania. were recognized. Immedi­ of all the countries of the west, ls the least Indo-Cblna in a quiet way. True, perhaps a.s ately after that, almost nothing was done to guilty in all this. It has done the most in a consolation, they will send you a table­ protect Ea.stern Europe, and seven or eight order to prevent it. tennis team! countries of Eastern Europe were also sur- The United States helped Europe to win Yea.rs ago, the Soviet Union sent you the 1·endered. the first and the second World War. It lifted pilots who at one time crossed the North Stalin had demanded that the Soviet citi­ up Europe from the disaster of destruction of the war, twice. For 10, 20, 30 years, it has Pole on the way to America.. I remember zens who did not want to return home be stood as a shield protecting Europe while very well the year-this was June of 1937- handed over to him. And the Western coun­ European countries were counting their when the Russian pilots accomplished their tries then handed over 1.5 million human pennies, and were trying to find a. means of heroic flight a.cross the North Pole and land­ beings-by force. English soldiers were kill­ not paying their standing armies, or better ed in the State of Washington. This was the ing Russians who did not want to become yet, not to have them at all. How not to pay year when Stalin had executed more than prisoners of Stalin, and pushed them by 40,000 persons a month and Stalin knew for the armaments. How to leave NATO, what he was doing. The pilots were herolc­ force to Stalin to be exterminated. knowing that in any case the United States nobody will say anything against them-but How could the Western democracies have will protect them. These countries with this was a show, a show to distract you from done this? And immediately after that came thousands of years of civilization and cul­ the real events of 1937. the other 30 yea.rs that followed-the con· ture-these countries have begun this, even And what is the occasion now? Is it a.n sta.nt retreat, the surrender of one country though they are closer and they should be anniversary, 38 years? Is 38 years some kind aftel' another, up to the point where now, able to sort the situation out better. of an anniversary? No, simply they have to in Africa, there are Soviet satellite coun­ I have come to your continent. For two cover up Vietnam, and once again those tries; almost all of Asia ls taken over by months I have been traveling in its wide­ pilots were sent here. The Chka.lov Memo­ them; Portugal is rolling down into the open spaces. Here you do not feel the near­ rial was inaugurated in the State of Wash­ precipice. During the 30 years, more was ness of it all, the immediacy of it all. And ington. Chka.lov is a. hero and 1s worthy of surrendered to totalitarianism than ever­ here it is possible to miscalculate. Here you a memorial. But, in order to present the ever in the world history after any war had must make a spiritual effort to understand true picture, behind the memorial there any defeated country surrendered. the situation. should have been a wall, and on it there There was no war, but there might as well The United States of America, for a long should have been a. base-relief showing the have been. time, has shown itself to be the most mag- execution, showing the skulls and bones.