Landscape Plants for Georgia Contents

Home , Ardisia japonica, Botanical name, Camellia japonica, Halesia tetraptera, Jasminum nudiflorum, Osmanthus fragrans

Introduction ...... 3 Definitions of Terms ...... 3 Plant Hardiness Zones ...... 4 Vines ...... 5 Ground Covers ...... 8 Ornamental Grasses ...... 12 Symbolic Forms of Shrubs ...... 15 Small Shrubs ...... 16 Medium Shrubs ...... 23 Large Shrubs ...... 28 Symbolic Forms of Trees ...... 35 Small Trees ...... 36 Large Trees ...... 42

Editors note: This publication needs major revisions. All plants on the GA-EPPC invasive plant list have been removed from the original version of this publication.

Appreciation is expressed to Thomas Williams, Jr., Head, Extension Landscape Department (retired), The University of Georgia, on whose work portions of this publication are based. Also to Gerald E. Smith, Extension Horticulturist (retired), University of Georgia, for helpful suggestions in the original revision. To Will Corley, Georgia Experiment Station (retired), for information pertaining to ornamental grasses, and to other individuals and organizations who contributed information. Appreciation also to the following for artwork: Gregg Coyle, Associate Professor of Landscape Architecture, the Extension Art Department and Howard Ellis, former intern in Extension Landscape Architecture Department. Landscape Plants for Georgia

James T. Midcap Department of Horticulture College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Neal Weatherly, Jr. School of Environmental Design

Revised by Matthew Chappell Department of Horticulture College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences

andscape Plants for Georgia is an effort to compile a COMMON NAME: Common plant names may vary from Llist of good plants organized into various sizes and region to region. For this reason scientific names are groups. It does not list all available plant materials but included in this publication to establish the true identity rather brings together the best possible groupings of the plant. according to the principles and requirements of good TEXTURE: Plant foliage is usually defined as being fine-, landscape design and plant maintenance. It is not possi- medium-, or coarse-textured, depending upon the size, ble to offer pictures of the plants. Many publications, density and arrangement of its leaves. Southern mag- books and web sites, however, have good plant pictures. nolia is an example of coarse foliage texture. The design qualities of plants—their form, size, color FORM: Form refers to the shape or general outline of the and texture—are of major emphasis. Hardiness and dis- plant. Boxwood has a rounded form. Pyracantha is ease and insect resistant qualities are also considered irregular. when selecting good landscape plants. NORMAL GEORGIA HEIGHT: Due to environmental conditions, such as variations in soil, temperature, Definitions of Terms Used fertility and moisture, exact growing heights of plants CLASS: For identification, plants are divided into three cannot be established. “Normal Georgia Height” is a major classes or groups: evergreen conifers, broad- term used to designate average size after reasonable leaved evergreens and deciduous plants. maturity. It is intended for use only as a guide. PECIMEN CONIFER: Most conifers are cone-bearing and have S : This is a plant with desirable form, foliage, needle-like foliage. Examples are pine and cedar. fruit or flower that can be separated from other plants to emphasize its desirable characters. DECIDUOUS: A deciduous plant sheds its foliage in the fall or winter. Flowering dogwood, maple and spirea are GEORGIA’S HARDY ZONES: The plant hardiness zones examples. used in this publication (see map, page 4) denote areas in the state where a plant has the best chance of survival BOTANICAL NAME: This refers to the scientific name and growth. The zones are based on the average recognized the world over. Cornus florida is the botanical minimum temperature the plant will tolerate. The name of flowering dogwood. numbers and letters in parentheses are the zone Botanical names are listed according to Index of designations used in the reference publication. Source of Garden Plants by Mark Griffiths, 1994, Timber Press. this information is the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone BROAD-LEAVED EVERGREEN: This refers to broad- Map, Miscellaneous Publication No. 1475, Agricultural leaved plants that retain foliage the entire year. Exam- Research Service, 1990. ples are boxwood and camellia.

3 Georgia Plant Hardiness Zones

Range of average annual minimum temperatures for each zone

Zone Range in degrees F

6b -5 to 0 7a 0 to 5 7b 5 to 10 8a 10 to 15 8b 15 to 20

4 Vines . . .

Vines have many uses in the landscape. They may be used to soften unattractive walls and fences or to create exciting shadow patterns on blank surfaces. Many are desirable because of their evergreen foliage. Some have attractive flowers and/or berries to brighten or accent a landscape feature or attract wildlife. Vines provide attractive screening and privacy when used on trellises and fences. As a general rule, residential building lots are becoming smaller, and appropriate plant material must be selected if the valuable space is to be used to best advantage. This class of plants is very useful in small gardens where planting space is limited.

. . . and Their Characteristics

Botanical Name and Georgia’s Growth COMMON NAME Hardy Zone Texture Rate Class Remarks

Antigonon leptopus 8 medium to fast deciduous Blooms in late summer CORAL VINE coarse with coral-pink flowers.

Bignonia capreolata entire state medium fast evergreen Red, orange or yellow CROSS VINE* spring flowers.

Clematis armandii 7,8 coarse medium to broad-leaved Large glossy leaves, ARMAND CLEMATIS fast evergreen fragrant white spring flowers.

Clematis × jackmanii 6b, 7 fine medium deciduous Large purple flowers. JACKMAN CLEMATIS

Clematis terniflora entire state medium medium to deciduous Fragrant white flowers in SWEETAUTUMN fast late summer. CLEMATIS

× Fatshedra lizei 7b, 8 coarse medium slow broad-leaved Semi-climbing shrub or FATSHEDRA evergreen vine. Needs support.

5 Botanical Name and Georgia’s Growth COMMON NAME Hardy Zone Texture Rate Class Remarks Ficus pumila 8 fine slow to broad-leaved Clings close to wall. CLIMBING FIG medium evergreen

Gelsemium rankinii entire state fine medium broad-leaved Yellow, trumpet flowers SWAMP JESSAMINE* evergreen spring and fall.

Gelsemium sempervirens entire state fine medium broad-leaved Yellow, trumpet-like evergreen flowers in spring. Hardy, CAROLINA YELLOW one of our best vines. JESSAMINE*

Hedera canarienseis 8 coarse medium broad-leaved Very coarse foliage. Sun or ALGERIAN IVY evergreen semi-shade.

Lonicera × heckrottii entire state medium slow to semi-evergreen Coral-red flowers in GOLDFLAME medium summer. HONEYSUCKLE

Lonicera sempervirens entire state medium slow to deciduous Red, Orange to yellow TRUMPET medium spring flowers. HONEYSUCKLE*

Parthenocissus quinquefolia entire state coarse medium deciduous Large palmately compound VIRGINIA CREEPER* leaves. Good red fall color. Can become invasive.

Parthenocissus tricuspidata entire state coarse medium deciduous Lustrous three lobed leaves BOSTON IVY with good red fall color.

Rosa banksiae ‘Lutea’ 7b, 8 fine fast semi-evergreen Yellow double flowers. LADY BANKSROSE

Rosa species entire state fine to fast deciduous Numerous varieties and CLIMBING ROSES medium colors. Subject to disease and insects.

Sarcococca hookeriana var. entire state fine slow broad-leaved Bright green foliage for humilis evergreen shady sites. SWEETBOX

Smilax lanceolata entire state medium fast broad-leaved Bright green foliage for LANCELEAF evergreen cutting. GREENBRIER*

Trachelospermum asiaticum 7b, 8 fine medium broad-leaved Foliage similar to Vinca ASIATIC JASMINE evergreen minor.

6 Botanical Name and Georgia’s Growth COMMON NAME Hardy Zone Texture Rate Class Remarks

Trachelospermum jasminoides 8 medium medium broad-leaved Good foliage. White STAR or CONFED- evergreen fragrant flowers in spring. ERATE JASMINE Variegated form available.

Wisteria frutescens entire state medium fast deciduous Lilac purple late spring AMERICAN WISTERIA* flowers. More restrained than others.

* Denotes native Georgia plant throughout this table.

7 Ground Covers . . .

Ground covers are very versatile. In addition to sunny open locations, selected ground covers are especially useful on steep slopes and densely shaded areas where other plants are more difficult to establish and maintain. Many ground covers are excellent for preventing soil erosion; while others are helpful in carrying out design patterns. Evergreen ground covers are particularly useful in establishing both formal and informal designs in residential and public landscapes. Ground cover plants are usually more satisfactory in narrow planters than shrubs. Ground cover usually ranges from a few inches to a foot or more in height. In the evergreen class, English ivy and common periwinkle have rich green foliage, making them particularly valuable in landscape design. Several of the recommended plants have attractive seasonal flowers. Certain ground covers may become invasive once they become established and require heavy maintenance to keep them in bounds. Ground covers are often cites as being low maintenance. However, they all require some maintenance such as weeding, pruning or fertilization to look their best.

. . . and Their Characteristics

Botanical Name and Georgia’s Normal GA Growth COMMON NAME Hardy Zone Exposure Texture Height Rate Class Remarks Ajuga reptans entire state semi-shade medium 2-4" medium evergreen Needs good drainage. CARPET BUGLE to fast Blue or white flowers.

Ardisia japonica 8b semi-shade medium 8-12" slow evergreen Excellent evergreen JAPANESE ARDISIA ground cover.

Aspidistra elatior 7b, 8 shade coarse 18-24" medium evergreen Drought tolerant, bold CAST IRON PLANT texture.

Dryopteris ludoviciana entire state shade fine 24-36" medium deciduous Mass plantings, good SOUTHERN SHIELD green filler with fine FERN texture.

Cotoneaster species SEE SMALL SHRUBS (page 18) GROUNDCOVER COTONEASTER

Cyrtomiun falcatum 8b semi-shade to coarse 1-2' medium evergreen Dark green foliage. HOLLY FERN shade

8 Botanical Name and Georgia’s Normal GA Growth COMMON NAME Hardy Zone Exposure Texture Height Rate Class Remarks Festuca ovina var. 6b, 7a prefers some fine 6-8" slow evergreen Best with irrigation. glauca shade ornamental BLUE FESCUE grass

Gardenia augusta 7b, 8 sun to semi- fine 18-24" slow evergreen Small, white, fragrant ‘Radicans’ shade flowers in summer. CREEPING GARDENIA

Hedera canariensis 8 shade to sun coarse 6-8" slow to evergreen Good groundcover. ALGERIAN IVY medium

Helleborus orientalis 6, 7 semi-shade to coarse 12-15" slow to evergreen White to rose colored shade medium flowers in January and LENTEN ROSE February.

Hemerocallis species entire state sun to semi- medium 2-3' medium deciduous Very hardy. Numerous DAYLILY shade to fast to flower colors. evergreen

Hypericum calycium 6b, 7 sun to semi- medium 8-12" medium semi- Yellow flowers in AARON’S BEARD shade to fast evergreen summer. ST. JOHNSWORT

Iberis sempervirens 6b, 7 sun to semi- fine 6-8" medium evergreen White flowers in spring. EVERGREEN shade CANDYTUFT

Juniperus chinensis var. entire state sun fine 18-24" medium evergreen Very hardy. Good win- sargentii conifer ter color. Needs good SARGENT JUNIPER drainage.

Juniperus conferta entire state sun fine 18-24" medium evergreen Hardy to sandy shore. SHORE JUNIPER conifer

Juniperus conferta entire state sun fine 10-12" medium evergreen Blue-gray foliage. Short ‘Blue Pacific’ conifer vertical stems. BLUE PACIFIC JUNIPER

Juniperus conferta entire state sun fine 10-12" medium evergreen Bright green foliage. ‘Emerald Sea’ conifer Compact. EMERALD SEA JUNIPER

Juniperus davurica entire state sun fine 18-24" medium evergreen Very hardy. Good win- ‘Expansa’ to fast conifer ter color. PARSONS JUNIPER

Juniperus horizontalis entire state sun fine 1-2' slow evergreen Denser, more compact ‘Plumosa Compacta’ conifer than Andorra. ANDORRA COM- PACTA JUNIPER

9 Botanical Name and Georgia’s Normal GA Growth COMMON NAME Hardy Zone Exposure Texture Height Rate Class Remarks Juniperus horizontalis entire state sun fine 4-6" medium evergreen Hugs ground. ‘Wiltoni’ conifer BLUE RUG JUNIPER

Juniperius procumbens entire state sun fine 1-2' slow evergreen Handsome in beds, JAP GARDEN conifer terraces and slopes. JUNIPER

Juniperius procumbens entire state sun fine 6-8" very slowevergreen Only spreading juniper ‘Nana’ conifer suitable for restricted DWARF JAP GAR- spaces. DEN JUNIPER

Ophiopogon japonicus 7, 8 semi-shade to medium 8-12" medium evergreen Hardy, makes dense DWARF LILYTURF shade mat. or MONDO GRASS

Ophiopogon japonicus 7, 8 semi-shade to medium 3" slow evergreen Dwarf form. ‘Nana’ shade DWARF MONDO GRASS

Pachysandra terminalis 6b, 7a shade medium 6-12" medium evergreen Requires moist shade in PACHYSANDRA heat.

Phlox subulata entire state sun fine 4-8" medium evergreen Rose, white, lilac MOSS PHLOX or to fast flowers. THRIFT*

Santolina entire state sun fine 1-2' medium evergreen Good for hot, dry sites. chamaecyparissus Gray foliage, yellow- LAVENDER orange flowers. COTTON

10 Botanical Name and Georgia’s Normal GA Growth COMMON NAME Hardy Zone Exposure Texture Height Rate Class Remarks

Santolina virens entire state sun fine 1-2' medium evergreen Good for hot, dry sites. GREEN LAVENDER Green foliage, orange COTTON flowers.

Saxifraga stolonifera 7b, 8 shade fine 4-6" medium evergreen White flowers in STRAWBERRY summer. GERANIUM

Trachelospermum 7b, 8 sun to semi- fine 4-6" medium evergreen Excellent groundcover. asiaticum shade ASIATIC JASMINE

Yucca filamentosa entire state sun coarse 2-3' slow evergreen White flower spikes in ADAM’S NEEDLE or summer. BEARGRASS*

Zamia integrifolia 8b sun to shade coarse 2-3' slow evergreen Accent plant, native COONTIE PALM* cycad groundcover.

* Denotes native Georgia plant throughout this table ** Can be grown in full sun in North Georgia with proper care. Should have partial shade or irrigation in South Georgia.

11 Ornamental Grasses . . .

Ornamental grasses, long popular in certain European countries, are experiencing a rise in popularity among the southern gardeners. Grasses adapted to landscape plantings fall primarily into two categories: 1) the perennial grasses which with just a few exceptions, are large-growing, clump-type grasses; and 2) the annual grasses, utilized most often accents or drifts in the herbaceous border. All of the grasses listed in this section are perennials except for two of the fountain grasses which are annuals. Except for the Blue Fescue (Festuca ovina glauca), a ground cover, all of the ornamental grasses are listed in this section. Pampas grass is the most widely recognized ornamental grass. Pampas and the other selections in the ornamental group are used as specimen or accent plants, for contrast in shrub borders or herbaceous borders and for informal mass plantings. All grasses die back to the ground in winter; consequently, all will need to be cut back to the ground before new growth emerges in spring. Despite this limitation, the taller- growing plants in this group make excellent seasonal screens and informal hedges. If properly handled, the flower or panicle portion of several selections make excellent material for dried arrangements.

...and Their Characteristics

Georgia’s Botanical Name and Hardy Panicle Landscape COMMON NAME Zone Texture Height Spread Length Exposure Remarks Cultural Remarks Chasmanthium latifolium entire fine 30-36" 18-24" 8" sun to Very attractive Will tolerate wet feet. UPLAND SEA OATS* state light shade seed heads. Can Self sows. Shade for become aggres- Zone 8. sive.

Cortaderia selloana 7b, 8 fine to 7-8' 5-6' 20" sun Male and female Most drought tolerant. PAMPAS GRASS medium plants. Female has fuller plumes.

Cortaderia selloana entire medium 3' 3½-4' 2' sun White female Very cold hardy. ‘Nana’ state plumes. DWARF PAMPAS GRASS

12 Georgia’s Botanical Name and Hardy Panicle Landscape COMMON NAME Zone Texture Height Spread Length Exposure Remarks Cultural Remarks Elymus glaucus entire medium 4-5' 3-4' 10" sun Bluish-gray Spreads slowly by BLUE WILD RYE state foliage. rhizomes.

Panicum virgatum entire fine 4-5' 3' 12" sun Outstanding blue Golden fall foliage. ‘Prairie Sky’ state foliage on arching PRAIRIE SKY plant. SWITCH GRASS

Pennisetum alopecuroides entire fine 24-30" 2' 3" sun Plumes less showy Good companion for DWARF FOUNTAIN state than annual perennials. GRASS species.

Pennisetum setaceum an fine 4-4½’ 4' 12" sun Rose colored Must replant every FOUNTAIN GRASS annual foliage and year. panicles. Pennisetum setaceum an fine 4-4½' 4' 12" sun Crimson or Must replant every ‘Rubrum’ annual burgundy foliage year. CRIMSON and panicles. FOUNTAIN GRASS

Pennisetum villosum 7b, 8 fine 2-3' 2' 3" sun Showy creamy Even with dead head- FEATHERTOP panicles. ing, blooms once per GRASS year.

13 Georgia’s Botanical Name and Hardy Panicle Landscape COMMON NAME Zone Texture Height Spread Length Exposure Remarks Cultural Remarks Sacchaarum ravennae entire medium 8-9' 3-4' 20" sun Robust plant. Clump forming. Divide RAVENNA GRASS state to every 3-4 years. (HARDY PAMPAS) coarse

* Denotes native Georgia plant throughout this table.

14 Shrubs . . . Their Symbolic Forms

15 Small Shrubs - 1 to 5 Feet . . .

Contemporary homes seldom have any discernible foundation, consequently fewer tall- growing shrubs are needed. More of the plants selected for the base of this type of residence should come from these small shrubs. Small shrubs are also very useful in guarding against overcrowding and overgrowth. Many plants in this size range are also desirable for their mass foliage and/or flowering effects. In addition, they are valuable in small lots where ground space is at a premium. The 1- to 2-foot size shrubs are particularly well suited for raised planters. The smaller, compact growing species are often used to stabilize design lines in formal gardens and for edging walks and plant beds. Plants in the upper range of this class that reach 4 or 5 feet in height form an effective background for perennials and annuals.

. . . and Their Characteristics

Georgia’s Normal Botanical Name and Hardy GA Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Rate Exposure Class Remarks Abelia × ‘Edward entire fine irregular to 4-5' slow sun, semi- semi- Lilac-pink flowers. Goucher’ state oval shade evergreen EDWARD GOUCHER ABELIA

Abelia × grandiflora entire fine irregular to 2-3' slow sun, semi- semi- White flowers ‘Sherwoodii’ state spreading shade evergreen SHERWOOD DWARF ABELIA

Aucuba japonica ‘Nana’ entire coarse oval 3-4' slow shade, semi- broad-leaved Attractive foliage DWARF AUCUBA state shade evergreen and berries.

16 Georgia’s Normal Botanical Name and Hardy GA Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Rate Exposure Class Remarks

Buxus microphylla var. 7,8 fine rounded 3-5' slow sun, semi- broad-leaved Good color and japonica shade evergreen easy to maintain. JAPANESE BOXWOOD

Buxus microphylla var. 6b, 7 fine rounded 2-3' slow semi-shade broad-leaved Very hardy, useful koreana evergreen for low hedges. KOREAN BOXWOOD

Buxus sempervirens 6b, 7 fine rounded 2-4' very slow semi-shade, broad-leaved Will grow large ‘Suffruticosa’ shade evergreen with age. TRUE DWARF BOXWOOD

Camellia hiemalis 7b, 8 medium spreading 3-5' very slow sun, semi- broad-leaved Foliage very DWARF SASANQUA compact shade evergreen similar to Sasanqua.

Cultivars Including Cultivar Flower Flower Form Shi Shi Gashira Red Double-formal to rose More compact. (Beni-Kan-Tsubaki) form Showa-No-Sakae Soft Pink Semi-double to double Suitable for (Usubeni) rose form espaliering.

Cephlotaxus harringtonia entire medium spreading 2-3' medium sun, semi- evergreen Vase-shaped. var. drupacea state to fine shade conifer Shade in Zone 8. JAPANESE PLUM YEW

Cephlotaxus harringtonia entire medium upright 3-5' slow sun, semi- conifer Accent for re- ‘Fastigiata’ state to fine shade stricted spaces. UPRIGHT PLUM Shade in Zone 8. YEW

Cephlotaxus harringtonia entire medium spreading 2-4" medium sun, semi- evergreen Prostrate in habit. ‘Prostrata’ state to fine shade conifer Shade in Zone 8. SPREADING PLUM YEW

17 Georgia’s Normal Botanical Name and Hardy GA Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Rate Exposure Class Remarks Chaenomeles japonica entire medium oval 30-36" slow sun deciduous Orange or scarlet state red flowers in JAPANESE spring FLOWERING QUINCE

Chamaerops humilis 8b coarse upright- 2-4' slow sun, semi- evergreen Multi-trunk due to EUROPEAN FAN clumping shade palm suckers. PALM

Clethra alnifolia 6b, 7 fine upright 2-3' medium sun, semi- deciduous White fragrant ‘Hummingbird’ spreading shade flowers in mid HUMMINGBIRD summer. SUMMERSWEET*

Cotoneaster dammeri 6b, 7 fine spreading 12-18" medium sun broad-leaved Some cultivars BEARBERRY evergreen reach 4' tall. Sus- COTONEASTER ceptible to mites.

Cotoneaster horizontalis 6b, 7 fine spreading 2-3' medium sun semi- Fishbone branch- ROCKSPRAY evergreen ing pattern. Sus- COTONEASTER ceptible to mites.

Daphne odora 7, 8 fine to rounded 3-4' slow semi-shade broad-leaved Flowers in win-ter. WINTER DAPHNE medium evergreen Tempera-mental plant.

Deutzia gracilis 6b, 7 medium rounded 3-4' slow sun, semi- deciduous Very hardy with SLENDER DEUTZIA to fine shade pale green foliage.

Fothergilla gardenii entire medium rounded 4-5' medium sun, semi- deciduous Abundant white ‘Mt. Airy’ state shade spring flowers, MT. AIRY great fall color. FOTHERGILLA*

Gardenia augusta 7b, 8 fine spreading 18-24" slow sun, semi- broad-leaved Fragrant white ‘Radicans‘ shade evergreen flowers. CREEPING GARDENIA

Hydrangea arborescens 6b, 7 coarse rounded 3-5' medium semi-shade, deciduous Large heads of ‘Annabelle’ shade white flowers in ANNABELLE early summer. HYDRANGEA

Hydrangea macrophylla entire coarse rounded 2-3' slow semi-shade deciduous A true dwarf with ‘Pia’ state heavy flowering. PIA FRENCH HYDRANGEA

18 Georgia’s Normal Botanical Name and Hardy GA Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Rate Exposure Class Remarks

Ilex vomitoria ‘Nana’ 7, 8 fine rounded 3-5' slow sun, semi- broad-leaved Hardy tough DWARF YAUPON shade evergreen shrub. New HOLLY* growth green.

Ilex vomitoria ‘Schillings’7, 8 fine rounded to 3-4' slow sun, semi- broad-leaved New growth red. SCHILLINGS DWARF spreading shade evergreen YAUPON*

Ilex vomitoria 7, 8 fine rounded 3-4' slow sun, semi- broad-leaved New growth on Bordeaux(TM) shade evergreen branch tips is red. BORDEAUX DWARF YAUPON*

Itea virginica ‘Henry’s entire medium rounded 3-4' medium sun semi- Great fall color, Garnet’ state evergreen tolerates moist HENRY’S GARNET sites. SWEETSPIRE*

Jasminum floridum 7, 8 fine weeping 3-5' slow to sun semi- Yellow flowers in SHOWY JASMINE medium evergreen spring.

Jasminum nudiflorum entire fine weeping 3-4' medium sun, semi- deciduous Yellow flowers late WINTER JASMINE state shade winter. Tena-cious shrub.

Juniperus species SEE PAGES 9 AND 10 SPREADING JUNIPERS

19 Georgia’s Normal Botanical Name and Hardy GA Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Rate Exposure Class Remarks Leucothoe axillaris entire medium weeping to 3-4' slow to semi-shade, broad-leaved Good drainage on COASTAL state to coarse irregular medium shade evergreen moist locations LEUCOTHOE* required.

Leucothoe fontanesiana 6b, 7 medium weeping to 3-4' slow semi-shade, broad-leaved Naturalistic or DROOPING to coarse irregular shade evergreen small gardens with LEUCOTHOE* good drainage on moist sites. Mahonia fortunei 8 medium upright 3-5' medium semi-shade, broad-leaved Graceful ever- CHINESE MAHONIA shade evergreen green in well drained sites.

Nandina domestica entire fine to rounded 1-2' slow sun, semi- broad-leaved Red fall color. ‘Firepower’ state medium shade evergreen Mass plantings. FIREPOWER DWARF NANDINA

Nandina domestica entire fine spreading 2-3' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Spreads by ‘Harbour Dwarf’ state shade evergreen rhizomes. HARBOUR DWARF NANDINA

Osmanthus heterophyllus 7, 8 fine rounded 4-5' very slow sun, semi- broad-leaved Specimen for ‘Rotundifolius’ shade evergreen restricted spaces. LITTLE LEAF TEA OLIVE

Pinus mugo var. mugo 6b, 7 fine rounded 3-5' slow sun evergreen Use grafted plants MUGO PINE conifer only for dwarf form.

Pittosporum tobira 8 medium rounded 2-3' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Mass plantings or ‘Wheeler’s Dwarf’ shade evergreen low borders. WHEELER DWARF PITTOSPORUM

Prunus laurocerasus ‘Otto 6b, 7 medium rounded 3-4' slow to sun, semi- broad-leaved Mass plantings. Luyken’ medium shade evergreen OTTO LUYKEN LAUREL

20 Georgia’s Normal Botanical Name and Hardy GA Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Rate Exposure Class Remarks Prunus laurocerasus 6b, 7 medium rounded 4-5' slow to sun, semi- broad-leaved Naturalistic or ‘Schipkaensis’ medium shade evergreen mass. SCHIP LAUREL

Punica granatum var. 7b, 8 fine upright- 3-4' slow sun deciduous Red-orange nana irregular flowers and fruits. DWARF POMEGRANATE

Rhaphiolepis spp. 7b, 8 medium spreading 2-5' slow sun broad-leaved Glossy foliage, INDIAN HAWTHORN to rounded evergreen white or pink flowers. Ques- tionable hardiness in Zone 7.

Cultivars including Cultivar Flower Height ‘Clara’ White 3-4' ‘Eleanor Taber’TM Pink ‘Georgia Charm’ White 3-4' ‘Georgia Petite’ Light Pink 2-3' ‘Olivia’ White 4-5' ‘Snow White’ White 2-3'

Rhododendron entire fine upright- 3-5' slow to semi-shade broad-leaved Mass flowering GLEN DALE HYBRID state spreading medium evergreen effects. AZALEAS Cultivars include several hundred which offer great range in color and blooming season.

GUMPO AZALEAS 7, 8 fine spreading 10-12" slow to semi-shade broad-leaved Late season, large, medium evergreen white or pink flowers.

KURUME AZALEAS entire fine rounded 3-5' slow to semi-shade broad-leaved Mass flowering state medium evergreen effects.

Cultivars Including Cultivar Flower Cultivar Flower ‘Christmas Cheer’ Brilliant Red ‘Hino Crimson’ Red ‘Coral Bells’ Shell Pink ‘Hinodegiri’ Vivid Red ‘Flame’ Orange Red ‘Mothers Day’ Red ‘Hershey Red’ Bright Red ‘Pink Pearl’ Salmon Rose ‘Hexe’ Red ‘Salmon Beauty’ Salmon Pink

GIRARD HYBRID entire fine rounded to 3-5' slow to semi-shade broad-leaved Cold hardy and AZALEAS state spreading medium evergreen striking flower color.

Rosa (Floribunda) entire medium rounded 2-4' slow to sun deciduous Mass flowering FLORIBUNDA ROSE state medium effects.

Rosmarinus officinalis entire fine irregular 3-4' slow to sun broad-leaved Grayish foliage. ROSEMARY state medium evergreen Requires well drained soils.

21 Georgia’s Normal Botanical Name and Hardy GA Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Rate Exposure Class Remarks Ruscus aculeatus entire fine irregular 2-3' slow sun broad-leaved Specimen accent in BUTCHER’S - BROOM state evergreen low border.

Santolina species SEE PAGE 11 LAVENDER COTTON

Spiraea thunbergii entire fine irregular 3-4' medium sun deciduous Masses, borders. THUNBERG SPIREA state

* Denotes native Georgia plant throughout this table.

22 Medium Shrubs - 5 to 8 Feet . . .

Shrubs in this size range are most useful for hedges, screening and backgrounds, for large scale foundation plantings and large mass plantings. Some species have enough good qualities to serve as specimen plants. A number of the better flowering and berry-producing shrubs fall within this medium size range. When planted in groups, some these flowering shrubs are particularly useful for seasonal highlights. Many plants are grown for foliage rather than for flowers. Variations in foliage color range from glossy green to light gray. Be mindful that plants having variegated leaves are somewhat difficult to har- monize with other plants.

. . . and Their Characteristics

Georgia’s Normal Botanical Name and Hardy Ga Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Rate Exposure Class Remarks Abelia × grandiflora entire fine to rounded 5-6' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Hedge plant. GLOSSY ABELIA state medium shade evergreen

Aucuba japonica entire coarse upright 6-8' medium semi-shade, broad-leaved Green and variegated JAPANESE AUCUBA state to fast shade evergreen foliage.

Berberis julianae entire medium oval 5-6' slow to sun broad-leaved Rich green foliage, WINTERGREEN state medium evergreen thorns. BARBERRY

Buddleia davidii entire fine to rounded 6-8' medium sun deciduous Fragrant summer BUTTERFLY BUSH state medium flowers attract butterflies.

Buxus sempervirens 6b, 7 fine to rounded 5-8' slow to semi-shade broad-leaved Useful in formal COMMON medium medium evergreen paintings. BOXWOOD

Callistemon citrinus 8b fine irregular 6-8' medium sun broad-leaved Flowers very showy. CRIMSON to fast evergreen BOTTLEBUSH

23 Georgia’s Normal Botanical Name and Hardy Ga Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Rate Exposure Class Remarks Calycanthus floridus entire coarse rounded 5-6' slow to semi-shade deciduous Fragrant flowers. SWEET SHRUB* state medium

Chaenomeles speciosa entire medium upright 5-8' slow sun, semi- deciduous White, pink to red FLOWERING state rounded shade flowers. QUINCE

Clethra alnifolia ‘Ruby 6b, 7 medium rounded 4-8' slow to sun, semi- deciduous Pink fragrant flowers, Spice’ medium shade moist soils. RUBY SPICE SUMMERSWEET

Cycas revoluta 8 fine upright 4-6' very slow sun, semi- evergreen Single or multi-trunk SAGO PALM shade cycad specimens.

Fatsia japonica 8 coarse irregular 4-8' medium semi-shade, broad-leaved Specimen. Zone 7 with JAPANESE FATSIA to fast shade evergreen protection.

Forsythia × intermedia entire medium irregular 5-8' fast sun deciduous Yellow spring flowers. BORDER state FORSYTHIA

Gardenia jasminoides 7b, 8 medium rounded 4-6' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Fragrant white flowers. CAPE JASMINE shade evergreen

Hydrangea macrophylla entire coarse rounded 4-6' medium semi-shade deciduous Red, pink, blue and FRENCH state white flowering types. HYDRANGEA

Hydrangea paniculata 6b, 7 coarse rounded 8-15' medium sun deciduous Flowers open white, ‘Grandiflora’ turn pink, then bronze. PEE GEE HYDRANGEA

Ilex cornuta ‘Dwarf 7, 8 medium rounded 5-8' slow sun, semi- broad-leaved Foundations. Glossy Burford’ to coarse shade evergreen foliage. DWARF BURFORD HOLLY

Ilex crenata ‘Hetzii’ 7 medium rounded 6-8' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Dark green foliage. HETZ HOLLY shade evergreen

Ilex crenata ‘Sky Pencil’ entire medium upright 6-8' medium sun, semi- braod leaved Narrow and strongly SKY PENCIL HOLLY state shade evergreen upright.

Ilex glabra ‘Nigra’ entire medium rounded 5-6' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Borders, naturalistic NIGRA INKBERRY* state shade evergreen areas and wet sites with good green winter color.

24 Georgia’s Normal Botanical Name and Hardy Ga Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Rate Exposure Class Remarks Juniper chinensis entire medium spreading 5-6' medium sun evergreen Mass planting sunny ‘Pfitzeriana’ state conifer slopes. PFITZER JUNIPER

Kalmia latifolia 6b, 7 medium upright 5-8' slow to semi-shade broad-leaved Naturalistic gardens. MOUNTAIN medium evergreen LAUREL*

Lagerstroemia × entire medium upright 6-10' medium sun deciduous Red flowering speci- ‘Tonto’ state men or border shrub. TONTO CRAPE MYRTLE

Lagerstroemia indica entire medium upright 4-6' medium sun deciduous Compact form with ‘Victor’ state dark red flowers in VICTOR CRAPE July. MYRTLE

Lonicera nitida 6b, 7 fine to rounded 5-6' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Attractive foliage. BOX LEAF medium shade evergreen HONEYSUCKLE

Loropetalum chinense 7, 8 fine rounded 6-8' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Bright pink and spring var. rubrum ‘Ruby’ shade evergreen bloom. New leaves RUBY FRINGE ruby red. FLOWER

Myrica cerifera ‘Fairfax’ 7, 8 medium rounded 6-8' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Compact form with FAIRFAX shade evergreen good foliage. WAXMYRTLE*

Osmanthus heterophyllus 7, 8 fine rounded 6-8' slow sun, semi- broad-leaved Specimen or hedge. ‘Gulftide’ shade evergreen GULFTIDE TEA- OLIVE

Osmanthus heterophyllus 7, 8 fine rounded 6-8' slow sun, semi- broad-leaved Leaf margins creamy ‘Variegatus’ shade evergreen white. VARIEGATED FALSE HOLLY

Philadelphus × 6b, 7 medium irregular 6-8' medium sun deciduous Large white flowers. ‘Natchez’ NATCHEZ MOCKORANGE

25 Georgia’s Normal Botanical Name and Hardy Ga Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Rate Exposure Class Remarks Pieris japonica 6b, 7 fine irregular 5-6' medium semi-shade broad-leaved Naturalistic. Sun JAPANESE PIERIS evergreen possible in mountains.

Pyracantha koidzumii 8 fine rounded 6-8' medium sun broad-leaved Berries hidden by ‘Low-Dense’ to fast evergreen foliage. LOW-DENSE PYRACANTHA

Rhaphiolepis umbellata 7b, 8 medium upright 6-8' medium sun broad-leaved Nice texture and dark YEDDO to coarse to evergreen green foliage with HAWTHORN rounded spring flowers.

Rhododendron 6b, 7 medium upright 5-8' slow to semi-shade deciduous Fragrant white to pink arborescens to medium flowers. SWEET AZALEA* irregular

Rhododendron 7, 8 medium upright 6-8' slow to semi-shade deciduous Fragrant yellow cream austrinum to medium to orange flowers. FLORIDA AZALEA* irregular

Rhododendron 6b, 7 medium upright 5-8' slow to semi-shade deciduous Flowers yellow to calendulaceum to medium orange and scarlet. FLAME AZALEA* rounded

SOUTHERN INDIAN 8 medium rounded 5-8' medium semi-shade broad-leaved Mass plantings, AZALEA to to fast evergreen borders. irregular

Cultivars including Cultivar Flower Cultivar Flower ‘Elegans’ Pink ‘Iveryana’ White to Rose ‘Fielders White’ White ‘Judge Solomon’ Pink ‘Fisher Pink’ Light Pink ‘Lawsal’ Salmon Pink ‘Formosa’ Purple ‘President Clay’ Red ‘George Lindsey Light Pink Effect ‘Pride of Mobile’ Deep Rose Pink Tabor’ ‘G. G. Gerbing’ White ‘Southern Charm’ Pink

Spiraea × vanhouttei 6b, 7 medium rounded 5-8' medium sun deciduous Arching branches of VANHOUTTE to fast mass white flowers. SPIREA

Trachycarpus fortunei 7b, 8 coarse upright 6-8' very slow sun evergreen Specimen. Slender CHINESE or palm trunk with fibrous FORTUNES cover. WINDMILL PALM

26 Georgia’s Normal Botanical Name and Hardy Ga Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Rate Exposure Class Remarks Viburnum × burkwoodi 6b, 7 coarse rounded 6-8' medium sun deciduous Fragrant white spring BURKWOOD flowers. VIBURNUM

Viburnum suspensum 8mediumrounded 5-8' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Mass plantings. SANDANKWA to coarse shade evergreen Borders. VIBURNUM

Weigela florida entire coarse irregular 5-8' medium sun deciduous Borders for spring WEIGELA state to fast flowers.

Yucca gloriosa entire coarse upright 6-8' slow sun broad-leaved Pale green spine tipped MOUND-LILY state evergreen foliage. YUCCA *

* Denotes native Georgia plant throughout this table.

27 Large Shrubs - 8 Feet and Up . . .

There are many excellent plants in the large shrub class which are particularly useful as heavy screening and hedging or as specimens because of their outstanding foliage, flower or fruit. Plants in this category have limited use as foundation plants because of their ultimate size. Because of the ultimate size of several plants in this group, they are also listed in the “small trees” section that follows. Many times the actual use or pruning of a landscape plant determines whether it is classified as a large shrub or a small tree. These plant adapt well for use in parks, public grounds and other large-scale landscape developments, but use them with caution in the restricted spaces of small landscapes.

. . . and Their Characteristics

Georgia’s Normal Botanical Name and Hardy Ga Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Rate Exposure Class Remarks Acca sellowiana (Feijoa 8 medium rounded 8-10' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Grayish foliage. sellowiana) shade evergreen Hedges & borders. PINEAPPLE GUAVA

Aesculus parviflora entire coarse rounded 8-12' medium sun, semi- deciduous Specimen, naturalistic BOTTLEBRUSH state shade settings. BUCKEYE*

Agarista populifolia* entire coarse irregular 8-10' medium semi- broad-leaved Naturalistic settings. state shade, evergreen FLORIDA LEUCOTHOE shade

Camellia japonica7, 8mediumrounded 8-15' slow to semi-shade broad-leaved Specimen. JAPANESE CAMELLIA to coarse to oval medium evergreen

Cultivars that produce Cultivar Flower Color Cultivar Flower Color cold hardy flower buds ‘Adolphe Audusson Variegated ‘Gulio Nuccio Var.’ Variegated Var.’ ‘Are-jishi’ Red ‘High Hat’ Pink ‘Bernice Boddy’ Pink ‘Kumasaka’ Pink

28 Georgia’s Normal Botanical Name and Hardy Ga Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Rate Exposure Class Remarks ‘Daikagura’ Red ‘Lady Clare’ Pink ‘Daikagura Var.’ Variegated ‘Magnoliaeflora’ Pink ‘Donckelari’ Variegated ‘Rev. John G. Drayton’ Pink ‘Dr. Tinsley’ Pink ‘Tricolor’ Variegated ‘Firebrand’ Red ‘Ville de Nantes’ Variegated ‘Flame’ Red ‘White Daikagura’ White ‘Gov. Mouton’ Red ‘White Empress’ White ‘Gulio Nuccio’ Red

Camellia sasanqua 7, 8 medium irregular 8-10' slow to sun, semi- broad-leaved Good foliage and SASANQUA CAMELLIA to medium shade evergreen flowers. Hedges, upright borders.

Sasanqua Cultivar Flower Color Flower Form Plant Form Cultivars ‘Bettie Patricia’ Light Pink Rose form, Double Upright to Spreading Including ‘Bonanza’ Deep Red Semi-Peony Compact Form ‘Cleopatra’ Rose Pink Semi-Double Compact to Spreading ‘Cotton Candy’ Pink Semi-Double, Large Loose, upright to Spreading ‘Jean May’ Shell Pink Semi-Double to Upright to spreading Double, Large ‘Mine-No-Yuki’ White Double, Large Irregular to Spreading ‘Pink Snow’ Light Pink Semi-Double, Large Irregular young, Compact Older Upright ‘Setsugekka’ White Semi-Double, Large Upright Ruffled Petals ‘Sparkling Ruby Rose Peony Form, Large Irrregular to Spreading Burgundy’ ‘Yuletide’ Red Single Upright

Camellia vernalis 7, 8 medium upright 8-10' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved ‘Dawn’ blooms Sept.- VERNAL CAMELLIA shade evergreen March.

Chimonanthus praecox entire coarse irregular 10-15' slow to sun, semi- deciduous Fragrant January WINTERSWEET state medium shade flowers.

Hamamelis × intermedia 6b, 7 coarse upright 12-15' medium sun, semi- deciduous Red to yellow, winter HYBRID WITCH spreading shade to spring flowering. HAZEL

29 Georgia’s Normal Botanical Name and Hardy Ga Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Rate Exposure Class Remarks

Hamamelis virginiana entire coarse irregular 12-15' medium sun, semi- deciduous Naturalistic sites. COMMON WITCH state shade HAZEL*

Hydrangea paniculata entire coarse upright 8-15' medium sun, semi- deciduous Showy white flowers ‘Tardiva’ state shade in late summer. TARDIVA HYDRANGEA

Hydrangea quercifolia entire coarse rounded 8-10' medium semi-shade deciduous Naturalistic. Large OAKLEAF state white flowers, wine HYDRANGEA* red fall color.

Ilex × ‘Mary Nell’ 7, 8 medium upright 10-15' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Glossy foliage with MARY NELL HOLLY pyramid shade evergreen bright red fruits.

Ilex × ‘Emily Bruner’ 7, 8 medium pyra- 12-15' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Dark foliage with EMILY BRUNER midal shade evergreen large red berries. HOLLY

Ilex × ‘Nellie R. Stevens’ entire coarse upright 10-20' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Dark foliage with NELLIE R. STEVENS state to fast shade evergreen large red berries. HOLLY

Ilex × attenuata‘Fosteri’ entire medium upright 10-15' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Specimen or hedges FOSTER’S HOLLY state pyramid shade evergreen with red berries.

Ilex cassine 7, 8 medium upright 10-15' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Hedges, borders. DAHOON HOLLY* shade evergreen

Ilex cornuta ‘Burfordii’ 7, 8 coarse oval 8-12' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Specimen or hedges BURFORD HOLLY to fast shade evergreen with heavy red fruit.

Ilex cornuta ‘Anicet 7,8 medium upright 8-15' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Excellent for screens Delcambre’ shade evergreen and hedges. NEEDLE POINT HOLLY

Ilex latifolia 7, 8 coarse upright 10-20' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Specimen or espalier LUSTE RLEAF HOLLY pyra- to fast shade evergreen with bold foliage. midal

Ilex myrtifolia 7, 8 fine upright 10-12' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Naturalistic. Berries MYRTLE HOLLY* shade evergreen red, orange or yellow.

30 Georgia’s Normal Botanical Name and Hardy Ga Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Rate Exposure Class Remarks Ilex vomitoria 7,8 fine upright 10-15' fast sun, semi- broad-leaved Hedges, borders. YAUPON HOLLY* shade evergreen Clipped effects.

Illicium parviflorum 7, 8 coarse upright 8-12' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Light green fragrant SMALL ANISE-TREE* shade evergreen foliage.

Illicium floridanum 7, 8 coarse upright 8-10' medium semi-shade broad-leaved Naturalistic. FLORIDA ANISE* evergreen

Juniperus chinensis entire fine upright- 10-15' medium sun evergreen Specimen. ‘Torulosa’ state irregular conifer HOLLYWOOD JUNIPER

Juniperus chinensis entire fine upright 10-15' slow sun evergreen Specimen. ‘Robusta Green’ state irregular conifer ROBUSTA GREEN JUNIPER

Loropetalum chinese var. 7, 8 medium irregular, 8-12' fast sun, semi- broad-leaved Bright pink spring rubrum rounded shade evergreen flowers. PINK CHINESE FRINGE FLOWER

Michelia figo 8 fine to rounded 10-12' slow sun, semi- broad-leaved Fragrant flowers. BANANA SHRUB medium shade evergreen

Myrica cerifera 7, 8 medium upright 15-20' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Bord ers, hedges and SOUTHERN rounded shade evergreen screens. WAXMYRTLE*

Nerium oleander 8 medium oval 8-12' medium sun broad-leaved Red, white and pink OLEANDER evergreen summer flowers. Poisonous plant.

Osmanthus americanus entire medium upright 10-15' medium semi-shade broad-leaved Borders, naturalistic DEVILWOOD state evergreen sites. OSMANTHUS*

31 Georgia’s Normal Botanical Name and Hardy Ga Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Rate Exposure Class Remarks Osmanthus × fortunei 7, 8 medium rounded 10-15' slow to sun, semi- broad-leaved Tough border or FORTUNE’S medium shade evergreen specimen plant. OSMANTHUS

Osmanthus fragrans 8 medium upright 10-15' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Fragrant, specimen. SWEET OSMANTHUS to fast shade evergreen or TEA OLIVE

Osmanthus heterophyllus 7, 8 medium rounded 8-10' slow to sun, semi- broad-leaved Foundations, hedges, HOLLY OSMANTHUS medium shade evergreen borders.

Pittosporum tobira 8b medium rounded 8-12' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Glossy, green foliage. TOBIRA to fast shade evergreen PITTOSPORUM

Podocarpus macrophyllus 8 medium upright 8-15' medium sun, semi- evergreen Foundations, hedges SOUTHERN YEW, shade conifer or borders. CHINESE PODOCARPUS

Podocarpus macrophyllus 8b medium upright 8-15' medium sun, semi- evergreen Smaller leaves. ‘Maki’ shade conifer CHINESE PODOCARPUS

Punica granatum 8 fine to rounded 10-15' medium sun deciduous Specimen. Orange POMEGRANATE medium flowers.

Pyracantha koidzumii 8 medium irregular 10-12' fast sun broad-leaved Large red berries. FORMOSA FIRETHORN evergreen

Pyracantha × ‘Mohave’ 7, 8 medium upright 8-12' fast sun broad-leaved Masses of orange red MOHAVE FIRETHORN evergreen fruit.

Rhododendron canescens entire medium upright 8-12' slow to semi-shade deciduous White, pink to rose PIEDMONT AZALEA* state to medium flowers. irregular

32 Georgia’s Normal Botanical Name and Hardy Ga Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Rate Exposure Class Remarks Rhododendron prunifolium entire medium upright 8-10' slow to semi-shade deciduous Flowers orange red in PLUMLEAF AZALEA* state to medium July and August. rounded

Rhododendron maximum 6b coarse irregular 10-15' medium semi- broad-leaved Specimen. ROSEBAY* shade, evergreen shade

Rhododendron (hybrids) HYBRID 6b, 7 coarse oval to 8-10' medium semi- broad-leaved Require excellent RHODODENDRONS rounded shade, evergreen drainage. Use H-1 & shade H-2 hybrids.

Syringa vulgaris 6b, 7a coarse irregular 8-10' slow to sun, semi- deciduous Fragrant, lilac COMMON LILAC medium shade flowers.

Ternstroemia gymnanthera 7b, 8 medium upright 8-15' slow to sun, semi- broad-leaved Glossy foliage. (Cleyera japonica) medium shade evergreen JAPANASE CLEYERA

Viburnum awabuki 8 coarse upright 8-15' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Lustrous dark green AWABUKI VIBURNUM shade evergreen foliage.

Viburnum odoratissimum 8 coarse rounded 10-15' fast sun, semi- broad-leaved Borders, hedges. SWEET VIBURNUM shade evergreen

Viburnum opulus ‘Roseum’ 6b, 7 coarse irregular 8-10' medium semi-shade deciduous Borders. “Snowball” EUROPEAN SNOW- flower clusters. BALL VIBURNUM

Viburnum plicatum var. 6b, 7 medium rounded 8-15' medium sun, semi- deciduous Abundant snow white tomentosum shade spring blooms. DOUBLEFILE VIBURNUM

Viburnum × rhytidophyllum 6b, 7 coarse irregular 8-10' medium semi-shade broad-leaved Dark green foliage. LEATHERLEAF evergreen Borders. VIBURNUM

Viburnum tinus 8 medium upright 8-10' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Borders, screening. LAURUSTINUS shade evergreen

33 Georgia’s Normal Botanical Name and Hardy Ga Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Rate Exposure Class Remarks Viburnum trilobum 6b, 7 coarse irregular 8-12' medium sun, semi- deciduous Red fruit in fall. AMERICAN to fast shade CRANBERRY BUSH VIBURNUM

Yucca aloifolia entire coarse upright 8-12' medium sun, semi- broad-leaved Hardy. White flowers. SPANISH DAGGER* state shade evergreen

* Denotes native Georgia plant throughout this table.

34 Trees Their Symbolic Forms

Oval

Rounded

Vase

Spreading

Weeping Pyramidal

Columnar Upright

35 Small Trees - 10 to 40 Feet . . .

Small trees are important plants in a landscape since, with a minimum of maintenance, they provide outstanding foliage, flowers and fruits for gardens and public areas. Trees with interesting branching habits are often used as accents in the landscape. Some small evergreen trees provide good year round foliage. Some deciduous trees in this group provide good fall color. Small trees have a place in landscape plans for small lots and houses. They provide proper scale for small areas where often one tree would serve more adequately than several shrubs. Several trees in this size group are good for high backgrounds and screening, providing a taller barrier than shrubs.

. . . and Their Characteristics

Georgia’s Botanical Name and Hardy Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Spread Rate Class Remarks Acer buergerianum entire state medium oval 20-35' 15-25' slow to deciduous Specimen or naturalistic TRIDENT MAPLE medium sites. Tough tree for urban sites.

Acer palmatum entire state fine to horizontal 15-20' 10-15' medium deciduous Specimens with red or JAPANESE MAPLE medium branching green foliage.

Amelanchier arborea 6b, 7 medium oval 30-40' 15-20' medium deciduous Borders. White flowers in SERVICEBERRY* early spring.

Butia capitata 8 medium weeping 15-20' 10-15' medium evergreen Specimen. PINDO PALM palm

Carpinus caroliniana entire state medium irregular 20-30' 15-20' slow deciduous Tough, urban tolerant tree. AMERICAN Wet site tolerant. HORNBEAM*

Cedrus deodara 7, 8 medium pyramidal 30-50' 20-30' medium evergreen Specimen, screening. DEODAR CEDAR conifer

36 Georgia’s Botanical Name and Hardy Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Spread Rate Class Remarks Cercis canadensis entire state medium oval 20-30' 18-20' medium deciduous Spring flowering. EASTERN REDBUD*

Cercis chinensis entire state medium oval 15-20' 10-12' medium deciduous Small spring flowering tree. CHINESE REDBUD

Cercis reniformis 7, 8 medium spreading 15-20' 15-20' medium deciduous Glossy foliage with rosy ‘Oklahoma’ red spring flowers. OKLAHOMA REDBUD

Chionanthus retusus entire state medium spreading 15-25' 10-15' medium deciduous Bright white spring CHINESE FRINGE flowers. TREE

Chionanthus virginicus entire state coarse irregular 12-20' 10-15' slow to deciduous White spring flowers. WHITE FRINGE medium TREE*

Cladrastis kentukea 6b, 7 coarse oval 25-30' 10-12' slow deciduous White flowers and yellow AMERICAN fall color. Specimen. YELLOWWOOD

Cornus florida entire state medium horizontal 15-25' 15-20' slow deciduous Specimen or masses. FLOWERING branching DOGWOOD*

Cornus kousa 6b, 7 medium horizontal 15-25' 15-20' slow deciduous Specimen or small grove. KOUSA DOGWOOD branching

Crataegus phaenopyrum 6b, 7 medium upright to 25-30' 15-20' medium deciduous Red berries in fall. WASHINGTON rounded HAWTHORNE

Eriobotrya japonica 8 coarse rounded 10-20' 10-15' medium broad- Dark green foliage with to fast leaved bold features. LOQUAT evergreen

Halesia tetraptera 6b, 8a medium spreading 20-30' 15-20' medium deciduous White flowers. CAROLINA SILVERBELL*

Ilex × ‘Nellie R. entire state medium to upright 10-20' 8-10' medium broad- Specimen, screening. Stevens’ coarse to fast leaved NELLIE R. STEVENS evergreen HOLLY

37 Georgia’s Botanical Name and Hardy Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Spread Rate Class Remarks Ilex × attenuata entire state medium to upright 10-40' 6-15' medium broad- Specimen, screening. Red coarse pyramidal leaved berries. HYBRID HOLLY evergeen Cultivars Include Cultivar Remarks ‘East Palatka’ Leaves single spined ‘Fosteri' Very pyramidal and dense ‘Savannah’ Light green foliage.

Ilex cassine 7, 8 medium pyramidal 10-20' 8-10' medium broad- Screening. leaved CASSINE HOLLY* evergreen

Ilex opaca entire state coarse pyramidal 20-50' 15-30' medium broad- Dark green foliage. leaved Specimen, screening. AMERICAN evergreen HOLLY*

Ilex opaca ‘Greenleaf’ entire state coarse pyramidal 20-30' 10-15' medium broad- Compact habit of growth. upright leaved GREENLEAF evergreen HOLLY

Ilex vomitoria 7, 8 fine irregular 15-20' 8-10' fast broad- Screening with bright red leaved fruit. YAUPON HOLLY* evergreen

Ilex vomitoria ‘Pendula’ 7, 8 fine weeping 15-20' 8-10' medium broad- Distinctive weeping habit. to fast leaved WEEPING YAUPON evergreen HOLLY*

Juniperus virginiana entire state medium pyramidal 25-40' 15-20' slow evergreen Screen. RED CEDAR* conifer

Koelreuteria bipinnata 7, 8 medium upright 20-30' 15-20' fast deciduous Yellow flowers followed by CHINESE pink pods. FLAMETREE

Koelreuteria paniculata 6b, 8a fine rounded 20-30' 10-15' medium deciduous Yellow flowers in early GOLDENRAIN summer. TREE

Lagerstroemia indica entire state fine upright 6-30' 4-15' medium deciduous White, pink, lavender or COMMON CRAPE- to fast red flowers. Powdery MYRTLE mildew and aphids may become a problem.

38 Georgia’s Botanical Name and Hardy Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Spread Rate Class Remarks Lagerstroemia indica × entire state fine upright 15-30' 10-15' fast deciduous White, pink, lavender or L. fauriei red flowers. Hybrids have HYBRID mildew resistance and CRAPEMYRTLE bloom longer.

Magnolia grandiflora 7, 8 medium upright 15-20' 8-10' medium evergreen Dark green evergreen ‘Little Gem’ foliage on compact plant. LITTLE GEM SOUTHERN MAGNOLIA

Magnolia soulangiana entire state coarse rounded 20-30' 15-20' medium deciduous Pink saucer-like blooms. JAPANESE MAGNOLIA

Magnolia stellata entire state coarse rounded 12-20' 10-15' slow to deciduous White flowers. STAR MAGNOLIA medium

Magnolia virginiana 7, 8 coarse upright 15-20' 10-20' slow semi- White flowers in summer. SWEETBAY evergreen MAGNOLIA*

Malus × ‘Dolgo’ 6b, 7 medium rounded 15-20' 10-15' medium deciduous White flowers followed by DOLGO red to purple fruits. CRABAPPLE Disease resistant.

Malus floribunda 6b, 7 medium rounded 15-20' 15-20' medium deciduous Pinkish-red flowers fading JAPANESE to white. Fruit yellow, red. CRABAPPLE Mostly disease resistant.

Malus ‘Callaway’ 6b, 7 medium rounded 15-20' 15-20' medium deciduous Pink buds, white flowers. CALLAWAY Large 1" reddish fruit. CRABAPPLE Disease resistant.

Oxydendrum arboreum entire state medium to upright 25-30' 15-20' medium deciduous Red fall color. SOURWOOD* coarse

Parkinsomia aculeata 8b fine spreading 15-20' 20-25' rapid deciduous Yellow flowers in spring JERUSALEM- and summer. THORN

Phoenix canariensis 8b coarse upright 30-40' 12-18' medium evergreen Used as accent specimen. CANARY DATE palm PALM

Pinus virginiana 6b, 7 medium pyramidal 20-40' 15-20' medium evergreen Good for screening. VIRGINIA PINE* conifer

39 Georgia’s Botanical Name and Hardy Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Spread Rate Class Remarks Pistacia chinensis entire state fine rounded 30-40' 20-30' fast deciduous Yellow to bright orange- CHINESE red fall color. Hardy and PISTACHE heat tolerant

Prunus × ‘Okame’ entire state medium upright 20-30' 15-20' fast deciduous Early spring rosy pink OKAME CHERRY blooms.

Prunus caroliniana 7, 8 medium oval 20-30' 15-20' fast broad- Susceptible to ice damage. leaved CAROLINA evergreen CHERRYLAUREL*

Prunus cerasifera entire state medium upright 20-30' 15-20' medium deciduous Purplish foliage. ‘Thundercloud’ PURPLELEAF PLUM

Prunus mume entire state medium irregular 15-20' 10-15' slow deciduous Blooms very early in JAPANESE spring. APRICOT

Prunus serralata 6, 7 medium rounded 20-30' 15-20' medium deciduous Deep pink double blooms. ‘Kwanzan’ KWANZAN CHERRY

Prunus subhirtella var. 6b, 7 medium spreading 20-30' 15-25' medium deciduous Specimen. autumnalis FALL BLOOMING CHERRY

Prunus × yedoensis 6b, 8a medium weeping 30-40' 15-20' medium deciduous Specimen. YOSHINO CHERRY

Quercus myrsinifolia 7, 8 medium oval 30-40' 20-30' slow broad- Screen, specimen or small leaved street tree. CHINESE evergreen EVERGREEN OAK

Salix babylonica entire state fine weeping 30-40' 25-35' fast deciduous Specimen. WEEPING WILLOW

40 Georgia’s Botanical Name and Hardy Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Spread Rate Class Remarks Salix matsudana entire state fine weeping 20-30' 10-15' medium deciduous Specimen. Short-lived. ‘Tortuosa’ to fast CONTORTED WILLOW

Sabal palmetto 8 coarse upright 30-40' 8-10' medium evergreen Specimen, groups. CABBAGE palm PALMETTO

Vitex agnus-castus entire state fine vase- 10-15' 10-15' fast deciduous Blue flowers in mid CHASTETREE shaped, summer. White and pink spreading flower forms available.

* Denotes native Georgia plant throughout this table.

41 Large Trees - 40 Feet and Up . . .

In the deep South, the foliage of trees provides protection from the hot summer sun, making them a welcome addition to the landscape. They are the largest and the most perma- nent plant in the landscape. Therefore, large trees should be chosen with care. Hardiness and disease and insect resistance are important considerations. Some of the trees commonly planted in Georgia should not be used because of undesirable characteristics. Trees are important in parks and naturalistic developments, useful for screening and windbreaks, and provide shade and ornament for streets and highways. Many large trees may be used for specimens, displaying outstanding form, foliage or flowers. Another ornamental value of some large deciduous trees is fall color.

. . . and Their Characteristics

Georgia’s Botanical Name and Hardy Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Spread Rate Class Remarks Acer rubrum ‘Franks Red’ 6b, 7 medium rounded 45-50' 35-40' medium deciduous Shade tree with bright red RED SUNSET RED fall color. MAPLE

Acer rubrum ‘October entire medium oval 40-50' 25-35' medium deciduous Shade tree with excellent Glory’ state rounded late red fall color. OCTOBER GLORY RED MAPLE

Acer saccharum 6b, 7 medium oval 50-60' 25-40' medium to deciduous Yellow to reddish fall SUGAR MAPLE* fast color. Shade tree.

Acer saccharum ssp. entire medium oval 40-50' 25-35' medium to deciduous Shade tolerant. Usually floridanum state fast yellow fall color. SOUTHERN SUGAR MAPLE*

42 Georgia’s Botanical Name and Hardy Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Spread Rate Class Remarks Acer saccharum ‘Legacy’ 6b, 7 medium oval 40-50' 25-35' medium deciduous Drought resistant with dark green leathery LEGACY SUGAR leaves. MAPLE

Betula nigra ‘BNMTF’ entire medium oval 40-50' 30-40' fast deciduous Specimen with good heat DURA-HEAT RIVER state tolerance. BIRCH

Betula nigra ‘Cully’ entire medium oval 40-50' 25-35' fast deciduous Specimen. HERITAGE RIVER state BIRCH

Carpinus betulus 6b, 7 medium oval-vase 30-40' 20-30' medium deciduous Narrow when young, ‘Fastigiata’ spreads with age. UPRIGHT EURO- PEAN HORNBEAM

Carya illinoinesis entire medium rounded 50-60' 30-40' medium deciduous Nuts and shade. Branches PECAN state subject to breakage.

Cedrus atlantica 6b, 7 fine to pyramidal 60-80' 25-30' slow to evergreen Specimen tree. ATLAS CEDAR medium medium conifer

Celtis laevigata entire medium upright to 60-80' 25-35' medium deciduous Street and shade tree. SUGAR state rounded HACKBERRY*

Cercidiphyllum japonicum 6b, 7 medium upright 40-60' 30-40' medium deciduous Shade tree, requires ample KATSURA TREE moisture.

Cinnamomum lanceolata 8b medium oval 40-50' 20-30' fast broad- Screening. May self sow. leaved CAMPHORTREE evergreen

Cryptomeria japonica entire fine pyramidal 50-60' 20-30' fast evergreen Specimen and screening. ‘Yoshino’ state conifer JAPANESE CRYTOMERIA

×Cupressocyparis leylandii entire fine pyramidal 50-60' 20-30' fast evergreen Specimen and screening. LEYLAND CYPRESS state conifer

Fagus grandifolia entire coarse rounded 60-80' 35-45' medium deciduous Shade tree. AMERICAN BEECH* state

43 Georgia’s Botanical Name and Hardy Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Spread Rate Class Remarks Ginkgo biloba entire medium irregular 50-70' 30-40' very slow deciduous Yellow fall color. Speci- GINKGO or MAIDEN state men. Select male trees. HAIR TREE

Liquidambar styracifula entire coarse oval 60-80' 40-50' fast deciduous Yellow to orange to state purple fall color. SWEETGUM* Specimen.

Liriodendron tulipfera entire coarse pyramidal 80-100' 30-40' fast deciduous Shade tree, needs adequate TULIPTREE or state moisture. YELLOW POPLAR*

Magnolia grandiflora entire coarse horizontal 60-80' 40-50' slow to broad- Specimen with large white state branching medium leaved flowers. SOUTHERN pyramidal evergreen MAGNOLIA*

Magnolia grandiflora entire course pyramidal 40-60' 15-30' medium broad- Compact, dense pyramidal ‘Bracken’s Brown state leaved specimen. Beauty’ evergreen BRACKEN’S BROWN BEAUTY MAGNOLIA

Metasequoia 6b, 7 fine upright 80-100' 25-30' fast deciduous Specimen or screen, glyptostroboides conifer tolerant of wet sites. DAWN REDWOOD

Nyssa sylvatica entire medium oval 40-50' 25-30' medium deciduous Naturalistic gardens. BLACK TUPELO* state

Pinus elliottii 8 medium horizontal 80-100' 15-20' fast evergreen Mass plantings. SLASH PINE* branching conifer

Pinus palustris 8 medium horizontal 80-100' 20-25' fast evergreen Mass plantings. LONGLEAF PINE* branching conifer

Pinus strobus 6b, 7 medium pyramidal 50-80' 20-40' medium evergreen Specimen or screening WHITE PINE* conifer tree.

Pinus taeda entire medium horizontal 60-80' 20-30' fast evergreen Mass plantings and LOBLOLLY PINE* state branching conifer screening.

Platanus occidentalis entire coarse upright 80-100' 40-50' fast deciduous Shade tree. SYCAMORE or state PLANETREE*

44 Georgia’s Botanical Name and Hardy Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Spread Rate Class Remarks

Platanus ×acerifolia entire coarse upright 70-100' 50-60' fast deciduous Shade tree with urban LONDON state tolerance. PLANETREE

Quercus alba entire medium rounded 60-100' 40-60' slow deciduous Shade tree, difficult to WHITE OAK* state to coarse transplant.

Quercus coccinea entire medium rounded 60-80' 30-40' medium deciduous Scarlet fall color. Shade. SCARLET OAK* state

Quercus falcata entire coarse rounded 70-80' 30-60' medium deciduous Sheds old leaves in early SOUTHERN RED state spring. Shade tree. OAK*

Quercus hemisphaerica 7, 8 medium rounded 60-80' 40-60' medium semi- Drought tolerant street LAUREL OAK or evergreen tree. DARLINGTON OAK*

Quercus laurifolia 7, 8 medium rounded 60-80' 30-40' medium semi- Shade. Sheds leaves earlier SWAMP LAUREL evergreen than Laurel Oak. OAK*

Quercus lyrata entire medium rounded 40-60' 30-40' medium deciduous Transplants well, adapts OVERCUP OAK* state to poor sites. Strong oval form when young.

Quercus nigra entire medium rounded 50-80' 40-50' medium to deciduous Shade tree. WATER OAK* state fast

Quercus nuttallii entire medium rounded 40-60' 30-40' fast deciduous Shade tree with red fall NUTTALL OAK state color. Transplants well.

Quercus palustris 6b, 7 medium pyramidal 50-60' 25-40' medium deciduous Shade or specimen tree. PIN OAK

Quercus phellos entire fine rounded 40-60' 30-60' medium deciduous Yellow fall color, shade WILLOW OAK* state tree.

Quercus shumardii entire medium pyramidal 60-80' 50-60' medium deciduous Russet red fall color. SHUMARD OAK* state to rounded Good street tree.

45 Georgia’s Botanical Name and Hardy Growth COMMON NAME Zone Texture Form Height Spread Rate Class Remarks Quercus virginiana 7, 8 medium rounded, 40-80' 60-100' medium broad- Shade or specimen tree. LIVE OAK* spreading leaved evergreen

Taxodium distichum entire fine pyramidal 50-70' 20-30' medium deciduous Specimen with small BALD CYPRESS* state bright green leaves.

Tsuga canadensis 6b, 7 fine to pyramidal 40-70' 25-35' medium evergreen Specimen, screening. Best CANADIAN medium conifer in filtered shade in pied- HEMLOCK* mont.

Ulmus parvifolia entire fine to vase 40-60' 30-40' fast deciduous Quick shade. Often con- TRUE CHINESE ELM state medium shaped fused with Siberian elm. or LACEBARK ELM

Ulmus parvifolia entire fine rounded 30-40' 40-55' fast deciduous Specimen or shade for ‘Elmer I’ state urban areas. Drought ATHENA LACEBARK tolerant and pest free. ELM

Ulmus parvifolia entire fine vase 50-75' 40-60' fast deciduous Specimen or shade for ‘Elmer II’ state shaped urban areas. Drought ALLEE LACEBARK tolerant and pest free. ELM

Zelkova serrata entire fine to vase 60-80' 40-60' fast deciduous Shade or street tree with ‘Green Vase’ state medium shaped fast growth. GREEN VASE JAPANESE ZELKOVA

Zelkova serrata entire fine to vase 40-60' 30-40' fast deciduous Excellent street tree with ‘Village Green’ state medium shaped rusty red fall color. VILLAGE GREEN JAPANESE ZELKOVA

* Denotes native Georgia plant throughout this table.

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