Low Frequency Spatialization in Electro-Acoustic Music and Tel (02) 9528 4362 Performance: Composition Meets Perception Fax (02) 9589 0547 Roger T
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not ROCKET SCIENCE but REAL SCIENCE Pyrotek Noise Control recognises that the effective specification of a product needs reliable data. As such we are working with some of the world’s leading testing and certification organisations to help support our materials with clear unbiased test data giving a specifier the facts about our products’ performance. With an ongoing research and testing budget we have some interesting data to share. To keep up to date with all the additions to testing we are making, simply contact us for a personal visit or review our website www.pyroteknc.com and sign up for our ‘PRODUCT UPDATE’ emails and we will keep you up to date with our developments. you can hear a pin drop www.pyroteknc.com manufacturing quietness testing_april2014.indd 1 19/03/2014 3:02:43 PM Acoustics Australia EDITORIAL COMMITTEE: Vol. 42, No. 2 August 2014 Marion Burgess, From the Guest Editor.....................................................75 Truda King, Tracy Gowen From the President . .77 From the Chief Editor .....................................................78 PAPERS Acoustics Australia All Editorial Matters Special Issue: AUDITORY PERCEPTION (articles, reports, news, book reviews, new products, etc) Native and Non-Native Speech Perception The Editor, Acoustics Australia Daniel Williams and Paola Escudero. .........................................79 c/o Marion Burgess In Thrall to the Vocabulary [email protected] www.acoustics.asn.au Anne Cutler. ............................................................84 Active Listening: Speech Intelligibility in Noisy Environments General Business Simon Carlile . ...........................................................90 (subscriptions, extra copies, back issues, advertising, etc.) Auditory Grammar Mrs Leigh Wallbank Yoshitaka Nakajima, Takayuki Sasaki, Kazuo Ueda and Gerard B. Remijn. 97 P O Box 70 OYSTER BAY NSW 2225 Low Frequency Spatialization in Electro-Acoustic Music and Tel (02) 9528 4362 Performance: Composition Meets Perception Fax (02) 9589 0547 Roger T. Dean. ........................................................102 [email protected] Neuroscientific Investigations of Musical Rhythm Daniel J. Cameron and Jessica A. Grahn. ...................................111 Australian Acoustical Society Enquiries see Page 77 Music Training: Lifelong Investment to Protect the Brain From Aging and Hearing Loss Nina Kraus and Travis White-Schwoch. ......................................117 Pitch Processing in Music and Speech Acoustics Australia is published by the Barbara Tillmann ........................................................124 Australian Acoustical Society (A.B.N. 28 000 712 658) Cochlear Implants Can Talk But Cannot Sing In Tune ISSN 0814-6039 Jeremy Marozeau, Ninia Simon and Hamish Innes-Brown. ........................131 Responsibility for the contents of articles and advertisements rests upon ACOUSTICS FORUM the contributors and not the Australian Introducing the Noise Database Acoustical Society. Articles are copyright, Elizabeth Beach .........................................................136 by the Australian Acoustical Society. All articles, but not Technical Notes or LETTERS contributions to Acoustics Forum, are sent to referees for peer review before Infrasound Sensitivity and Harmonic Distortion acceptance. Acoustics Australia is Henri Boutin, John Smith and Joe Wolfe ......................................137 abstracted and indexed in Inspec, Ingenta, Compendix and Acoustics Archives REGULAR ITEMS databases, Science Citation Index News .................................................................138 Expanded and in Journal Citation Reports/ Workplace Health and Safety News.........................................140 Science Edition. AAS News .............................................................141 Printed by Cliff Lewis Printing New Products ..........................................................143 91-93 Parraweena Rd, Future Conferences . .146 CARINGBAH NSW 2229 Sustaining Members . 148 Tel (02) 9525 6588 Diary .................................................................150 Fax (02) 9524 8712 email: [email protected] Advertiser Index ........................................................150 ISSN 0814-6039 Cover design: Helena Brusic Acoustics Australia Vol. 42, No. 2, August 2014 - 73 FROM THE GUEST EDITOR Auditory perception in speech. Also focusing on pitch, Marozeau, Simon and Innes- is a cornerstone of human Brown sketch the principles underlying cochlear implants (CIs) communication. Nine articles and explain the way CIs convey only two out of three main collected for this special issue pitch cues. of “Acoustics Australia” Yoshitaka Nakajima and colleagues research auditory review contemporary grouping and stream segregation. Their paper reports an research with an emphasis auditory grammar and its application to phenomena such as on communication through auditory continuity and melody perception. This is the first speech perception and music report in English taken from their book published in Japanese perception. With immersion in 2014. Roger Dean reviews research into localization of low in a particular linguistic frequency sound. While localization research has tended to environment during infancy concentrate on mid to high frequencies, Dean argues that as and early childhood, the the spatialization of low frequencies is an artistic and creative acquisition of speech perception occurs seemingly effortlessly. device in electro-acoustic composition and performance it But what processes enable children and adults’ speech warrants experimentation. Informational masking is the topic perception? To what degree are the statistical properties of a of Simon Carlile’s review. Prescient comments by Colin Cherry particular speech environment and perception of speech in concerning the “cocktail party problem” 60 years ago are that environment related? Are perceptual resources specific to revisited and the significance and complexity of attention in speech or are they “domain-general”? These are just some of perceiving speech in noisy environments documented. the research questions concerning speech perception that will In the context of aging populations and older adults’ be addressed. communication difficulties, including perceiving speech in Music, as far as we know, has been a part of every noise, Nina Kraus and Travis White-Schwoch review research human culture and there has been lively debate about its that demonstrates potential benefits and compensation from possible evolutionary significance – adaption, exaption, music training. Daniel Cameron and Jessica Grahn discuss epiphenomenon? Largely non-referential, distinguishing music a fundamental dimension of music and its power to move from language, it is expressive, communicative, and personally, us – rhythm. The review outlines recent studies of rhythm socially and culturally meaningful. In the present context of perception and synchronization using functional Magnetic auditory perception, and especially when passed on in an “oral Resonance Imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG) tradition”, music can demonstrate constraints on auditory and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) methods. The perception and memory. review concludes that motor system excitability is modulated The special issue reflects current work conducted in by listening to musical rhythm. research laboratories in Australia, Canada, England, France, For the opportunity to edit this special issue and for her Japan and the USA. Two of the articles are concerned with guidance and sage advice throughout the process, I am grateful speech perception (Cutler; Williams & Escudero), three with to Chief Editor, Marion Burgess. Heartfelt thanks to the authors principles of auditory perception that apply to speech and music for their thoughtful contributions, Editorial Assistant Truda – grouping (Nakajima et al.), informational masking (Carlile) King, for the cover Helena Brusic with assistance from Kate and localization (Dean), two on pitch processing (Tillmann; Falkenburg, and for their time, incisive comments and fast Marozeau et al.), and two on music perception (Kraus; Cameron turn-around of manuscripts, our 18 reviewers: Jorg Buchholz, & Grahn). A little more detail about each now follows. Densil Cabrera, Harvey Dillon, Neville Fletcher, Manon Anne Cutler depicts speech recognition as a rapid Grube, Julene Johnson, Ghada Katthab, Stephen McAdams, competition between candidate words and reviews the way Elizabeth Margulis, Robert Mayr, Sylvie Nozaradan, Kirk acoustics cues – phonemes, stress, and embedding patterns – Olsen, Aniruddh Patel, Brett Swanson, Bill Thompson, Leon differ across languages. The development of speech perception van Noorden, Joe Wolfe and Ivan Zavada. I hope all readers in infancy is described and theorized by Daniel Williams enjoy this special issue. and Paola Escudero. Languages of the world and speakers of those languages provide a natural laboratory for research and Catherine (Kate) Stevens, Williams and Escudero bring speech perception processes into relief comparing native and non-native language listeners. In a MARCS Institute and School of Social Sciences & similar way, Barbara Tillmann summarizes research wherein Psychology, University of Western Sydney specialist populations have been sampled – musicians, speakers of tone languages, or people with congenital amusia (tone [email protected] deafness) – to investigate the perception of pitch in music