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THE GEORGE WRIGHT Volume 19 • 2002 THE GEORGE WRIGHT Volume 19 • 2002*:» Number 3 THE JOURNAL OF THE GEORGE WRIGHT SOCIETY Dedicated to the Protection, Preservation and Management of Cultural and Natural Parks and Reserves Through Research and Education The George Wright Society Board of Directors ROBERTj. KRUMENAKER • President Bayfield, Wisconsin LAURA E.S.GATES • Vice President Natchitoches, Louisiana DWIGHT T. PlTCAITHLEY • Treasurer Washington, D. C. DENNIS B. FENN • Secretary Flagstaff, Arizona GILLIAN BOWSER • Copper Center, Alaska PETER BRINKLEY • New York, New York MARIE BERTILLION COLLINS • Piedmont, California ABIGAIL B. MILLER • Alexandria, Virginia DAVIDj. PARSONS • Missoula, Montana RICHARD B. SMITH • Placitas, New Mexico STEPHEN YVOODLEY • Hull, Quebec Executive Office P. 0. Box 65, Hancock, Michigan 49930-0065 USA -B 1-906-487-9722; fax 1-906-487-9405 [email protected] • http://www.georgewright.org David Harmon • Executive Director Robert M. Linn • Membership Coordinator Emily Dekker-Fiala • Conference Coordinator The George Wright Society is a member of US/ICOMOS (International Council on Monuments and Sites—U.S. Committee), IUCN—The World Conservation Union, and The Natural Resources Council of America © 2002 The George Wright Society, Inc. All rights reserved. (No copyright is claimed for previously published material reprinted herein.) ISSN 0732-4715 Editorial guidelines may be found on the inside back cover. Text paper is made of 50% recycled fibers. Printed by Book Concern Printers, Hancock, Michigan THE GEORGE WRIGHT FORUM Volume 19 • 2002 * Number 3 Society News, Notes & Mail 2 World Heritage: Thirty Years of U. S. Participation 4 Gustavo F. Araoz Improving Protected Area Management in Lithuania: A View from Overseas 12 Gintaras Matiukas, James P. Lassoie, and Daniel J. Decker The Commemoration of Northern Aboriginal Peoples by the Canadian Government 22 David Neufeld Crossing Boundaries: Interpreting Resource-Related Issues 34 Cynthia MacLeod Native Americans, the Earliest Interpreters: What is Known About Their Legends and Stories of Yellowstone National Park and the Complexities of Interpreting Them 40 Lee H. Whittlesey Exploiting the Human Need for Nature for Successful Protected Area Management 52 Ross J. Chapman Forest and Tree Conservation Through Metaphysical Constraints 57 Lawrence S. Hamilton On the Cover: A view of Tytuvenai Regional Park in Lithuania. Photo by Roma Matiukiene Volume 19 • Number 3 2002 1 Society News, Notes & Mail Nash, Botkin to Address Joint GWS/CR2003 Conference Preparations are in full swing for "Protecting Our Diverse Heritage: The Role of Parks, Protected Areas, and Cultural Sites," the joint George Wright Society / Cultural Resources 2003 conference. By the time you read this, the deadline for receipt of abstracts will have passed and the Joint Conference Committee will be preparing to sift through the submissions. As of this writing (mid-September), two of the four plenary sessions have been confirmed. Gary Nash, professor emeritus of history at UCLA, and direc­ tor, National Center for Histoiy in the Schools, will address the conference on Thursday, April 17. He co-chaired the National Histoiy Standards Project from 1992-1996 and was also instrumental in developing the Liberty Bell exhibit at Independence National Historical Park, both of which proved to be contentious endeavors. The final plenary (Friday, April 18) will be headlined by Daniel B. Botkin, professor emeritus at UC-Santa Barbara, and director of the Center for the Study of the Environment. Botkin is well-known as the author of Discordant Harmonies, published in 1991. More recent titles of his include Our Natural History: Lessons From Lewis and Clark and No Man's Garden: Thoreau and A New Vision for Civilization. In addition to these, we are finalizing a plenary on environmental justice and parks, which will be held Tuesday the 15th, and are working on an plenary to kick things off on Monday the 14th. For the latest information on the joint con­ ference, go to http://www.georgewright.org/2003.html. Evison Receives 2002 George Melendez Wright Award for Excellence In early September the GWS Board unanimously voted to bestow the Soci­ ety's highest honor, the George Melendez Wright Award for Excellence, on Boyd Evison for his many years of outstanding leadership in promoting research and resource management in the U.S. National Park System. Evison retired from the National Park Service in 1994 after career of more than 30 years which saw him work in a variety of parks and administrative offices, highlighted by superinten- dencies at Saguaro, Albright Training Center, Great Smoky Mountains, and Sequoia-Kings Canyon, and the directorship of the Alaska Region. He also taught at the University of Wisconsin and, after retiring, was a parks consultant in the Czech Republic and Bulgaria and the executive director of the Grand Teton Natural Histoiy Association. Among top NPS managers he was a leading advocate for resource management, inventory and monitoring, and for parks as places in which others could do research—even that which does not have imme- 2 The George Wright FORUM diate or obvious management implications. Evison's award is for the year 2002. The Society's Awards Committee is cur­ rently accepting nominations until October 31 for the 2003 round of awards, which will be given out at the joint conference in April. Details at http://www.georgewright.org/2003awards.html. Volume 19 • Number 3 2002 3 Gustavo F. Araoz World Heritage: Thirty Years of U.S. Participation he year 2002 marks the 30th anniversary of the World Heritage Con- vention, and we in the United States should use the occasion for cele- bration, since we were the first nation to ratify the convention, and it was American preservationists who conceived of expanding the draft Tconvention from a protective tool for natural resources to include cultural her- itage. Proof that this was a good idea is the convention’s smashing success. Its ratification by 167 nations makes it the most popular pact in history.The World Heritage List has exceeded all expectations, with 721 inscriptions, of which 554 are cultural, 144 natural, and 23 a mix of the two. The nomination process has become so brisk that the World Heritage Committee has had to limit nomina- tions to one per country each year. This enthusiasm has not spread to ern development of all cities on the the United States, where interest in the planet. Alexandria, Annapolis, convention has been on the wane for Boston, Charleston, Chicago, New the past decade. Over the past 30 Orleans, New York, Newport, years, only eight U.S. cultural sites Philadelphia, San Antonio, San Fran- have been inscribed on the list— cisco, Santa Fe, Savannah, Washington scarcely a handful if we consider our ... do any of these cities have the out- country’s size and diverse cultural his- standing universal value required for tory, and especially if we compare our World Heritage listing? Probably yes, participation with nations such as and an overview of the list of World Italy, with 34 cultural sites on the list, Heritage cities in the Western Hemi- or Spain, with 33, or Mexico, with 20. sphere republics place the eligibility of But our most gaping absence from the U.S. cities in a favorable context. The World Heritage List has to do with our urban history of the World Heritage historic cities. cities of the Americas runs just as deep The map of the United States is as ours. They include 37 Colonial and studded with brilliant cities that speak Republican cities, and even one Mod- of our history, please our senses, and ern Movement city (Brasilia), that run enrich our cultural life. Some of them from the universally recognizable, played important roles in the larger such as Mexico City, to the relatively history of the world, while others are obscure, such as Santa Cruz de Mom- the result of early experimental Euro- pox (Table 1). pean settlements in the New World. Fostering participation by the Unit- American concepts of architecture and ed States in all international cultural urban planning and their application conventions is an integral part of the have had a major impact on the mod- mission of US/ICOMOS [the U.S. 4 The George Wright FORUM World Heritage: Thirty Years of U. S. Participation Table 1. Colonial World Heritage cities in the Americas, by country. Committee of the International Coun- our federal government. For that rea- cil on Monuments and Sites] since son, a federal agency is responsible for they provide one of the principal managing the implementation of the frameworks for international World Heritage Convention: the exchanges of information and cooper- National Park Service through its ation. For this reason, our consistent Office of International Affairs, which failure to attain the full potential bene- is both the convention’s door and fit from the World Heritage Conven- gatekeeper for all Americans. Only tion has been a nagging frustration for federal reserve lands and designated the leadership of US/ICOMOS. As we National Historic Landmarks are eligi- celebrate 30 years of the convention’s ble for nomination. The only person existence, this might be an appropriate who can lawfully nominate a U.S. site time to examine the reasons for our to the World Heritage List is the Assis- poor national performance, and to tant Secretary of the Interior for Fish, launch a national debate on how to Wildlife, and Parks. That post is cur- proceed. That debate should culmi- rently filled by Judge Craig Manson. nate in December, when US/ICO- There are 18 U.S. sites inscribed in MOS and Harvard University Gradu- the World Heritage List: ten are natu- ate School of Design will convene a ral; eight, cultural. Two additional nat- conference on New World Cities and ural sites span our northern frontier the World Heritage Convention. and are shared with Canada.
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