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Annual Report DDUV 2013 DE DUVE INSTITUTE Avenue Hippocrate 75 B- 1200 Brussels, Belgium [T] + 32-2-764 75 50 [F] + 32-2-764 75 73 [W] www.deduveinstitute.be Directors Prof. Emile Van Schaftingen Prof. Frédéric Lemaigre Prof. Benoît Van den Eynde Prof. Miikka Vikkula Editor Prof. Benoît Van den Eynde Layout Mrs Françoise Mylle Photographs Mr Jean-Pierre Verhelst For a copy of this report please contact: [email protected] de Duve Institute Introduction 6 Management 8 Christian de Duve 9 Supporting organizations 13 Development and Expansion Council (DEC) 14 Acknowledgements 15 Doctoral theses 16 Scientific Prizes and Awards 17 J.F. Heremans Lecture 18 Plenary Lectures 19 Miikka Vikkula 24 Frédéric Lemaigre 31 Annabelle Decottignies and Charles De Smet 36 Emile Van Schaftingen 42 Françoise Bontemps 47 Jean-François Collet 51 Guido Bommer 56 Mark Rider 59 Pierre Courtoy 64 Etienne Marbaix 69 Jean-Baptiste Demoulin 74 Jean-Paul Coutelier 79 Thomas Michiels 82 Pierre Coulie 86 Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Introduction 92 Benoît Van den Eynde 94 Pierre van der Bruggen 98 Thierry Boon 102 Nicolas van Baren 105 Jean-Christophe Renauld 110 Stefan Constantinescu 115 The de Duve Institute The de Duve Institute • An international biomedical research institute Originally named International Institute of Cellular and Molecular Pathology (abbreviated ICP), the de Duve Institute was founded in 1974 by Professor Christian de Duve to develop basic biomedical research with potential medical applications. The guiding principles on which the institute was founded were certainly important for de Duve’s own research career, sketched by our colleague and former member of the directorate Fred Opperdoes (see pages 9-12). Excellence and freedom of the researchers to choose their own line of investigation are perfectly illustrated by de Duve’s dramatic reorientation of his research from biochemical Emile Van Schaftingen problems linked to insulin’s action towards an exploration of the cell leading him to the lysosomes and the peroxisomes. This freedom has a corollary, which is the responsibility to help make these discoveries translate into medical progress. Having worked as a team leader at the border between biochemistry and cell biology, de Duve insisted also on the importance of collaborative work and valued interdisciplinary research. The main commitment of the members of the de Duve Institute is research. Discovery is the endpoint of their efforts and the only element taken into account for their evaluation. The Institute functions in symbiosis with the Faculty of Medicine of the Université de Louvain and many of its senior members hold a Faculty position and have teaching appointments. The influx of doctoral students and postdoctoral fellows from the University is also a key element in the success. The University hospital (Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc) is located within walking distance of the Institute, which also facilitates collaborations with clinicians. In 1978 the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research decided to base its Belgian branch within the walls of the de Duve Benoît Van den Eynde Institute. A fruitful collaboration between the two Institutions 6 | introduction has been pursued ever since. Even though the two Institutes are completely independent, the collaboration between the scientists of the de Duve Institute and the Ludwig Institute is extremely close and the sharing of resources is considerable. The Director of the Brussels Branch of the Ludwig Institute is also a member of the de Duve Institute Directorate. The de Duve Institute is managed by a directorate, presently composed of E. Van Schaftingen, B. Van den Eynde, M. Vikkula and F. Lemaigre. The directorate is appointed by the Board of directors, which comprises eminent members of the Belgian business and finance world, as well as the Rector of the University of Louvain, and three other members of the University. About 170 researchers work in the de Duve Institute and in the Ludwig Institute, assisted by a technical and administrative staff of about 80 members. The de Duve Institute has the ambition of pursuing research projects of high quality under conditions that allow Miikka Vikkula original, long-term projects to be pursued. Research is funded by public bodies, national and international, as well as by private donations. Most funds are awarded on a competitive basis. The Institute has an endowment, the strenghtening of which is a goal of the Development and Expansion Council of the de Duve Institute. This endowment is a source of key financing for priority issues, such as the creation of new laboratories for promising young researchers. We expect that the quality of our researchers, supported by sound organisational approaches, will enable the de Duve Institute to stand at the forefront of European Research. We are extremely grateful to all those who support the institute. We wish to address our peculiar thanks Frédéric Lemaigre to the former president of our Board of Directors, Mr Norbert Martin, for his tireless help during more than 20 years and to his successor, Mr Luc Bertrand. introduction | 7 Directorate Scientific Council Emile Van Schaftingen, Director Philip Cohen, University of Dundee, UK Frédéric Lemaigre (from April 2013) Daniel Louvard Benoît Van den Eynde UMR144 CNRS/Institut Curie, France Miikka Vikkula Gilbert Vassart, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium Administration and Board of Directors general services Norbert Martin, President (until April 2013) Serge Thibaut Henri Beaufay Finance and Administration Manager Luc Bertrand, President (from April 2013) Yolande de Selliers External Relations Manager Thierry Boon-Falleur Françoise Mylle Alfred Bouckaert Executive Secretary François Casier Julien Doornaert Administrative Assistant Etienne Davignon Marjorie Decroly Emmanuel de Beughem Accountant Christian de Duve († 4th of May 2013) Alain Buisseret Technical Manager Bruno Delvaux Jean-Pierre Szikora Jacques Melin Informatics Support Dominique Opfergelt Christian Van Langenhove Workshop Jacques van Rijckevorsel Dan Coman Maurice Velge Workshop Vincent Yzerbyt André Tonon Workshop de Duve Institute Avenue Hippocrate 74-75 1200 Brussels, Belgium [T] +32 (02) 764 75 50 [F] + 32 (02) 764 75 73 [W] www.deduveinstitute.be 8 | introduction Photo courtesy UCL Christian de Duve October 2, 1917 - May 4, 2013 introduction | 9 A Feeling for the Cell: Christian de Duve (1917–2013) Fred Opperdoes Emeritus Professor, Université catholique de Louvain Former Member of the Directorate, de Duve Institute Reprinted from: PLoS Biol 11(10): e1001671. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001671 Christian de Duve was an internationally renowned cell biologist whose serendipitous observation while investigating the workings of insulin led to groundbreaking insights into the organization of the cell. The observation, which he once described as “essentially irrelevant to the object of our research,” ultimately led him to discover two organelles, the lysosome and the peroxisome, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1974 with Albert Claude and George E. Palade. Born in 1917 in the United Kingdom to Belgian parents who had fled the devastation of the Western Front during the First World War, Christian de Duve spent his early life in the village of Thames Ditton near London. After the war, in 1920, he and his family returned to Belgium and the young Christian went to school in the Flemish city of Antwerp. He embarked upon his career as a researcher when he enrolled as a medical student at the francophone branch of the Catholic University of Louvain in Belgium (1934–1941). He could speak four languages, a skill that would later help save his life. de Duve decided to specialize in endocrinology and joined the laboratory of the Belgian physiologist J. P. Bouckaert, where he started his research under the difficult circumstances of the Second World War when facilities and financial support for basic research were very limited. Drafted by the Belgian army, he served as a medical officer in France where he was taken prisoner of war by the Germans. Thanks to his excellent knowledge of German and Flemish, de Duve was able to outwit the enemy and escape back to Belgium, where he immediately returned to his research. As a young researcher, he initially concentrated on the storage and retrieval of glucose, the body’s principal energy source, which is regulated by the pancreatic hormone insulin. In doing so, he discovered that a commercial preparation of insulin happened to be contaminated with another pancreatic hormone, the insulin antagonist glucagon, an insight that led to a better understanding of the mode of action of these two hormones. After the war, Christian de Duve developed an interest in metabolism to gain a better understanding of the exact mode of action of insulin and glucagon. But his knowledge of biochemistry was still limited, so he decided to widen his horizons. He certainly must have had a gift for selecting the very best laboratories of those days. First, he spent almost a year in Hugo Theorell’s laboratory at the Nobel Medical Institute in Stockholm; subsequently, he crossed the ocean and went to Gerty and Carl Cori’s laboratory at Washington University in St. Louis where he also had the opportunity to collaborate with Earl Sutherland. Later, all four would become Nobel Prize winners. The Nobel prize for Physiology or Medicine was received 10 | introduction by Carl and Gerti Cori in 1947 for their research on glycogen metabolism, Hugo Theorell in 1951
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