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Towards Multifunctionality of Rural Natural Environments? - a Social Evaluation of the Extended Buffer Zones Along Danish Rivers, Streams and Lakes

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Towards Multifunctionality of Rural Natural Environments? - a Social Evaluation of the Extended Buffer Zones Along Danish Rivers, Streams and Lakes Towards multifunctionality of rural natural environments? - A social evaluation of the extended buffer zones along Danish rivers, streams and lakes Angela Münch Stine Pilgaard Porner Nielsen Viktor Jozsef Racz Anne-Mette Hjalager October 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this REPORT may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without the written permission of CLF except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. © University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg and the author, 2010 © University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg and the authors, 2013. Danish Centre for Rural Research CLF REPORT 26/2013 ISBN 978-87-91304-73-6 The authors Danish Centre for Rural Research Department of Environmental and Business Economics University of Southern Denmark Niels Bohrs Vej 9-10 DK-6700 Esbjerg Tel: 6550 4221 Fax: 6550 1091 E-mail: [email protected] 2 Table of Contents Foreword............................................................................................................. 5 Sammenfatning ................................................................................................... 7 Summary........................................................................................................... 13 1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 17 2 Literature review ....................................................................................... 21 2.1 Valuations methods............................................................................ 21 2.2 Valuations studies in Denmark .......................................................... 22 2.3 International valuations studies ......................................................... 23 3 Project area ................................................................................................ 27 4 Stakeholders’ attitudes towards awareness and use of buffer zones ......... 31 4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 31 4.2 Methodological Framework ............................................................... 31 4.3 Main findings ..................................................................................... 33 4.4 Summary ............................................................................................ 44 5 Revealed Social Preferences ..................................................................... 45 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................ 45 5.2 The hedonic price theory and method ................................................ 45 5.3 Data .................................................................................................... 48 5.4 Results & Discussion ......................................................................... 55 5.5 Limitations of the results ................................................................... 63 6 Conclusion ................................................................................................. 65 6.1 Main findings ..................................................................................... 65 6.2 Discussion .......................................................................................... 67 7 Perspectives and future research ............................................................... 71 7.1 Perspectives for multifunctional use of agricultural resources .......... 71 7.2 Further research ................................................................................. 73 8 References ................................................................................................. 75 Appendix A – Guided interviews ..................................................................... 81 List of interviewees ...................................................................................... 81 Interview guideline ....................................................................................... 82 Appendix B ....................................................................................................... 84 B1. Descriptive Statistics.............................................................................. 84 B2. Robustness Checks for the hedonic price models .................................. 87 3 Tables Table 1: Number of house in our sample per municipality ........................................................ 51 Table 2: Spatial Durbin Model Estimation................................................................................. 56 Table 3: Average MWTP of the buffer zone .............................................................................. 58 Table 4: Average WTP for being one meter further away from the 10 meter buffer zone ....... 58 Table 5: Descriptive Statistic - Municipality Ribe ...................................................................... 84 Table 6: Descriptive Statistic - Municipality Skjern/Tarm ......................................................... 85 Table 7: Two-sample t-test: Difference between Ribe & Skjern/Tarm (unequal variances) ..... 86 Table 8: Kelejian-Prucha Estimation ......................................................................................... 88 Figures Figure 1: Graphic display of the buffer zone regulation. ........................................................... 17 Figure 2: Approx. location of study area within Denmark ........................................................ 28 Figure 3: Map of Skjern and Tarm ............................................................................................. 29 Figure 4: Map of Ribe ................................................................................................................ 30 Figure 5: Map of the Location of the Dependent Variable in the Sample ................................. 49 Figure 6: Example of distributional characteristics of Li and Ni for houses in Ribe close to city center ........................................................................................................................................ 53 Figure 7: Example of distributional characteristics of Li and Ni for houses in Ribe close to Wadden Sea National Park ....................................................................................................... 53 Figure 8: Example of distributional characteristics of Li and Ni for houses in Skjern close to Skjern Aadal .............................................................................................................................. 54 Figure 9: Example of distributional characteristics of Li and Ni for houses in Skjern close to the North Sea .................................................................................................................................. 54 Figure 11: Picture of buffer zone with recreational infrastructure added, Lolland. .................. 60 Figure 10: Picture of buffer zone in Himmerland ...................................................................... 60 Figure 12: Picture of buffer zone close to Ribe under different land management regimes ..... 60 Figure 12: Picture of buffer zone close to Ribe without access ................................................. 60 4 Foreword The work done in connection with this report is financed by the Danish AgriFish Agency under the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fishery of Denmark and the University of Southern Denmark. The Danish Centre for Rural Research would like to thank the Agency for expressing a keen interest in the research in the field of social use evaluation of rural space and the potential of value creation for the traditional rural trades as well as in the social values for those who live in the rural areas. The buffer zones along the rivers, streams and lakes are primarily an environmental measure, but there is an increasing recognition of the broader issues connected to the buffer zones and the need to make scientific inquiries to build up new knowledge. The research has benefitted not only from the commitment of the Agency, but also from a range of individuals who were selected for interviews and others who were consulted. We would like to thank former realtor Henning Kruse (Ribe) in particular for the assistance and inspiration. The authors are also indebted to the colleagues from IME for their helpful suggestions (especially Villy Søgaard, Stefan Borsky and Jacob Kronbak). The practical work of the study was undertaken by a team of researchers connected to the Department of Environmental and Business Economy, under which the Danish Center for Rural Research belongs. The composition of the team reflects the need to combine competences in the field of applied quantita- tive modeling and qualitative inquiry. The Social evaluation of natural resources and environmental measures is not only a Danish phenomenon. Internationally, there is growing interest in re- search in the field, and this report can be seen not only as a contribution to the Danish knowledge base and debate, but also as being current an international research trend, to which the Department of Environmental and Business Economy and the Danish Centre for Rural Research would like to add on the Danish perspective. This is also the main reason for the report being published in English. 5 6 Sammenfatning I de seneste årtier har der været en voksende opmærksomhed omkring beskyt- telse af vandmiljøet. Den danske regering har løbende og konsekvent imple- menteret EU-lovgivningen
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