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Grape Insects +6134
Ann. Rev. Entomo! 1976. 22:355-76 Copyright © 1976 by Annual Reviews Inc. All rights reserved GRAPE INSECTS +6134 Alexandre Bournier Chaire de Zoologie, Ecole Nationale Superieure Agronornique, 9 Place Viala, 34060 Montpellier-Cedex, France The world's vineyards cover 10 million hectares and produce 250 million hectolitres of wine, 70 million hundredweight of table grapes, 9 million hundredweight of dried grapes, and 2.5 million hundredweight of concentrate. Thus, both in terms of quantities produced and the value of its products, the vine constitutes a particularly important cultivation. THE HOST PLANT AND ITS CULTIVATION The original area of distribution of the genus Vitis was broken up by the separation of the continents; although numerous species developed, Vitis vinifera has been cultivated from the beginning for its fruit and wine producing qualities (43, 75, 184). This cultivation commenced in Transcaucasia about 6000 B.C. Subsequent human migration spread its cultivation, at firstaround the Mediterranean coast; the Roman conquest led to the plant's progressive establishment in Europe, almost to its present extent. Much later, the WesternEuropeans planted the grape vine wherever cultiva tion was possible, i.e. throughout the temperate and warm temperate regions of the by NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSITY on 02/01/10. For personal use only. world: North America, particularly California;South America,North Africa, South Annu. Rev. Entomol. 1977.22:355-376. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org Africa, Australia, etc. Since the commencement of vine cultivation, man has attempted to increase its production, both in terms of quality and quantity, by various means including selection of mutations or hybridization. -
Response of Orthoptera Assemblages to Management of Montane Grasslands in the Western Carpathians
Biologia 66/6: 1127—1133, 2011 Section Zoology DOI: 10.2478/s11756-011-0115-1 Response of Orthoptera assemblages to management of montane grasslands in the Western Carpathians Vladimíra Fabriciusová, Peter Kaňuch &AntonKrištín* Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Ľ. Štúra 2,SK-96053 Zvolen, Slovakia; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Montane grassy habitats in the Western Carpathians are relatively well preserved, maintain high species richness and are often important in accordance to the nature conservation policy in Europe. However, knowledge about the impact of farming on the habitat quality there is rather poor. The influence of various management types (permanent sheep pen, irregular grazing, mowing) on Orthoptera diversity and species determining assemblages of these habitats were analysed on 72 plots in Poľana Mts Biosphere Reserve. Altogether, 36 Orthoptera species (15 Ensifera, 21 Caelifera) were found, whereas the highest number of species was found on plots with irregular grazing (28 species), followed by plots with mown grass (17) and permanent sheep pens (14). All four measures of the assemblages’ diversity confirmed significant differences. Using Discriminant Function Analysis, correct classification rate of Orthoptera assemblages was unambiguous according to the type of management. Each form of the management harboured several characteristic species. Thus implications regarding the biodiversity conservation and grassland management were given. Key words: bush-crickets; grasshoppers; pasture; ecology; nature conservation Introduction or the influence of plant succession in meadows without any management (Marini et al. 2009). Higher species Various systems used to manage grasslands have a diversity was found in grazed compared to mowed significant influence on plant and animal communi- meadows in alpine habitats (Wettstein & Schmid 1999; ties, their species richness and abundance (Kampmann Kampmann et al. -
Atlas Dels Ortòpters De Catalunya Atles De Biodiversitat, N
Atlas dels Ortòpters de Catalunya Atles de Biodiversitat, n. 1 © Generalitat de Catalunya Departament de Medi Ambient Autor: Josep Maria Olmo-Vidal Disseny: Richard Martín Format de citació recomanat / Formato de citación recomendado / Recommended citation format: Olmo-Vidal, J. M., 2002. Atlas dels Ortòpters de Catalunya/ Atlas de los Ortópteros de Cataluña/ Atlas of Orthoptera of Catalonia. CD-ROOM. Generalitat de Catalunya. Departament de Mediambient. Barcelona. 460 p. Internet data base: http://www.gencat.net/mediamb/fauna/ortopters.htm Data de publicació i difusió: 13 de setembre de 2002. ISBN: 84-393-5850-4 Dipòsit Legal: B-41383-2002 AGRAÏMENTS Primerament voldria agrair la paciència que han tingut amb mi tota la meva família i amics durant aquests anys. A l’Esther i als meus fills Lluc i Adrià, els quals m’han ajudat des del primer moment. Als meus pares i al meu germà. Voldria també expressar el meu agraïment a la gent del Museu de Zoologia de Barcelona, especialment al Sr. Joan Vives, “Senyor Vives”, el qual m’hagués agradat molt que hagués vist el llibre acabat. La influència que vaig tenir d’ell com a entomòleg i com a persona seria molt llarga d’explicar encara que sempre recordaré el seu entusiasme extrem per ensenyar i transmetre els seus coneixements a tothom. També al Sr. Espanyol que ens aconsellava sobre diversificar els nostres esforços a altres grups que no fossin els coleòpters i els lepidòpters, i en aquest cas així va ser. També agrair a Oleguer Escolà i a tot el personal del Museu durant tots aquest anys. -
Bracken Fern (Pteridium Aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) Overgrowth on Dry Alpine Grassland Impedes Red List Orthoptera but Supports Local Orthopteran Beta Diversity
Journal of Insect Conservation https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-021-00333-8 ORIGINAL PAPER Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) overgrowth on dry Alpine grassland impedes Red List Orthoptera but supports local orthopteran beta diversity Jürg Schlegel1 · Matthias Riesen1 Received: 2 January 2021 / Accepted: 8 June 2021 © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract The native bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn) has become increasingly invasive in abandoned or undergrazed Alpine grasslands. Bracken stands are generally assumed to be poor in species, but there is still very little information about the impact on the fauna. We recorded Orthoptera communities of 24 sample plots with varying bracken cover. Compared to plots with only sparse or medium bracken cover, species richness was highly signifcantly lower in densely overgrown plots, while the former two did not difer markedly. Multivariate ordination analyses revealed gradients with unequal orthopteran communities, showing distinct patterns of bracken cover clustering. Based on indicator values, 13 of 23 Orthoptera species turned out to be signifcantly or marginally signifcantly associated with a single bracken cover stratum or a combination of two strata, whereby all nine Red List species were primarily restricted to sparse or medium bracken cover. However, some generalist species were found to favor denser bracken stands, such as Tettigonia viridissima, contributing to the local Orthoptera beta diversity. Our data suggest that ongoing rotational sheep grazing with temporary paddocks is regarded as the most preferable management system. However, selected parts of the study area, which have only sparse vegetation and no pressure of bracken or scrub overgrowth, are recommended to be alternately left ungrazed for a few years to allow for the coexistence of diferent successional stages. -
A New Genus and New Species (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae) from India
Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2016) 40: 157-163 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1501-5 A new genus and new species (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Oedipodinae) from India Hirdesh KUMAR*, Mohd. Kamil USMANI Section of Entomology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India Received: 05.01.2015 Accepted/Published Online: 05.09.2015 Final Version: 05.02.2016 Abstract: A new genus of Oedipodinae, Chinabacris Kumar and Usmani gen. n. (type species Chinabacris trisulcata Kumar and Usmani sp. n.), is described and illustrated from India. The description was based on both conventional morphological and genitalic characters. The identifying features of the new genus are the dorso-ventrally compressed body and median carina of pronotum crossed by three transverse sulci. A key to the Indian genera of the subfamily Oedipodinae is also provided. Key words: Orthoptera, Chinabacris, Oedipodinae, new genus, new species, India 1. Introduction terminology used for external morphology is similar to that The members of Oedipodinae occur worldwide, used by Uvarov (1966); for describing the male genitalia particularly in temperate zones and most commonly in that given by Dirsh (1965) is used and for describing the semiarid regions (Gomez et al., 2012). Its members are female genitalia that given by Slifer (1939) and Agarwala distinguished from the remaining acridids by the antennae (1952). The holotype and paratypes of the new species longer than the front femora, vertical frons, pronotum are deposited in the Zoology Museum, Aligarh Muslim rarely produced over the abdomen, absence of prosternal University, India. process, claws of the tarsi provided with an arolium, posterior tibia without external apical spine, and second 2. -
IX. Effets Prévisibles Du Projet
Agence PACA IX. Effets prévisibles du projet Afin de bien évaluer les effets du projet, il est indispensable d’analyser un panel de critères préalablement définis : la nature de l’effet, le type d’impacts : direct ou indirect. Les impacts directs expriment une relation de cause à effet entre une composante du projet (de l’implantation, la mise en marche, le fonctionnement jusqu’à l’arrêt de l’exploitation) et un élément de l’environnement (habitats, populations, espèces…). Les impacts indirects sont plus difficilement qualifiables et quantifiables puisqu’ entre l’action et sa conséquence subsiste une distance temporelle et/ou spatiale. Ces impacts peuvent également être un prolongement des impacts directs. la durée d’impacts : permanente ou temporaire. Les impacts permanents sont également évalués en considérant toute la durée du projet. Ces impacts se caractérisent par leur persistance durant les phases de l’exploitation et après la cessation des activités d’extraction. Les impacts temporaires sont souvent liés à des phases de travaux limités dans le temps, ils sont donc circonscrits temporellement jusqu’à l’interruption de la source de perturbation. la portée d’impacts : L’analyse de la répartition des espèces et habitats concernés par le projet permet d’évaluer la portée des impacts à différentes échelles. L’impact est d’autant plus fort que la répartition de l’espèce à une échelle donnée est réduite. IX.1 Synthèse des effets prévisibles du projet sur les milieux naturels Le tableau suivant liste les effets prévisibles du projet sur les habitats naturels, la flore et la faune. Les impacts seront détaillés dans les paragraphes suivants. -
Orthoptera: Acrididae)
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/119560; this version posted March 22, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 1 2 Ecological drivers of body size evolution and sexual size dimorphism 3 in short-horned grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) 4 5 Vicente García-Navas1*, Víctor Noguerales2, Pedro J. Cordero2 and Joaquín Ortego1 6 7 8 *Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected] 9 Department of Integrative Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Avda. Américo 10 Vespucio s/n, Seville E-41092, Spain 11 12 13 Running head: SSD and body size evolution in Orthopera 14 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/119560; this version posted March 22, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. 15 Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) is widespread and variable in nature. Although female-biased 16 SSD predominates among insects, the proximate ecological and evolutionary factors promoting 17 this phenomenon remain largely unstudied. Here, we employ modern phylogenetic comparative 18 methods on 8 subfamilies of Iberian grasshoppers (85 species) to examine the validity of 19 different models of evolution of body size and SSD and explore how they are shaped by a suite 20 of ecological variables (habitat specialization, substrate use, altitude) and/or constrained by 21 different evolutionary pressures (female fecundity, strength of sexual selection, length of the 22 breeding season). -
Bollettino Della Società Entomologica Italiana
Poste Italiane S.p.A. ISSN 0373-3491 Spedizione in Abbonamento Postale - 70% DCB Genova BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETÀ ENTOMOLOGICA ITALIANA Volume 150 Fascicolo I gennaio-aprile 2018 30 aprile 2018 SOCIETÀ ENTOMOLOGICA ITALIANA via Brigata Liguria 9 Genova SOCIETÀ ENTOMOLOGICA ITALIANA Sede di Genova, via Brigata Liguria, 9 presso il Museo Civico di Storia Naturale n Consiglio Direttivo 2018-2020 Presidente: Francesco Pennacchio Vice Presidente: Roberto Poggi Segretario: Davide Badano Amministratore/Tesoriere: Giulio Gardini Bibliotecario: Antonio Rey Direttore delle Pubblicazioni: Pier Mauro Giachino Consiglieri: Alberto Alma, Alberto Ballerio, Andrea Battisti, Marco A. Bologna, Achille Casale, Marco Dellacasa, Loris Galli, Gianfranco Liberti, Bruno Massa, Massimo Meregalli, Luciana Tavella, Stefano Zoia Revisori dei Conti: Enrico Gallo, Sergio Riese, Giuliano Lo Pinto Revisori dei Conti supplenti: Giovanni Tognon, Marco Terrile n Consulenti Editoriali PAOLO AUDISIO (Roma) - EMILIO BALLETTO (Torino) - MAURIZIO BIONDI (L’Aquila) - MARCO A. BOLOGNA (Roma) PIETRO BRANDMAYR (Cosenza) - ROMANO DALLAI (Siena) - MARCO DELLACASA (Calci, Pisa) - ERNST HEISS (Innsbruck) - MANFRED JÄCH (Wien) - FRANCO MASON (Verona) - LUIGI MASUTTI (Padova) - MASSIMO MEREGALLI (Torino) - ALESSANDRO MINELLI (Padova)- IGNACIO RIBERA (Barcelona) - JOSÉ M. SALGADO COSTAS (Leon) - VALERIO SBORDONI (Roma) - BARBARA KNOFLACH-THALER (Innsbruck) - STEFANO TURILLAZZI (Firenze) - ALBERTO ZILLI (Londra) - PETER ZWICK (Schlitz). ISSN 0373-3491 BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETÀ ENTOMOLOGICA ITALIANA Fondata nel 1869 - Eretta a Ente Morale con R. Decreto 28 Maggio 1936 Volume 150 Fascicolo I gennaio-aprile 2018 30 aprile 2018 REGISTRATO PRESSO IL TRIBUNALE DI GENOVA AL N. 76 (4 LUGLIO 1949) Prof. Achille Casale - Direttore Responsabile Spedizione in Abbonamento Postale 70% - Quadrimestrale Pubblicazione a cura di PAGEPress - Via A. Cavagna Sangiuliani 5, 27100 Pavia Stampa: Press Up srl, via La Spezia 118/C, 00055 Ladispoli (RM), Italy S OCIETÀ E NTOMOLOGICA I TA L I A NA via Brigata Liguria 9 Genova BOLL. -
CBD Fourth National Report
Regeringsbeslut 9 REG ERI NG EN 2009-04-02 M2009/385/Na Miljiidepartementet Secretariatof the Conventionon BiologicalDiversity Vorld TradeCenter 413Saint Jacques Street, Suite 800 MontrealQC H2Y 1N9 KANADA Sverigesfjirde nationalrapporttill konventionenom biologiskmingfald 1 bilaga Regeringensbeslut Regeringenbeslutar att overhmnaSveriges fjarde nationalrapport till konventionenom biologiskmingfald. Rapportens lydelse framgir av bilagan. Arendet Sompart till konventionenhar Sverigeforbundit sig att medjemna mellanrumrapportera till konventionenssekretariat om genomforandet. Derta er fjardetillfallet for en sidannationalrapport. Formerna for rapportenbeslutades av konventionens ittonde partsmote 2008. Underlagetfor rapportenhar tagitsfram avNaturvirdsverket med hjalp av Centrum for biologisktmingfald, efter samridmed berorda myndig- heter,i enlighetmed regleringsbrevet for Naturvirdsverketfor ZOO8. s vdgnar 4 ,turtK MichaelLofroth Postadre$ Telefonvdxel E-p6t 103 33 Stmkhoh 08-405l0 00 registrattrOenvironment.ministry.s€ Besdksadrcs Teletil Telex Tegelbacken2 oa-24t629 154 99 MTNENS Fourth national report to the Convention on Biological Diversity Sweden Fourth National Report Sweden Contents CONTENTS 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 Key actions taken 6 Overall status and trends in biodiversity, and major threats 6 Areas where national implementation has been most effective or most lacking, and some obstacles 9 Future priorities 10 1. OVERVIEW OF BIODIVERSITY STATUS, TRENDS AND THREATS 11 1.1 Introduction 11 1.2 A general overview 11 1.2.1 Introduction 11 1.2.2 Status and trends 12 1.2.3 Threats 14 1.3 Agricultural ecosystems 15 1.3.1 Introduction 15 1.3.2 Status and trends 16 1.3.3 Threats 17 1.4 Forest ecosystems 20 1.4.1 Introduction 20 1.4.2 Status and trends 21 1.4.3 Threats 27 1.5 Inland waters 31 1.5.1 Introduction 31 1.5.2 Status and trends 32 1.5.3 Threats 34 1.6 Marine and coastal areas 35 1.6.1 Introduction 35 1.6.2 Status and trends 35 1.6.3 Threats 36 1.7 Mountain ecosystems 36 1.7.1 Introduction 36 1.7.2 Status and trends 36 1.7.3 Threats 36 2. -
Song Dissertation
SYSTEMATICS OF CYRTACANTHACRIDINAE (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) WITH A FOCUS ON THE GENUS SCHISTOCERCA STÅL 1873: EVOLUTION OF LOCUST PHASE POLYPHENISM AND STUDY OF INSECT GENITALIA DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Hojun Song, M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 2006 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Dr. John W. Wenzel, Advisor Dr. Norman F. Johnson ______________________________ Dr. Johannes S. H. Klompen Advisor Graduate Program in Entomology Copyright by Hojun Song 2006 ABSTRACT The systematics of Cyrtacanthacridinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is investigated to study the evolution of locust phase polyphenism, biogeography, and the evolution of male genitalia. In Chapter Two, I present a comprehensive taxonomic synopsis of the genus Schistocerca Stål. I review the taxonomic history, include an identification key to species, revise the species concepts of six species and describe a new species. In Chapter Three, I present a morphological phylogeny of Schistocerca, focusing on the biogeography. The phylogeny places the desert locust S. gregaria deep within the New World clade, suggesting that the desert locust originated from the New World. In Chapter Four, I review the systematics of Cyrtacanthacridinae and present a phylogeny based on morphology. Evolution of taxonomically important characters is investigated using a character optimization analysis. The biogeography of the subfamily is also addressed. In Chapter Five, I present a comprehensive review the recent advances in the study of locust phase polyphenism from various disciplines. The review reveals that locust phase polyphenism is a complex phenomenon consisting of numerous density-dependent phenotypically plastic traits. -
Population, Ecology and Morphology of Saga Pedo (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) at the Northern Limit of Its Distribution
Eur. J. Entomol. 104: 73–79, 2007 http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1200 ISSN 1210-5759 Population, ecology and morphology of Saga pedo (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) at the northern limit of its distribution ANTON KRIŠTÍN and PETER KAĕUCH Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Štúrova 2, 960 53 Zvolen, Slovakia; e-mail: [email protected] Key words. Tettigoniidae, survival strategies, endangered species, large insect predators, ecological limits Abstract. The bush-cricket Saga pedo, one of the largest predatory insects, has a scattered distribution across 20 countries in Europe. At the northern boundary of its distribution, this species is most commonly found in Slovakia and Hungary. In Slovakia in 2003–2006, 36 known and potentially favourable localities were visited and at seven this species was recorded for the first time. This species has been found in Slovakia in xerothermic forest steppes and limestone grikes (98% of localities) and on slopes (10–45°) with south-westerly or westerly aspects (90%) at altitudes of 220–585 m a.s.l. (mean 433 m, n = 20 localities). Most individuals (66%) were found in grass-herb layers 10–30 cm high and almost 87% within 10 m of a forest edge (oak, beech and hornbeam being prevalent). The maximum density was 12 nymphs (3rd–5th instar) / 1000 m2 (July 4, 510 m a.s.l.). In a comparison of five present and previous S. pedo localities, 43 species of Orthoptera were found in the present and 37 in previous localities. The mean numbers and relative abundance of species in present S. -
THE CURRENT STATUS of ORTHOPTEROID INSECTS in BRITAIN and IRELAND by Peter G
THE CURRENT STATUS OF ORTHOPTEROID INSECTS IN BRITAIN AND IRELAND by Peter G. Sutton, Björn C. Beckmann & Brian Nelson INTRODUCTION This article provides an overview of the changes that have occurred within the orthopteroid fauna of Britain and Ireland since the last distribution atlas was published in 1997 (Haes & Harding, 1997). It provides the current IUCN status of the scarce and threatened species in Britain in accordance with their recent reassessment (Sutton, 2015a) and discusses the future prognosis for this group of insects in Britain and Ireland. It also highlights recent developments of the Orthoptera Recording Scheme with particular reference to the collection of distribution map data using new technologies. Changes to the orthopteroid fauna of Britain and Ireland have been assessed in the landmark publications by Ragge (1965), Marshall & Haes (1988), Haes & Harding (1997) and more recently, Benton (2012), and have also been comprehensively reviewed by Marshall (1974, 2001, 2010). In addition, a regular and ongoing summary of these changes has been provided by the Grasshoppers and Relatives section of British Wildlife magazine (Haes, 1990‒1995; Widgery 1995‒2002; Sutton, 2002‒2016), and in the Orthoptera Recording Scheme newsletters (1‒22 (Haes, 1979‒1995); 23‒28 (Widgery, 1996‒2002) and 29‒33 (Beckmann & Sutton, 2013‒2016)). Field Cricket Gryllus campestris . Adult male at a West Sussex reintroduction site, 1 June 2013 (Photo: D. Browne). 6 Atropo s 59 www.atropos.info THE ORTHOPTEROID FAUNA The orthopteroid insects include some of the largest and most spectacular insects to be found in Britain and Ireland, such as the beautiful Large Marsh Grasshopper Stethophyma grossum .