Hemimorphite Zn4si2o7(OH)2 ² H2O C 2001 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1.2 ° Crystal Data: Orthorhombic
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Download PDF About Minerals Sorted by Mineral Name
MINERALS SORTED BY NAME Here is an alphabetical list of minerals discussed on this site. More information on and photographs of these minerals in Kentucky is available in the book “Rocks and Minerals of Kentucky” (Anderson, 1994). APATITE Crystal system: hexagonal. Fracture: conchoidal. Color: red, brown, white. Hardness: 5.0. Luster: opaque or semitransparent. Specific gravity: 3.1. Apatite, also called cellophane, occurs in peridotites in eastern and western Kentucky. A microcrystalline variety of collophane found in northern Woodford County is dark reddish brown, porous, and occurs in phosphatic beds, lenses, and nodules in the Tanglewood Member of the Lexington Limestone. Some fossils in the Tanglewood Member are coated with phosphate. Beds are generally very thin, but occasionally several feet thick. The Woodford County phosphate beds were mined during the early 1900s near Wallace, Ky. BARITE Crystal system: orthorhombic. Cleavage: often in groups of platy or tabular crystals. Color: usually white, but may be light shades of blue, brown, yellow, or red. Hardness: 3.0 to 3.5. Streak: white. Luster: vitreous to pearly. Specific gravity: 4.5. Tenacity: brittle. Uses: in heavy muds in oil-well drilling, to increase brilliance in the glass-making industry, as filler for paper, cosmetics, textiles, linoleum, rubber goods, paints. Barite generally occurs in a white massive variety (often appearing earthy when weathered), although some clear to bluish, bladed barite crystals have been observed in several vein deposits in central Kentucky, and commonly occurs as a solid solution series with celestite where barium and strontium can substitute for each other. Various nodular zones have been observed in Silurian–Devonian rocks in east-central Kentucky. -
Washington State Minerals Checklist
Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite -
Revision 1 New Insights Into the Crystal Chemistry of Sauconite (Zn
This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, published by the Mineralogical Society of America. The published version is subject to change. Cite as Authors (Year) Title. American Mineralogist, in press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7460. http://www.minsocam.org/ Revision 1 New insights into the crystal chemistry of sauconite (Zn-smectite) from the Skorpion zinc deposit (Namibia) via a multi-methodological approach Emanuela Schingaro1*, Gennaro Ventruti1, Doriana Vinci1, Giuseppina Balassone2, Nicola Mondillo2, Fernando Nieto3, Maria Lacalamita1, Matteo Leoni4,5 1Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, I-70125, Bari, Italy 2Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell’Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università “Federico II”, Complesso Universitario Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia, I-80126, Napoli, Italy 3Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, IACT, Universidad de Granada-CSIC, Av. Fuentenueva s/n, 18002, Granada, Spain 4Saudi Aramco Research and Development Center, P.O. Box 5000, 31311, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia 5Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale e Meccanica, Università di Trento, Via Mesiano, 77, Trento, 38123, Italy *Corresponding author: Emanuela Schingaro, e-mail: [email protected] RUNNING TITLE: New insights into the crystal chemistry of sauconite 1 Always consult and cite the final, published document. See http:/www.minsocam.org or GeoscienceWorld This is the peer-reviewed, final accepted version for American Mineralogist, -
Evolution of Zincian Malachite Synthesis by Low Temperature Co
Evolution of zincian malachite synthesis by low temperature co- precipitation and its catalytic impact on the methanol synthesis Leon Zwienera, Frank Girgsdiesa, Daniel Brenneckea, Detre Teschnera,b, Albert G.F. Machokeb, Robert Schlögla,b, and Elias Frei*a [a] Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany. [b] Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34 – 36, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany. *E-mail: [email protected] Keywords: zincian malachite • co-precipitation • methanol synthesis Abstract: Low temperature co-precipitation enabled, for the first time, the preparation of phase pure zincian malachite precursors with Zn contents of up to 31 at.-%. The high Zn content was beneficial for maximizing the dispersion of Cu and oxygen defect sites on the ZnO surface. Further, an increase of the Zn loading from 10 to 31 at.-% doubled the specific surface areas obtained from N2O-RFC (Reactive Frontal Chromatography) and H2- TA (Transient Adsorption). As the Zn content was increased from 10 to 31 at.-%, the apparent activation energy for methanol formation was strongly decreased. Furthermore, water formation was reduced indicating a retardation of the rWGS in favor of methanol formation at high Zn loadings. Additionally, compared to high temperature co-precipitation, low temperature precipitated catalysts exhibited increased catalytic activities. 1. Introduction Rising global energy demand, relying on the ongoing consumption of fossil fuels, has led to a drastic increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration over the past century.[1] Since CO2 has been attributed to be the main anthropogenic source of the greenhouse effect, CO2 has become a valuable carbon source available for chemical conversion (e.g. -
The Geochemistry and Mobility of Zinc in the Regolith. Advances in Regolith 2003 289
Advances in Regolith 2003 287 THE GEOCHEMISTRY AND MOBILITY OF ZINC IN THE REGOLITH D. C. McPhail1, Edward Summerhayes1, Susan Welch1 & Joël Brugger2 CRC LEME, Department of Geology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200 1South Australian Museum and Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5000 INTRODUCTION The mobility of zinc in the regolith is important for several reasons, including the weathering of zinc deposits, formation of non-sulphide zinc deposits and contamination of soils and waters from human impact. The mobility of zinc is also important more generally to geologists and geochemists, both exploration and otherwise, because of the need to understand the formation of zinc ore deposits, such as Mississippi Valley Type (MVT), volcanic-hosted massive sulphide (VHMS), zinc oxide and others in which zinc occurs. This means that exploration geochemists, economic geologists and environmental scientists need to understand how zinc exists in the regolith, different lithologies and water, how it is mobilized or trapped, how far it can be transported and whether it is bioavailable and acts as either a micronutrient or a toxin to plant and animal life. In economic geology, there is presently an increasing interest in the formation of zinc oxide, or non- sulphide zinc deposits, and this is reflected in a recent special issue in the journal Economic Geology (Sangster 2003). Although the mobility of zinc in the regolith depends on the transporting process (e.g., groundwater advection or convection, sediment or airborne physical transport, biotic), it depends substantially on the geochemistry of zinc, i.e., how does zinc exist in groundwater and the regolith materials and what are the important geochemical reactions between water and solid. -
Aurichalcite (Zn, Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Aurichalcite (Zn, Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic, pseudo-orthorhombic by twinning. Point Group: 2/m. As acicular to lathlike crystals with prominent {010}, commonly striated k [001], with wedgelike terminations, to 3 cm. Typically in tufted divergent sprays or spherical aggregates, may be in thick crusts; rarely columnar, laminated or granular. Twinning: Observed in X-ray patterns. Physical Properties: Cleavage: On {010} and {100}, perfect. Tenacity: “Fragile”. Hardness = 1–2 D(meas.) = 3.96 D(calc.) = 3.93–3.94 Optical Properties: Transparent to translucent. Color: Pale green, greenish blue, sky-blue; colorless to pale blue, pale green in transmitted light. Luster: Silky to pearly. Optical Class: Biaxial (–). Pleochroism: Weak; X = colorless; Y = Z = blue-green. Orientation: X = b; Y ' a; Z ' c. Dispersion: r< v; strong. α = 1.654–1.661 β = 1.740–1.749 γ = 1.743–1.756 2V(meas.) = Very small. Cell Data: Space Group: P 21/m. a = 13.82(2) b = 6.419(3) c = 5.29(3) β = 101.04(2)◦ Z=2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Mapim´ı,Mexico. 6.78 (10), 2.61 (8), 3.68 (7), 2.89 (4), 2.72 (4), 1.827 (4), 1.656 (4) Chemistry: (1) CO2 16.22 CuO 19.87 ZnO 54.01 CaO 0.36 H2O 9.93 Total 100.39 (1) Utah; corresponds to (Zn3.63Cu1.37)Σ=5.00(CO3)2(OH)6. Occurrence: In the oxidized zones of copper and zinc deposits. Association: Rosasite, smithsonite, hemimorphite, hydrozincite, malachite, azurite. -
Infrare D Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Minerals
Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s G. C. Jones Department of Mineralogy The Natural History Museum London, UK and B. Jackson Department of Geology Royal Museum of Scotland Edinburgh, UK A collaborative project of The Natural History Museum and National Museums of Scotland E3 SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Firs t editio n 1 993 © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993 Typese t at the Natura l Histor y Museu m ISBN 978-94-010-4940-5 ISBN 978-94-011-2120-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2120-0 Apar t fro m any fair dealin g for the purpose s of researc h or privat e study , or criticis m or review , as permitte d unde r the UK Copyrigh t Design s and Patent s Act , 1988, thi s publicatio n may not be reproduced , stored , or transmitted , in any for m or by any means , withou t the prio r permissio n in writin g of the publishers , or in the case of reprographi c reproductio n onl y in accordanc e wit h the term s of the licence s issue d by the Copyrigh t Licensin g Agenc y in the UK, or in accordanc e wit h the term s of licence s issue d by the appropriat e Reproductio n Right s Organizatio n outsid e the UK. Enquirie s concernin g reproductio n outsid e the term s state d here shoul d be sent to the publisher s at the Londo n addres s printe d on thi s page. -
Nickeloan Hydrozincite" a New Variety
MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, SEPTEMBER I979, VOL. 43, PP. 397-8 Nickeloan hydrozincite" a new variety A. K. ALWAN AND P. A. WILLIAMS Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University College, PO Box 78, Cardiff CFI IXL, Wales SU M M A R Y. Extensive substitution of Ni for Zn in hydro- specimen are of the order of I mm in thickness and zincite from the Parc Mine, North Wales, has been have a pure white streak. No difficulty was ex- observed. This is the first time that a substantial concen- perienced in obtaining specimens suitable for ana- tration of another transition metal in this mineral has lysis which were free from limonite, which is also been reported. The average composition of the nickeloan present in large quantities in the workings as a hydrozincite is Zn4.63Nio.37(CO3h(OH)6. The relation- ship of this new variety to other secondary carbonate- result of oxidation of the sulphide orebody (Alwan containing nickel minerals is discussed, as is the and Williams, i979). The material obtained was possibility of substitution of other transition metal ions analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry, into the hydrozincite lattice. using a Varian AA6 instrument fitted with a carbon rod analyser, after dissolution in Analar| 0.05 mol dm-3HNO3. A summary of the analytical results are given in Table I. Very minor amounts of Cu and DURING the course of a study (Alwan and Fe were found to be present. Concentrations of Co, Williams, I979) on the formation of hydrozincite, Ca, and Mg are less than the detection limit, and A1 Zns(CO3)2(OH)6, from aqueous solution in the was not detected. -
Thermokinetic Investigation of Binary Cu/Zn Hydroxycarbonates As Precursors for Cu/Zno Catalysts
Thermokinetic investigation of binary Cu/Zn hydroxycarbonates as precursors for Cu/ZnO catalysts Andrey Tarasov, Julia Schumann, Frank Girgsdies, Nygil Thomas and Malte Behrens Fritz Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin (Germany) Fax: (+49)30-8413-4401 [email protected] Keywords: Thermogravimetry, Cu/Zn hydroxycarbonates, decomposition kinetics Abstract A combination of thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) coupled to mass spectrometry has been applied to study the thermal decomposition of Cu/Zn hydroxycarbonates, which are used as a precursor for the active methanol synthesis catalyst. Original TG and DSC profiles and results of a formal kinetic analysis of the calcination process are compared with transformations occurring in the solid phase, which has been studied by means of in-situ XRD. A series of hydroxycarbonate precursors with different Cu/Zn molar ratios (40/60, 60/40, 80/20) was synthesized under conditions reported as optimum for catalytic performance. The samples contain primarily two crystalline phases, aurichalcite (Cu,Zn)5(CO3)2(OH)6 and zincian malachite (Cu,Zn)2CO3(OH)2. At least four formal decomposition stages of CO2 and H2O evolution cause the major mass loss in the TG experiments. The best-fit quality for the all studied samples was obtained for a four-step competitive reaction model. The experimental TG dependences are adequately described by the n-th order equation and 3D Jander diffusion equation. The effects of the gas flow, sample mass, and water transfer conditions on the reaction pathway were studied. The presence of H2O vapor in the reaction feed accelerates the decomposition and dramatically changes the reaction TG profile. -
Optical Properties of Common Rock-Forming Minerals
AppendixA __________ Optical Properties of Common Rock-Forming Minerals 325 Optical Properties of Common Rock-Forming Minerals J. B. Lyons, S. A. Morse, and R. E. Stoiber Distinguishing Characteristics Chemical XI. System and Indices Birefringence "Characteristically parallel, but Mineral Composition Best Cleavage Sign,2V and Relief and Color see Fig. 13-3. A. High Positive Relief Zircon ZrSiO. Tet. (+) 111=1.940 High biref. Small euhedral grains show (.055) parallel" extinction; may cause pleochroic haloes if enclosed in other minerals Sphene CaTiSiOs Mon. (110) (+) 30-50 13=1.895 High biref. Wedge-shaped grains; may (Titanite) to 1.935 (0.108-.135) show (110) cleavage or (100) Often or (221) parting; ZI\c=51 0; brownish in very high relief; r>v extreme. color CtJI\) 0) Gamet AsB2(SiO.la where Iso. High Grandite often Very pale pink commonest A = R2+ and B = RS + 1.7-1.9 weakly color; inclusions common. birefracting. Indices vary widely with composition. Crystals often euhedraL Uvarovite green, very rare. Staurolite H2FeAI.Si2O'2 Orth. (010) (+) 2V = 87 13=1.750 Low biref. Pleochroic colorless to golden (approximately) (.012) yellow; one good cleavage; twins cruciform or oblique; metamorphic. Olivine Series Mg2SiO. Orth. (+) 2V=85 13=1.651 High biref. Colorless (Fo) to yellow or pale to to (.035) brown (Fa); high relief. Fe2SiO. Orth. (-) 2V=47 13=1.865 High biref. Shagreen (mottled) surface; (.051) often cracked and altered to %II - serpentine. Poor (010) and (100) cleavages. Extinction par- ~ ~ alleL" l~4~ Tourmaline Na(Mg,Fe,Mn,Li,Alk Hex. (-) 111=1.636 Mod. biref. -
The Structure of Hemimorphite
Zeitschrift fUr Kristallographie, Bd. 113, S. 23-29 (1960) The structure of hemimorphite By G. A. BAHCLAY and E. G. Cox Department of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry University of Leeds With 1 figure (Received June 16, 1959) Auszug Die Struktur von Kieselzinkerz, Zn4Si207(OH)2. H20, wurde auf Grund von hkO- und Okl-Projektionen der Elektronendichte neu bestimmt. Das SiP7-Ion besteht aus zwei Si04-Tetraedern mit einem gemeinsamen Sauerstoff- atom; der Si-O-Si-Winkel ist 133°, der Si-O-Abstand vom gemeinsamen O-Atom 1,72 A; die ubrigen Si-O-Abstande sind 1,60 und 1,62 A. Nach vorlaufigen Ergebnissen einer gemeinsam mit H. LYNTON angestellten Untersuchung hat der Thortveitit, Sc2Si207, nicht die Symmetrie 21m und ist cler Winkel Si-O-Si entgegen fruheren Annahmen kein rechter. Abstract The structure of hemimorphite, Zn4(OH)2Si207 . H20, has been redetermined by means of hkO and Okl electron-density projections. The Si207 ion consists of two Si04 tetrahedra with a shared corner; the Si-O-Si angle is 133° and the Si-O distances are 1.72 A (central) and 1.60, 1.62 A (peripheral). Preliminary results for thortveitite, Sc2Si207, (with H. LYNTON) show that the crystals do not have 21m symmetry and that the Si-O-Si angle is not 1800 as formerly supposed. Introduction Earlier investigations of hemimorphite, Zn4(OH)2Si207. H20 (ITo and WEST, 1932), and thortveitite, Sc2Si207 (ZACHARIASEN, 1930), in- dicated linear Si-O-Si bonds in the pyrosilicate groups. On the other hand in the melilites (WARREN, 1930; WARREN and TRAUTZ, 1931), lawsonite (WICKMAN, 1947), tilleyite (SMITH, 1953) and epidote (ITO, MORIMOTOand SADANAGA,1954) the reported Si-O-Si angles range from 131 ° to 165 0; moreover in X207 groups of other kinds the X-O-X angle is usually considerably less than 180°. -
Nature's Art: Geodes from the Collection of Robert R. Wiener
Nature’s Art: Geodes from the Collection of Robert R. Wiener The Rye Arts Center Spring - Summer 2021 Curated by Gail Harrison Roman, PhD A Tribute to Robert R. Wiener The Rye Arts Center extends its gratitude and love to Bob Wiener: Humanitarian, Connoisseur, Collector, Scholar, Educator, Cherished Friend Front cover: Vanadite, Morocco Back cover: Malachite, Congo 1 NATURE’S ART: GEODES FROM THE COLLECTION OF ROBERT R. WIENER Guiding Light of The Rye Arts Center Robert R. Wiener exemplifies the Mission of The Rye Arts Center. He is a supporter of cultural endeavors for all and a staunch believer in extending the educational value of the arts to underserved populations. His largesse currently extends to the Center by his sharing geodes with us. This is the latest chapter of his enduring support that began thirty-five years ago. Bob is responsible for saving 51 Milton Road by spearheading in 1986 the movement to prevent the city’s demolition of our home. He then led the effort to renovate the building that we now occupy. As a member of the RAC Board in the 1980s and 1990s, Bob helped guide the Center through its early years of expansion and success. His efforts have enabled RAC to become a beacon of the arts for the local community and beyond it. Bob has joined with RAC to place cases of his geodes in area schools, where they attract excited attention from children and adults alike. Bob’s maxim is “The purpose of life is to give back.” Led and inspired by Bob, The Wiener Family Philanthropy supports dozens of organizations devoted to the arts, community initiatives, education, health care, and positive youth empowerment.