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Online Publication Date: 01 January 2006 To cite this Article: Iddeng, Jon W. (2006) 'Publica aut peri! The Releasing and Distribution of Roman Books', Symbolae Osloenses, 81:1, 58 - 84 To link to this article: DOI: 10.1080/00397670701494404 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00397670701494404

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Principate thorough aspects early with significant and fresh connected some Republic no aspect late discuss and the is to commercial in is listeners the there books article distributing these Since this and of limited. to releasing aim of still the literature subject, is the dispersing world on and study Roman the producing of of readers process the of asadteset fppr’ h one ln as n i le prote elder his and says, Pliny younger the the of paper’’, worthy something of produce sheets to us the for and is it ears readers; and listeners are ‘‘There eoeayrlaig oee,altxshv ofn hi ia omadgo and form final their find Pliny’s to process. have literary a texts in stages all various however, through releasing, any Before Process Literary The nie ove ol hr ieayiesaedsusdadweewrsin works where are to and process: We first sent discussed process. the are literary are letter ideas of Pliny’s this speeches) literary of turn where (including study the world a progress a by for view point aristocracy to starting Roman invited good the a and of century, environment literary the ata list e‘kontruhu h nieworld’’. entire the throughout ‘‘known be to claims Martial 58 DOI: 2006 81, Osloenses Symbolae P BIAATPERI AUT UBLICA D n rdr dtn n erdcn ok o omrilmarket. commercial and craftsmen a copying low-status for of private books consisting of reproducing industry’ ‘book consisted and a editing extent of traders large existence that and the a recognising for to Although argue ‘publishing’ literature Younger. I of the exchange, Roman question Pliny of the to distribution and Atticus recitations, republican from the the late books, of in of nature literature distribution the releasing and of addresses process Rome the imperial of early knowledge our of outline This 10.1080/00397670701494404 EPT oism lrbsrct,a iqi iicei ucaerm mno a tanto nam emendo; acerrime tunc credis pensito; intendo. mihi altero sollicitius quid aut quanto mox si rursus diligentius lego; uno ac tribus cum recito, dubito, aut pluribus si duobus novissime eorum, deinde notasque pertracto; adnotanda; ipse trado mecum aliis scripsi quae primum Ac . OF 7 A . 17 RCHAEOLOGY a tn sacereapeo h nta tgso h literary the of stages initial the of example clear a as stand may ! T U ,C J HE IEST OF NIVERSITY ON OF R NEVTO AND ONSERVATION OMAN R .I W. LAIGAND ELEASING DDENG B amici O OOKS SLO Epistulae o rtqeadcomment. and critique for H ISTORICAL D 1 ieu lms of glimpse a us give e u knowledge our Yet ISTRIBUTION S TUDIES , ´ ge ´ Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 uhro a ugsino vnrqetfo tes neapeo hscan this of example An others. from letter request Pliny’s even from the from or taken came be suggestion initiative a or was idea or the whether author associates, and patrons friends, with relevant and idea rt rf,o itt oasrb,adsn tt oeoycoefor close somebody to Catullus by it as send early and as scribe, mentioned is a as to critique, dictate and or comment confidential draft, in a recorded write period consular his poetry. have and to treatises attempt historical unsuccessful rather Cicero’s 3 biul ut omnaoghsfinsadascae,adPiyhimself were Pliny suggestion and associates, informal and of friends (e.g. types proposals his such These received among handle. common to quite Caninius obviously for topic ‘safe’ 5 4 hti atu n oiial aei eadt rtn oehn nthe on something writing to ( regard letter another in on In inferior safe emperor. the thus present to politically and the superior ladder, and of the social achievements from tactful the advice on is of lower form person what the a assumes clearly discussion was the Caninius his. of idea eepltl unddw (the down turned politely were aot oehn atclr si vdn ihHorace’s with write evident to author is an Vergil’s as to possibly request particular, proper more something a (about) forward bring also could associates, 2 the Pliny’s to from idea stages from 1 five through roughly went outline work can we literary below), a letters: (more stages book various released the of extent P . . . . . 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OOKS 2 and 59 , Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 g tsescertewitntx otne ob eta omr hntebasis the than more no as felt be Augustan to the continued ‘‘In performance still: text oral Yet written the core. the literary clear where the seems argues, as it text further Age written semi- he the age upheaval, by from Augustan challenged literary and maintains, was of Republic, Republican Quinn time late late a The forms, the performances. was in many staged performance to take of readings could way public believed, standard presentation commonly no by-product, oral was was was a that the there of way literature As the more times, in argues. was circulated he text Augustan and literary published until not The certainly performative. that, and claiming oral essentially production, literary of hr h uhrwssilal orvs rhl ia dto.I hsve,the view, this In recitation, edition. pre-release book. final forthcoming a a the halt correctly, or and revise more to or, able still recitatio party, was release author the modern where a to close hmwtotfrhrcmetfradsuso ftefnltosae n their and stages two final the of discussion a significance. for comment further without them efracso ieaywrsb professional by works literary of performances ednshv?Tetaiinlve a enta the that been has view traditional The have? readings we range antiquity Roman wide in a and forms, of many take know can literature of performance Oral Recitals and Readings ( sal,tecoe ic a eie yteato,bto oeocsosa occasions some on but author, the (Plin. by job recited the was did stand-in piece chosen the Usually, or in friends, described well other is this among All improved. ( circulated further letters and widely party Pliny’s dinner more a at slightly read perhaps be could progress) ln n con o w om neryipra ie:Frt h reading the First, times: imperial process follow early the in may in stage we earlier forms process, two literary the for ( of account part and as Pliny presentation oral the Regarding h omloa rsnaino oe ieaywr,adaoealpoetry. all above and work, literary novel a of the times presentation imperial clear-cut, oral in never normal that probably assume the was nevertheless them may between we line references, formal to but The a literary reading both. or a the for with associates From dealing used and are commonly it). friends we of of whether group clear parts minor all (or at a not work sometimes the is it of however, version final) not (if 60 Carm lectio napt-raigatce ent un ( Quinn Kenneth article, path-breaking a In hs nta tgscnenorsbetol lgty oee,adw leave we and however, slightly, only subject our concern stages initial These ofinsadflo uhr o ecinadcomment and reaction for authors fellow and friends to ) . 35 a efraiesaei h ieaypoespooigteauthor the promoting process literary the in stage performative a was .Atrsm eiin nipoe eso btsilawr in work a still (but version improved an revision, some After ). 1 . 2 ; 1 . 8 ; 2 Á . 5 ; rmteifra edn o inrget,t the to guests, dinner for reading informal the from Ep. 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Roman to century in first institution ascribed an the be into developed can that event what important that argued has edri rn falseigadec,adtu ieeiec oaperforming a times. a of to emphasis imperial evidence vocal give in and thus voice and even audience, of culture listening change a literary the of age by front silver explained extant in it of reader be features Furthermore, best ambiguous modern. can some from that poetry way argued different convincingly a been quite has in perceived was literature rcs fterpbi,h set htteewsagaulcag nteearly the of in way the change in gradual and literary audience a the literary was customary it: in there the reaching in stage that shift important asserts a involving he most Principate, republic, the the was of performance process the that maintains anb ot,Jvnlsdsotn sfmu ( famous is discontent Juvenal’s poets, wannabe red.Piy nhsfmu etro h pi eiain ( them recitations of April all the nearly on letter attending famous about his boasts in Pliny, friends. ie ecuddsisti sstrceagrto,bttewrsPrisue to uses Persius of words question the a ( but just exaggeration, were audience satiric it the large as If a this friends. describe of of dismiss front gathering could in small we place a size, taking not as Romans, them of depicts crowd but recitations, urban the mocks ovne htol red ihaseilivtto tedd esu ( Persius attended. invitation special a with friends only that convinced The ‘public’. labelled the the between relation the demand was increasing an texts? 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Ep 1 ontsgetacrl of circle a suggest not do ) Á . 14 4 ,adtedsrpinin description the and ), recitatio . 7 .O the Of ). net auditorio ingenti lectio recitatio 1 R . n h written the and 13 taladviews and all at OMAN ) most recitationes Á Á institution hr he where eseems he eeby were 1 B . 13 OOKS ,and ), Á 23 61 of ) Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 efracsadpitesdeclamations. pointless considered and the not stage performances merely final was longer or performance no nucleus public was literary the the audience capital, the the as of but establishment literary Principate, early the in developed inadtepbi icus,adhnepae nipratsca and social important an played hence and discourse, public role. political the and tion a hrce foe os.Fmu sPiysrmr ( the that remark attending is up indisputable Pliny’s ended is and What is cause Nonianus. the Famous of recitatio into house. a enquired have shouting, open to great even heard of seems Claudius it character sometimes a and invited, had usually was establishment literary recitatio vdn rmtelteso ln n h pgaso Martial. of epigrams the and a stage Pliny to to of man friends letters influential the few and wealthy from had a evident family from one influential support that less seek recitatio to. to conclusion a opportunity had from the the and had poet invites or invite, wished upstart which one an as purpose, widely Obviously, his as announced fit or invited to simply enough big group smnfse ntewrso ln n ata.AanadaanPiyclsfor calls Pliny again his and of Again books Martial. the and of Pliny release of the works the in manifested to as known was work people literary way of a lot if even a But quite antiquity. throughout process literary arnhdgtee e lpes u o eetadec ( audience decent a not but clappers, few a gathered had patron lot ots htol ls red eeivtd hncmn otedyof day the to coming When invited. were friends close only the that contest to also satire nbd sape rtk rtcs rmayoywode o ees i own his release not does who anybody regard from not criticism will he take poems. that or clear poet perfectly a it as makes anybody and same the underscores Martial own.’’ where my criticism being and through succeed notice to anxiety my my escaped by have stimulus faults a any both gain to hoping eissso on vrte gi n osntcnie h eieyo the of delivery the consider not ( does revised, and speeches again his be them editing over and says may going rewriting Pliny on to it released. insists went He is effort however, it and text, time before available eulogising recited, written or and a political literary, ( judicial, more as its made serve delivered; 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War Zeitenwende: die um Buchwesen misches LAIGAND ELEASING ¨ ( lgiantiken i rlag 1907 ( 1882 ¨ orationes , de matnRom alten im ndler ) 1921 17 a o ogtesadr oki this in work standard the long for was ( 2 1932 , D 1962 40 SRBTO OF ISTRIBUTION eeee eiee,nrddthey did nor delivered, ever were ( , 1962 1952 ( 3 er.Drmn sprimarily is Dortmund years. n rdrcKenyon’s Frederic and ) 2001 ), 2 .Tomngah,Louis monographs, Two ). 18 stefrtmonograph first the is ) ocnrt ntevery the on concentrate a nieBcwsnin Buchwesen antike Das ( 1884 R 19 n To and ) OMAN 16 Nonetheless, a Buch Das B 20 OOKS ¨ Books nnes For 63 Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 ipnaee digerere et dispensare edt sals oecoeyi h usac,sgiiac n xeto this of extent and we significance What substance, it. the for is expressions closely of process. more variety a establish even to and need literature releasing of process mligapbihn nutyadpitn fie,Iuse I word offices, the printing term. of or non-technical and connotations Further publisher more industry the modern edition. of publishing the us a Given tells authorised material implying times. source an Roman times the We what in text, involved. Roman at publishing editor closely a anything, in more if look of more, publishing to what have that on version be agree therefore final view will to ‘primitivist’ discussion a a seem be called making may scholars be he involved can claim, All what this publishing. with make someone to on first of the representative of as of one taken system As any distribution. involved and publishing/editing that duplication disclaims but agrees, he available, ont aigsmtig()ofca ‘iihd n aiet n (b) and manifest) and (‘finished’ to official said distribution). be for (a) can (accessible then something available which known, making publicly are connote something texts making these means in literally used commonly most h ups fteeio a iie opofraigadmkn proper a making author. the and for proof-reading copies to view, of request limited this number on In was and, draft. editor edition, stage final the manuscript last a of the making involved purpose manuscript, merely the their antiquity completed in editing authors or where publishing that holds and divulgare are fMriladPiya h uno h is etr,teeaenumerous are there century, first editing. the and publishing of as turn considered been the has at what to Pliny references and Martial of iia otercneprr.Fo h aerpbia ie fCcr n his and Cicero of times republican Atticus late with the correspondence From contemporary. their to similar ie sTtsPmoisAtcs ih itnuse n nleta Roman influential Roman and in distinguished meet rich, we a ‘publisher’ Atticus, renowned Pomponius most Titus the is also times probably and Work first Cicero’s The of Releasing the and Atticus raa.Atog escer tcnb adt ar rtymc h same the and much pretty surrendering/releasing carry on to emphasis said be more can with spreading. it clear, perhaps less connotations, Although away. or proferre Silv 64 .A a rnne ( Groningen van A. 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(Plin. siw Publicare nt h times the to on dimittere 21 saslightly a as (lat: Ep h verbs The Á publish . editio small a 8 (Stat. quite . 3 . 2 ), ), , Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 tf osse f‘‘fu of consisted staff o esn h ol edadwie eaprnl eevdi o literary for it reserved apparently he write, vocabulary. and own read his in could scholars that who states Nepos persons Although for publisher. a by than ilcamtdyta tiu a is n oeotapoesoa ulse or publisher professional a foremost few and decades, first recent in was trader. faded Atticus book has that School and far-reaching today Finley obliterated, claim the and soon will of manufactions was influence the industry’ specialised though ‘publishing even industries, ancient of The to trade. joined ideas many commercial all economy, ancient down primitive the tune on outline momentous Finley’s i household his ol lonral ecnetdwt ok n ieaue(lhuh here, been (although, have literature would terms and non-technical, books notarii neutral, and More with stenography, ‘book-dealers’). connected not for be clearly readers normally possibly also or would proof-readers as understood npoet n akn,adta h rdcino ieaybospae no played books literary a of merely was production it the business; that his in and part banking, and property in iwwsln rviigas hndsusn tiu,h a enue sa as used been has publisher. he Atticus, a ‘modernist’ discussing of traditional when the example also As prevailing crown discussion. long further was the view for interest of comments relationship eques dctdsafo xetraes n ra ubro cie/oyss( scribes/copyists librarii letters. of plurimi number esset et great highly quisquam a optimi footmen) and the anagnostae readers, to litteratissimi, expert (down of Atticus’s staff describes educated Nepos Cornelius However, a aeti sa niaino iia omrilitrs nteediting the various in to Cicero interest spurred Atticus commercial that minimal know We of then? stake indication at an was what as process, this take can onigotta hr a iteeiec fAtcsbigivle in involved being privatim Atticus nur Werke of ‘‘Ciceros evidence sind’’. that little worden concluding was weitergegeben and there publishing, that commercial out pointing detv,w utasm h esn owo ti ple r seilywell ‘‘fu especially are trained applied scribes is not it such whom literature, to in persons the educated assume must we adjective, rNpsidctsta tiu a nae in was Cicero in engaged author staff anything was the if large Atticus little handful a that hand, the other such indicates exceed the Nepos as far On or bookshelves. that could own made however, his copies for likely, as wanted of indications seems further number It no the have large. engaged, we how but manufacture, exactly book to of sort some and texts P BIAATPERI AUT UBLICA nhsborpyo tiu,Oa elizmitista eoeae largely operated he that maintains Perlwitz Olaf Atticus, of biography his In uhhsbe rte bu i eesn fCcr’ ok n ntheir on and works Cicero’s of releasing his about written been has Much . ur litteratissimi pueri 28 or ti a rmovosta such that obvious from far is It scribae 26 Á . 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R r ehp best perhaps are OMAN B 31 librarii OOKS fwe If pueri 65 27 Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 ees rnt u tseseietta ieoa h uhrhdt prv the ‘authorised’. approve to or had author ‘official’ the it as Cicero make that evident to seems releasing it but not, or release eea etr hwta ehad he that show letters several re-paigworld Greek-speaking toesaeCcr paetyhdtemast ees i w texts, own his release to least means At the edition. final had the apparently make Cicero theory in stage could one anyone at books, favours? release such or of edit need to in indeed Cicero Was Cicero? to exclusively opofra n aeafwcpe fhswiig.Atcsms aeprovided have must notes: Atticus Perlwitz writings. what? his own but of his copies more, of few slaves something a educated make enough and keep could proof-read doubtless to Cicero that is point The out was pointed Atticus work been whose has Cicero it by named but release. author work, other to Cicero’s only of the was some Hirtius released that he that and works ees.Crantxs ieoepesysy,aentt erlae o h time their the of for released time be the to at all. not at are Italy not says, from or expressly being have seems absent Cicero however, this texts, were texts, and Certain addressees all release, release. Not some official present. its and are marked addressees, dedicatees dedicatee where its decorum by reasonable book a of reception ieoisse nsbitn rsnaincp oadese and addressees to copy presentation correcting dialogues. a his and distribution. submitting in for proof-reading included copies on several on, contemporaries and insisted edition commenting final Cicero a least making before at manuscripts, involved process n itiuigi oteipratmno etr n oiis ti fless of is market. It commercial politics. a for and copies letters made of also men he not important manuscript or a the whether of of to outline edition importance the authenticated it or an idea distributing make an helping and of to birth be the arguments could from and process, Atticus topoi discuss literary favours. could whole exchange Cicero the and in whom matters for involved with man political nose a a and a words being financial Besides other had personal, literature. in obviously add, was may He he I friend, Empire. and, childhood Roman conduct, political the and in affairs property financial places and business several with in wealthy, and interests educated well exceptionally himself was oe lbr a ewogi aigAtcstefrt‘‘fo first the Atticus naming Rome. in wrong in be may Kleberg Rome. 66 tiu a ag ewr ffinsadascae nRm,Iayadthe and Italy Rome, in associates and friends of network large a had Atticus ic hr a one o xesv ahnr n ocriiainneeded certification no and machinery expensive for need no was there Since h itiuino literary of distribution The Sa ieo ee e eaee ishnvemh u das auf vielmehr Hinsehen genauerem bei gehen Ciceros ieodrhdeWdugoe utlugsie crfe einflußreichen Schriften seiner Zustellung oder Widmung die Perso durch Cicero ¨ tih imshne e tiu nFae e Vero der Fragen in Atticus des Einmischungen mtliche 36 ¨ 32 lckie anzuna nlichkeiten eetees sh vdnl i dtsm fCcr’ ok,that works, Cicero’s of some edit did evidently he as Nevertheless, i tiu ephis keep Atticus Did 38 tesh ed o tiu odcd hte ewnsto wants he whether decide to Atticus for sends he Others Á motn otcspltclya ela utrly He culturally. as well as politically contacts important ¨ enoe h i isnauszuso diesen mit ihn oder hern J volumina librarii ON pueri .I W. n o i oyn oeo i own. his on done copying his got and utt a evc ohsfins even friends, his to service pay to just DDENG a odutlmtdi republican in limited doubt no was 37 39 thsbe ugse htthe that suggested been has It ntornwe occasions, renowned two On ¨ politische hnen. ¨ fnlcugvnWerken von ffentlichung ¨ 35 rlagsbokhandlare’’ etee zuru Bestreben 33 and ¨ ck, 34 Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 vrtigCcr rt,adi a rbbymtwt oiia n literary and political with to met side political probably most a the was as of well it one as as and anticipation. artistic well an wrote, edition; as was Cicero scene There an political everything time. the his on of of actors authors famous illustrious distribution that. most for, the the wishes of particular one on or of, Atticus control no instructs has he never seemingly, he consulate, hcltnBailey Shackleton hte hypi i akwt oe rfvusi fltl motne And of importance. system little the of within is it favours and of or editions, think and money we texts with about if back inquired him have paid must they many whether central, literary a of sort a tc fsm ftewrsh eesd etil,h rvddmn books many provided Atticus he collection. certainly, that book released; expensive unlikely he an not works including the therefore Cicero, of a for is some that It of something time, stock arrange. a a could at had staff text same Atticus’s the with of copies man several make to efficient more eeecst eesn n eesr a efudi te et,adafew a and texts, other in found be few can a releasers Solely Atticus. and and Cicero releasing beyond to republic late references the in circulation text and hs oisn ogri i stock. his in longer no copies those ieoak tiu omk orcin nalcpe fa dtdtext edited an of copies all in corrections make to Atticus asks Cicero hr a odfeec ntecpigpoesisl,tevr ie sno us gives verb the itself, element. process commercial a copying was there the not or in whether difference of the indication for no employed word was was The there texts works. prose literary and copying poetry of latest process the of some of copies hsi o talsrrsn;sil h ubro et ncruaincudbe could circulation in texts of number the still, deeds reciprocal surprising; random. and if all patronage even this of at large, in world not a circulated In is was texts texts. copying this acquiring of private of correspondence, sorts way Cicero’s All normal from seen the powerful. be and readily can rich As world. extremely the of world od n evcsi r-aiaitcsociety. pre-capitalistic a in services and goods officium hyspst sithmadiqiea i red h aosbibliophile famous freedman/slave the friend, his his instructs at Cicero the response. inquire moderate of Hence and only quality about with him poor apparently sale. however, Tyrannio, the assist for of complains, to and available He Chryssipus texts Greek texts bought. certain in were Latin of literature hold obtain and books getting his to friends for Latin difficulties best with library presumably how and a exchanged, of build were idea associates, to books rough tried Greek a Cicero Rome. us Asia, Republican gives in He absent Quintus. was brother he when and Cicero P BIAATPERI AUT UBLICA ieomngdt obn ttsasi,dmgg n ieaysyet be to style literary and demagogy statesmanship, combine to managed Cicero In 54 n possibly and C,a iebfr tiu paetysatdrlaigtxsfor texts releasing started apparently Atticus before time a at BCE, 41 Freundschaftsdienst eetees h ol fAtcsadCcr eandthe remained Cicero and Atticus of world the Nevertheless, 21 ! T )o iedsesli reefrCcr’ eoro his of memoir Cicero’s for Greece in dispersal wide a of ]) 42 HE munus amicitia sasrosrlae,Atcswsal opoiequality provide to able was Atticus releaser, serious a As R LAIGAND ELEASING hswso oreanra a fdistributing of way normal a course of was This . and na nin otx,w ol aet place to have would we context, ancient an in 40 describere oee,byn h eus ( request the beyond However, clientela D SRBTO OF ISTRIBUTION n rnlt twith it translate and , mr rarely (more 44 45 ie i oiina some as position his Given eko eso releasing of less know We transcribere 43 R twsobviously was It OMAN Att beneficium Á ,adas and ), . B vnin even 2 OOKS . 1 [  67 , Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 rpo (Quint. Tryphon n rse ieb eesn:‘Wa o aentrlae a edestroyed, be can released recalled.’’ not be that have cannot underlines you out let Horace ‘‘What you stage. releasing: voice decisive by the a line of a more crosses much one as described is releasing rc tteSsis n hti h n ocostesaadgetypoogthe prolong greatly and sea the cross to its one worth the book author.’’ is a the that of is and life seemingly ‘‘That Sosii’s, Sosii, the ‘abroad’: the at distribution of price glimpse with a booksellers about gives and something in he warning learn releasers books; a we of as work circulation perhaps Horace’s ‘world-wide’ also From the but climate. critique, political unfavourable deteriorated of a event the in advice of aeaddseso fltrtr odsaaepae rudteepr emto world seem distribution. empire to literary the of claims around channels places repeated commercial disparate but some to literature imply nothing, of practically dispersion and know fame we times, Augustan rmti cn vdne lbr lis ‘e ro ‘‘Der claims: verbreitet.’’ Erzeugnisse Imperium seine Kleberg ganzen Unternehmen, im weltumspannenden wurden evidence, einem zu scant sich (Sen. entwickelte Dorus this releasing; 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T Epigrammata 9 3 HE . . 11 5 hr ln it l i uncle’s his all lists Pliny where , ,SewnWietksi ht‘tedsrbto fhis of distribution ‘‘the that it takes Sherwin-White ), R LAIGAND ELEASING n the and 55 bibliopolae hte hs ok etfo Pliny’s from sent books these Whether D Epistulae SRBTO OF ISTRIBUTION xsilentio ex ’’. 52 53 rmti,adfo the from and this, From eadn h rcs of process the regarding hsmyb upn to jumping be may This opera u ihu further without but , R 56 tterqetof request the at 54 OMAN gi,w are we Again, ti hsnot thus is It B OOKS 5 con- . 10 69 ut ) Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 ntebosta eerlae nteend. the in released were that books the in ttmnssgetn rqetcruaino iglrpeso small or circulated poems epigrams the singular that idea of the unreleased circulation outlined small in White frequent Peter Hence a collections. suggesting statements u ubro i te ir eerlae ncneto ihteSaturnalian the with connection in released Rome. were in libri other festival his of number a but a rudta o nyMrilsStrainbos( books Saturnalian Martial’s only not that argued has rtefe rvt ntaie u ne htcniin eete eesdand released the they before were widely conditions them circulate what to under perhaps entirely But they left initiative. also did private was distribution free the the and or editions, final his releasing for ( tg n ugs oehn oeta utta oen tacranstage certain a at someone hand. that at just was final Martial’s whatever than this liber. released more of a and importance something of collected the form suggest underline the releasing and in and stage releasing editing epigrams Martial’s to the not references to may, or many it prior whether been as importance pamphlets that had minor Be in likely of release. circulated be Saturnalian most to the occasional) to presently prior seems the other it least the or (at way poems one delivered some that in hypothesis, n od httecru adddw ou sfo olcin fseveral of collections from is us the to for down case handed mind, a in corpus edition makes the final book-roll who the that with Fowler, holds selected P. carefully and Don and composed by being thoroughly epigrams more and Citroni, ecito frlaighswr.H fe ak bu h ok hth has he that books the about talks often He work. released, his releasing of description wt hpa Argiletum. at poetry. juvenile shop a (with hr ok eesl nArgiletum. in sold were books where 10 oen h oisadslstxs l rnw oto h eeecsto references to the only of due probably just Most is or new. this releaser) but status. or social a writing, in old early (as rise his texts, Martial’s bybliopola to a sells connected with are and bybliopolae dealing copies are who we someone whether know not do eygo uiesfrabbipl eaetl in told are we bybliopola a for business good very 11 oidpiaey ata lasser hs neetdi i ok btnot (but books his books in of are interested exchange others) those the or steers (his despite always books that, where Martial noting situation privately. worth a copied is describes It never it. 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(sic book, debts his his is from pay joke and much the slaves possibly earn his or feed not master; the to their will with business compensate he as associated as well never as that them is Lupus’s feed uses Lupus Martial to that having of but is type point charge, the other Perhaps What to unclear. epigrams. what other in and bybliopolae costs for nose ittosnm,afgr htapassvrltmsi h pgasadfour and epigrams the in times several appears a just book that probably in figure is times a Lupus presumably a manuscript. payment; a name, of for sort fictitious pay-per-verse, some than for rather due price, was demands fixed Martial Lupus that ‘‘But indicate book, ( may rations’’ his This their for slaves more the pay and not interest will reader the since continue, an i ( him irre (e.g. libraries i it tl ra niaino h a nwihboscruae nless in circulated books which of in matter a way just the is it of whether indication this, own of an his circles. make or of aristocratic can) style (and one to to lend collections witty are private to his we other offers what or say never libraries to he to hard bookseller; them the direct or to copies, copy) free a granted ewn nt li htcmae opeetn ayo hmto them of many presenting to compared that claim to Caesar on the went of he releasing the that confirms Statius ees i ao oko rtr,ta w ok fteato rtr were oratory composed not of and art edited the being of ( without books purpose name, two that his that for in oratory, circulated on being work already major his release cnwegsapolmo lgaimadatsi hf ( theft artistic and plagiarism of problem a acknowledges nedrdb ulcrqetadproa rvn.Armr nthe in remark A of book craving. second personal the presumably in and release, Melior their request to expeditious with letter their public on introductory and went by lost he be Nonetheless, written. engendered would were evident. sentiment they too honour original whose making their in that those and by of continues, fears possession one he Statius occasion, the appeared appropriate in previously an already on now have offered were that been had poems poems occasional The one. of collection a release his htSaislf tt eirt aecr fterlaigi h olcinpleased collection the if releasing the of care take to Melior him. to it left Statius that 1 P . 63 BIAATPERI AUT UBLICA ata list era ol-ieadse i ok npbi n private and public in books his sees and world-wide read be to claims Martial ahrsrnecs per nMartial in appears case strange rather A opeo eak rmSaissol lob etoe.Saisbegins Statius mentioned. be also should Statius from remarks of couple A dhoc ad Silvae ; 64 1 7 . eesn a ohn ( nothing was releasing , 66 . 12 nhsitoutr etrt ioisMrelsi h orhbook, fourth the in Marcellus Vitorius to letter introductory his In ; ; a otn onteciiim ydmnsigtevleo releasing, of value the diminishing by criticism, the down tune to way iha nrdcoylte oSel,i hc esosrlcac to reluctance shows he which in Stella, to letter introductory an with 1 7 . . 72 72 11 ; ; 5 2 twudmk es otk i ob ylooawt sure a with bybliopola a be to him take to sense make would It . . 10 5 . ; 6 eu dt enqei o comparati hoc in neque me a editi neque . ! ; 3 7 , T 2 . 17 . 10 HE 20 ,bta oga hr een oyihsh also he copyrights no were there as long as but ), . 5 ; .Qitla ds soeo h esn ewne to wanted he reasons the of one as adds, Quintilian ). 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R ; em oimply to seems 62 OMAN describere 1 1 . .pr. 38 ; 7 1 ). . dominus 52 B OOKS ; .Itis 1 . 53 71 ). ; Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 anya cpit,smtmsbosle,teGreek releaser/bookseller. of the type bookseller, this for sometimes adapted ‘copyist’, as mainly niura n pca dtos s tetdy hr rs acnto for fascination to a references in arose few dealt there a manuscripts. that attestedly, autograph some quite and as, including have texts period, editions, antiquarian We our special book in material. and Rome Roman source antiquarian in ancient scant librarii and with in bybliopolae left element are commercial we and a money, the of for it speak industry? in an were can distribution. bybliopolae plebeians. became the we and gradually that freedmen literature is clearly anyway for releasing clear profession that seems a suggest What or also livelihood this a Does clearly but pastime, ealddsrpin fterwr n urudnsadwyte are they why more lack and we surroundings why and elite, Roman work contempt. the their with of described of works sometimes literary descriptions in detailed figure rarely they eesn n eln ihltrtr a olonger no was literature with dealing and releasing oprdt n ercie rmGyu.Hsepne o rn new brand a for expenses to up His ‘ add Grypus. 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ON 9 eai( denari oe bu h ot fhsbo gift book his of worth the about jokes ) 10 .I W. etre ( sesterces 67 Whereas  DDENG 68 20 ttevr es hssget that suggests this least very the At 69 etre)b tets( Atrectus by sesterces) 1 . 66 tl,teue-oktaewas trade used-book the Still, librarius ,weesabo tecodex (the book a whereas ), Á 10 fever if bybliopola se,weesteused the whereas asses, otne ob used be to continues 66 1 htepan why explains That s nabookstore. a in ass Á gentleman’s a em obe to seems 1 . 117 Xenia .His ). , Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 usqettaigddtk lc,adw hl drs rel htthis what briefly text address on shall impact we and an and releasing made place, Commercial clearly take institution. it entailed. did literary not, trading Roman or subsequent the marginal and distribution fairly was a antiquity clearly codices, parchment selling imported. was possibly who Petaus and (P. no bookseller rarity papyrus when travelling bookseller another a was the In about to copying text. turned told wanted private one the where whereas provide picture text, could a a friends acquiring us sold of even gives way (who usual letter the Demetrius whole named The book-dealer texts). a scholarly about learn we century second o afala,tepouto oto oihdbo a qiaett ir of litre a to ( equivalent book was normal book a polished buy a of to cost whereas production wine, the loaf, a half for qa h ucaeof purchase the equal nwet ieadoil. and wine wheat, on h okpie r hscranyntaamnl ih ocmae h prices the compare: To high. alarmingly not certainly were thus are prices book The rvt oyn,ti so esitrs ou n o tetd nohrinstances, other In attested. for not replacement and mere us a potential) to As commercial interest sort. no less some of of of or is salary released this a be copying, assume, for private to number must yet certain we (not a could, texts in themselves copied get hand to at them levels. copyists to several have turn on not bybliopolae did commercial who with Writers involved Rome been Imperial have in may Manufacturing Authors Book Commercial of Implications Further r on nabosoei yn( books Lyon his that in Pliny bookstore by a joy a of only in many remark are the found ordered there have are Rome legionary We booksellers. outside average clothes. to Moreover, the references and retailers. few that from accommodation likely books for seem released withdrawn freshly of not paid was equivalent even does much not the it but were cost Accordingly, cash, wages would ready The Rome costs. in in transportation out bookstore excluding a wages, not days’ distant in two were book-roll in Domitian regular Rome soldiers after a salaries from by ancient army that salary read the in legionaries’ with be books the compare to we raised of claims if However, prices Martial districts. the today. border than correct, higher are relatively figures these if codn oHr,woge nt ugs hti u eida Italian an period our in that suggest to on goes who of household Harl, to according rniim( Brundisium enbogtforward. brought been P BIAATPERI AUT UBLICA hte n hoe obleeta h oktaebsns nteRoman the in business trade book the that believe to chooses one Whether 2 se o ag ra and bread large a for asses 4 NA ol use would 9 ! . 4 T . 15 HE 2 71 Á Á 70 5 rma xrycu ayu etr( letter papyrus Oxyrhynchus an From 20 R .Bsds w ayicnenn okdaeshave book-dealers concerning papyri two Besides, ). 200 codnl,a noua sdbo ol ehad be could book used unpopular an Accordingly, LAIGAND ELEASING rasor breads eai nuly(or annually denarii 5 se e etru ftbewn ntecapital, the in wine table of sextarius per asses 9 9 to liber . 2 11 . 5 12 n elu’ co frr ok in books rare of scoop Gellius’s and ) Á fafmu uhri tr would store a in author famous a of ) 4 ue ( aurei D irso al ie nohrwords, other In wine. table of litres SRBTO OF ISTRIBUTION  2 1 , to 200 2 . 5 etre) ecnsee can we sesterces), se a e head) per day a asses R 2192 OMAN rmthe from ) 30 eare we ) B OOKS 73 Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 nin oa uhrotie ‘iegwseAeknugdsgeistigen Verlagsrecht’’. des oder century Autor- a Anerkennung than besonderes more ‘‘ein gewisse An established not copyrights. Dziatzko ‘‘eine ago, ideellen’’, of eines lack obtained nur the aber by author Eigenthums, affected Roman especially ( was ancient demand author large an a and was bybliopola there that Quintilian efflagitantur assured opere and work the of release hssest eaotsliga nulse aucitwt the own. with his as manuscript it unpublished stages an and selling about be Eigentum to seems This ok hc a ensprse,adrlae hmi h uhrsname’’ author’s the in them released auctoris and these bought suppressed, he been says ( ‘‘Orbilius had for away, which put be books to only apparently somebody, to cn vdneo ht oehsrltsta ehdbsoe oiso his of copies campaign, the bestowed ( in many part had taken sell had did he who he Romans that that some also its on relates but war Jewish Josephus and the that. of history distribution of evidence book releaser/bookseller. scant Roman the and of author the characteristics for aspect important commercial some out httebbipl a eetdyrqetd( requested repeatedly had the greeting bybliopola of Quintilian’s the beginning in that demonstrated the and well at work is Tryphon literary This to a so. releasing do to in authors interests encouraged commercial have would bybliopola the a ocdt elhis sell to forced was Gramm ( virgin his sell to had aigrlvn nomto ahrdi oit ihlmtdacs to access limited with of society value a the about in something studies. case, scientific gathered and any information encyclopaedias in us, as relevant them tells wanted having story he probably The them; material. release to source intended bidder the that indication hsi o elatse ihr aejs oears he occasions three across come just have I either. attested author: the by well trade manuscript not concerning is themselves Roman authors pursuit. this the arduous that of releasing and Pliny reflection and illiberal editing to a an trade; be as in clearly may involved was well get This books to as release. openly him its unwillingness class’s after to to upper them work alien wants their he seems if sell bookseller It should the it. to points for always course), pay of free (for books his h le hth a offered was he that Elder the eetdmtra ( material selected Ap 74 uslbo riissprso eeis edctvladsu uas nomine curasse vulgandosque dicit se redemisse suppressos Orbilius libros quos is,a uhrcudrlaeadsl oiso i w ok u ehave we but work, own his of copies sell and release could author an First, eod nato ol elhsmnsrp neesd o l t ot,but worth, its all for unreleased, manuscript his sell could author an Second, . 51 .Mril nteohrhn,tog ayaprnl euse oisof copies requested apparently many though hand, other the on Martial, ). .W r eln ihamnrtets fsm ot ehp nafew a in perhaps sort, some of treatise minor a with dealing are We ). . 8 Á fM oplu nrncswo iiga eie grammaticus, retired a as living who, Andronicus Pompilius M. of ) rsmbyteie sta h or aort n co usaplay a buys actor and favourite court the that is idea the presumably o t h omrilsd fterltosi ewe a between relationship the of side commercial The it. for ) lcou commentarii electorum psuu naimEnielenchorum Ennii annalium opusculum intacta 3 utnu el nee oeitiun tr ( story intriguing more even an tells Suetonius ) ) p J Agave ON o 400 ll .I W. , o 000 ntttoOratoria Institutio ˜ i 2 oPrst u odo i al ( table his on food put to Paris to wdo nsatire In ) DDENG ;a fe erfsd hr sno is There refused. he offer an ); ` etre o i etntboson notebooks neat his for sesterces tv 1 ln ( Pliny ) ˜ nh flgtsictdaoconvicio cotidiano efflagitasti 7 9moto uea lista Statius that claims Juvenal , Ep 72 v o /rvn rmti ecnpoint can we this From hr ti aeclear made is it where , . 3 . 5 . 17 for 0pi aso i uncle his of says ) /prask 16 , 000 j sesterces geistiges n ; 7 tanto the ) Con. . 87 de ). Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 eue,ee osberwr o adn vramnsrp oareleaser/ a to been manuscript has a this over handing but for documentation. erhielt’’, reward lacks Gewinn possible bookseller vom a even Procente refuted, ‘‘gewisse author ancient itiue ftesec aetn i edson. dead his lamenting Lepidus speech Catius the to letter of Pliny’s distributed from passage well-known ( the is edition) a (first and having demand. favours private This on copies. as supplement of and lot hand, a made, avoid with other copies to stuck had the be few only to On not not releaser simply stock). the but help place, overpricing considerable or took literary copying a fill a commercial of quickly other had copies possibly could fresh they they dispatching Granted by (if ‘retailers’, Italy. empire of work outside the network around sale a demands and example local had create clear distribution releasers only of few the network a as about that dubious, a is is with (above) market of Horace bybliopolae export number by of the given of considerable information make a scant we the Whatever having away. favours right made dictation, copies by simultaneously made eidcl,Isol hn.Fo ieo( Cicero benefit From economic think. any should royalties to entitled I and as not either. periodicals, was work such of he record but sale, own certain gained, of it his no fame have for the we claim material but could name, raw own as his in it it use release perhaps could manuscript unreleased ( master’’ aecudhpe fa neesdmnsrp a oeata,a ecie in described as astray, gone had his manuscript unreleased lost Martial an author if happen the could sold, same to gesture were noble manuscripts a as unreleased this did Orbilius that us the tells name Andronicus’s in released suppressi libri fte‘is dto’adtenvlyvlet estsidb aigacp ready copy a having by satisfied mark be a to in value two offered novelty on be hand. the rely could at and to as edition’ had texts ‘first He quality the others. for of by demand sold) the even advantages: (and possible copied being work the against sale from subsequent financially a ( benefit or notice’’ not doesn’t work did author literary the a literature, releasing selling from profit could n itiue,weesmr eetshlr mhss h atta ln finds Pliny that made fact copies the of emphasise number scholars average recent an more of whereas indication distributed, an and as number this used Kleberg P 4 BIAATPERI AUT UBLICA . 7 notntl,orol oret h ubro oismd tti stage this at made copies of number the to source only our Unfortunately, hr,i nato eie orlaehswr n eti oabbipl he bybliopola a to it left and work his release to decided author an if Third, orh ic h eesrhdn oyih ihr ehdn protection no had he either, copyright no had releaser the since Fourth, .Hr ln id tecsieta euu a huadcpe aeand made copies thousand a had Regulus that excessive it finds Pliny Here ). auctor hc a o ogtoto omrilpopcs h hywere they Why prospects. commercial of out bought not was which , 74 1 . ewl ee nw u h mhsso h atta hywere they that fact the on emphasis the but know, never will we 66 h a odtemnsrp knadal n a sueta if that assume may One all. and skin manuscript the sold had who , uaedmnmnnpts ie notus liber potest non dominum mutare hs n h osbe(u iptd anb aigmlil copies multiple having by gain disputed) (but possible the and This, hr esapypt t‘awl-nw okcno hneits change cannot book well-known ‘‘a it puts sharply he where , ectscuu sameus ista sacculus nescit ! 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Á 13 sMrilhsi:‘m wallet ‘‘my it: has Martial as . 12 . 2 75 .Teprhsro an of purchaser The ). ,Br rpsdta the that proposed Birt ), esie Eigentum geistiges coaslk itand Birt like Scholars R OMAN B OOKS The . 75 Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 oso i iapoa ftewyRgls(o talhsbs red hwdhis showed friend) best wants his Pliny all that at fact (not the Regulus way is the grief. it of from disapproval learn his can show to we thing only The interpretations. et hmevs hs h a h en oke ieaesae ol ev the leave would slaves literate keep them. to to means the job had who those themselves; texts ihAtcsadPiyswt i red,addutestesm ol happen could same a the level. doubtless of social and that lower friends, from correspondence a his it Cicero’s commonly at with by have Pliny’s more level and could aristocratic or works Atticus the text, at available, with complete illustrated certain if well if a is library, even This wanted friend. public days, who places. a school Literati, from all their there. was copied to in This copied not literature. taught were acquiring and been of seldom way authors had usual all Romans the be what not to certainly continued copying Empire; Private Roman the around h ubroto rprinadtu ru uhsalrnme fcopies of number smaller much a argue thus issued. and normally proportion of out number the h ra lt n h aia a lal h xso ai ieaue even literature, Latin of axis the empire. clearly the over was all to capital place important took the most pursuits was literary and literature though as elite Rome, of urban city the the on focused has article This Remarks Concluding ol lob nrse omk h okacsil oa ayraesas readers many ( others. as than prefers important Persius to more as faultlessly accessible ( were ones, work haste readers ‘right’ public in some the the Rome, works least make the who at to copyist or reach entrusted possible, the be to books Quintilian also due his would being copies. books uncorrupted sure his in and make smooth in to interested ( in clearly of Tryphon distributed was network author a reminds text An and editing these. his Quality among seeing reasons. been other have for must chosen distribution was he the antiquity. author, ordered in the nothing us he releasing tells literary Pliny, remark of Pliny’s to quantity that according normal clear the most is that, and of It and wealthiest himself. the distribution day, do. of and often his one copying texts was of ancient Regulus senators as that ‘countless’ no underlined influential or be lot’ cannot and must big We it ‘a hand, using Finally, alone. means by remark simply Regulus’ this Pliny, made, from from whether number knowing sure was of be way it even a no was is because it There Because standards? 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R OMAN i hr were there (if eviris De B OOKS 77 Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 10 15 12 11 13 il a.Te twl ec t uinei aiu as ybigcopied being by ways, various in audience its reach will it Then ( tag. title a eie n oihdadnwsesmr hnrayt erlae.B speaking By been released. has the be to see it ready to on; than wish commented more a seems of possibly now and and polished critically, and read revised have friends his which itiuini oa times. Roman in distribution Notes 14 78 8 9 4 7 3 2 6 5 1 describi aks( Markus . Plin. . ..Plin. E.g. . ln righsfriends: his urging Pliny . e tr ( Starr See . un ( Quinn . uot( Dupont . Sen. . . e,freape ht ( White example, for See, . ln bu ednsadreciting: and readings about Pliny . . nthe On . un ( Quinn . ilas( Williams . eew r nomdta h uhrhswitnaltrr oko oesort some of work literary a written has author the that informed are we Here hcltnBie Ccr,Mril,a ie ihmnrcags h et utda any at quoted texts sources. The same R. changes. the D. from minor and are (Pliny) with Radice Martial) Betty times Cicero, of at (Pliny, editions Loeb Martial), length the (Cicero, from taken Bailey are or Shackleton own my either are article elaboremus. uconacmis iefut otrttsabierunt posteritatis fructu sine ipso cum omnia nunc 9 7 1 uutssside’’. 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Ep . . 76 b). 17 12 . ; ; ; Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 31 30 29 27 26 25 28 23 22 24 20 21 19 18 17 16 P hlis( Phillips . emntranslation, German A . Cicero . ezl( Zetzel . eea dtoshv ic perd yrfrne r oarpitfrom reprint a to are references my appeared; since have editions Several . omr( Sommer . iia huhsi omr( Sommer in thoughts Similar . Plin. . BIAATPERI AUT UBLICA . otud( Dortmund . Sen. . ut eGram. de Suet. . eliz( Perlwitz . o ntneBr ( Birt instance For . hlis( Phillips . any( Haenny . pehfrLgru xelnl.Hneot,waee rt,Isaletutteavriigto advertising the entrust shall I write, deferam. I praeconium whatever ( but Henceforth, you), tibi is excellently. scripsero Ligarius exception for quicquid possible speech posthac A vendidisti. spricht.’’ praeclare Hilfestellungen solcher Aspekt moneta werden geht, Fa h wds original. Swedish the dtd Suet. edited: 1 ( hswr a ae opeetdb i otiuinin contribution his by complemented later was Altertumswissenschaft work This est Att osnttreat not does ciee eeu rpi i pelno otrmitrrts u rei grammatici Graecis a qui aut interpretes, dicere aut poetarum possint scienterque appellandos acute sic et diligenter proprie nominentur aliquid qui ceterum eos scribere, ait appellari vulgo quidem as ese,oe i redece nee epihugnncgsel ha nachgestellt Verpflichtungen anderen irgendwelchen sie ha geweigert oder je leisten, Atticus sich ‘‘Daß process: uies(p. business (pp. ersichtlich.’’ ( ( Geldgescha anderen red n soitso eus,a iewe h aktgnrlyddnt Dortmund not. did generally distribution. market book the commercial when any his in time for works involved a copies Cicero’s quality at involved of provided been request, Atticus few have down ( on that could a tunes associates Atticus conclude of that to He and only out seems friends letters. rule evidence but not his publishing, is does commercial in there He in Atticus. that works by holding Cicero’s released publisher, being of actually a releasing as the role of Atticus’s evidence and chronology 370 . 1995 1962 2001 2001 ¨ 66 l,i ee su i eogn rme Bu fremder Besorgung die um es denen in lle, ). litterati . ,Pne ( Pinner ), , 4 : 2 Ep : Ep : stelts coa oeaietesucsadrjc htAtcswsapbihro was or publisher a was Atticus that reject and sources the examine to scholar latest the is ) . . 5 8 8 33 215 Att Á 1981 sm cainmnindin mentioned occasion (same a , . . 1986 Á 2 22 27 1986 5 1884 vendidisti 1926 1992 . Á . 43 . 20 ( 8 ). : )Acrigy ln ecie h dctdmmeso i tf as staff his of members educated the describes Pliny Accordingly, .) 217 . 2 Ep 6 2001 ). 397 : . 232 eGram de ( , 16 ,Rihan( Reichmann ), ie odacuto h rvosdbt nAtcsaddsussthe discusses and Atticus on debate previous the of account good a gives ) a irtoe otrttshba,qiqi o s eatm r o incohato non pro peractum, est non quidquid habeas, posteritatis rationem si Nam Á 1948 235 : : 3 publicare . ). . 7 . 422 4 38 22 f) eny( Kenney ff.), :‘DsHutredfl e tiu ae Grundstu waren Atticus des Hauptarbeidsfeld ‘‘Das ): 9 4 Hor. ; . : . , 409 Á 1 , 36 .Sme ( Sommer ). : 107 ! 1882 12 ¨ 237 ( ). 5 onlu uqeNpslbloqodsigi itrtma rdt,litteratos erudito, ab litteratum distinguit quo libello Nepos quoque Cornelius 30 t.’Smlrcnlsoscnenn these concerning conclusions Similar fte.’’ suulyudrto eahrcly(..Sme ( Sommer (e.g. metaphorically understood usually is . . ‘rtkudHreetknbtArs e nie uhees’( Buchwesens’’ antiken des Abriss nebst Hermeneutik und ‘‘Kritik , ¨ T . 16 4 eFae iktet a idui ee ie tagnfinanziellen etwaigen einen gegen eindeutig was diskutiert, Fragen re Á 40 . ). Á ;Drmn ( Dortmund ); Á HE , 410 : uhadludVerlagswesen und Buchhandel 3 124 Ep . 49 11 . rayo h te omnyue words. used commonly other the of any or 348 1 3 , . .Hwvr ecmst h aecnlsoscnenn Atticus’s concerning conclusions same the to comes he However, ). ,Shbr ( Schubart ), 2 . icse h infiac of significance the discusses ) 12 R , f) any( Haenny ff.), 2 11 . 1938 . LAIGAND ELEASING 44 1982 2 1926 . . 3 1926 1 . , 1 Á ,vndrVl ( Valk der van ), 14 , ,Qin( Quinn ), 8 : 12 . . osntg sfra elizi eetn nediting an rejecting in Perlwitz as far as go not does ) 194 405 . 2001 45 Pliny ; 1962 . 4 Á 3 . , 406 5 : ¨ 1884 . 13 208 t,dmCcr eatg rudcatdesezu Freundschaftsdienste derartige Cicero dem tte, 4 : , . 1982 12 ). 130 4 ¨ : Ep Á . , hroe i ulkto o eknCiceros Werken von Publikation die oder cher 8 25 225 f) eei( Fedeli ff.), 13 . D ,Sar( Starr ), . 2 f) acpn ( Carcopino ff.), 1957 . 1 , 21 . SRBTO OF ISTRIBUTION ;as eliz( Perlwitz also ); 1 5 perdin appeared , , a, . 3 1 ,Keeg( Kleberg ), . . 3 2 13 , , edere . 12 1 22 1987 . 8 . Martial ; 6 , 1983 . 4 3 ,Hri ( Harris ), . hruhy u unfortunately but thoroughly, , 7 pueri 13 , and 1962 4 . 1967 1947 aduhdrklassischen der Handbuch 23 . 27 1992 Att , r hs fDortmund of those are Epig 1989 , ;as it( Birt also ); ¨ 13 yrfrne r to are references My . II. : . 1974 5 kseuainnund cksspekulationen : . . 1989 10 R 44 13 Yuhv odmy sold have (You 1926 22 ). . . 305 , OMAN ¨ . 12 :‘I enmder keinem ‘‘In ): 1 3) 7 Aln Scientia). (Aalen: t,itnirgends ist tte, . : 2 . . : . 4 2 , 175 Á ): , 407 1 363 9 . 3 f) Citroni ff.), eruditi . Ligarianam , 1 1882 ,Kleberg ), , Á 1 B 9 . 408 16 . OOKS 11 : , Not . 1913 342 not , ) A )). 1 . 29 79 Á ). , Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 46 45 47 44 48 41 32 43 42 38 39 37 36 35 34 33 40 80 eliz( Perlwitz . si mle yhsbohrQitswe sigCcr ocretadei i nas( annals his edit and correct to Cicero asking when Quintus brother his by implied is As . f upy( Murphy Cf. . . nAtcsecuaigwriting: encouraging Atticus On . Cic. . .On f h ubrtfo ieowe et o prvdfrrlaighdgtit h wrong the into got had releasing for approved not texts when Cicero from outburst the Cf. . of Varro Like . . Pbihn ealr;Keeg( Kleberg retailer’; ‘Publishing . . asal( Marshall . . . auls( Catullus . . opeo uiu ttmnscnenn aeilepne a lob on ( found be also may expenses material concerning statements dubious of couple 13 2 oiia mlctosti ih have. might this implications political Att h eesn fhis of releasing the ad ( hands ecied.e ivls ttmhbbs cis nma irro tfirtti,s uvelles, tu si tuis, fieret ut librarios ad enim scripsi habebis. statim voles, potestas describendi si ea describenda. 13 dFam Ad aucit icltn nKeeg( Kleberg in circulating manuscripts administr nigu sa B o isi rvnilsho.His school. provincial a in kids for ABC an as up ending f also cf. P Ars hw i rseto en edadsuidtruhu h mie nHrc n his and Horace On empire. the throughout studied ( Citroni and alios read inter being see of audience, prospect his shows uiemundus pumice ieaue e omr( Sommer see literature, 1 P Ars Att ieaycag,twrswitnper:‘Hrc ettenwwyo on hnsmatan meant performer’’. things as doing poet of the way of new status the social felt the ‘‘Horace for poetry: end written towards change, literary ees.His release. Carm hpbo ak em ob h su nHorace in issue the be to seems racks book shop codnl hsdPbisCoisars h ou oau hr eto euei a in refuge took he where Romanum Forum the across bookshop; Clodius Publius chased accordingly ialibellos pila aei oe( Rome in sale 227 rbbyrfrigt hnet emd eoetefia dto fterevised copy. the a of received edition had final Varro the after before apparently made but be Varro), to to change (dedicated a to referring probably copihdi h aucittaiin.Sealso See tradition). manuscript the in accomplished aucittradition) manuscript Att. . . . 16 20 . 25 21 . . . ) taojisCcr nhsciiimo h ncuayadmsplig ftecpe for copies the of misspellings and inaccuracy the of criticism his in Cicero joins Strabo )). . . describere 4 a( 2 1 3 1 dQFr Q Ad 12 : . . ). . . Á 4 6 345 t ussrmti tm oe tanlsso mne tedam et emendem suos annalis ut roget me ut remittit rursus ita 55 . 389 8 . arn udmqa cis eacoeiapoeomteeu a oa miserim Romam iam ut mittere propero ita auctore te scripsi quae quidem Varroni . 6 Ep Att . 3 2 Ovid . . . ; , 1992 16 . 4 3 Carm 1 ( 1976 Á . 16 1 . . i ee ealbrSsi,hce aetaste ogmnt citr rrgtaeuum prorogat scriptori noto longum et transit mare et hic Sosiis, liber aera meret hic ecagn Aitpae’fr‘uoi’in ‘Eupolis’ for ‘Aristophanes’ (exchanging eil nsaa aenelbaieconiecisset librariae tabernae scalas in ille se . ). ( ,Doou iuu ( Siculus Diodorus ), 7 22 90 1 Carm nonbslibellis omnibus in . ; . 13 2 : . 20 1998 1 . e conl ( McDonnell see Academica . ). 1 . . 22 3 6 ( 21 Tristia 10 .Horace ). . . . eeelcbtqo o ddrs ectvxmsareverti missa vox nescit edideris; non quod licebit delere 13 ( , 4 1 irrimea librarii ;m emphasis. my ); , 95 . Á . 16 . . nsm neetn esetvso ieosiiileieraesadthe and readers elite initial Cicero’s on perspectives interesting some on ) 4 ); 5 1 2 . 13 ; 14 Cato ; . . 54 1 3 13 1 3 . ( Á . . . 22 . 17 otmu auqe ie,setr iei,siie tpotsSosiorum prostes ut scilicet uideris, spectare liber, Ianumque, Vortumnum ; 1 11 . 5 2 . 4 25 13 . . .Mr natosdsaifidwt esoso hi unreleased their of versions with dissatisfied authors on More ). el sta tto in ieyast e his get to years nine Cinna took it that us tells ) 50 6 1926 . : Á 3 10 . . . ; 44 ( Att 18 . Ep Att 1 13 . 5 . . 20 : un ( Quinn . ( 3 . ); . . 419 dlbairmcra scrinia curram librariorum ad 12 . 1 398 1962 spoal o eeec obosos(e odc ( Fordyce (see bookshops to reference a not probably is ) . . eaigtenm .Crdu in Corfidius L. name the (erasing Att 1996 13 7 20 . 40 ; .Cic. ). 40 Att . ff.). 1995 12 J 2 . : , ON sa msn ic nteft fatx ncirculation, in text a of fate the on piece amusing an is . . : 12 , 1 33 8 . 12 . 482 13 ). 12 1962 . 2 : ). 14 . 1982 . 44 . ; 241 12 21 .I W. . 13 Phil Á 3 , . a, : 3 . 486 ( : Á 12 32 , umlbu dt itm idsrpeitlibrarii descripserint si mittam, te ad librum quem 52 89 13 260 2 . . . 45 . .:Qitla ( Quintilian f.): 2 DDENG . ). 14 ae oaespsaet eacmeto a on comment a be to passage Horace’s takes ) 25 nAtcs i irr n rvt oyn of copying private and library his Atticus, On . 2 f hlis( Phillips Cf. . ). Satura . . . 21 2 3 , n rtsof Brutus and ) Att 4 O h vn hr acsAntonius Marcus where event the (On . 6 .Tealgdasneo i rtn in writing his of absence alleged The ). . . eOratore De 3 1 13 , . 4 . 15 . 21 71 rsmbyrfr obooksellers. to refers presumably ) . Carmen 3 u h iuto sls la and clear less is situation the but , . ( 2 nt praef Inst. ul aen eshba neque habeat meos taberna nulla 1986 , 15 . 4 ). eFinibus de 29 . r Ligario Pro 2 3 .Sm huhsin thoughts Same ). ). , . 20 Á 16 ,Glns( Galenos ), . copihdi the in accomplished sls msn,but amusing, less is 11 . Zmyrna 3 nHrisand Hirtius on ; ( Att. 11 Academica . Att. 33 13 ed for ready eanat. de . 21 Á a.). 2 1961 . Att. Ep not 4 . ); 1 ); : . , Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 67 65 64 66 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 P tr ( Starr . e uro ( Aubrion See . hri-ht ( Sherwin-White . a e ak( Valk der Van . irn ( Citroni . . ht ( White . E.g. . E.g. . BIAATPERI AUT UBLICA rcmyr( Brockmeyer . f zls ( Szelest Cf. . hr sas h osblt htBeiswne nofiills osr u eun et from texts genuine out sort to list official an wanted Baebius that possibility the also is There . lbr ( Kleberg . reledr(vol. Friedlaender . vdcam ob edwdl,ee fbnse otees ( east the to banished if even widely, read be to claims Ovid . ..Lucian E.g. . . abe( Gamble . irn ( Citroni . eiwo i otcoutput. poetic his of review books. naalldi ln n te otmoaytxs ti hsmr epigt aethe take to of tempting use the more odd an in thus is be involved position is would a being It that such (i.e. again texts. in but it’’ knights contemporary of releasing other group of a and contubernales as thinking Pliny strange, are read in seem we companions knights unparalleled likely, two my as is these and which releasing process), however, of I releasing If, thinking ‘‘both sense. am perfect ‘‘I as as makes passage this it the agree’’, understand companions to my are and we it, if and Voconius, and Suetonius msmsdcnu nmnbses,qavsimgaimnvttseurn;ns ae auribus tamen nisi exuerint; novitatis gratiam blandiuntur iam bibliopolae quamvis esse, nostris manibus in dicuntur emisimus Ep cih e ‘humiliores’.’’ der Schicht (p. ln’ aeadsbetmtespoal i o ntgt smc ogdwriting. forged much as instigate not But did autobibliography. Galenus’s probably for matters reason subject the and was as name name, Pliny’s Pliny’s in delivered others certain nohrieukonbosle n remno uuts( Augustus of freedman and bibliopola bookseller unknown otherwise ( an world the over all legor dispatched orbe plurimus toto ( in et illis/dicor minus nymnin otc ihtebo-elr al nhscre,bfr lm fstatus. of climb a before career, his in early book-dealers the with contact mentions only ciin;s iu,a ereverantur me ad minus, si accipiant; Silv uprsFwe n irn nterfcso ieayuiywsl ocue (p. concludes wisely unity literary on focus their in Citroni and Fowler ( supports Roman see Furthermore, emperor. icus ob nonee sattlt,frfo en iie oteAohrt,recurs Apophoreta, the to autonomous limited an being than from rather far units totality, work.’’ individual a later detachable, Martial’s as of throughout encountered collection be a to as discourse book the of idea 108 le ta.( al. et Allen Friedla on building 2 . . 7 246 Á . 17 1 1 4 2 1031 . . . 1987 2 .prae.: 45 9 Á : :‘De‘Buchha ‘‘Die ): . 1974 ; 23 18 1989 ofieo tismm tcnuenlsa dtoennabhorrere non editione ab contubernales et me ipsum et confitebor 1970 1988 1 1995 Fabretti ; and : .Piyteedr( elder the Pliny ). ; , 52 220 6 1996 1970 d.Ind. Adv. and acqaicmu ut eir aism,s iinndslceit epublicum te a displicuerint, non tibi si carissime, Melior, sunt, qualiacumque haec . : ; 1973 1989 as 33 n olr( Fowler and ) ). : 365 201 2 1957 ). 86 ; . bybliopolae 1966 6 : : 7 1996 ,o oa ‘Buchha Roman on ), ; ). : Á 96 352 Á . 2 ! 2 311 ). ¨ 2 374 ) 226 10 ; drsosrain ugse hsnal ude er g.Sealso See ago. years hundred a nearly this suggested observation, nder’s . Á T : 93 1886 Á 8 ). Á . 97 91 . 366 ,woage htsalcletoso om eeofrdol othe to only offered were poems of collections small that argues who ), HE 353 ¨ 4 ; ;c.as oea ( Coleman also cf. ); 3 314 de’geho ndler’ ; ). 3 nthe on ) and . : 8 .Wiestei sas eue ihnwagmnsb at ( Nauta by arguments new with refuted also is thesis White’s ). ). 1 o hr icsino his of discussion short a for ) . ; 216 R 7 fsm otwt omrilitrs nrlaigtespeeches, the releasing in interest commercial a with sort some of 10 ; NH LAIGAND ELEASING 1995 24 nonstra misit terras omnes in 8 . . hri-ht ( Sherwin-White . . 2 15 a e ak( Valk der Van . ; .Tecdxter sntnvl mic ( Immisch novel; not is theory codex The ). ; plagiator 35 11 ¨ 8 tnweal Ha alle wie rten . . 108 . 2 . 19 2001 . 11 ¨ ; de’(pp. ndler’ ; contubernales od htVrowoeabo on book a wrote Varro that holds ) 9 12 ,wodsussrltdise,adee huhhe though even and issues, related discusses who ), . 4 . okdb Martial. by mocked ; 2 2005 ( 9 .Poetu locam ol-iereputation world-wide claims also Propertius ). 3 . ). 18 . 1957 D ntecletosaddtn fMartial’s of dating and collections the on ) .Br ( Birt ). 241 1966 SRBTO OF ISTRIBUTION ¨ de ndnSta den in ndler hc omlyipisintimacy. implies normally which , ugssta hsmyb h Martial why be may this that suggests ) Á : 248 œuvres 1882 90 ;cnldn ntersca status social their on concluding ); ae the takes ) Trist : 358 n eskwt ( Hershkowitz and , .Upu u.lb Dionysius lib. Aug. Ulpius M. etosa ncito of inscription an mentions ) 4 . 9 ¨ . tndrKiezi zur Kaiserzeit der dten 21 contubernales R and OMAN 700 4 [ ... . 10 aosmen famous 1911 . ] 127 iel quos libelli 137 1995 B ,partly ), Á :‘‘The ): OOKS o a for ) 8 obe to 2002 : non 81 : Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 82 80 81 77 76 79 78 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 82 ..Plin. E.g. . e abe( Gamble See . . it( Birt . Hor. . f ulnr ( Gualandri Cf. . zazo( Dziatzko . abe( Gamble . conl ( McDonnell . f Plato Cf. . omr( Sommer . o h refrnvlltrtr,sePlin. see literature, novel for urge the For . lbr ( Kleberg . nbosoe nwboso nnw) Mart. unknown): or books (new bookstores On . al( Harl . udmi xmlramletasrpu e oa tla rvnisu dimisit provinciasque Italiam totam per transcriptum mille exemplaria in Eundem pp. mn red scmesto,btti sntatse either. distribution private attested for not copies is of this number but certain a compensation, There received as editori.’’ author degli friends the guadagni among that lauti possibility dei motivo a il also convenzionale is essere del ad parte continua da autori onorario degli un comunque ricevessero scrittori gli librarius d’autore, diritti mancando pur che, in rii iii ettrcnuin ie iiu tnsr atr rtni versus Britannia Martia cantare ad nostra Geticis et in dicitur meus liber sed damus, centurione ista tertitur auribus rigidio vacuis a nec pruinis otia signa gaudent Pipleide tantum mea populis notus et Martialis ille eaetfm,lblo ne eiisplhaVen us elgtomnis legit me suas. Vienna pulchra delicias inter libellos fama, est vera umnnmrrssd uo etramas lector puto, sed, miraris non quem potest fama nobis euta ooqenvtarmqimd o ae Batavam? habet non modo qui aurem novit iocosque nequitias ulsu eai tprorbem per ut legaris qualiscum Roma carmina aarogo fama posteritas accipe ( noris, ut legis, amorum,/quem aiauriepontifex uirgine tacita enn oko ea em c.Rbrs&Set( Skeat & Roberts (cf. terms legal on book a defining nti ae.As rcmyr( Brockmeyer Also ‘Sortimentsbuchha paper. this in Pliny euaeo h xesv ayu hog aipet.Sc shrl h ae e ka ( Skeat see alleged case, the an hardly is is books ( Such palimpsests. second-hand Starr through esp. about papyrus arguments expensive and the main of industry) his re-usage of large one a However, phenomenon). it reckons (who Or ml ( Small sdbo akt u.Gel. Aul. market: used-book okcletr n lhuhdaigwt ayboste r abru n nere,even unlearned, and barbarous are they ( books many shrewd with dealing although and book-collector, NA oontsi orbe in notus toto . 312 21 18 80 1882 Carm 1 . 1996 f) npsil amns eei( Fedeli payments, possible On ff.). . . 12 f) natgah,seMDnel( McDonnell see autographs, On ff.). 1997 4 16 o bim,pero abbiamo, non ; . d.ind. Adv. nqaiyeiin Fronto editions quality On . 1 1962 . 1995 : Ep. ), uindsrbsqieafwboslesi i aosdarb nteignorant the on diatribe famous his in booksellers few a quite describes Lucian . Rep 8 1926 1894 : 354 natgah Martial autographs on ; . : 278 5 1996 26 2 . 1995 : . : 13 . woas ugse htlvn uhr eepi o etuaei schools in usage text for paid were authors living that suggested also (who f.) 1 . : ), : . 20 87 10 77 15 1989 Á 398 Á 576 n edfrvrafter), forever read and , ( 6 .Atog o ossetyue nRmntms tc otedistinction the to stick I times, Roman in used consistently not Although ). . 40 . , : 279 ¨ oolgrob frequens orbe legor toto ;Zte ( Zetsel ); ). 603 2 . ), ndler’. 60 53 4 3 ; ,Sar( Starr ), .C.Symmachus Cf. ). ). ). . 3 9 30 ). and ;Ovid ); e- . and . 95 ( 26 adt mt attnsrsmaRm libellos Roma mea nostros cantat amat, Laudat, 604 ( . su g otr/rsa ad ees u aioimsadtcum Capitolium/scandet dum recens, laude postera/crescam ego usque ( 4 24 r eo ut ouqepropd oe o xett a mihi dat expectato non nomen oppida per notumque multo legor ore 92 Mart. ; d. 1981 ` 1987 ,btda ihseileiin ( editions special with deal but ), ), ). NA tetzoiscr iuasml oseuie eted parte da mentre consuetudine, simile una di sicure attestazioni , ), Trist 10 6 : : . . 232 2 103 64 J 217 3 . . 3 . ON 7 1973 45 .( . f.). 4 . 5 f.). 11 ( ; dM Caes. M. Ad . ; es usnvtfm,libellos fama, novit quos meos, eu tnmnfmqevsr sumus vestra famaque nomen et decus 9 ), nteue-oktaei eea,seKeeg( Kleberg see general, in trade used-book the On . 5 Ep 3 . : . .I W. 20 . 4 ), 50 9 242 . 1983 . . 1 9 76 Á ; ; Ep 5 paf ( .praef. 1 . 9 26 . 5 ); 10 ugssta ylooamgthv ena been have might bybliopola that suggests ) 31 , . . 1996 DDENG : . 4 78 9 ; lin( Ulpian . , 4 . 99 1 . 2 1 4 . . . 97 5 2 10 . 1990 25 Á . . 2 Á . 10 15 ;o h rcs ftx erdcin see reproduction, text of process the on ); 1 6 ; 5 . . ; leeosmnlingrmluesecundus, laude nugarum nulli sum ego ille 100 ( 125 7 ; , , 1 . eRm legit Roma me 7 . 1 . 18 5 3 4 )(h ekn tamria urban marginal a it reckons (who a) 5 . Á 1983 . ; 52 . Á usu:‘Nne ‘‘Non up: sums ) . 20 16 (Naber 2 5 1 132 Juv. ; . . Digest 11 113 . ( 7 ( leeoqifei,tnrrmlusor tenerorum fuerim, qui ego Ille : Stat. ; etr.qilgse oacna mea cantas tota et legis lector...qui Propertius ; ), ; 30 and 1 7 d.Ind Adv. . Á 117 . 11 17 84 34 32 . 8 ;o h niura interest antiquarian the on ); 179 Silv. ; , . )dsusstepolmof problem the discusses .) )). 21 ), 4 ), 7 ), . . . 72 Á 88 10 6 8 6 . 182 . . 4 ), 3 ; . 82 . 2 . ( 2 9 13 ( etrhbr es si meos, habere Fertur 2 ` , . 5 a lsnhladdere nihil plus iam . . 7 et,d escludere da certo, , .Epcal nthe on Especially ). ( . . 10 10 ), 60 leMrils cuius Martialis, ille 3 . 17 ; . 11 Á 9 14 Á 23 . ( 3 ( . nmi libellis meis in 18 194 ou gentibus notus . i Chryst. Dio . ( Mart. ; o urbana Non 4 . u.Gel. Aul. ; 7 . 2 ), . 1964 1995 11 1 . . 1 24 . 2 ) : Downloaded By: [UBO Bibliotek for Humaniora og Samfunnsfag] At: 09:38 24 August 2007 mic,O ( O. Immisch, lbr,T ( T. Kleberg, ( G. F. Kenyon, lbr,T ( T. Kleberg, ( D. Hershkowitz, ( V. W. Harris, ( W. K. Harl, ( L. Haenny, ( I. Gualandri, eny .J ( J. E. Kenney, ( P. Fedeli, zazo .( K. Dziatzko, ( A. Dortmund, ( A. Dalzell, uot .( F. Dupont, abe .Y ( Y. H. Gamble, ( H. Funaioli, ( P. Fedeli, oea,K ( K. Coleman, ( M. Citroni, reledr .( L. Friedlaender, olr .P ( P. D. Fowler, irn,M ( M. Citroni, acpn,J ( J. Carcopino, ( T. Birt, rcmyr .( N. Brockmeyer, irn,M ( M. Citroni, ( E. Aubrion, le,W,e l ( al. et W., Allen, References P BIAATPERI AUT UBLICA cetau upsaliensis scientiarum Cambridge. (eds.), Clausen .Cr)Verleger? Chr.) v. iria(eds.) Giardina Spettacolo 20 Leipzig. (eds.), aie n .Sheao(eds.), Schiesaro A. and Habinek nhnu fJ .Slia.,pp. Sullivan.), P. J. of honour in rnlgadlapblczoedilibri)’’, dei pubblicazione della cronologia ecihedsBuchwesens des Geschichte arecherche’’, la 2 ( udRm ei,rqii hospes requirit legit, Roma quod . Á 10 28 , 1882 . 3 osai etrroRm antica Roma letterario spazio Lo . 1983 1989 10 1955 1884 1962 Itouin leclueatceI,pp. I), antiche culture alle (Introduzione ; 1989 1997 ) 1995 1988 1996 1914 1964 1894 1989 1911 2005 3 1989 1995 ‘uoe omtet,pblc nRm’.I:M eet (ed.), Vegetti M. In: Roma’’. in pubblico committente, ‘‘Autore, ) a nieBcwsni enmVerha seinem in Buchwesen antike Das 1947 ‘ itm ipouin ifsoe’ n .Cvlo .Fdl n .Giardina A. and Fedeli P. Cavallo, G. In: diffusione’’. e produzione di sistemi ‘‘I ) 1982 . 1989 2001 21 ‘snu oloadteItouto fRctto tRome’’, at Recitation of Introduction the and Pollio ‘‘Asinius ) 1932 1995 ) ) ANRW ) ‘a‘orsodne ePiel en:Proble Jeune: le Pline de ‘Correspondance’ ‘‘La ) ‘ulczoeeddcedilbii Marziale’’, in libri dei dediche e ‘‘Publicazione ) )‘‘ 1970 1886 ‘‘Recitationes’’, ) ‘uMartial’’, ‘‘Zu ) , 1995 ) ‘niurshrBchne matnRm’ In: Rom’’. alten im Buchhandel ‘‘Antiquarischer ) ‘uo-udVraseh mAlterthum’’, im Verlagsrecht und ‘‘Autor- ) ‘azaeel etrtr e aunl peiadl’nrteiet e dell’intrattenimento (poetica Saturnali i per letteratura la e ‘‘Marziale ) 1973 osai etrroRm antica Roma letterario spazio Lo crfselrudBuchha und Schriftsteller ‘e n egaadlalteaualtn’.I:G aal,P eeiadA. and Fedeli P. Cavallo, G. 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Á 179 h etr fPiy itrcladSca Commentary Social and Historical A Pliny: of Letters The ‘nteEiino ok nAntiquity’’, in Books of Edition the ‘‘On ) ¨ 103 e n .Rte (eds.), Ritzer W. and fer . Hildesheim. . 1983 D O J a ) ON I h it fteCodex the of Birth The a Stuttgart. , ’’, .I W. MDAI(R) DDENG ¨ mern 16 EMC : ¨ e York. New . ¨ Silvae e Mo ber 1 etcrf oe Stummvoll Josef Festschrift hramugni e ro der in chersammlungen Á eln (Orig. Berlin. . 17 [N.S.] Leiden. . London. . . and ¨ heenihe,Scheinheilige, chtegerndichter, Phoenix 15 Epigrams avr,MA. Harvard, . CW auaLn:Fsshitfu Festschrift Lanx: Satura : ANRW 397 VC 79 Á 1907 CQ 44 412 : irr Quarterly Library 11 ’’, ekly CA. Berkeley, . 227 : II. Phoenix : . .) 148 NS JRS 1 30 Á Á 237 . 10 Á pp. , 1 37 JRS pp. , : 157 Oxford. . . Hermes Leiden. . 75 : . ¨ 30 213 . mischen 91 Á 40 : 180 : Á 401 252 113 Á 223 CQ . 61 61 ¨ 8 Á Á Á r . . : :