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Tuesday Morning, 29 November 2016 Coral 2, 8:00 A.M TUESDAY MORNING, 29 NOVEMBER 2016 CORAL 2, 8:00 A.M. TO 11:30 A.M. Session 2aABa Animal Bioacoustics: Tropical Bioacoustics I Thomas F. Norris, Cochair Bio-Waves, Inc., 517 Cornish Dr., Encinitas, CA 92024 Tomonari Akamatsu, Cochair Fisheries Research Agency, 7620-7, Hasaki, Kamisu, Ibaraki 314-0408, Japan Chair’s Introduction—8:00 Invited Papers 2a TUE. AM 8:05 2aABa1. Beaked whale species occurrence in the central Pacific and their relation to oceanographic features. Simone Baumann- Pickering, Anne E. Simonis, Jennifer S. Trickey (Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., Univ. of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, [email protected]), Marie A. Roch (Dept. of Comput. Sci., San Diego State Univ., San Diego, CA), and Erin M. Oleson (Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci. Ctr., National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Honolulu, HI) Mesoscale oceanographic features are a major force in structuring the marine environment through processes such as eddy-induced upwelling, and as such effect distribution and aggregation patterns of all organisms along the food chain. It has been shown that top pe- lagic predators such as cetaceans react to these environmental changes in different ways. We present analysis of frequency-modulated (FM) echolocation pulses of Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphius cavirostris), Blainville’s beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostis), and an unknown beaked whale species producing FM pulse type “BWC,” possibly ginkgo-toothed beaked whale (M. ginkgodens), at five loca- tions in the central Pacific. The recordings were collected at Pearl and Hermes Reef (Northwestern Hawaiian Islands), Kona (Main Ha- waiian Islands), Wake Atoll, Tinian, and Saipan (Northern Mariana Islands) between 2008 and 2015, ranging from 4 to 8 years per site. All three beaked whale species were present at all sites in different proportions throughout the recording periods, with a strong nocturnal pattern only for the “BWC” pulse type, yet without seasonal pattern. We examine the varying presence in the context of remotely sensed oceanographic data, including sea surface height deviation, temperature, and salinity, as well as chlorophyll a and derived primary productivity. 8:25 2aABa2. Echolocation systems of leaf-nosed bats in Taiwan and Iriomote island, Japan. Hiroshi Riquimaroux (SDU-VT Int. Lab., Shandong Univ., 27 Shanda Nanlu, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China, [email protected]) The leaf-nosed bats, Hipposideridae, are one of the most common tropical bats found in Asia. Two species of leaf-nosed bats in Irio- mote island, Hepposideros turpis, and Taiwan, Hipposideros terasensis, were compared. They emit short echo location pulses (4-7 ms in duration) consisted of constant frequency (CF) component followed by downward frequency modulated (FM) component. The second harmonics are the most intense frequency component. Comparison lists for two species are shown below. Taiwanese leaf-nosed bats, Hipposiderous terasensis CF2: 70 kHz (CF1: 35 kHz) 50-60 g in weight Japanese leaf-nosed bats, Hepposideros turpis CF2: 82 kHz (CF1: 41 kHz) 20-30 g in weight threatened species (Red list). Both Taiwan and Iriomote island are at around the same North latitude 25 degrees. Findings from H. terasensis and H. turpis are introduced and discussed. [Research supported by MEXT, Japan, and Shan- dong University, China.] 8:45 2aABa3. Melody in my head, melody in my genes? Acoustic similarity, individuality, and genetic relatedness in the indris of East- ern Madagascar. Marco Gamba, Valeria Torti, Giovanna Bonadonna (Life Sci. and Systems Biology, Univ. of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino 10123, Italy, [email protected]), Rose M. Randrianarison (Groupe d’Etude et de Recherche sur les Primates de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar), Olivier Friard, and Cristina Giacoma (Life Sci. and Systems Biology, Univ. of Torino, Tor- ino, Italy) Indris (Indri indri) are the only singing lemurs and produce different types of songs that can be differentiated according to their tem- poral patterns. The most distinctive portions of the songs are “descending phrases” consisting of 2-5 units. In our study, indri songs were recorded in the Eastern rainforests of Madagascar from 2005 to 2015. All the recordings were made when the recorder operator was in visual contact with the singing social group and by recognizing individual indris using natural markings. Because the individual songs frequently overlap during the chorus, we extracted the pitch contour of 1084 descending phrases using the program PRAAT. We tested whether the structure of the phrases could provide conspecifics with information about sex and individual identity. We also examined 3017 J. Acoust. Soc. Am., Vol. 140, No. 4, Pt. 2, October 2016 5th Joint Meeting ASA/ASJ 3017 whether the structure of the phrases was related to the genetic relatedness of the indris. The results suggest that the songs have consistent sex-, group-, and individual-specific features. We have also found a significant correlation between the genetic distance and the acoustic similarity. The descending phrases may be used by the indris to convey information of sex and identity, and genetic relatedness may play a role in determining song similarity to a larger extent than previously assumed. 9:05 2aABa4. Recent bioacoustics researches on biosonar, hearing, and noise effect on the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis). Songhai Li (Inst. of Deep-Sea Sci. and Eng., Chinese Acad. of Sci., 28 Luhuitou Rd., Sanya 572000, China, LISH@IDSSE. AC.CN) and Ding Wang (Inst. of Hydrobiology, Chinese Acad. of Sci., Wuhan, China) The Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) are widely distributed in the coastal waters of the tropical and sub-tropical ocean in Asia, including southeast China. Conservation of the humpback dolphins in Chinese waters has been on the agenda of local sci- entific and conservation communities since the 1980s, despite little research including bioacoustics research has been conducted. Our recent bioacoustics studies indicated that the biosonar clicks of the wild humpback dolphins were short-duration, broadband, ultrasonic pulses, similar to those produced by other whistling dolphins of similar body size. However, their click source levels with an average of around 190 dB re: 1l Pa in peak-to-peak, appear to be much lower than those of other whistling dolphins. Hearing sensitive frequency range of the humpback dolphins is generally higher than 5 kHz and lower than 120 kHz with possible age-related hearing loss for old dolphins. The humpback dolphin could therefore be characterized as a mid-frequency cetacean, which operates sounds in mid- to high- frequency range. Any sufficiently intense sounds with mid- to high-frequency components could have deleterious effects on the hump- back dolphins through interference on animals’ behavior and with the animals’ ability to detect signals from conspecifics, and echoes of echolocation clicks. 9:25 2aABa5. Acoustic response of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins to the variability of marine soundscape. Tzu-Hao H. Lin (Res. Ctr. for Information Technol. Innovation, Academia Sinica, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan, [email protected]), Chih-Kai Yang, Lien-Siang Chou (Inst. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan Univ., Taipei, Taiwan), Shih-Hau Fang (Dept. of Elec. Eng., Yuan Ze Univ., Taoyuan, Taiwan), and Yu Tsao (Res. Ctr. for Information Technol. Innovation, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan) Marine mammals can adjust their vocal behaviors when they encounter anthropogenic noise. The acoustic divergence among differ- ent populations has also been considered as the effect of ambient noise. The recent studies discover that the marine soundscape is highly dynamic; however, it remains unclear how marine mammals alter their vocal behaviors under various acoustic environments. In this study, autonomous sound recorders were deployed in western Taiwan waters between 2012 and 2015. Soundscape scenes were unsuper- vised classified according to acoustic features measured in each 5 min interval. Non-negative matrix factorization was used to separate different scenes and to inverse the temporal occurrence of each soundscape scene. Echolocation clicks and whistles of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, which represent the only marine mammal species occurred in the study area, were automatically detected and ana- lyzed. The preliminary result indicates the soundscape scenes dominated by biological sounds are correlated with the acoustic detection rate of humpback dolphins. Besides, the dolphin whistles are much complex when the prey associated scene is prominent in the local soundscape. In the future, the soundscape information may be used to predict the occurrence and habitat use of marine mammals. Contributed Papers 9:45 structure in the water column coupled with temporal and spatial variation in the sources of the potential cues. 2aABa6. Navigating the soundscape: The role of acoustic cues in the set- tlement behavior of larval reef fishes. Andria K. Salas (Integrative Biol- 10:00–10:15 Break ogy, Univ. of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX), Preston S. Wilson, Megan S. Ballard (Mech. Eng. and Appl. Res. Labs., Univ. of Texas at Austin, 1 Uni- 10:15 versity Station C2200, Austin, TX 78713, [email protected]), Andrew H. Altieri (Smithsonian Tropical Res. Inst., Panama City, Panama), 2aABa7. Macro- and micro-scale spatial variation in the acoustic activ- and Timothy H. Keitt (Integrative Biology, Univ. of Texas at Austin, Aus- ity of snapping shrimp on
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