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SALT TOLERANT PLANTS Recommended for Pender County Landscapes
North Carolina Cooperative Extension NC STATE UNIVERSITY SALT TOLERANT PLANTS Recommended for Pender County Landscapes Pender County Cooperative Extension Urban Horticulture Leaflet 14 Coastal Challenges Plants growing at the beach are subjected to environmental conditions much different than those planted further inland. Factors such as blowing sand, poor soils, high temperatures, and excessive drainage all influence how well plants perform in coastal landscapes, though the most significant effect on growth is salt spray. Most plants will not tolerate salt accumulating on their foliage, making plant selection for beachfront land- scapes particularly challenging. Salt Spray Salt spray is created when waves break on the beach, throwing tiny droplets of salty water into the air. On-shore breezes blow this salt laden air landward where it comes in contact with plant foliage. The amount of salt spray plants receive varies depending on their proximity to the beachfront, creating different vegetation zones as one gets further away from the beachfront. The most salt-tolerant species surviving in the frontal dune area. As distance away from the ocean increases, the level of salt spray decreases, allowing plants with less salt tolerance to survive. Natural Protection The impact of salt spray on plants can be lessened by physically blocking salt laden winds. This occurs naturally in the maritime forest, where beachfront plants protect landward species by creating a layer of foliage that blocks salt spray. It is easy to see this effect on the ocean side of maritime forest plants, which are “sheared” by salt spray, causing them to grow at a slant away from the oceanfront. -
Towards Resolving Lamiales Relationships
Schäferhoff et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology 2010, 10:352 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/10/352 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Towards resolving Lamiales relationships: insights from rapidly evolving chloroplast sequences Bastian Schäferhoff1*, Andreas Fleischmann2, Eberhard Fischer3, Dirk C Albach4, Thomas Borsch5, Günther Heubl2, Kai F Müller1 Abstract Background: In the large angiosperm order Lamiales, a diverse array of highly specialized life strategies such as carnivory, parasitism, epiphytism, and desiccation tolerance occur, and some lineages possess drastically accelerated DNA substitutional rates or miniaturized genomes. However, understanding the evolution of these phenomena in the order, and clarifying borders of and relationships among lamialean families, has been hindered by largely unresolved trees in the past. Results: Our analysis of the rapidly evolving trnK/matK, trnL-F and rps16 chloroplast regions enabled us to infer more precise phylogenetic hypotheses for the Lamiales. Relationships among the nine first-branching families in the Lamiales tree are now resolved with very strong support. Subsequent to Plocospermataceae, a clade consisting of Carlemanniaceae plus Oleaceae branches, followed by Tetrachondraceae and a newly inferred clade composed of Gesneriaceae plus Calceolariaceae, which is also supported by morphological characters. Plantaginaceae (incl. Gratioleae) and Scrophulariaceae are well separated in the backbone grade; Lamiaceae and Verbenaceae appear in distant clades, while the recently described Linderniaceae are confirmed to be monophyletic and in an isolated position. Conclusions: Confidence about deep nodes of the Lamiales tree is an important step towards understanding the evolutionary diversification of a major clade of flowering plants. The degree of resolution obtained here now provides a first opportunity to discuss the evolution of morphological and biochemical traits in Lamiales. -
Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project (Cofinanced by the Global Environment Facility)
Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 39321 June 2008 PRC: Preparing the Shaanxi-Qinling Mountains Integrated Ecosystem Management Project (Cofinanced by the Global Environment Facility) Prepared by: ANZDEC Limited Australia For Shaanxi Province Development and Reform Commission This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. FINAL REPORT SHAANXI QINLING BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION AND DEMONSTRATION PROJECT PREPARED FOR Shaanxi Provincial Government And the Asian Development Bank ANZDEC LIMITED September 2007 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as at 1 June 2007) Currency Unit – Chinese Yuan {CNY}1.00 = US $0.1308 $1.00 = CNY 7.64 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BAP – Biodiversity Action Plan (of the PRC Government) CAS – Chinese Academy of Sciences CASS – Chinese Academy of Social Sciences CBD – Convention on Biological Diversity CBRC – China Bank Regulatory Commission CDA - Conservation Demonstration Area CNY – Chinese Yuan CO – company CPF – country programming framework CTF – Conservation Trust Fund EA – Executing Agency EFCAs – Ecosystem Function Conservation Areas EIRR – economic internal rate of return EPB – Environmental Protection Bureau EU – European Union FIRR – financial internal rate of return FDI – Foreign Direct Investment FYP – Five-Year Plan FS – Feasibility -
The Uses of Molecular Dating Analyses in Evolutionary Studies, with Examples from the Angiosperms
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2006 The uses of molecular dating analyses in evolutionary studies, with examples from the angiosperms Rutschmann, Frank Kaspar Abstract: Die sechs Kapitel der vorliegenden Dissertation befassen sich alle mit verschiedenen Aspekten von molekularen Datierungsmethoden, englisch molecular dating methods genannt. Dabei reicht die Spannweite der behandelten Themen von experimentellen Untersuchungen der Methoden selbst bis hin zur praktischen Anwendung der molekularen Altersbestimmung für die Aufklärung von biologischen und evolutionsgeschichtlichen Fragen bei verschiedenen Gruppen von Blütenpflanzen (Angiospermen). The six chapters that compose this dissertation are all related to various aspects of molecular dating, ranging from more methodological and experimental work to the application of different methods in the context of biological and evolutionary questions and hypotheses related to different groups of flowering plants (Angiosperms). Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-163459 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Rutschmann, Frank Kaspar. The uses of molecular dating analyses in evolutionary studies, with examples from the angiosperms. 2006, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. The Uses of Molecular Dating Analyses in Evolutionary Studies, with Examples from the Angiosperms Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr. sc. nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultt der niversitt Zürich von Frank Kaspar Rutschmann von Zürich ZH Promotionskomitee: Prof. Dr. Elena Conti ()orsitz) Prof. Dr. Peter Linder Dr. Torsten Eriksson Zürich 200. Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to express my gratitude towards my supervisor, Elena Conti. -
Spring 2011 Mail Order Catalog Cistus Nursery
Spring 2011 Mail Order Catalog Cistus Nursery 22711 NW Gillihan Road Sauvie Island, OR 97231 503.621.2233 phone 503.621.9657 fax order by phone 9 - 5 pst, visit 10am - 5pm, fax, mail, or email: [email protected] 24-7-365 www.cistus.com Spring 2011 Mail Order Catalog 2 USDA zone: 2 Symphoricarpos orbiculatus ‘Aureovariegatus’ coralberry $12 Caprifoliaceae USDA zone: 3 Athyrium filix-femina 'Frizelliae' tatting fern $14 Woodsiaceae USDA zone: 4 Aralia cordata 'Sun King' perennial spikenard $22 Araliaceae Aurinia saxatilis 'Dudley Nevill Variegated' $14 Brassicaceae Chrysanthemum x rubellum ‘Clara Curtis’ $11 Asteraceae Cyclamen hederifolium - silver shades $12 Primulaceae Eryngium bourgatii mediterranean sea holly $6 Apiaceae Euonymus europaeus ‘Red Ace’ spindle tree $14 Celastraceae Heuchera 'Sugar Plum' PPAF purple coral bells $12 Saxifragaceae Hydrangea macrophylla 'David Ramsey' big-leaf hydrangea $16 Hydrangeaceae Kerria japonica 'Albescens' white japanese kerria -$15 Rosaceae Liriope ‘Silver Dragon’ variegated lily turf $12 Liliaceae Opuntia basilaris ‘Peachy’ beavertail cactus $12 Cactaceae Opuntia fragilis SBH 6778 brittle prickly pear $7 Cactaceae Opuntia humifusa - dwarf from Claude Barr $12 Cactaceae Opuntia polyacantha 'Imnaha Sunset' $12 Cactaceae Opuntia polyacantha x ericacea var. columb. 'Golden Globe' $15 Cactaceae Opuntia x rutila - red/black spines $12 Cactaceae Philadelphus ‘Innocence’ mock orange $14 Hydrangeaceae Salix integra 'Hakuro-nishiki' dappled willow $12 Salicaceae Scilla scilloides chinese scilla $9 Liliaceae -
Managing Turfgrass in the Shade in Oklahoma
Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service HLA-6608 Managing Turfgrass in the Shade in Oklahoma Justin Quetone Moss Turfgrass Research and Extension Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheets are also available on our website at: David Hillock http://osufacts.okstate.edu Extension Consumer Horticulturist Dennis L. Martin Extension Turfgrass Specialist Introduction Light is a basic requirement for turfgrass growth and trim trees to the point where sufficient light is provided to the is often limiting in the landscape due to shade provided by turfgrass area. Turfgrasses need light for adequate survival trees, shrubs, buildings, homes or other structures. Photosyn- and performance, and even the most “shade tolerant” grass thetically active radiation (PAR) refers to the spectral range of will not thrive in heavily shaded areas (Figure 1). solar radiation from 400 nm to 700 nm (nanometers). Plants contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light in the PAR range Plant Selection for photosynthesis. All turfgrasses will grow best in full-sun While warm-season grasses are generally more heat conditions provided their management requirements are and drought tolerant than cool-season grasses, cool-season satisfied. In shaded areas, the specific wavelengths of light grasses are generally more shade tolerant than warm-season available to a turfgrass plant are altered and the amount of light grasses (Tables 1-3). Bermudagrasses (Cynodon spp.) are available can reduce the plant's ability to efficiently perform the most commonly planted lawn grasses in Oklahoma. Ber- photosynthesis. Consequently, turfgrasses can be difficult to mudagrass is relatively heat and drought tolerant but has poor grow in shady areas, and proper management strategies are shade tolerance. -
Cuphea Hyssopifolia (Lythraceae): Floral Morphology and Associated Insects
Proceedings of the Peradeniya University Research Sessions, Sri Lanka, Vol. 16, 24 th November 2011 Cuphea hyssopifolia (Lythraceae): Floral Morphology and Associated Insects M.S. Safriya and W.A.I.P. Karunaratne Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya Flowers of most plant species are visited by a diverse array of floral visitors. Specific insect-plant interactions are often considered as mutualistic, highly coevolved relationships. Floral biology studies usually test the assumption that floral traits have some adaptive value to reproductive success. Cuphea hyssopifolia (Family Lythraceae), commonly called the Mexican heather, is native to America and is grown as a hedge plant. This perennial shrub produces flowers throughout the year. Preliminary observations revealed that its tiny flowers are visited throughout the day by a large number of insects belonging to many different orders. The present study was conducted to determine the floral morphology and associated insect diversity in C. hyssopifolia grown in three selected sites: Department of Zoology, University of Peradeniya; Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya (wet zone); and a home garden in Narammala, Kurunegala (intermediate zone). Floral biology was studied by investigating floral morphology, flower abundance, stigma receptivity, characteristics of pollen grains, anther dehiscence and time of nectar availability over a period of six months. Random collections of insects were made from July –December 2010 from plants in the sites at the home garden and Department of Zoology for two consecutive days in each week. Insects were hand collected and by sweep netting. Taxonomic keys and reference specimen collections were used for identification. Time of floral visits of insects, their abundance, richness and diversity were recorded between 07.00 a.m. -
Spring Frost Damage to Tea Plants Can Be Identified with Daily
remote sensing Article Spring Frost Damage to Tea Plants Can Be Identified with Daily Minimum Air Temperatures Estimated by MODIS Land Surface Temperature Products Peijuan Wang 1,*, Yuping Ma 1 , Junxian Tang 1, Dingrong Wu 1 , Hui Chen 2, Zhifeng Jin 3 and Zhiguo Huo 1,4 1 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; [email protected] (Y.M.); [email protected] (J.T.); [email protected] (D.W.); [email protected] (Z.H.) 2 Fujian Institute of Meteorological Science, Fuzhou 350001, China; [email protected] 3 Zhejiang Climate Center, Hangzhou 310017, China; [email protected] 4 Collaborative Innovation Center of Meteorological Disaster Forecast, Early-Warning and Assessment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most dominant economic plants in China and plays an important role in agricultural economic benefits. Spring tea is the most popular drink due to Chinese drinking habits. Although the global temperature is generally warming, spring frost damage (SFD) to tea plants still occurs from time to time, and severely restricts the production and quality of spring tea. Therefore, monitoring and evaluating the impact of SFD to tea plants in a timely and precise manner is a significant and urgent task for scientists and tea producers in China. The region designated as Citation: Wang, P.; Ma, Y.; Tang, J.; the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR) in China is a major tea plantation area Wu, D.; Chen, H.; Jin, Z.; Huo, Z. -
On September 15, 2006, Joseph Postman (Plant Pathologist & Pome
Trip Report: Expedition to Georgia and Armenia to Collect Temperate Fruit and Nut Genetic Resources 15 September – 20 October 2006 Joseph Postman USDA, ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository 33447 Peoria Road Corvallis, Oregon 97333 Ed Stover USDA-ARS National Clonal Germplasm Repository One Shield Avenue, University of California Davis, California 95616 Cooperators: Marina Mosulishvili Georgia Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany, Kojori Road 1 0107 Tbilisi, Georgia Anush Nersesyan National Academy of Sciences of Armenia Institute of Botany Avan 63, Yerevan 375063 Armenia Table of Contents Expedition Summary .........................................................................................................................2 Map of Sample Collection Sites.........................................................................................................3 Georgia Contacts:...............................................................................................................................3 Armenia Contacts: .............................................................................................................................4 Itinerary and Collection Activities - Georgia ..................................................................................7 Itinerary and Collection Activities - Armenia ...............................................................................12 Appendix 1a – Material Transfer Agreement between Armenia and United States.................20 Appendix 1b – Material Transfer Agreement -
The Linderniaceae and Gratiolaceae Are Further Lineages Distinct from the Scrophulariaceae (Lamiales)
Research Paper 1 The Linderniaceae and Gratiolaceae are further Lineages Distinct from the Scrophulariaceae (Lamiales) R. Rahmanzadeh1, K. Müller2, E. Fischer3, D. Bartels1, and T. Borsch2 1 Institut für Molekulare Physiologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen, Universität Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany 2 Nees-Institut für Biodiversität der Pflanzen, Universität Bonn, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany 3 Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften ± Biologie, Universität Koblenz-Landau, Universitätsstraûe 1, 56070 Koblenz, Germany Received: July 14, 2004; Accepted: September 22, 2004 Abstract: The Lamiales are one of the largest orders of angio- Traditionally, Craterostigma, Lindernia and their relatives have sperms, with about 22000 species. The Scrophulariaceae, as been treated as members of the family Scrophulariaceae in the one of their most important families, has recently been shown order Lamiales (e.g., Takhtajan,1997). Although it is well estab- to be polyphyletic. As a consequence, this family was re-classi- lished that the Plocospermataceae and Oleaceae are their first fied and several groups of former scrophulariaceous genera branching families (Bremer et al., 2002; Hilu et al., 2003; Soltis now belong to different families, such as the Calceolariaceae, et al., 2000), little is known about the evolutionary diversifica- Plantaginaceae, or Phrymaceae. In the present study, relation- tion of most of the orders diversity. The Lamiales branching ships of the genera Craterostigma, Lindernia and its allies, hith- above the Plocospermataceae and Oleaceae are called ªcore erto classified within the Scrophulariaceae, were analyzed. Se- Lamialesº in the following text. The most recent classification quences of the chloroplast trnK intron and the matK gene by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG2, 2003) recognizes (~ 2.5 kb) were generated for representatives of all major line- 20 families. -
National Wetland Plant List: 2016 Wetland Ratings
Lichvar, R.W., D.L. Banks, W.N. Kirchner, and N.C. Melvin. 2016. The National Wetland Plant List: 2016 wetland ratings. Phytoneuron 2016-30: 1–17. Published 28 April 2016. ISSN 2153 733X THE NATIONAL WETLAND PLANT LIST: 2016 WETLAND RATINGS ROBERT W. LICHVAR U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory 72 Lyme Road Hanover, New Hampshire 03755-1290 DARIN L. BANKS U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 7 Watershed Support, Wetland and Stream Protection Section 11201 Renner Boulevard Lenexa, Kansas 66219 WILLIAM N. KIRCHNER U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1 911 NE 11 th Avenue Portland, Oregon 97232 NORMAN C. MELVIN USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Central National Technology Support Center 501 W. Felix Street, Bldg. 23 Fort Worth, Texas 76115-3404 ABSTRACT The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) administers the National Wetland Plant List (NWPL) for the United States (U.S.) and its territories. Responsibility for the NWPL was transferred to the Corps from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) in 2006. From 2006 to 2012 the Corps led an interagency effort to update the list in conjunction with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the FWS, and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), culminating in the publication of the 2012 NWPL. In 2013 and 2014 geographic ranges and nomenclature were updated. This paper presents the fourth update of the list under Corps administration. During the current update, the indicator status of 1689 species was reviewed. A total of 306 ratings of 186 species were changed during the update. -
Configuration Mode of Ornamental Plants in Norbulingka of Tibet and Application of Landscape Color
Current Urban Studies, 2018, 6, 278-291 http://www.scirp.org/journal/cus ISSN Online: 2328-4919 ISSN Print: 2328-4900 Configuration Mode of Ornamental Plants in Norbulingka of Tibet and Application of Landscape Color Wenbo Li1,2,3,4, Zhen Xing1,2,3,4, Zhenji Suolang2, Jiangping Fang3,4* 1Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agriculture & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi, China 2Department of Resources and Environment, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, China 3Tibet Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology in Plateau Area of the Ministry of Education, Nyingchi, China 4United Key Laboratories of Ecological Security, Tibet Autonomous, Nyingchi, China How to cite this paper: Li, W. B., Xing, Z., Abstract Suolang, Z. J., & Fang, J. P. (2018). Confi- guration Mode of Ornamental Plants in The application of plant landscape color has a great effect on the landscape of Norbulingka of Tibet and Application of the scenic spot. By colorful foliage and ornamental plants with high color Landscape Color. Current Urban Studies, 6, recognition, visitors can deepen their impressions, and thus increase the 278-291. https://doi.org/10.4236/cus.2018.62016 landscape aesthetic expectations and psychological recognition of the land- scape sense. The plants in Norbulingka were taken as research object in this Received: May 24, 2018 paper. Via field investigation and consulting a lot of data, color characters of Accepted: June 26, 2018 Published: June 29, 2018 ornamental plants from each genus and family were identified from the angle of plant characteristics of arbor, shrub and herb. CMYK color card value was Copyright © 2018 by authors and used to collect color data of leaves, flowers and fruits from different plants, Scientific Research Publishing Inc.