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JP 3-09.1 Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Laser Joint Pub 3-09.1 Joint Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Laser Designation Operations 28 May 1999 PREFACE 1. Scope 3. Application This publication provides joint tactics, a. Doctrine and selected tactics, techniques, and procedures for employing techniques, and procedures and guidance light amplification by stimulated emission of established in this publication apply to the radiation (laser) target designators, laser commanders of combatant commands, acquisition devices, and laser-guided subunified commands, joint task forces, and munitions. It describes joint laser planning, subordinate components of these commands. coordination procedures, capabilities, and These principles and guidance also may apply limitations. when significant forces of one Service are attached to forces of another Service or when 2. Purpose significant forces of one Service support forces of another Service. This publication has been prepared under the direction of the Chairman of the Joint b. The guidance in this publication is Chiefs of Staff. It sets forth doctrine and authoritative; as such, this doctrine (or JTTP) selected joint tactics, techniques, and will be followed except when, in the judgment procedures (JTTP) to govern the joint of the commander, exceptional circumstances activities and performance of the Armed dictate otherwise. If conflicts arise between Forces of the United States in joint operations the contents of this publication and the and provides the doctrinal basis for US contents of Service publications, this military involvement in multinational and publication will take precedence for the interagency operations. It provides military activities of joint forces unless the Chairman guidance for the exercise of authority by of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, normally in combatant commanders and other joint coordination with the other members of the force commanders and prescribes doctrine Joint Chiefs of Staff, has provided more and selected tactics, techniques, and current and specific guidance. Commanders procedures for joint operations and training. of forces operating as part of a multinational It provides military guidance for use by the (alliance or coalition) military command Armed Forces in preparing their appropriate should follow multinational doctrine and plans. It is not the intent of this publication to procedures ratified by the United States. For restrict the authority of the joint force doctrine and procedures not ratified by the commander (JFC) from organizing the force United States, commanders should evaluate and executing the mission in a manner the JFC and follow the multinational command’s deems most appropriate to ensure unity of doctrine and procedures where applicable and effort in the accomplishment of the overall where consistent with US policies and mission. procedures. For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: V. E. CLARK Vice Admiral, US Navy Director, Joint Staff i Preface Intentionally Blank ii Joint Pub 3-09.1 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................... vii CHAPTER I CONCEPT • Introduction .............................................................................................................. I-1 • Laser Use on the Battlefield ...................................................................................... I-1 • Laser Target Acquisition ........................................................................................... I-3 • Friendly Forces Safety Considerations ...................................................................... I-4 CHAPTER II PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS • Laser Designator Characteristics .............................................................................. II-1 • Environmental Considerations ................................................................................. II-7 • Seeker Characteristics .............................................................................................. II-8 • Seeker Types ............................................................................................................ II-9 • Target Types............................................................................................................. II-9 • Designator Operator Positioning Considerations .................................................... II-10 • Offset Laser Designation ........................................................................................ II-10 • Delayed Laser Designation for LGBs ..................................................................... II-10 • Delayed Laser Designation for HELLFIRE ............................................................ II-11 • Redundant Laser Designation ................................................................................. II-11 • Laser Systems Descriptions .................................................................................... II-12 CHAPTER III PROCEDURES • General Procedures ................................................................................................ III-1 • Laser Designation for Artillery ............................................................................... III-4 • Laser Designation for CAS .................................................................................... III-6 • Rotary-Wing Close Air Support ............................................................................ III-14 • Laser Designation for Non-CAS Air Attacks......................................................... III-16 CHAPTER IV LASER CODES • Introduction ........................................................................................................... IV-1 • Management of Coded Laser Systems .................................................................... IV-1 • Laser Coding in Conjunction With LGBs. .............................................................. IV-2 • Coding Prioritization .............................................................................................. IV-2 iii Table of Contents CHAPTER V SAFETY • General ................................................................................................................... V-1 • Laser Eye Safety ..................................................................................................... V-1 • Fratricide ................................................................................................................ V-2 • Organizational Safety Considerations ...................................................................... V-3 APPENDIX A Laser Equipment Descriptions .......................................................................... A-1 B Procedures Guide ............................................................................................... B-1 C CAS Briefing Form (9-line) ............................................................................... C-1 D LGB and LLLGB Delivery Profiles .................................................................. D-1 E Laser Protocol .................................................................................................... E-1 F References ......................................................................................................... F-1 G Administrative Instructions ............................................................................... G-1 GLOSSARY Part I Abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................... GL-1 Part II Terms and Definitions .............................................................................. GL-4 FIGURE I-1 Infrared Electromagnetic Spectrum .............................................................. I-5 II-1 Mirrorlike Reflections (Perpendicular) ........................................................ II-2 II-2 Mirrorlike Reflections (Angular) ................................................................ II-2 II-3 Scattered Reflections .................................................................................. II-2 II-4 Laser Spillover ........................................................................................... II-3 II-5 Target Reflections (Perpendicular) .............................................................. II-3 II-6 Target Reflections (Angular)....................................................................... II-4 II-7 Vertical Reflections (Detectable) ................................................................. II-4 II-8 Podium Effect ............................................................................................. II-5 II-9 Reflections in a Chosen Direction ............................................................... II-5 III-1 Aircraft Delivery of Laser-Guided Munitions ........................................... III-2 III-2 Minimum Safe Altitudes for Aircraft Above the 20° Safety Zone ............. III-2 III-3 Example of Safety Zone and Optimal Attack Zones .................................. III-3 III-4 HELLFIRE Designator Exclusion Zone .................................................. III-17 A-1 Laser-Guided Weapons .............................................................................. A-2 A-2 Airborne Platforms With Coded Laser Target Designators ......................... A-3 A-3 Ground Systems With Coded Laser Target Designators ............................. A-3 A-4 Airborne Platforms With Coded Laser Acquisition and/or Spot Trackers ... A-4 A-A-1 Fixed-Wing Aircraft Capabilities ..........................................................
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