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Urinary Problems in Decompression Sickness*
Paraplegia 23 (1985) 20-25 © 1985 International Medical Society of Paraplegia Urinary Problems in Decompression Sickness* Athanasios Dounis, M.D. and Dionisios Mitropoulos, M.D. The Naval Medical Hyperbaric Center) Piraeus Naval Hospital and Department of Urology) Athens Naval Hospital) Greece Summary The records of 25 patients with type II decompression sickness and urinary problems have been reviewed. Seventeen patients were professionals and 8 were above the age of 40. The disease appeared within the 1st hour of emergence from the water in 70% of the cases and within the first 4 hours in the remaining 30%. Nine patients were diagnosed as paraplegic and two as tetraplegic. All patients had urinary disturbances and 14 were on Foley-catheter drainage during the decompression while 11 were on intermittent catheterisation. Fifteen patients had improved urinary function after recompression) 8 had some difficulty) 2 underwent a sphincterotomy and one a transurethral prostatectomy. The low percentage of complete recovery was due to the delayed arrival at the decompression chamber. Key words: Diving; Decompression sickness; Urinary disturbances. Introduction Diving for sponge fishery is the main professional occupation of the young men in the South-East Aegean islands. Although the use of recompression has decreased the number of decompression sickness victims, patients with remaining neurological problems still present. During the last 20 years, although there is a decrease of the professional divers' accidents there is an increase of the number of patients with decompression sickness. This is due to the continuously increasing numbers of sport divers in Greece. In Greece, the field of underwater medicine is covered mainly by the Naval Medical Service. -
VR Series Dive Computer Manual
VR Technology Limited To ensure your user information is up to date. Please check www.technologyindepth.com for updates to this manual. VR Series Dive Computer Manual VR Dive Computer Operations Manual 2009 rev E 28/01/2009 1 VR Technology Limited Model Name VRX/VR3 Manufactured by VR Technology Limited Unit 12 Blackhill Road West Holton Heath Industrial Estate Poole Dorset BH16 6LE England UK WARNING Diving is an adventurous sport and should not be undertaken without receiving the necessary training from a recognised training agency. VR Dive Computer Operations Manual 2009 rev E 28/01/2009 2 VR Technology Limited Table of Contents Model Name...................................................................................................................2 Manufactured by ............................................................................................................2 Getting Started ...............................................................................................................7 Battery............................................................................................................................7 Power Monkey charging option (VRx)..........................................................................8 Switches .....................................................................................................................8 Home Screen..................................................................................................................9 The Home Screen features.........................................................................................9 -
ECHM-EDTC Educational and Training Standards for Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine 2011
ECHM-EDTC Educational and Training Standards for Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine 2011 EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING STANDARDS FOR PHYSICIANS IN DIVING AND HYPERBARIC MEDICINE Written by Joint Educational Subcommittee of the European Committee for Hyperbaric Medicine (ECHM) and the European Diving Technical Committee (EDTC) List of content: Foreword ..................................................................................................................................................2 1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3 2. Definition of jobs...................................................................................................................................4 3. Training programs ................................................................................................................................6 4. Content of modules ..............................................................................................................................7 5. Standards for course organisation and certification.............................................................................9 5.1. Teaching courses..........................................................................................................................9 5.2. Modules and course organisation.................................................................................................9 5.3. Recognition of an expert.............................................................................................................10 -
Development of the Crew Dragon ECLSS
ICES-2020-333 Development of the Crew Dragon ECLSS Jason Silverman1, Andrew Irby2, and Theodore Agerton3 Space Exploration Technologies, Hawthorne, California, 90250 SpaceX designed the Crew Dragon spacecraft to be the safest ever flown and to restore the ability of the United States to launch astronauts. One of the key systems required for human flight is the Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS), which was designed to work in concert with the spacesuit and spacecraft. The tight coupling of many subsystems combined with an emphasis on simplicity and fault tolerance created unique challenges and opportunities for the design team. During the development of the crew ECLSS, the Dragon 1 cargo spacecraft flew with a simple ECLSS for animals, providing an opportunity for technology development and the early characterization of system-level behavior. As the ECLSS design matured a series of tests were conducted, including with humans in a prototype capsule in November 2016, the Demo-1 test flight to the ISS in March 2019, and human-in-the-loop ground testing in the Demo-2 capsule in January 2020 before the same vehicle performs a crewed test flight. This paper describes the design and operations of the ECLSS, the development process, and the lessons learned. Nomenclature AC = air conditioning AQM = air quality monitor AVV = active vent valve CCiCap = Commercial Crew Integrated Capability CCtCap = Commercial Crew Transportation Capability CFD = computational fluid dynamics conops = concept of operations COPV = composite overwrapped -
Dysbarism - Barotrauma
DYSBARISM - BAROTRAUMA Introduction Dysbarism is the term given to medical complications of exposure to gases at higher than normal atmospheric pressure. It includes barotrauma, decompression illness and nitrogen narcosis. Barotrauma occurs as a consequence of excessive expansion or contraction of gas within enclosed body cavities. Barotrauma principally affects the: 1. Lungs (most importantly): Lung barotrauma may result in: ● Gas embolism ● Pneumomediastinum ● Pneumothorax. 2. Eyes 3. Middle / Inner ear 4. Sinuses 5. Teeth / mandible 6. GIT (rarely) Any illness that develops during or post div.ing must be considered to be diving- related until proven otherwise. Any patient with neurological symptoms in particular needs urgent referral to a specialist in hyperbaric medicine. See also separate document on Dysbarism - Decompression Illness (in Environmental folder). Terminology The term dysbarism encompasses: ● Decompression illness And ● Barotrauma And ● Nitrogen narcosis Decompression illness (DCI) includes: 1. Decompression sickness (DCS) (or in lay terms, the “bends”): ● Type I DCS: ♥ Involves the joints or skin only ● Type II DCS: ♥ Involves all other pain, neurological injury, vestibular and pulmonary symptoms. 2. Arterial gas embolism (AGE): ● Due to pulmonary barotrauma releasing air into the circulation. Epidemiology Diving is generally a safe undertaking. Serious decompression incidents occur approximately only in 1 in 10,000 dives. However, because of high participation rates, there are about 200 - 300 cases of significant decompression illness requiring treatment in Australia each year. It is estimated that 10 times this number of divers experience less severe illness after diving. Physics Boyle’s Law: The air pressure at sea level is 1 atmosphere absolute (ATA). Alternative units used for 1 ATA include: ● 101.3 kPa (SI units) ● 1.013 Bar ● 10 meters of sea water (MSW) ● 760 mm of mercury (mm Hg) ● 14.7 pounds per square inch (PSI) For every 10 meters a diver descends in seawater, the pressure increases by 1 ATA. -
8. Decompression Procedures Diver
TDI Standards and Procedures Part 2: TDI Diver Standards 8. Decompression Procedures Diver 8.1 Introduction This course examines the theory, methods and procedures of planned stage decompression diving. This program is designed as a stand-alone course or it may be taught in conjunction with TDI Advanced Nitrox, Advanced Wreck, or Full Cave Course. The objective of this course is to train divers how to plan and conduct a standard staged decompression dive not exceeding a maximum depth of 45 metres / 150 feet. The most common equipment requirements, equipment set-up and decompression techniques are presented. Students are permitted to utilize enriched air nitrox (EAN) mixes or oxygen for decompression provided the gas mix is within their current certification level. 8.2 Qualifications of Graduates Upon successful completion of this course, graduates may engage in decompression diving activities without direct supervision provided: 1. The diving activities approximate those of training 2. The areas of activities approximate those of training 3. Environmental conditions approximate those of training Upon successful completion of this course, graduates are qualified to enroll in: 1. TDI Advanced Nitrox Course 2. TDI Extended Range Course 3. TDI Advanced Wreck Course 4. TDI Trimix Course 8.3 Who May Teach Any active TDI Decompression Procedures Instructor may teach this course Version 0221 67 TDI Standards and Procedures Part 2: TDI Diver Standards 8.4 Student to Instructor Ratio Academic 1. Unlimited, so long as adequate facility, supplies and time are provided to ensure comprehensive and complete training of subject matter Confined Water (swimming pool-like conditions) 1. -
T1, U-2 and L1 Transmitters™ Software V3.06 April 22, 2014
™ Air Integrated Dive Computer User Manual ™ Air Integrated Dive Computer Software v1.18 Ultrasonic software v1.11 And T1, U-2 and L1 Transmitters™ Software v3.06 April 22, 2014 Liquivision Products, Inc -1- Manual 1.6; Lynx 1.18; US 1.11; U-2 3.06 ™ Air Integrated Dive Computer User Manual CONTENTS IMPORTANT NOTICES ............................................................................................................................... 8 Definitions ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 User Agreement and Warranty ....................................................................................................................... 9 User Manual .................................................................................................................................................. 9 Liquivision Limitation of Liability ............................................................................................................... 10 Trademark Notice ........................................................................................................................................ 10 Patent Notice ............................................................................................................................................... 10 CE ............................................................................................................................................................... 10 LYNX -
Biomechanics of Safe Ascents Workshop
PROCEEDINGS OF BIOMECHANICS OF SAFE ASCENTS WORKSHOP — 10 ft E 30 ft TIME AMERICAN ACADEMY OF UNDERWATER SCIENCES September 25 - 27, 1989 Woods Hole, Massachusetts Proceedings of the AAUS Biomechanics of Safe Ascents Workshop Michael A. Lang and Glen H. Egstrom, (Editors) Copyright © 1990 by AMERICAN ACADEMY OF UNDERWATER SCIENCES 947 Newhall Street Costa Mesa, CA 92627 All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publishers Copies of these Proceedings can be purchased from AAUS at the above address This workshop was sponsored in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Commerce, under grant number 40AANR902932, through the Office of Undersea Research, and in part by the Diving Equipment Manufacturers Association (DEMA), and in part by the American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS). The U.S. Government is authorized to produce and distribute reprints for governmental purposes notwithstanding the copyright notation that appears above. Opinions presented at the Workshop and in the Proceedings are those of the contributors, and do not necessarily reflect those of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY OF UNDERWATER SCIENCES BIOMECHANICS OF SAFE ASCENTS WORKSHOP WHOI/MBL Woods Hole, Massachusetts September 25 - 27, 1989 MICHAEL A. LANG GLEN H. EGSTROM Editors American Academy of Underwater Sciences 947 Newhall Street, Costa Mesa, California 92627 U.S.A. An American Academy of Underwater Sciences Diving Safety Publication AAUSDSP-BSA-01-90 CONTENTS Preface i About AAUS ii Executive Summary iii Acknowledgments v Session 1: Introductory Session Welcoming address - Michael A. -
Code of Federal Regulations GPO Access
4±23±97 Wednesday Vol. 62 No. 78 April 23, 1997 Pages 19667±19896 Briefings on how to use the Federal Register For information on briefings in Washington, DC, see announcement on the inside cover of this issue. Now Available Online Code of Federal Regulations via GPO Access (Selected Volumes) Free, easy, online access to selected Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) volumes is now available via GPO Access, a service of the United States Government Printing Office (GPO). CFR titles will be added to GPO Access incrementally throughout calendar years 1996 and 1997 until a complete set is available. GPO is taking steps so that the online and printed versions of the CFR will be released concurrently. The CFR and Federal Register on GPO Access, are the official online editions authorized by the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register. New titles and/or volumes will be added to this online service as they become available. http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr For additional information on GPO Access products, services and access methods, see page II or contact the GPO Access User Support Team via: ★ Phone: toll-free: 1-888-293-6498 ★ Email: [email protected] federal register 1 II Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 78 / Wednesday, April 23, 1997 SUBSCRIPTIONS AND COPIES PUBLIC Subscriptions: Paper or fiche 202±512±1800 Assistance with public subscriptions 512±1806 General online information 202±512±1530; 1±888±293±6498 FEDERAL REGISTER Published daily, Monday through Friday, Single copies/back copies: (not published on Saturdays, Sundays, or on official holidays), by the Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Paper or fiche 512±1800 Records Administration, Washington, DC 20408, under the Federal Assistance with public single copies 512±1803 Register Act (49 Stat. -
Underwater Photographyphotography a Web Magazine
UnderwaterUnderwater PhotographyPhotography a web magazine Oct/Nov 2002 Nikon D100 housings Fuji S2 housing Sony F707 housing Kodak DCS Pro 14n Sperm whale Nai’a liveaboard U/w photojournalist - Jack Jackson Henry the seadragon Scilly Seals Lights & divers Easy macro British fish Underwater tripod Visions 2002 UwP 1 What links these sites? Turn to page 7 to find out... UwP 2 UnderwaterUnderwater PhotographyPhotography a web magazine Oct/Nov 2002 e mail [email protected] Contents 4 Travel & events 30 Meet Henry 43 Easy macro 8 New products 14 Sperm whale by Andy & Angela Heath with Ee wan Khoo 35 Scilly Seals 47 British fish with Tony Wu 19 Nai’a liveaboard with Will & Demelza by Mark Webster Posslethwaite 54 Size matters 35 Lights & divers by Jukka Nurminen & Alex Mustard by Pete Atkinson 25 U/w photojournalist by Martin Edge Cover photo by Tony Wu 58 Visions 2002 by Jack Jackson UwP 3 Travel & events Jim Breakell Tahiti talk at Dive Show, Oct 12/13 2002 In September Jim Breakell of Scuba Safaris went on a fact finding trip to the Pacific. First off he went to Ryrutu for for a few days humpback whale watching, then a week on the inaugural trip of the Tahiti Aggressor and then on to Bora Bora (what a hard life he has!) He will be giving an illustrated talk about his trip at the Dive Show in Birmingham on October 12/13th 2002. For more information contact Scuba Safaris, PO Box 8, Edenbridge, Kent TN8 7ZS. Tel 01342 851196. www.scuba-safaris.com John Boyle video trip May 2003 INVITATION John Boyle will be hosting a video diving trip from Bali to Komodo on Kararu next year. -
Special Operations Rebreathers
Special Operations Underwater Life Support Systems INTRODUCTION TO JFD JFD is the world leading underwater capability provider facilitating the commercial and defence diving industries by offering innovative diving, submarine rescue and subsea technical solutions. JFD has a well-established history in the development of advanced and innovative diving and submarine rescue systems spanning over 30 years. Our systems continue to set the president in terms of capability and performance and JFD is relied upon by divers worldwide across both the defence and commercial sectors. Our products and services have been delivered to a large number of countries across all continents. With in-service support established in many of these locations and tailored Integrated Logistics Support (ILS) packages, JFD is able to provide high customer equipment availability, rapid technical support and tailored training packages. 2 | Introduction JFD offers two highly capable underwater life support systems to meet the full mission profile of today’s Special Operations diver. A modular approach enables customisation of the life support system in response to demands across the full operational spectrum. SHADOW ENFORCER The solution for extended duration and deeper diving The lightweight solution for short duration mission mission profiles. profiles. 3 | Offering A common life support platform facilitates a multi-mission capability offering numerous operational and logistic benefits that include: ENHANCED MISSION EFFECTIVENESS • Front and back mount options • Oxygen -
Diving Standards (I.E., Code of Federal Regulations, 29.1910 Subpart T)
STANDARDS FOR THE CONDUCT OF SCIENTIFIC DIVING June 3, 2004 OFFICE OF POLAR PROGRAMS NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION 1 FOREWORD The Office of Polar Programs (OPP) of the National Science Foundation (NSF) provides support for underwater diving associated with the research activities it funds in Antarctica. The NSF/OPP’s Standards for the Conduct of Scientific Diving have been developed to ensure that all scientific diving conducted under the aegis of the Office of Polar Programs is conducted in a manner that will maximize protection of scientific divers from accidental injury or illness associated with underwater diving while optimizing the researchers’ ability to conduct research. The OPP Standards have been patterned after the American Academy of Underwater Sciences (AAUS) Standards for Scientific Diving, a document that has provided a template for scientific diving at most academic and research institutions in the United States over the last fifty years. The approach described in the AAUS Standards for Scientific Diving has been recognized by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) as providing an alternate means of protecting divers than their commercial diving standards (i.e., Code of Federal Regulations, 29.1910 Subpart T). There are inherent risks in underwater diving and doing so in polar regions involves additional risks because of the environmental conditions and remoteness. The OPP Standards for the Conduct of Scientific Diving provides a framework within which to manage those risks and allow underwater diving in support of the scientific enterprise in Antarctica to proceed safely. Each scientific diver should acknowledge those risks and commit to conducting their underwater diving activities in accordance with the OPP Standards.