DOCSLIB.ORG

Phylogenetics, Comparative Parasitology, and Host Affinities of Chipmunk Sucking Lice and Pinworms Kayce Bell

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phylogenetics, Comparative Parasitology, and Host Affinities of Chipmunk Sucking Lice and Pinworms Kayce Bell University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Biology ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 7-1-2016 Coevolving histories inside and out: phylogenetics, comparative parasitology, and host affinities of chipmunk sucking lice and pinworms Kayce Bell Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds Recommended Citation Bell, Kayce. "Coevolving histories inside and out: phylogenetics, comparative parasitology, and host affinities of chipmunk sucking lice and pinworms." (2016). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/120 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Kayce C. Bell Candidate Department of Biology Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Dr. Joseph A. Cook , Chairperson Dr. John R. Demboski Dr. Irene Salinas Dr. Kenneth Whitney Dr. Jessica Light i COEVOLVING HISTORIES INSIDE AND OUT: PHYLOGENETICS, COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY, AND HOST AFFINITIES OF CHIPMUNK SUCKING LICE AND PINWORMS by KAYCE C. BELL B.S., Biology, Idaho State University, 2003 M.S., Biology, Idaho State University, 2006 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Biology The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico July 2016 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Completion of my degree and this dissertation would not have been possible without the guidance and support of my mentors, family, and friends. Dr. Joseph Cook first introduced me to phylogeography and parasites as undergraduate and has proven time and again to be the best advisor a graduate student could ask for. His encouragement and mentoring have prepared me for a future in research and given me an exceptional appreciation of museums and fieldwork. Dr. John Demboski not only served on my committee, he brought me into the wonderful world of chipmunk research and has provided valuable input and a wealth of chipmunk knowledge. I am very grateful for the parasite expertise of Dr. Jessica Light and Dr. Eric Hoberg. Through their guidance I learned about louse and pinworm biology and how my research fits into the broader scheme of parasite research. Dr. Julia Allen has provided so much bioinformatic support, but more importantly has been a patient teacher. In addition to Dr. Cook, Dr. Demboski, and Dr. Light, I thank my additional committee members, Dr. Irene Salinas and Dr. Kenneth Whitney, for their input and time. My Ph.D. research spanned multiple areas of biology and my committee has provided encouragement and knowledge, particularly in areas where I am less well versed. Many people assisted on this project in the field and in the lab. I am grateful for field assistance from Daniel Kessler, Bryan McLean, Randle McCain, Schuyler Liphardt, Lois Alexander, Patty McDonald, Wayne Bell, Jessicia Campbell, and Iris Demboski. I was assisted in the lab by Kendall Calhoun, Diego Matek, and Schuyler Liphardt. Samples were collected from museum study skins by Diego Matek, Bryan McLean, and Mrs. Suzy Dunnum’s 2014 7th grade gifted life sciences classes. This work would not iii have been possible without museum samples from the Burke Museum of Natural History, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Monte L. Bean Life Sciences Museum, Moore Laboratory of Zoology, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Natural Science Research Laboratory, Royal Ontario Museum, and United States National Museum of Natural History. Additionally, James Patton, Eric Rickart, Duke Rogers, and Angela Hornsby collected samples in the field and sent them to me. Lastly, but most importantly, my family has taken care of me and given unconditional support during my graduate career. My husband Daniel Kessler has been unbelievably understanding about the work hours and time away and can always be counted on for an adventure when I need a break. My parents, Patty McDonald, Wayne Bell, Billie McDonald, and Lorraine Bell have been my role models and seen my potential, even when I may not have. My siblings, Jessicia Campbell, Meredith Bell, Nichole Schwend, and Sara McDonald have helped with fieldwork and are always there for a much-needed outside perspective. iv COEVOLVING HISTORIES INSIDE AND OUT: PHYLOGENETICS, COMPARATIVE PARASITOLOGY, AND HOST AFFINITIES OF CHIPMUNK SUCKING LICE AND PINWORMS by Kayce C. Bell B.S. Biology, Idaho State University M.S. Biology, Idaho State University Ph.D., Biology, University of New Mexico ABSTRACT Diversification of parasite species, in light of their host association, is an area ripe for testing hypotheses of evolution when one species requires another for survival. The 23 species of western North American chipmunks (genus Tamias) host two species of ectoparasitic sucking lice (Anoplura) and two species of endoparasitic pinworms (Nematoda). I used a phylogenetic approach to investigate the evolutionary histories of the parasites in light of the hosts and the landscape. In comparing the parasites, I found that the two pinworm species have similar diversification patterns, linked to hosts, but those processes occurred on different time scales. As another paired investigation, the chipmunk sucking lice revealed some lineages that correspond to host relationships, but the lice have different histories from the hosts, as well as each other. Overall, this system demonstrates that parasite diversification cannot be explained as a simple process of codivergence and that parasite evolution, even when comparing parasites from the same hosts and ecological roles, is complex and the history is unique to each species. While I found a role for hosts, host demographic history, and landscape in shaping genetic structure in all four parasites, these processes impacted each parasite species differently. v TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………...1 Literature Cited…………………………………………………………………....6 CHAPTER 1: Expanded Host Range of Sucking Lice and Pinworms of Western North American Chipmunks (Genus Tamias) …………………………………………………...7 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………....7 Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………14 Literature Cited…………………………………………………………………..15 Tables………………………………………………………………………….…20 Figure Legend.…………………………………………………………………...24 Figure………………………………………………………………………….…25 Supplement………………………………………………………………………26 CHAPTER 2: Temporal and spatial mosaics: deep host association and shallow geographic drivers shape genetic structure in a widespread pinworm, Rauschtineria eutamii………………………………...…………………………………………….....…36 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………..37 Introduction……………………………………………………………………....38 Materials and Methods…………………………………………………………...42 Results…………………………………………………………………………....45 Discussion………………………………………………………………………..47 Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………....55 References……………………………………………………………………….56 Figure Legends…………………………………………………………………..67 vi Tables…………………………………………………………………………….68 Figures……………………………………………………………………………70 Appendices……………………………………………………………………….74 Supplemental Figure Legends……………………………………………………79 Supplemental Tables……………………………………………………………..80 Supplemental Figures……………………………………………………………83 CHAPTER 3: Multiple parasites show deep, but asynchronous, concordance in diversification that contrasts with shallow phylogeographic structure………….……….85 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………..85 Introduction……………………………………………………………………....85 Methods…………………………………………………………………………..91 Results…………………………………………………………………………....96 Discussion………………………………………………………………………101 Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………..113 Literature Cited…………………………………………………………………114 Figure Legends…………………………………………………………………125 Tables…………………………………………………………………………...127 Figures…………………………………………………………………………..129 Supplemental Figure Legends…………………………………………………..134 Supplemental Tables……………………………………………………………135 Supplemental Figures…………………………………………………………..138 Appendices……………………………………………………………………..141 vii CHAPTER 4: Disentangling lousey relationships: a phylogenomic perspective on host and parasite diversification………….……………………………………………….…150 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………150 Introduction……………………………………………………………………..151 Methods…………………………………………………………………………153 Results…………………………………………………………………………..158 Discussion………………………………………………………………………161 Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………..165 Literature Cited…………………………………………………………………166 Figure Legends…………………………………………………………………171 Figures…………………………………………………………………………..172 CONCLUSION….……………………………………………………………………...177 Literature Cited…………………………………………………………………179 viii INTRODUCTION The evolution of interacting species and their selective influence on one another has interested biologists for some time; even Darwin (1859) described it in On the Origin of Species. In the past, coevolutionary investigations generally expected cospeciation when the interaction is sufficiently tightly linked for one species to require the other. However, biologists are discovering that the evolution of interacting organisms is more nuanced than simplistic assumptions about cospeciation. In fact, some have even questioned if classic examples of host-parasite codivergence, such as gophers and chewing lice (Hafner and Nadler 1988, 1990), were robustly assessed (Brooks et al. 2015). While this overturns a paradigm of coevolutionary thought, it leaves many open questions of how interacting organisms
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Mitochondrial Genome of the Guanaco Louse, Microthoracius Praelongiceps: Insights Into the Ancestral Mitochondrial Karyotype of Sucking Lice (Anoplura, Insecta)
    GBE The Mitochondrial Genome of the Guanaco Louse, Microthoracius praelongiceps: Insights into the Ancestral Mitochondrial Karyotype of Sucking Lice (Anoplura, Insecta) Renfu Shao1,*, Hu Li2, Stephen C. Barker3, and Simon Song1,* 1GeneCology Research Centre, School of Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia 2Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China 3Parasitology Section, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia *Corresponding authors: E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]. Accepted: January 31, 2017 Data deposition: The nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the guanaco louse, Microthoracius praelongiceps, has been deposited at GenBank (accession numbers KX090378–KX090389). Abstract Fragmented mitochondrial (mt) genomes have been reported in 11 species of sucking lice (suborder Anoplura) that infest humans, chimpanzees, pigs, horses, and rodents. There is substantial variation among these lice in mt karyotype: the number of minichromo- somes of a species ranges from 9 to 20; the number of genes in a minichromosome ranges from 1 to 8; gene arrangement in a minichromosome differs between species, even in the same genus. We sequenced the mt genome of the guanaco louse, Microthoracius praelongiceps, to help establish the ancestral mt karyotype for sucking lice and understand how fragmented mt genomes evolved. The guanaco louse has 12 mt minichromosomes; each minichromosome has 2–5 genes and a non-coding region. The guanaco louse shares many features with rodent lice in mt karyotype, more than with other sucking lice. The guanaco louse, however, is more closely related phylogenetically to human lice, chimpanzee lice, pig lice, and horse lice than to rodent lice.
    [Show full text]
  • Investigations on the Abundance of Ectoparasites and Vector-Borne Pathogens in Southwest Madagascar
    Investigations on the abundance of ectoparasites and vector-borne pathogens in southwest Madagascar Dissertation with the aim of achieving a doctoral degree at the Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences Department of Biology University of Hamburg submitted by Julian Ehlers Hamburg, 2020 Reviewers: Prof. Dr. Jörg Ganzhorn, Universität Hamburg PD Dr. Andreas Krüger, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Date of oral defense: 19.06.2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents Summary 1 Zusammenfassung 3 Chapter 1: General introduction 5 Chapter 2: Ectoparasites of endemic and domestic animals in 33 southwest Madagascar Chapter 3: Molecular detection of Rickettsia spp., Borrelia spp., 63 Bartonella spp. and Yersinia pestis in ectoparasites of endemic and domestic animals in southwest Madagascar Chapter 4: General discussion 97 SUMMARY Summary Human encroachment on natural habitats is steadily increasing due to the rapid growth of the worldwide population. The consequent expansion of agricultural land and livestock husbandry, accompanied by spreading of commensal animals, create new interspecific contact zones that are major regions of risk of the emergence of diseases and their transmission between livestock, humans and wildlife. Among the emerging diseases of the recent years those that originate from wildlife reservoirs are of outstanding importance. Many vector-borne diseases are still underrecognized causes of fever throughout the world and tend to be treated as undifferentiated illnesses. The lack of human and animal health facilities, common in rural areas, bears the risk that vector-borne infections remain unseen, especially if they are not among the most common. Ectoparasites represent an important route for disease transmission besides direct contact to infected individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Current Knowledge of Turkey's Louse Fauna
    212 Review / Derleme Current Knowledge of Turkey’s Louse Fauna Türkiye’deki Bit Faunasının Mevcut Durumu Abdullah İNCİ1, Alparslan YILDIRIM1, Bilal DİK2, Önder DÜZLÜ1 1 Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri 2 Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Türkiye ABSTRACT The current knowledge on the louse fauna of birds and mammals in Turkey has not yet been completed. Up to the present, a total of 109 species belonging to 50 genera of lice have been recorded from animals and humans, according to the morphological identifi cation. Among the avian lice, a total of 43 species belonging to 22 genera were identifi ed in Ischnocera (Philopteridae). 35 species belonging to 14 genera in Menoponidae were detected and only 1 species was found in Laemobothriidae in Amblycera. Among the mammalian lice, a total of 20 species belonging to 8 genera were identifi ed in Anoplura. 8 species belonging to 3 genera in Ischnocera were determined and 2 species belonging to 2 genera were detected in Amblycera in the mammalian lice. (Turkiye Parazitol Derg 2010; 34: 212-20) Key Words: Avian lice, mammalian lice, Turkey Received: 07.09.2010 Accepted: 01.12.2010 ÖZET Türkiye’deki kuşlarda ve memelilerde bulunan bit türlerinin mevcut durumu henüz daha tamamlanmamıştır. Bugüne kadar insan ve hay- vanlarda morfolojik olarak teşhis edilen 50 cinste 109 bit türü bildirilmiştir. Kanatlı bitleri arasında, 22 cinse ait toplam 43 tür Ischnocera’da tespit edilmiştir. Amblycera’da ise Menoponidae familyasında 14 cinste 35 tür saptanırken, Laemobothriidae familyasında yalnızca bir tür bulunmuştur. Memeli bitleri arasında Anoplura’da 8 cinste 20 tür tespit edilmiştir.
    [Show full text]
  • Chewing and Sucking Lice As Parasites of Iviammals and Birds
    c.^,y ^r-^ 1 Ag84te DA Chewing and Sucking United States Lice as Parasites of Department of Agriculture IVIammals and Birds Agricultural Research Service Technical Bulletin Number 1849 July 1997 0 jc: United States Department of Agriculture Chewing and Sucking Agricultural Research Service Lice as Parasites of Technical Bulletin Number IVIammals and Birds 1849 July 1997 Manning A. Price and O.H. Graham U3DA, National Agrioultur«! Libmry NAL BIdg 10301 Baltimore Blvd Beltsvjlle, MD 20705-2351 Price (deceased) was professor of entomoiogy, Department of Ento- moiogy, Texas A&iVI University, College Station. Graham (retired) was research leader, USDA-ARS Screwworm Research Laboratory, Tuxtia Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico. ABSTRACT Price, Manning A., and O.H. Graham. 1996. Chewing This publication reports research involving pesticides. It and Sucking Lice as Parasites of Mammals and Birds. does not recommend their use or imply that the uses U.S. Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin No. discussed here have been registered. All uses of pesti- 1849, 309 pp. cides must be registered by appropriate state or Federal agencies or both before they can be recommended. In all stages of their development, about 2,500 species of chewing lice are parasites of mammals or birds. While supplies last, single copies of this publication More than 500 species of blood-sucking lice attack may be obtained at no cost from Dr. O.H. Graham, only mammals. This publication emphasizes the most USDA-ARS, P.O. Box 969, Mission, TX 78572. Copies frequently seen genera and species of these lice, of this publication may be purchased from the National including geographic distribution, life history, habitats, Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, ecology, host-parasite relationships, and economic Springfield, VA 22161.
    [Show full text]
  • Detection of Bartonella and Rickettsia in Small Mammals and Their Ectoparasites in México
    THERYA, 2019, Vol. 10 (2): 69-79 DOI: 10.12933/therya-19-722 ISSN 2007-3364 Detection of Bartonella and Rickettsia in small mammals and their ectoparasites in México SOKANI SÁNCHEZ-MONTES1, MARTÍN YAIR CABRERA-GARRIDO2, CÉSAR A. RÍOS-MUÑOZ1, 3, ALI ZELTZIN LIRA-OLGUIN2; ROXANA ACOSTA-GUTIÉRREZ2, MARIO MATA-GALINDO1, KEVIN HERNÁNDEZ-VILCHIS1, D. MELISSA NAVARRETE-SOTELO1, PABLO COLUNGA-SALAS1, 2, LIVIA LEÓN-PANIAGUA2 AND INGEBORG BECKER1* 1 Centro de Medicina Tropical, Unidad de Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Dr. Balmis 148, CP. 06726, Ciudad de México. México. Email: [email protected] (SSM), [email protected] (CARM), [email protected] (MMG), [email protected] (KHV), [email protected] (MNS), colungasalas@ gmail.com (PCS), [email protected] (IB). 2 Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera”, Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Avenida Universidad 3000, CP. 04510, Ciudad de México México. Email: [email protected]. mx (MYCG), [email protected] (AZLO), [email protected] (RAG), [email protected] (PCS), llp@ ciencias.unam.mx (LLP). 3 Laboratorio de Arqueozoología, Subdirección de Laboratorios y Apoyo Académico, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia. Moneda 16, CP. 06060, Ciudad de México. México. Email: [email protected] (CARM). * Corresponding author. Fleas and sucking lice are important vectors of multiple pathogens causing major epidemics worldwide. However these insects are vec- tors of a wide range of largely understudied and unattended pathogens, especially several species of bacteria’s of the genera Bartonella and Rickettsia. For this reason the aim of the present work was to identify the presence and diversity of Bartonella and Rickettsia species in endemic murine typhus foci in Hidalgo, México.
    [Show full text]
  • PROCEEDINGS of the OKLAHOMA ACADEMY of SCIENCE Volume 98 2018
    PROCEEDINGS of the OKLAHOMA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Volume 98 2018 EDITOR: Mostafa Elshahed Production Editor: Tammy Austin Business Manager: T. David Bass The Official Organ of the OKLAHOMA ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Which was established in 1909 for the purpose of stimulating scientific research; to promote fraternal relationships among those engaged in scientific work in Oklahoma; to diffuse among the citizens of the State a knowledge of the various departments of science; and to investigate and make known the material, educational, and other resources of the State. Affiliated with the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Publication Date: January 2019 ii POLICIES OF THE PROCEEDINGS The Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy of Science contains papers on topics of interest to scientists. The goal is to publish clear communications of scientific findings and of matters of general concern for scientists in Oklahoma, and to serve as a creative outlet for other scientific contributions by scientists. ©2018 Oklahoma Academy of Science The Proceedings of the Oklahoma Academy Base and/or other appropriate repository. of Science contains reports that describe the Information necessary for retrieval of the results of original scientific investigation data from the repository will be specified in (including social science). Papers are received a reference in the paper. with the understanding that they have not been published previously or submitted for 4. Manuscripts that report research involving publication elsewhere. The papers should be human subjects or the use of materials of significant scientific quality, intelligible to a from human organs must be supported by broad scientific audience, and should represent a copy of the document authorizing the research conducted in accordance with accepted research and signed by the appropriate procedures and scientific ethics (proper subject official(s) of the institution where the work treatment and honesty).
    [Show full text]
  • Associated with Rodents Distributed in the Neotropical Region of Mexico Revista Mexicana De Biodiversidad, Vol
    Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad ISSN: 1870-3453 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Sánchez-Montes, Sokani; Guzmán-Cornejo, Carmen; Ramírez-Corona, Fabiola; León- Paniagua, Livia Anoplurans (Insecta: Psocodea: Anoplura) associated with rodents distributed in the neotropical region of Mexico Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, vol. 87, núm. 2, junio, 2016, pp. 427-435 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Distrito Federal, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=42546735014 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87 (2016) 427–435 www.ib.unam.mx/revista/ Ecology Anoplurans (Insecta: Psocodea: Anoplura) associated with rodents distributed in the neotropical region of Mexico Anopluros (Insecta: Psocodea: Anoplura) asociados con roedores en la región neotropical de México a,b a,∗ c Sokani Sánchez-Montes , Carmen Guzmán-Cornejo , Fabiola Ramírez-Corona , d Livia León-Paniagua a Laboratorio de Acarología, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, 04510 México, D.F., Mexico b Laboratorio de Inmunoparasitología, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina
    [Show full text]
  • Arthropods of Public Health Significance in California
    ARTHROPODS OF PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE IN CALIFORNIA California Department of Public Health Vector Control Technician Certification Training Manual Category C ARTHROPODS OF PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE IN CALIFORNIA Category C: Arthropods A Training Manual for Vector Control Technician’s Certification Examination Administered by the California Department of Health Services Edited by Richard P. Meyer, Ph.D. and Minoo B. Madon M V C A s s o c i a t i o n of C a l i f o r n i a MOSQUITO and VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATION of CALIFORNIA 660 J Street, Suite 480, Sacramento, CA 95814 Date of Publication - 2002 This is a publication of the MOSQUITO and VECTOR CONTROL ASSOCIATION of CALIFORNIA For other MVCAC publications or further informaiton, contact: MVCAC 660 J Street, Suite 480 Sacramento, CA 95814 Telephone: (916) 440-0826 Fax: (916) 442-4182 E-Mail: [email protected] Web Site: http://www.mvcac.org Copyright © MVCAC 2002. All rights reserved. ii Arthropods of Public Health Significance CONTENTS PREFACE ........................................................................................................................................ v DIRECTORY OF CONTRIBUTORS.............................................................................................. vii 1 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES ..................................... Bruce F. Eldridge 1 2 FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTOMOLOGY.......................................................... Richard P. Meyer 11 3 COCKROACHES ...........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • An Annotated Checklist of the Irish Hemiptera and Small Orders
    AN ANNOTATED CHECKLIST OF THE IRISH HEMIPTERA AND SMALL ORDERS compiled by James P. O'Connor and Brian Nelson The Irish Biogeographical Society OTHER PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE FROM THE IRISH BIOGEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY OCCASIONAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE IRISH BIOGEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY (A5 FORMAT) Number 1. Proceedings of The Postglacial Colonization Conference. D. P. Sleeman, R. J. Devoy and P. C. Woodman (editors). Published 1986. 88pp. Price €4 (Please add €4 for postage outside Ireland for each publication); Number 2. Biogeography of Ireland: past, present and future. M. J. Costello and K. S. Kelly (editors). Published 1993. 149pp. Price €15; Number 3. A checklist of Irish aquatic insects. P. Ashe, J. P. O’Connor and D. A. Murray. Published 1998. 80pp. Price €7; Number 4. A catalogue of the Irish Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea). J. P. O’Connor, R. Nash and C. van Achterberg. Published 1999. 123pp. Price €6; Number 5. The distribution of the Ephemeroptera in Ireland. M. Kelly-Quinn and J. J. Bracken. Published 2000. 223pp. Price €12; Number 6. A catalogue of the Irish Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). J. P. O’Connor, R. Nash and Z. Bouček. Published 2000. 135pp. Price €10; Number 7. A catalogue of the Irish Platygastroidea and Proctotrupoidea (Hymenoptera). J. P. O’Connor, R. Nash, D. G. Notton and N. D. M. Fergusson. Published 2004. 110pp. Price €10; Number 8. A catalogue and index of the publications of the Irish Biogeographical Society (1977-2004). J. P. O’Connor. Published 2005. 74pp. Price €10; Number 9. Fauna and flora of Atlantic islands. Proceedings of the 5th international symposium on the fauna and flora of the Atlantic islands, Dublin 24 -27 August 2004.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolution of the Insects
    CY501-C08[261-330].qxd 2/15/05 11:10 PM Page 261 quark11 27B:CY501:Chapters:Chapter-08: 8 TheThe Paraneopteran Orders Paraneopteran The evolutionary history of the Paraneoptera – the bark lice, fold their wings rooflike at rest over the abdomen, but thrips true lice, thrips,Orders and hemipterans – is a history beautifully and Heteroptera fold them flat over the abdomen, which reflected in structure and function of their mouthparts. There probably relates to the structure of axillary sclerites and other is a general trend from the most generalized “picking” minute structures at the base of the wing (i.e., Yoshizawa and mouthparts of Psocoptera with standard insect mandibles, Saigusa, 2001). to the probing and puncturing mouthparts of thrips and Relationships among paraneopteran orders have been anopluran lice, and the distinctive piercing-sucking rostrum discussed by Seeger (1975, 1979), Kristensen (1975, 1991), or beak of the Hemiptera. Their mouthparts also reflect Hennig (1981), Wheeler et al. (2001), and most recently by diverse feeding habits (Figures 8.1, 8.2, Table 8.1). Basal Yoshizawa and Saigusa (2001). These studies generally agree paraneopterans – psocopterans and some basal thrips – are on the monophyly of the order Hemiptera and most of its microbial surface feeders. Thysanoptera and Hemiptera suborders and a close relationship of the true lice (order independently evolved a diet of plant fluids, but ancestral Phthiraptera) with the most basal group, the “bark lice” (Pso- heteropterans were, like basal living families, predatory coptera), which comprise the Psocodea. One major issue is insects that suction hemolymph and liquified tissues out of the position of thrips (order Thysanoptera), which either their prey.
    [Show full text]
  • Ectoparasite Communities of Small-Bodied Malagasy Primates: Seasonal and Socioecological Influences on Tick, Mite and Lice Infestation of Microcebus Murinus and M
    Klein et al. Parasites & Vectors (2018) 11:459 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3034-y RESEARCH Open Access Ectoparasite communities of small-bodied Malagasy primates: seasonal and socioecological influences on tick, mite and lice infestation of Microcebus murinus and M. ravelobensis in northwestern Madagascar Annette Klein1,2, Elke Zimmermann2, Ute Radespiel2, Frank Schaarschmidt3, Andrea Springer1 and Christina Strube1* Abstract Background: Ectoparasitic infections are of particular interest for endangered wildlife, as ectoparasites are potential vectors for inter- and intraspecific pathogen transmission and may be indicators to assess the health status of endangered populations. Here, ectoparasite dynamics in sympatric populations of two Malagasy mouse lemur species, Microcebus murinus and M. ravelobensis, were investigated over an 11-month period. Furthermore, the animals’ body mass was determined as an indicator of body condition, reflecting seasonal and environmental challenges. Living in sympatry, the two study species experience the same environmental conditions, but show distinct differences in socioecology: Microcebus murinus sleeps in tree holes, either solitarily (males) or sometimes in groups (females only), whereas M. ravelobensis sleeps in mixed-sex groups in more open vegetation. Results: Both mouse lemur species hosted ticks (Haemaphysalis sp.), lice (Lemurpediculus sp.) and mites (Trombiculidae gen. sp. and Laelaptidae gen. sp.). Host species, as well as temporal variations (month and year), were identified as the main factors influencing infestation. Tick infestation peaked in the late dry season and was significantly more often observed in M. murinus (P = 0.011), while lice infestation was more likely in M. ravelobensis (P < 0.001) and showed a continuous increase over the course of the dry season.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Parasite DNA from Late Quaternary Atacama Desert Rodent Middens
    Quaternary Science Reviews 226 (2019) 106031 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Quaternary Science Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/quascirev Ancient parasite DNA from late Quaternary Atacama Desert rodent middens * ** Jamie R. Wood a, , Francisca P. Díaz b, c, , Claudio Latorre d, e, Janet M. Wilmshurst a, f, Olivia R. Burge a, Francisco Gonzalez d, e, Rodrigo A. Gutierrez b, c a Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, PO Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand b Departamento de Genetica Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile c FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation & Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile d Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile e ~ Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), Las Palmeras, 3425, Nunoa,~ Santiago, Chile f School of Environment, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand article info abstract Article history: Paleoparasitology offers a window into prehistoric parasite faunas, and through studying time-series of Received 6 August 2019 parasite assemblages it may be possible to observe how parasites responded to past environmental or Received in revised form climate change, or habitat loss (host decline). Here, we use DNA metabarcoding to reconstruct parasite 17 October 2019 assemblages in twenty-eight ancient rodent middens (or paleomiddens) from the central Atacama Accepted 21 October 2019 Desert in northern Chile. The paleomiddens span the last 50,000 years, and include middens deposited Available online xxx before, during and after the Central Andean Pluvial Event (CAPE; 17.5e8.5 ka BP).
    [Show full text]