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A Missiological Assessment of Ethnicity in Urban Anglican Churches in Zambia: a Case Study of the Establishment and Growth of St Mary Magdalene’S Church, Kabulonga

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A Missiological Assessment of Ethnicity in Urban Anglican Churches in Zambia: a Case Study of the Establishment and Growth of St Mary Magdalene’S Church, Kabulonga A missiological assessment of ethnicity in urban Anglican churches in Zambia: a case study of the establishment and growth of St Mary Magdalene’s Church, Kabulonga. R. H. Banda Mini-dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts ( Missiology) at the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University. Supervisor: Dr. P.J. BUYS, Secondary Supervisor: Dr. F. Moyo. APRIL, 2013. 1 ABSTRACT This research examines present day urban Anglican churches in Zambia which are ethnically “homogeneous” in a heavily multi-ethnic environment. I give Attention to the understanding of the biblical, theological, and missiological background and seek to find a way to attract many ethnic groups into the churches. The research notes that the present scenario does not represent a healthy urban church. I argue that a biblical, theological and holistic Gospel proclamation, that is, in word and deeds, will attract other ethnic groups into the urban church and make it truly multi-ethnic and multi- cultural. KEY TERMS Anglican churches in Zambia, Culture, Ethnicity, Homogenous Unit Principle, mission, mission station, missiology, UMCA, urban, 2 ABBREVIATIONS ACC Anglican Consultative Council ACO Anglican Communion Office CPCA Church of the Province of Central Africa CPSA Church of the Province of Southern Africa (Now Anglican Church of the Southern Africa- ACSA) CSO Central Statistical Office HUP Homogeneous Unit Principle UMCA Universities Mission to Central Africa 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I wish to give thanks to the Lord to the following people for their love and support in seeing this study come to realty: 1. Collium Banda, a Phd student at Stellenbosch University, with whom I debated the subject of ethnicity in the Anglican Churches in Zambia which resulted in this research. 2. Postgraduate students at George Whitefield College, Messers James Cuenod, Ben Kibara, Saul Mateyu, Pastors Jacob Igba, Timothy Myambo and Mishek Mbuvi. 3. Dr John Newby for editing chapters 1,2 and 4 free of charge and Mrs Beverly Pratt for editing chapters 3,5 and 6. 4. Ms. Astrid Heskin, Mr. Stephan Kratz sourcing books for me (MHSRIP). 5. Mr Graham Naude, the Head Librarian, 6. Mrs Jane Kratz, Assistant Dean of Postgraduate studies at GWC. 7. Rev Alan P Beckman, Registrar at GWC for his support. 8. Rev Dr. Ben Shikwati Keya, George Whitefield College (GWC) Research Fellow an Anglican Church of Kenya. 9. Rev Dr Nathan Lovell, Old Testament lecturer, 10. Revd Dr Ben Dean, Dean of Postgraduate studies. 11. Prof David Seccombe, Principal of George Whitefield College, for the encouragements received in my studies. 12. Dr Rose and Mr Abraham Makano who help me with statistics from the Central Statistics Office in Lusaka. 13. The Archbishop of the Church Province of Central Africa, the Most Rev Albert Chama, Rt.Rev D. Kamukwamba, Bishop of Central Zambia, Rt. Rev R Mumbi, Bishop of Luapula, Rt. Rev D Njovu, Bishop of Lusaka and Rt. Rev W. Mchombo Bishop of Eastern Zambia who kindly granted me sabbatical to study. 14. Bishop David Njovu and Rev Gabriel Phiri, the Parish Priest of St. Mary Magdalene‟s Church, Kabulonga, Lusaka for granting me permission to carryout study in the congregation. Dr Fabulous Moyo for the support and co-supervising this study with Dr P J Buys. Rev Dr P. J (Flip) Buys the supervisor of this study. His comments and encouragements were second to none. May the Living LORD and Saviour Jesus Christ richly bless him. Last but not least of all to my beloved wife Esther Yawawa. I praise the Lord for her prayers and support. “Woe to me if I do not preach the gospel!” 1 Corinthians 9: 16 4 Contents CHAPTER 1. ........................................................................................................................................ 7 INTRODUCTION WITH BACKGROUND AND PROBLEM STATEMENT ....................... 7 1.1 My personal interest. ..................................................................................................................... 7 1.2 Background. .................................................................................................................................. 7 1.3 Problem statement ....................................................................................................................... 11 1.4 Research Questions ..................................................................................................................... 11 1.5 Aims and Objectives. .................................................................................................................. 11 1.6 Central theoretical argument ....................................................................................................... 12 1.7 Methodology ............................................................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER 2 ........................................................................................................................................ 14 GENERAL CHALLENGES URBAN ANGLICAN CHURCHES FACE IN ATTRACTING MULTI ETHNIC GROUPS ........................................................................................................... 14 2.1 Introduction. ..................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Historical Developments and Theological Premises of urban multi-ethnic mission: Establishment of St. Mary Magdalene‟s Church, Kabulonga ........................................................... 14 2.2.1 The Comity Agreement ........................................................................................................ 14 2.2.1.1 The history of the Anglican Mission Stations ................................................................... 15 2.2.2 The European Anglican community in urban places ........................................................... 16 2.2.3 St. Mary Magdalene‟s Church, Kabulonga, Lusaka ............................................................ 17 2.2.4 The migration from the mission stations to urban places..................................................... 18 2.2.5 The perpetuation of the homogeneous unit focus by the nationals .................................... 20 2.2.6 The challenges of integrating people from other ethnic groups .................................... 22 2.2.7 The Theological reasons for planting St. Mary Magdalene‟s Church, Kabulonga ....... 30 2.3 Preliminary Conclusion......................................................................................................... 33 CHAPTER 3 ........................................................................................................................................ 35 THE HOMOGENEOUS UNIT PRINCIPLE AND ITS RELEVANCE FOR EFFECTIVE MISSION .............................................................................................................................. 35 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 35 3.2 Analysis and evaluation of the applicability of the Homogeneous Unit Principle in the urban Zambian context................................................................................................................................ 35 3.2.1 The advantages and disadvantages to the HUP approach in mission ................................. 36 3.2.2 The relevance of the homogenous unit ................................................................................ 46 3.2.3 The effectiveness of the Homogeneous Unit Principle ........................................................ 50 5 3.2.4 St. Mary Magdalene‟s Church and the Homogeneous Unit Principle ................................. 51 3.3 Preliminary conclusion ............................................................................................................... 53 CHAPTER 4 ....................................................................................................................................... 55 BIBLICAL THEOLOGICAL REFLECTION ON HEALTHY MULTI-ETHNIC URBAN MISSION IN ZAMBIA ......................................................................................................... 55 4.1 Introduction. ................................................................................................................................ 55 4.2 General understanding of missio Dei. ......................................................................................... 55 4.2.1 Theological reflection on compassion for cities ................................................................ 55 4.3 Biblical and theological perspectives on ethnicity in mission .................................................... 57 4.3.1 Ethnicity in mission ........................................................................................................... 59 4.3.2 Multi-ethnic and multi-cultural in mission ........................................................................ 59 4.3.3 Biblical theological reflection on unity and diversity ........................................................ 63 4.3.4 Urban healthy Church ........................................................................................................ 75 4. 3.5 Analysis of a healthy church 75 4. 3.6 Relevance of these Signs of a Healthy Church 81 4.4 Biblical and Theological Principles observed for urban mission ................................................ 82 4.5 Preliminary
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