Book Reviews Vasileios Syros Marsilius of Padua at the Intersection of Ancient and Medieval Traditions of Political Thought Univ

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Book Reviews Vasileios Syros Marsilius of Padua at the Intersection of Ancient and Medieval Traditions of Political Thought Univ Book Reviews Vasileios Syros of the Roman church as the primary cause of strife and internal division in political commu- Marsilius of Padua at the nities, Marsilius rejected the divine origins of Intersection of Ancient and Medieval the church and proclaimed it a human institu- Traditions of Political Thought tion. It therefore causes no surprise that Mar- silian thought has attracted the interest of re- University of Toronto Press, Toronto searchers since the middle of the last century. 2012. x + 305 pp. Vasileios Syros’ works are the latest contribu- Eleni Tounta tions to Marsilian studies, especially as far as Aristotle University of Thessaloniki the sources of Marsilius’ political theory are con- European medieval urban growth from the cerned. Apart from a number of relevant articles, twelfth century onwards and the consequent Syros has published a monograph,1 in which he demands for civic autonomy challenged the undertakes a comparative analysis of Marsilius’ established political ideas about the divine and Aristotle’s political thought, highlighting the sources of power and the relations between selective use made by the former of the latter’s the king, as the earthly representative of God, political doctrines and, thus, challenges the es- and his subjects. Political thought focused on tablished view on Marsilius’ “Aristotelianism”. the salient topics that corresponded to the new social and political reality: the organisation of His book under review could be regarded as an political communities, the definition and the extensive study of Marsilius’ sources. The au- function of the law, the appointment of gov- thor aims to identify potential influences from ernment, the relations between church and a variety of political traditions that include not state. In the same vein, the Bible and the tra- only the legacy of antiquity (mainly Aristotle, ditions of the Church Fathers ceased to be the Plato, Cicero, Stoics) but the medieval Chris- sole sources of knowledge to understand and tian (western European and Byzantine), Jew- interpret politics, while thinkers (political phi- ish and Muslim world as well. Syros’ broad- losophers, theologians, jurists) approached er research focusing on the interaction among the questions raised through classical political Christian, Islamic and Jewish traditions of po- doctrines (Aristotle, Cicero) and Roman law. litical thought, as well as on cross-cultural en- counters in the late medieval and early mod- It is fair to argue that Marsilius of Padua (c. ern period, offers him the necessary tools to 1270/90–c.1342) was the most prominent undertake this work. among them. The radicalism of his thought, expressed in his work Defensor pacis, brings Following an informative introduction about him closer to the political philosophers of the the aim and the structure of the book, the first modern era than to his medieval contempo- two chapters present the historical and intel- raries. Formulating a concept of popular sov- lectual context of Marsilius’ life and work. After ereignty, Marsilius presented the whole body a brief review of Marsilius’ life (chapter one), of the citizens (universitas civium) as the pri- chapter two points to Marsilius’ intellectual mary legislator (legislator humanus) and as- circle that may have acquainted him with pre- signed to it the authority not only to legislate humanist thought (Albertino Mussato), natu- but to elect and depose rulers as well. More- ral philosophy (Peter of Abano) and Averroes’ over, understanding the political interventions doctrines (John of Jandun). 128 HISTOREIN VOLUME 14.2 (2014) The next three chapters deal with Marsilius’ po- Yet, identifying Marsilius’ non-Christian medi- litical theory as it is formulated in discourse one eval sources is admittedly a challenging task. of Defensor pacis. Chapter three focuses on Mar- On the one hand, Marsilius does not reveal his silius’ ideas on the origins of social life, the gen- medieval sources; on the other, there is not al- esis of civic life and eventually the organisation ways evidence for the circulation of these texts of the political community. Chapter four refers and for the access medieval European authors to Marsilius’ legal theory, namely the meaning had to them. In order to overcome these “si- of the law, its function in the political communi- lences”, Syros compares Marsilius’ ideas with ty, the role of the “human legislator” and the re- the thought of major non-Christian thinkers – lation between sovereignty and legislation. The among others, Al-Fārābi (c. 872–950/1), Avi- following chapter deals with Marsilius’ theory of cenna (c. 980–1037), Averroes (1126–1198) and government: the typology of constitutions, the Moses Maimonides (1138–1204) – who dealt modes of establishing monarchy and the ap- with similar topics and were influenced by the pointment of the government. All chapters are same classical heritage. Although direct influ- well-structured and succeed in acquainting the ences are rarely to be traced, Syros succeeds in reader – in particular the nonspecialist – with the situating Marsilius’ political theory in a broad- main topics of Marsilian political theory. er, cross-cultural context, highlighting the affin- ities of his ideas to Muslim and Jewish political An appendix (indicating the correspondences thought. One example suffices to illustrate the between the book under review and the au- author’s perspective. Marsilius argues on the thor’s first monograph), 103 pages of notes, societal function of religion by drawing on pagan 11 pages of primary sources, 66 pages of sec- examples. Syros demonstrates that Al-Fārābi, ondary sources, and indexes of subjects, plac- in his summary of Plato’s Laws, deals with the es and proper names conclude the book and Athenian religious festivals in order to point out provide the reader with a vast bibliography to their edifying role. A similar approach to reli- approach Marsilius’ work. gion, as the author highlights, is to be found in works of Averroes and Maimonides. Under a comparative perspective, Syros’ pur- pose is to bring to light the political traditions It is in this cross-cultural approach that the that possibly inspired Marsilius’ thought. The main contribution of the book lies. Moreover, comparison with Aristotelian doctrines is given that in some topics Syros emphasis- dominant in the book and is, thanks both to es the continuity of political traditions pass- the author’s last monograph and the results ing through Marsilius to Renaissance thinkers of previous scholarship, based on firm ground. (among others Machiavelli, Guicciardini, Pietro The same could be said as far as the classical Pomponazzi), the reader acquires a basic view political tradition (Plato, Cicero and Stoicism) is of medieval and early modern political ideas concerned. Syros succeeds in elucidating how about the establishment, organisation and creatively and selectively Marsilius combines a government of political communities. variety of political doctrines to formulate a co- herent theory on the development of the politi- NOTE cal community and the role played by the body of citizens in this process on the basis of mu- 1 Vasileios Syros, Die Rezeption der aristo- tual consent and against a completely secu- telischen politischen Philosophie bei Marsil- lar backdrop. ius von Padua (Leiden: Brill, 2007). 129.
Recommended publications
  • Aachen, 13 Absolutism, 12 Académie D'architecture, 100 Académie Des Beaux-Arts, 100 Académie Des Belles-Lettres De Caen, 12
    The Information Master: Jean-Baptiste Colbert's Secret State Intelligence System Jacob Soll http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=243021 The University of Michigan Press, 2009. Index Aachen, 13 152; information management, 143–52; Absolutism, 12 and politics, 142 Académie d’Architecture, 100 Archives, 7, 11; archival pillages, 101–8, Académie des Beaux-Arts, 100 126; de Brienne archive, 103; Colbert Académie des Belles-Lettres de Caen, and archives, 37, 104–12; colonial 123–24 archives, 113–19; Dutch archives, 24; Académie des Inscriptions et Belles- ecclesiastical archives, 103–6; Fouquet’s Lettres, 100, 109, 128 archive, “la Cassette de Fouquet,” 46; Académie des Inscriptions et Médaillons, French parliamentary archives, 43–44, 100 108; French state archives, 28–30, Académie des Sciences, 100, 109 101–8; Fugger family archive, 19; ge- Académie Française, 31 nealogical archives, 182–83; medieval Académie Française de Rome, 100 archives, 14–15; nineteenth- Académie Politique of de Torcy, 156 century centralizing state archives, Accounting, 18, 34, 36, 54–58; and Louis 158–59; openness and archives, 166; XIV, 60–66 and Orientalism, 105–7; permanent Agendas, 6, 18; made for Louis XIV, state archives, 158; Renaissance 51–66; of Seignelay, 89 archives, 16; and royal authority, 162; D’Aguesseau, Henri de, intendant, 91 searchable archives, 158; and secrecy, Alberti, Leon Battista, 54, 57 166; Spanish Archives, 19–21 Amelot de La Houssaye, Abraham- Archivio di Stato di Torino, 163 Nicolas, 54, 57 Archivio Segreto del Vaticano, 22, 28 American Historical Association, 11 Arnoul, Nicolas, intendant, 73–74, 106 Amsterdam, 24–25 Arnoul, Pierre, ‹ls, intendant, 78–79 Ancient Constitution, the, 13, 29, 31, Ars apodemica, 70–72 49 Ars mercatoria, 18, 35 Ann of Austria, Queen of France, 38, 58 Atlantic World, lack of concept of, 115, Antiquarianism, 25–33; and government, 118 269 The Information Master: Jean-Baptiste Colbert's Secret State Intelligence System Jacob Soll http://www.press.umich.edu/titleDetailDesc.do?id=243021 The University of Michigan Press, 2009.
    [Show full text]
  • Justifying Religious Freedom: the Western Tradition
    Justifying Religious Freedom: The Western Tradition E. Gregory Wallace* Table of Contents I. THESIS: REDISCOVERING THE RELIGIOUS JUSTIFICATIONS FOR RELIGIOUS FREEDOM.......................................................... 488 II. THE ORIGINS OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN EARLY CHRISTIAN THOUGHT ................................................................................... 495 A. Early Christian Views on Religious Toleration and Freedom.............................................................................. 495 1. Early Christian Teaching on Church and State............. 496 2. Persecution in the Early Roman Empire....................... 499 3. Tertullian’s Call for Religious Freedom ....................... 502 B. Christianity and Religious Freedom in the Constantinian Empire ................................................................................ 504 C. The Rise of Intolerance in Christendom ............................. 510 1. The Beginnings of Christian Intolerance ...................... 510 2. The Causes of Christian Intolerance ............................. 512 D. Opposition to State Persecution in Early Christendom...... 516 E. Augustine’s Theory of Persecution..................................... 518 F. Church-State Boundaries in Early Christendom................ 526 G. Emerging Principles of Religious Freedom........................ 528 III. THE PRESERVATION OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN MEDIEVAL AND REFORMATION EUROPE...................................................... 530 A. Persecution and Opposition in the Medieval
    [Show full text]
  • Avignon Vs. Rome: Dante, Petrarch, Catherine of Siena
    [Expositions 4.1&2 (2010) 47-62] Expositions (online) ISSN: 1747-5376 Avignon vs. Rome: Dante, Petrarch, Catherine of Siena THOMAS RENNA Saginaw Valley State University ABSTRACT In the fourteenth century the image of ancient Rome as Babylon was transformed into the positive idea of Rome as both a Christian and a classical ideal. Whereas Dante disassociated Augustine‟s Babylon from imperial Rome, Petrarch turned Avignon into Babylon, a symbol of an avaricious papacy. For Catherine of Siena Avignon was not evil, but a distraction which prevented the pope from reforming the Italian clergy, bringing peace to Italy, and launching the crusade. “There is only one hope of salvation in this place! Here, Christ is sold for gold!”1 And so Francesco Petrarch denounced the Avignon of the popes as the most evil place on earth since the days of ancient Babylon. This view of the Holy See should have disappeared when the papacy returned to Rome in 1377, but it did not. On the contrary, the castigation of the sins of pontiffs intensified, as subsequent ages used this profile to vilify the papacy, the clergy, the French monarchy, and the French nation.2 Not to be outdone, some French historians in the twentieth century sought to correct this received tradition by examining the popes‟ worthy qualities.3 It is curious that this depiction of Avignon as the Babylon Captivity has enjoyed such longevity, even in college textbooks.4 “Corruption” is of course a value judgment as much as a description of actual behavior. Doubtless Pope Clement VI did not think of his curia as “corrupt.” Contemporary citizens of Mongolia do not see Genghis Khan as the monster of the medieval Christian chronicles.
    [Show full text]
  • History of Political Thought Also by John Morrow
    History of Political Thought Also by John Morrow T. H. Green: Lectures on the Principles of Political Obligation and Other Writings (with Paul Harris) Coleridge's Political Thought Coleridge's Writings: On Politics and Society A History of English Political Thought in the Nineteenth Century (with Mark Francis) History of Political Thought A Thematic Introduction John Morrow palgrave C> John Morrow 1998 AU rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright. Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1 P OLP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright. Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by PALGRAVE Houndmills. Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York. N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of 5t. Martin's Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd). ISBN 978-0-333-63221-5 ISBN 978-1-349-25939-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-25939-7 this book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fuUy managed and sustained forest sources.
    [Show full text]
  • AP European History Test & Exam Review Materials
    AP European History Test & Exam Review Materials Chapter 9: The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown 1300-1453 Key Terms and Concepts Battle of Crecy Hundred Years War Battle of Sluys Jacquerie Black Death Joan of Arc Boyars John Ball Clericus Laicos John Huss Conciliar Theory John Wycliffe Council of Constance Lollards Dante Alighieri Marsilius of Padua Decameron Peace of Bretigny Donatism Taille Edward III-England Unan Sanctum Estates General-medieval vernacular Four Articles of Prague Wat Tyler Great Schism William of Ockham Henry V-England Chapter 10: Renaissance & Discovery Key Terms and Concepts Aragon & Castile Johan Huizinga Boccaccio Johannes Gutenberg Brittany League of Venice Burgundy Leonardo da Vinci Cardinal Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros mannerism Cesare Borgia Manuel Chrysoloras Charles VIII-France Michelangelo civic humanism Niccolo Machiavelli condottieri Northern Renaissance Cosimo de' Medici Petrarch Court of Star Chamber Platonism Desiderius Erasmus Raphael Ferdinand of Aragon Renaissance gabelle The Prince Girolamo Savonarola Thomas More Golden Bull Tudor Dynasty Heiko Oberman Utopia Henry VII-England Holy Roman Empire humanism humanities Isabella of Castile 2 Chapter 11: The Age of Reformation Key Terms and Concepts Act of Supremacy Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra Anababtists Ninety-Five Theses Anne Bloeyn Peasant Revolt Augsburg Confession Philip Melanchthon Charles V-Holy Roman Empire Philip of Hesse Council of Trent Reformation Counter-Reformation Reformation Parliament Diet of Worms Schmalkaldic League English Reformation Thomas Cranmer Henry VIII-England Ulrich Zwingli Ignatius of Loyola William Shakespeare indulgences Jesuits John Calvin Martin Luther 3 Chapter 12: The Age of Religious Wars Key Terms and Concepts Battle of Lepantro Mary I "Bloody Mary" canton Mary, Queen of Scots Catherine de Medici Philip II Catholic League politiques consumbstantiation predestination cuis regio, eius religio Protestant Union St.
    [Show full text]
  • The Body Politic from Medieval Lombardy to the Dutch Republic
    _full_journalsubtitle: A Journal for the Study of Science, Technology and Medicine in the Pre-modern Period _full_abbrevjournaltitle: ESM _full_ppubnumber: ISSN 1383-7427 (print version) _full_epubnumber: ISSN 1573-3823 (online version) _full_issue: 1 _full_issuetitle: The Body Politic from Medieval Lombardy to the Dutch Republic _full_alt_author_running_head (neem stramien J2 voor dit article en vul alleen 0 in hierna): 0 _full_alt_articletitle_running_head (rechter kopregel - mag alles zijn): The Body Politic: Introduction _full_is_advance_article: 0 _full_article_language: en indien anders: engelse articletitle: 0 The Body Politic: EarlyIntroduction Science and Medicine 25 (2020) 1-7 1 www.brill.com/esm The Body Politic from Medieval Lombardy to the Dutch Republic: An Introduction Vasileios Syros University of Jyväskylä, Finland [email protected] The content of this special issue is based on three of the presentations de- livered at the international conference “The Body Politic and Social Harmony: From the Middle Ages to the Present.” The event was held on 28 and 29 May 2018 at the Meeting and Conference Center Soeterbeeck in Ravenstein, The Netherlands, under the auspices of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), and corresponded with my appointment as KNAW Visit- ing Professor at the Faculty of Philosophy, Theology and Religious Studies at Radboud University Nijmegen during spring 2017 and spring 2018. The body politic metaphor, widely invoked in envisioning various modes of the existence and operation of a harmonious society, has been an enduring feature in the evolution of political thought, both in the “West” and elsewhere. The conference drew upon the cumulative expertise of scholars from different disciplinary backgrounds. It explored iterations of the body politic metaphor and its normative value for conceptions of social and political harmony from the Middle Ages to the present in the European, Islamic, Jewish, Indian, Rus- sian, and East Asian traditions of political theorizing.
    [Show full text]
  • Church and Council: the Ecclesiology of Marsilius of Padua
    ANTHONY C. YU Church and Council: The Ecclesiology of Marsilius of Padua With the recent convention and completion of the Second Vatican Council, one traditional concern of the Christian church once more has been placed in sharp focus. Within the context of reform, renewal, and ecumenical conversa­ tion, the question of church and council has been raised and discussed with fresh significance.1 It is not surprising today to find Roman Catholics and Protestants, though they may differ widely in their theological assumptions, all earnestly debating the possibilities of a church council for internal reform and for external reunion of the divided communions. In light of these develop­ ments, it is instructive to examine afresh some of the ideas of Marsilius of Padua, who, as a Roman Catholic historian has recently observed, has conventionally been regarded as one of the fathers of modem conciliar theory.2 Whether such an opinion is historically accurate remains a subject of controversy and research. However, there can be no denial of the fact that Marsilius' Defensor Pacis, as a document, was an important milestone in the whole history of conciliar theory and the conciliar movement, and it thus is a significant link from the fourteenth century down to the present. The purpose of the study is to examine and assess Marsilius' concept of the church, with special attention to his theory of the general council. Before we begin formal exposition of the Marsilian ecclesiology, a .word on historical background seems appropriate. When the ideas of the Paduan are studied as more or less isolated phenomena, they appear to be strikingly original and independent of tradition.8 Yet more recent research tends to minimize this emphasis, by placing Marsilius in the context of his contem­ porary society, intellectual and otherwise.4 A note on historical background 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Between Al-Farabi and Derrida
    Page 1 TRANSLATING JUSTICE: BETWEEN AL-FARABI AND DERRIDA Hiba Ghanem (B.A., M.A.) Ph.D. in Philosophy Department of Politics, Philosophy and Religion Lancaster University July 2015 Page 2 ABSTRACT Inspired by Derridean deconstruction, contemporary translation studies hold that translation is a process of transformation that is characterized by indeterminacy. However, little attention has been given to the political aspects of that transformation. By exploring this aspect, this thesis argues that translation is a transformation within sovereignty from a divine to a more secular model that is guided by justice. By offering a comparative reading of Derrida’s and the medieval Turkish/Persian philosopher’s, al-Farabi’s, works on sovereignty and translation, it holds that the switch in the paradigms of sovereignty from a Derridean kingly cape to an al-Farabian imam implies a change in the dynamics of translating sovereignty that is aesthetic in nature. The research starts by exploring the political and theological implications implicit in the translation of sovereignty as expounded in Derrida’s ‘Des Tours de Babel’. Adopting Derrida’s image of the kingly cape turned into a wedding gown, it argues that the translation of sovereignty is an aesthetic shift from a divine-kingly model to a more secular one. The thesis, then, explores traces of this shift within al-Farabi’s model of the Virtuous City where the weeds, dissenting citizens, contest the imam’s logocentric sovereignty in an affective and imaginative medium. Both models will be shown to highlight a reverse structure within the ceremonial aspect of power, which Agamben denotes as ‘acclamation’ or ‘glory’.
    [Show full text]
  • Marsilius of Padua and the Christian Society
    HARSILIUS OF PADUA AND THE CHRISTIAN SOCI.l!;TY • • MARSILIUS OF PADUA AND THE CHRISTIAN SOCIETY· By NICHOLAS SIMON HOLLINGTON A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies _·in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts MCMa~~r University 1968 • • ACKNOWLEDGEHEN'l'S I would like to· thank the staff of the London School of Economies Library for their great assistance to one. who was not especially entitled to such assistanceo Mro John Day, Lecturer in Politics at the Un~versity of Leicester, spent countless hours appraising the subject-matter and the . method and style, and his COlleague, Hr. Maurice Rookham, provided, as always, the stimulation and encouragement so badly needed. Mr. Novak, of McMaster University, pointed out many errors of grammar, style, and form, which marred an original presentation, and Dean Melbng, also of HcMaster, po~nted out several ~nconsistencies and points needing clarification. Finally, va~hout my wife's acceptance o~ hours and days lost to her, all ,. too easily assumed, this work could never have been completedo .i (iii) • • HARSILIUS OF PADUA AND THE CHRISTIAN SOCIETY CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: ST. AUGUSTUrE; THE FOSITIVISM OF DESPAIR 5 A. General 5 B. The Republic and Justice 10 C. The Kingdom without Justice 16 CHAPTER 2: THE CHRISTIPJ1 SOCIETY 21 A. The Papacy 21 (i) The Complex 21 (ii) Ideal Authority 25 (iii) Ideal Power 29 Be The Ruler 31 Co Aristotelianism and Aquinas 35 CHAPTER 3: HARSILIUS -OF PADU A 42 Ae General 42 -B. Society and Christianity 44 C. Politics and Society -----50 - _________ (i) Introductory 50 (ii) First Principles - ---- ----------- ----5"2- ~- (iii) Law and Society 57 (iv) Government and Law --61 (v) Government and ~ociety 63 (v~) Tranquillity 65 Do PolitiCS, Christianity, Society, and Church 66 - - E.
    [Show full text]
  • Augustine's Anthropological Hermeneutic and Political Thought
    Augustine’s Anthropological Hermeneutic and Political Thought in Dante Alighieri’s De Monarchia La hermenéutica antropológica 2 de Agustín y su pensamiento político en De Monarchia de Dante Alighieri Piotr M. Paciorek Independent researcher, United States of America Abstract This essay aims to evaluate the concept of peace that Dante Alighieri inscribed in De Monarchia, a work that is recognized as one of the major achievements of medieval political philosophy. Articulating peace as the main component of the Christian civilization of Western Europe, Dante remained under the influ- ence of Aristotelian ethical and political thought, an- cient Christian theologians, and the great authority of Augustine of Hippo. Since ancient thinkers believed that anthropological concepts should be subject to any socio-political investigation, peace, too, was ex- amined from an anthropological perspective. Aristo- tle’s anthropological hermeneutic employed the triad of body-soul-spirit to understand human nature and exposed the notion of universal peace to mean caritas, unity, and justice. Relying on Aristotle’s triad and over- all hermeneutic, Augustine’s anthropological explo- ration of human nature is a metaphorical portrait of man in a constant struggle for harmony between soul and body, a harmony which could then be projected in society under governing nations. Guided by this initial examination of the Augustinian and Aristotelian her- meneutic, this essay explore De Monarchia in depth, so as to demonstrate Augustine’s impact and inspira- tion on Dante’s monarchical beliefs. The inquiry herein will specifically outline how Dante applied Augustine’s concept of peace to his current socio-political system, both among individuals and particular communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Great Christian Jurists in German History
    Great Christian Jurists in German History Edited by Mathias Schmoeckel and John Witte Jr. Great Christian Jurists in German History Edited by Mathias Schmoeckel and John Witte Jr. Mohr Siebeck Mathias Schmoeckel is professor of civil law and legal history and Director of the Institute of German and Rhenish Legal History. John Witte Jr. is Robert W. Woodruff University Professor of Law, McDonald Distin‑ guished Professor of Religion, and Director of the Center for the Study of Law and Reli‑ gion at Emory University in Atlanta. ISBN 978‑3‑16‑158346‑9 / eISBN 978‑978‑3‑16‑158347‑6 DOI 10.1628 / 978‑3‑16‑158347‑6 The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliogra‑ phie; detailed bibliographic data are available at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2020 Mohr Siebeck Tübingen, Germany. www.mohrsiebeck.com This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations and storage and processing in electronic systems. The book was typeset using Stempel Garamond typeface and printed on non‑aging paper by Laupp und Göbel in Gomaringen, and bound by Nädele in Nehren. Printed in Germany. Table of Contents Preface and Acknowledgements ................................... IX Chapter 1 Ken Pennington: Johannes Teutonicus (ca. 1170 / 75 – 1245) .............. 1 Chapter 2 Tilman Repgen: Eike von Repgow (ca. 1180 – 1235) and the Christian Character of his Sachsenspiegel .................................... 13 Chapter 3 Sven Lichtmann and Hannes Möhle: Albertus Magnus (ca. 1200 – 1280) Natural Law as Law of Reason and its Significance for the Political Order ..........................
    [Show full text]
  • World Order Visions Since Early Modern Europe
    WORLD ORDER VISIONS SINCE EARLY MODERN EUROPE John Howard Yoder, chapter eight in Chapters in the History of Religiously Rooted Non Violence: A Series of Working Papers ofthe Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies. I. THE PROCESSION OF PEACE PLANS 1300-1314: several pamphlets by Pierre du Bois, b. ca. 1255, adviser to the King of France: especially de recuperatione terrae sanctae, 1306, proposing a federation to be led by France, with the pope as titular head, ostensibly to regain the holy land, but by means of a European federation (SJH: l ff., ES: 1-8). ca. 1310, Dante Alighieri: de monarchia; vision of a restored Roman world empire. Not published until 1559 (Basel). Modern edition Boston 1904. (SJH:4-ll) 1324? Marsilius of Padua: Defensor Pacis proposes a World state established by representation from the several states ~ independent of papacy (SJH: l 2f). 1461 /64 Antoine Marini of Grenoble, prepared on behalf of George Podebrod King of Bohemia; coalition of European princes, in order to combat the Turks, relativizing the pre-eminence of the Emperor and of the King of France (SJH: 14-17). 1513 Wm of Ciervia and John Sylvagius of Burgundy, plan advocating a congress of Christian Kings; its breakdown provokes Erasmus' Complaint of Peace (SJH: 17f). 1514/ 17 Desiderius Erasmus querela pacis proposes tribunals of bishops and abbots to settle conflicts among princes: "One can hardly imagine an unfavorable peace which would not be preferable to the most favorable war." (SJH:l8-20) cf. Jose Chapiro: Erasmus and Our Struggle for Peace Beacon 1950 1518 Pope Leo X and Cardinal Wolsey: Treaty of Universal Peace; ratified by England and France, joined by Spain and Pope, open to other nations to join; directed against the Turks.
    [Show full text]