Physiology of Decompressive Stress
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Urinary Problems in Decompression Sickness*
Paraplegia 23 (1985) 20-25 © 1985 International Medical Society of Paraplegia Urinary Problems in Decompression Sickness* Athanasios Dounis, M.D. and Dionisios Mitropoulos, M.D. The Naval Medical Hyperbaric Center) Piraeus Naval Hospital and Department of Urology) Athens Naval Hospital) Greece Summary The records of 25 patients with type II decompression sickness and urinary problems have been reviewed. Seventeen patients were professionals and 8 were above the age of 40. The disease appeared within the 1st hour of emergence from the water in 70% of the cases and within the first 4 hours in the remaining 30%. Nine patients were diagnosed as paraplegic and two as tetraplegic. All patients had urinary disturbances and 14 were on Foley-catheter drainage during the decompression while 11 were on intermittent catheterisation. Fifteen patients had improved urinary function after recompression) 8 had some difficulty) 2 underwent a sphincterotomy and one a transurethral prostatectomy. The low percentage of complete recovery was due to the delayed arrival at the decompression chamber. Key words: Diving; Decompression sickness; Urinary disturbances. Introduction Diving for sponge fishery is the main professional occupation of the young men in the South-East Aegean islands. Although the use of recompression has decreased the number of decompression sickness victims, patients with remaining neurological problems still present. During the last 20 years, although there is a decrease of the professional divers' accidents there is an increase of the number of patients with decompression sickness. This is due to the continuously increasing numbers of sport divers in Greece. In Greece, the field of underwater medicine is covered mainly by the Naval Medical Service. -
Ocean Noise Strategy Roadmap
Ocean Noise Strategy Roadmap Ocean Noise Strategy Roadmap Jason Gedamke, Jolie Harrison, Leila Hatch, Robyn Angliss, Jay Barlow, Catherine Berchok, Chris Caldow, Manuel Castellote, Danielle Cholewiak, Monica L. DeAngelis, Robert Dziak, Ellen Garland, Shane Guan, Sean Hastings, Marla Holt, Ben Laws, David Mellinger, Sue Moore, Thomas J. Moore, Erin Oleson, Jacqueline Pearson-Meyer, Wendy Piniak, Jessica Redfern, Teri Rowles, Amy Scholik-Schlomer, Aileen Smith, Melissa Soldevilla, John Stadler, Sofie Van Parijs, Charles Wahle ii Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Chapter 1—The NOAA Ocean Noise Strategy and Managed Species 6 Chapter 2—Can You Hear Me Here? Managing Acoustic Habitat in U.S. Waters 27 Chapter 3—Enhancing NOAA’s Ability to Characterize Aquatic Soundscapes 45 Chapter 4— NOAA Ocean Noise Strategy Implementation Case Studies 60 Case Study 1: Assessing the Risk of Chronic Noise from Commercial Ships to 63 Large Whale Acoustic Habitat Case Study 2: Managing Noise Impacts on Spawning Areas Used by 81 Acoustically Sensitive and Commercially Important Fish and Invertebrate Species Appendix A— The Status of Science for Assessing Noise Impacts on NOAA-Managed 91 Species Appendix B— Presence, Abundance, Distribution, Density, Habitat Use and 113 Population Trends Appendix C— Spreadsheet of Potential Authorities (e.g. Statutes, Executive Orders) 121 to Address Ocean Noise Issues Appendix D— NOAA Ocean Noise Strategy Cross-Office Team 138 iii List of Figures Page Figure 1-1. Potential Consequences of Disturbance conceptual model of the relationships 11 linking disturbance to changes in behavior and physiology, health, vital rates, and population dynamics. Figure 2-1. Illustration of potential acoustically-mediated information in a marine 28 community. -
99B Pgd.Indd
Report on Comments — Copyright, NFPA NFPA 99B Report of the Committee on Report of the Committee on Electrical Systems (HEA-ELS) Health Care Facilities (HEA-AAC) Douglas S. Erickson, Chair Hugh O. Nash, Jr., Chair American Society for Healthcare Engineering, VI [U] Rep. American Society for Healthcare Engineering Nash Lipsey Burch, LLC, TN [SE] Constance Bobik, B&E Fire Safety Equipment Inc., FL [IM] Scott C. Brockman, Post Glover LifeLink, KY [M] Wayne L. Brannan, Medical University of South Carolina, SC [U] Dan Chisholm, Healthcare Engineering Network, FL [IM] Rep. American Society of Safety Engineers James H. Costley, Jr., Newcomb & Boyd, GA [SE] Michael A. Crowley, The RJA Group, Inc., TX [U] Rep. NFPA Health Care Section Rep. NFPA Health Care Section Richard E. Cutts, US Air Force, TX [E] Richard E. Cutts, US Air Force, TX [E] Herbert Daugherty, Electric Generating Systems Association, NJ [U] Joshua W. Elvove, US Department of Veterans Affairs, CO [U] Rep. Electrical Generating Systems Association Rep. US Department of Veterans Affairs James R. Iverson, Onan Corporation, MN [M] Marvin J. Fischer, Monroe Township, NJ [SE] Larry Lau, US Department of Veterans Affairs, DC [U] Thomas W. Gardner, Schirmer Engineering Corporation, GA [I] Rep. US Department of Veterans Affairs James R. Grimm, CDi Engineers, WA [SE] William E. Koffel, Koffel Associates, Inc., MD [SE] Edward A. Lobnitz, TLC Engineering for Architecture, FL [SE] George F. Stevens, US Department of Health & Human Services, AZ [E] James E. Meade, US Army Corps of Engineers, MD [U] Rep. US Dept. of Health & Human Services/IHS Joseph P. Murnane, Underwriters Laboratories Inc., NY [RT] Mayer D. -
Ear Clearing for Non-Divers
Scuba School Ltd – Ear Clearing for non-divers Ear clearing or clearing the ears or equalization is any of various maneuvers to equalize the pressure in the middle ear with the outside pressure, by letting air enter along the Eustachian tubes, as this does not always happen automatically when the pressure in the middle ear is lower than the outside pressure. This need can arise in scuba diving, freediving/spearfishing, skydiving, fast descent in an aircraft, fast descent in a mine cage, and being put into pressure in a caisson or similar pressure-bearing structure, or sometimes even simply travelling at fast speeds in an automobile. People who do intense weight lifting, like squats, may experience sudden conductive hearing loss due to air pressure building up inside the ear. They are advised to engage in an ear clearing method to relieve pressure, or pain if any. Methods The ears can be cleared by various methods,[5] some of which pose a distinct risk of barotrauma including perforation of the eardrum: Yawning which helps to open the eustachian tubes; Swallowing which helps to open the eustachian tubes; The "Frenzel maneuver": Using the rear part of the tongue and throat muscles, close the nostrils, and close the back of the throat as if straining to lift a weight. Then make the sound of the letter "K." This pushes the back of the tongue upward, compressing air into the openings of the eustachian tubes. "Politzerization": a medical procedure that involves inflating the middle ear by blowing air up the nose during the act of swallowing; The "Toynbee maneuver": pinching the nose and swallowing. -
Dysbarism - Barotrauma
DYSBARISM - BAROTRAUMA Introduction Dysbarism is the term given to medical complications of exposure to gases at higher than normal atmospheric pressure. It includes barotrauma, decompression illness and nitrogen narcosis. Barotrauma occurs as a consequence of excessive expansion or contraction of gas within enclosed body cavities. Barotrauma principally affects the: 1. Lungs (most importantly): Lung barotrauma may result in: ● Gas embolism ● Pneumomediastinum ● Pneumothorax. 2. Eyes 3. Middle / Inner ear 4. Sinuses 5. Teeth / mandible 6. GIT (rarely) Any illness that develops during or post div.ing must be considered to be diving- related until proven otherwise. Any patient with neurological symptoms in particular needs urgent referral to a specialist in hyperbaric medicine. See also separate document on Dysbarism - Decompression Illness (in Environmental folder). Terminology The term dysbarism encompasses: ● Decompression illness And ● Barotrauma And ● Nitrogen narcosis Decompression illness (DCI) includes: 1. Decompression sickness (DCS) (or in lay terms, the “bends”): ● Type I DCS: ♥ Involves the joints or skin only ● Type II DCS: ♥ Involves all other pain, neurological injury, vestibular and pulmonary symptoms. 2. Arterial gas embolism (AGE): ● Due to pulmonary barotrauma releasing air into the circulation. Epidemiology Diving is generally a safe undertaking. Serious decompression incidents occur approximately only in 1 in 10,000 dives. However, because of high participation rates, there are about 200 - 300 cases of significant decompression illness requiring treatment in Australia each year. It is estimated that 10 times this number of divers experience less severe illness after diving. Physics Boyle’s Law: The air pressure at sea level is 1 atmosphere absolute (ATA). Alternative units used for 1 ATA include: ● 101.3 kPa (SI units) ● 1.013 Bar ● 10 meters of sea water (MSW) ● 760 mm of mercury (mm Hg) ● 14.7 pounds per square inch (PSI) For every 10 meters a diver descends in seawater, the pressure increases by 1 ATA. -
The EVA Spacesuit
POLITECNICO DI TORINO Repository ISTITUZIONALE Glove Exoskeleton for Extra-Vehicular Activities: Analysis of Requirements and Prototype Design Original Glove Exoskeleton for Extra-Vehicular Activities: Analysis of Requirements and Prototype Design / Favetto, Alain. - (2014). Availability: This version is available at: 11583/2546950 since: Publisher: Politecnico di Torino Published DOI:10.6092/polito/porto/2546950 Terms of use: openAccess This article is made available under terms and conditions as specified in the corresponding bibliographic description in the repository Publisher copyright (Article begins on next page) 04 August 2020 POLITECNICO DI TORINO DOCTORATE SCHOOL Ph. D. In Informatics and Systems – XXV cycle Doctor of Philosophy Thesis Glove Exoskeleton for Extra-Vehicular Activities Analysis of Requirements and Prototype Design (Part One) Favetto Alain Advisor: Coordinator: Prof. Giuseppe Carlo Calafiore Prof. Pietro Laface kp This page is intentionally left blank Dedicato a mio Padre... Al tuo modo ruvido di trasmettere le emozioni. Al tuo senso del dovere ed al tuo altruismo. Ai tuoi modi di fare che da piccolo non capivo e oggi sono parte del mio essere. A tutti i pensieri e le parole che vorrei averti detto e che sono rimasti solo nella mia testa. A te che mi hai sempre trattato come un adulto. A te che te ne sei andato prima che adulto lo potessi diventare davvero. opokp This page is intentionally left blank Index INDEX Index .................................................................................................................................................5 -
Porównanie Skuteczności Urządzeń Oxybaria S I Laserobaria S W Skojarzonym Leczeniu Fizykalnym Owrzodzeń Kończyn Dolnych
Lekarz Mikołaj Pietrzak Porównanie skuteczności urządzeń Oxybaria S i Laserobaria S w skojarzonym leczeniu fizykalnym owrzodzeń kończyn dolnych Rozprawa na stopień doktora nauk medycznych Promotor: prof. dr hab. n. med. Grzegorz Cieślar Katedra i Oddział Kliniczny Chorób Wewnętrznych, Angiologii i Medycyny Fizykalnej Kierownik Katedry: prof. dr hab. n. med. Grzegorz Cieślar Wydział Lekarski z Oddziałem Lekarsko-Dentystycznym w Zabrzu Śląski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Katowicach Zabrze 2019 Pobrano z Repozytorium Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach / Downloaded from Repository of Medical University of Silesia 2021-09-26 Mikołaj Pietrzak Oddział Kliniczny Chorób Wewnętrznych, Angiologii i Medycyny Fizykalnej Szpitala Specjalistycznego nr 2 w Bytomiu 41-902 Bytom, ul. Batorego 15 e-mail: [email protected] RECENZENCI: Prof. dr hab. n. med. Andrzej Szuba Katedra i Klinika Angiologii, Nadciśnienia Tętniczego i Diabetologii Wydział Lekarski Kształcenia Podyplomowego Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Piastów Śląskich we Wrocławiu Dr hab. n. o kult. fiz. Jan Szczegielniak Prof. nadzw. PO Katedra Fizjoterapii Klinicznej Instytut Fizjoterapii Wydział Wychowania Fizycznego i Fizjoterapii Politechnika Opolska w Opolu 1 Pobrano z Repozytorium Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach / Downloaded from Repository of Medical University of Silesia 2021-09-26 SPIS TREŚCI WYKAZ STOSOWANYCH SKRÓTÓW…………………………………………. 4 WYKAZ TABEL……………………………………………………………………. 6 WYKAZ RYCIN…………………………………………………………………….. 8 1. WSTĘP…………………………………………………………………………. 9 1.1. Rany przewlekłe………………………………………………………….... 9 1.1.1. Definicja, epidemiologia, powikłania……………………………….. 9 1.1.2. Etiopatogeneza owrzodzeń w obrębie kończyn dolnych ………… 10 1.1.3. Proces gojenia ran przewlekłych…………………………………… 13 1.1.4. Leczenie owrzodzeń w obrębie kończyn dolnych ………………… 15 1.1.5. Rokowanie w przypadku owrzodzeń w obrębie kończyn dolnych 16 1.2. Wybrane metody fizykalne stosowane w leczeniu owrzodzeń kończyn dolnych……………………………………………………………………… 17 1.3. -
SPACE SUIT DEVELOPMENT STATUS by Richard S
NASA TECHNICAL NOTE NASA TN D-3291 -_ -_ c-- * a/ A KI R -1- i SPACE SUIT DEVELOPMENT STATUS by Richard S. Johnston, James V. Correale, and Matthew I. Radnofsky Manned Spacecraft Center Hozcston, Texas N AT10 N A 1 AERO N AUT1CS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D. C. FEBRUARY 1966 n TECH LIBRARY KAFB, NM , Illllll 11111 Illlll I llllllllll Ill1111 i 00797BL NASA 'I"D-3291 SPACE SUIT DEVELOPMENT STATUS By Richard S. Johnston, James V. Correale, and Matthew I. Radnofsky Manned Spacecraft Center Houston, Texas NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION For sale by the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information Springfield, Virginia 22151 - Price $1.00 ABSTRACT Space suit development, starting with the Mercury program, has progressed to its present sta tus as a result of the changing goals of each manned spacecraft mission. The first space suits were de signed primarily for protection of flight crews against the possibility of cabin pressure failure. Longer flights and extravehicular activities required design philosophies to change drastically, particularly in the areas of comfort, mobility, reliability, and life- sustaining systems. Future mission goals will re quire new design objectives and requirements. ii SPACE SUIT DEVELOPMENT STATUS By Richard S. Johnston, James V. Correale, and Matthew I. Radnofsky Manned Spacecraft Center SUMMARY Space suits for the Mercury missions were designed primarily for pro tection of flight crews against the possibility of cabin pressure failure. How ever, goals of the Gemini program, particularly extravehicular activities, caused space suit design philosophies to change drastically. The suit had-to sustain life. A basic design was selected to satisfy all mission requirements. -
Dive Theory Guide
DIVE THEORY STUDY GUIDE by Rod Abbotson CD69259 © 2010 Dive Aqaba Guidelines for studying: Study each area in order as the theory from one subject is used to build upon the theory in the next subject. When you have completed a subject, take tests and exams in that subject to make sure you understand everything before moving on. If you try to jump around or don’t completely understand something; this can lead to gaps in your knowledge. You need to apply the knowledge in earlier sections to understand the concepts in later sections... If you study this way you will retain all of the information and you will have no problems with any PADI dive theory exams you may take in the future. Before completing the section on decompression theory and the RDP make sure you are thoroughly familiar with the RDP, both Wheel and table versions. Use the appropriate instructions for use guides which come with the product. Contents Section One PHYSICS ………………………………………………page 2 Section Two PHYSIOLOGY………………………………………….page 11 Section Three DECOMPRESSION THEORY & THE RDP….……..page 21 Section Four EQUIPMENT……………………………………………page 27 Section Five SKILLS & ENVIRONMENT…………………………...page 36 PHYSICS SECTION ONE Light: The speed of light changes as it passes through different things such as air, glass and water. This affects the way we see things underwater with a diving mask. As the light passes through the glass of the mask and the air space, the difference in speed causes the light rays to bend; this is called refraction. To the diver wearing a normal diving mask objects appear to be larger and closer than they actually are. -
Biomechanics of Safe Ascents Workshop
PROCEEDINGS OF BIOMECHANICS OF SAFE ASCENTS WORKSHOP — 10 ft E 30 ft TIME AMERICAN ACADEMY OF UNDERWATER SCIENCES September 25 - 27, 1989 Woods Hole, Massachusetts Proceedings of the AAUS Biomechanics of Safe Ascents Workshop Michael A. Lang and Glen H. Egstrom, (Editors) Copyright © 1990 by AMERICAN ACADEMY OF UNDERWATER SCIENCES 947 Newhall Street Costa Mesa, CA 92627 All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers Copies of these Proceedings can be purchased from AAUS at the above address This workshop was sponsored in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Commerce, under grant number 40AANR902932, through the Office of Undersea Research, and in part by the Diving Equipment Manufacturers Association (DEMA), and in part by the American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS). The U.S. Government is authorized to produce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding the copyright notation that appears above. Opinions presented at the Workshop and in the Proceedings are those of the contributors, and do not necessarily reflect those of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF UNDERWATER SCIENCES BIOMECHANICS OF SAFE ASCENTS WORKSHOP WHOI/MBL Woods Hole, Massachusetts September 25 - 27, 1989 MICHAEL A. LANG GLEN H. EGSTROM Editors American Academy of Underwater Sciences 947 Newhall Street, Costa Mesa, California 92627 U.S.A. An American Academy of Underwater Sciences Diving Safety Publication AAUSDSP-BSA-01-90 CONTENTS Preface i About AAUS ii Executive Summary iii Acknowledgments v Session 1: Introductory Session Welcoming address - Michael A. -
Human Adaptation to Space
Human Adaptation to Space From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Human physiological adaptation to the conditions of space is a challenge faced in the development of human spaceflight. The fundamental engineering problems of escaping Earth's gravity well and developing systems for in space propulsion have been examined for well over a century, and millions of man-hours of research have been spent on them. In recent years there has been an increase in research into the issue of how humans can actually stay in space and will actually survive and work in space for long periods of time. This question requires input from the whole gamut of physical and biological sciences and has now become the greatest challenge, other than funding, to human space exploration. A fundamental step in overcoming this challenge is trying to understand the effects and the impact long space travel has on the human body. Contents [hide] 1 Importance 2 Public perception 3 Effects on humans o 3.1 Unprotected effects 4 Protected effects o 4.1 Gravity receptors o 4.2 Fluids o 4.3 Weight bearing structures o 4.4 Effects of radiation o 4.5 Sense of taste o 4.6 Other physical effects 5 Psychological effects 6 Future prospects 7 See also 8 References 9 Sources Importance Space colonization efforts must take into account the effects of space on the body The sum of mankind's experience has resulted in the accumulation of 58 solar years in space and a much better understanding of how the human body adapts. However, in the future, industrialization of space and exploration of inner and outer planets will require humans to endure longer and longer periods in space. -
Leonardo User Manual
Direction for use Computer Leonardo ENGLISH cressi.com 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Main specifications page 4 TIME SET mode: General recommendations Date and time adjustment page 31 and safety measures page 5 SYSTEM mode: Introduction page 10 Setting of measurement unit and reset page 31 1 - COMPUTER CONTROL 3 - WHILE DIVING: COMPUTER Operation of the Leonardo computer page 13 FUNCTIONS 2 - BEFORE DIVING Diving within no decompression limits page 36 DIVE SET mode: DIVE AIR function: Setting of dive parameters page 16 Dive with Air page 37 Oxygen partial pressure (PO2) page 16 DIVE NITROX function: Nitrox - Percentage of the oxygen (FO2) page 18 Dive with Nitrox page 37 Dive Safety Factor (SF) page 22 Before a Nitrox dive page 37 Deep Stop page 22 Diving with Nitrox page 40 Altitude page 23 CNS toxicity display page 40 PLAN mode: PO2 alarm page 43 Dive planning page 27 Ascent rate page 45 GAGE mode: Safety Stop page 45 Depth gauge and timer page 27 Decompression forewarning page 46 Deep Stop page 46 3 Diving outside no decompression limits page 50 5 - CARE AND MAINTENANCE Omitted Decompression stage alarm page 51 Battery replacement page 71 GAGE MODE depth gauge and timer) page 52 6 - TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Use of the computer with 7 - WARRANTY poor visibility page 56 4 - ON SURFACE AFTER DIVING Data display and management page 59 Surface interval page 59 PLAN function - Dive plan page 60 LOG BOOK function - Dive log page 61 HISTORY function - Dive history page 65 DIVE PROFILE function - Dive profile page 65 PCLINK function Pc compatible interface page 66 System Reset Reset of the instrument page 70 4 Congratulations on your purchase of your Leo - trox) dive.