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Form No 10300 (Rev 10·74) UNITED ~TATES DI:PARTMI:NT O~ THE INTERIOR • FOR NPS USE•ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NA TIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM

SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS IINAME

HISTORIC Bassett Spring ANDIOR COMMON --

ElLOCATION

STREET & NUMBER Granite lake Road NOT FOR PUBLICATION CITY TOWN CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT Four lakes -X VICINITY OF #5 - Honorable Thomas S. Foley STATE COOE COUNTY CODe 53 Spokane 063 DCLASSIFICA TION

CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE

_DISTRICT _PUBLIC _OCCUPIED _ -XAGRICULTURE _MUSEUM

_BUllDING(SI .!PRIVATE X.UNOCCUPIEO _COMMERCIAL _PARK _STRUCTURE _BOTH _WORK IN PROGRESS _EOUCATIONAl _PRIVATE RESIDENce ~SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE _ENTERTAINMENT _RELIGIOUS _OBJECT _IN PROCESS _YES RESTRICTED _GOVERNMENT _SCIENTIFIC

_BEING CONSIDERED _ YES UNRESTRICTED _INDUSTRIAL _TRANSPORTATION

~NO _MILITARY _OTHER DOWNER OF PROPERTY

NAME Mrs. James Owen. Sr. STREET & NUMBER

CITY TOWN STATE Four lakes JL VICINITY OF Washington DLOCA TION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION

COURTHOUSE REGISTRY OF DEEDS,ETC Spokane County Courthouse STREET & NUMBER W. 1116 Broadway CITY TOWN STATE Spokane Washington DREPRESENTA TION IN EXISTING SURVEYS

TITLE Spokane Metropolitan Area Transportation Study DATE October 1970 _FEDERAL -STATE )LCOUNTY -lOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECOROS Spokane Ci ty Hall

'" CITY TOWN STATE ) .... .:.!SP'-'o:..:.k:.::a.:..:n.::.e .:..:W.::.as:..:h:...;i~n~9.::.to:..:n-'---_ Ii'DESCRIPTION

CONDITION • CHECK ONE • CHECK ONE _EXCelLENT _DETERIORATED .xUNALTERED ~ORIGINAL SITE _GOOD _RUINS -ALTERED _MOVED DATE _ .xFAIR _UNEXPOSED

DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

The Bassett Spring is a very old, natural up-welling of water in a small valley south of Spokane. For centuries the spring has watered animals and man upon the wooded plains of the Latah Formation surrounding the Spokane Falls. Four mineral lakes, Silver, Granite, Willow and Meadow, are about one mile north of the spring; Granite at one time was fed by its stream. Wright's Butte where the raged lies between three of the lakes and the spring. Lieutenant John Mullan described the site after the battle, "We found ourselves at four beautiful lakes in the Spokane Plain, skirted by open pine forests, which im- mediately suggested a name, and hence the called his battle that of the 'Four Lakes' ... our camp was in good grass v/ith wood and water. The pine here growing, is tall and straight .•• ,,1 The spring flows from a low rounded hillside into a small catch basin; t~e water seeping out forms a small marsh area. Several small streaMS slip down the slope but are absorbed by the thick loamy soil. The main stream is presently carried underground to the farm below. The miniature marsh of tall reeds and slender cottonwood tr~es echoes with the noises of marsh birds and the quiet murmur of the spring. A fence seoarates the spring ~ from the plowed fields at the top of the slope and to the west. A dirt road at • a right angle to the east-west county gravel road, gradually disappears before it reaches the spring. To the west is tl,e gravesite of ··1innierlarie Bassett, Spokane's first white child and her brothers. TI,e grave is in the field but is marked by a stone and concrete wall as well as tile original stone narker (now set in concrete) placed by Wilbur :=iske i3assett.. The Bassett cabin has been moved from this site to the far-n about three-quarters of a mile distant; neither the grave nor the cabin form a part of this nomination.

1 Manring. Conguest of the Cour d'Alenes, p. 165.

i-, D SIGNIFICANCE • •

PERIOD AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE·· CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW

~PREHISTORIC -.!ARCHEUlUGY PREHISTORIC _COMMUNITY PLANNING _LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE _RELIGION ~1400 1499 -.!ARCHEOLOGY HISTORIC _CONSERVATION _LAW _SCIENCE ~1500 1599 ----AGAICUL TURE _ECONOMICS _LITERATURE _SCULPTURE 11.'600.'699 -ARCHITECTURE _EDUCATION XM1UTARY _SOCIAUHUMANITARIAN 11.1700 '799 -ART _ENGINEERING _MUSIC _THEATER X1800.1899 _COMMERCE KeXPlORATION/SETTlEM ENT _PHILOSOPHY _TRANSPORTATION _1900- _COMMUNICATIONS _INDUSTRY _POLITICS/GOVERNMENT _OTHER (SPECIFY) _INVENTION

SPECIFIC DATES BUILDER/ARCHITECT

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Bassett Spring, near Four Lakes, Washington, has long played a role in the history of the region. Animals used the site as a watering hole and feeding ground and even today the spring lies in the flight path of migrating water fowl. Indians found it to be a perfect site for camping since it was close to fresh water and good grass for grazing animals. For centuries the Inland Empire Indians used the spring as a camp while on the yearly migration to the camas ground in central and southern Washington. Bassett Spring was first noted by the white man during Colonel Geqrge Wright's punitive campaign against the Inland Empire tribes in 1858. Using it as his base during the Battle of Four Lakes, Colonel Wright and his men camped at the spring for four nights. The area continued to be used as an Indian campsite for many years thereafter. In 1827, Wilbur Fiske Bassett, ~an adventurous pioneer, moved from the village of Spokane Falls to the spring which would bear his name. • The massive defeat of Colonel E. J. Steptoe in May of 1858, by the various Indian tribes of the Inland Empire, caused the Army to send out a punitive expedition under the command of Colonel . The defeat had occurred near present day Rosalia, and it was expected that the Indians would mass near the Spokane Falls. A two pronged move~ent was planned to split the Indian forces. A small force of some 300 men under Garnett deflected Yakima Chief , one of the leaders of the uprising, to a site near Wilbur, in June of 1858. In July, 700 men under Colonel Wright left Walla Walla guided by some 60 scouts. The sight of the uniformed Nez Perce particularly enraged the Palouse, Coeur d'Alenes, and Spokane warriors. The two forces finally came into contact in an area of small lakes, that George ~lright called "Four Lakes". The long, hard march from had tired the men and horses. Wright had been anxious to camp after an eight mile march of July 31, but had been forced to travel for ten more miles to reach a site with water. The long march had been particularly tiring after the two deaths of soldiers the evening of the 30th from eating poision roots, and the first sighting of the enemy. A small spring was found close to Granite Lake, the. farthest south of the lakes .. The Four Lakes had such heavy mineral content that the water was undrinkable. Plenty of firewood and tall grass was available aRd Wright intended to remain at the spring for a full day to rest his weary men for battle. "My men and animals require rest; I shall remain here tomorrow; I have a good camp, with an abundance of wood, water and grass."Z But the massing of Indians forced a change in plans. "The Indians, in considerable numbers, have been assembled on a high hill about three miles distant ever since we encamped, about 4 p.m. until now, 7 p.m. when they have §etired. I shall look after them tomorrow, after my men have had a night's rest." ;. \ Form No 10300a (Rev 10 74) • • LJf',ITLD~TAH:.~ DLPARl ~ll:i'lTO~ 1 HI: 11'11 RIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NA TIONAL REGISTER OF IDSTORIC PLACES , ' DATE ENTERED" INVENTOR Y -- NOMINA TION FORM

CONTI NUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE 2 -- The Indians upon the bluff would have had an excellent position to command but Wright's men quickly drove them from the high ground on September 1. It has been suggested that the Indians were shocked to discover that Wright's men had long rifles, unlike the previous expedition under Steptoe. As the Indians retired down to the plain, Lieutenant Lawrence Kip, adjutant of the artillery batallion, described the scene: On the plain below us we saw the enemy. Every spot seemed alive with the wild warriors we had come so far to meet. They were in the pines on the edge of the lakes, in the raV1nes and gullies, on the opposite hillsides, and swarming over the plain. They seemed to cover the country for some two miles. Mounted on their fleet, hardy horses, the crowd swayed back and forth, brandishing their weapons, shouting their war cries, and keeping up a song of defiance. Most of them were armed with Hudson Bay muskets, while others had bows and arrows and long lances;. .. They were in all the bravery of their war array, gaudily painted and decorated with their wild trapp1ngs. Their plumes fluttered above them while below sk1ns and trinkets and all kinds of fan- tast1c embellishments flaunted in the sunshine. Their horses, \ too, were arrayed 1n the most glaring finery. Some were painted, and with colors to form the greatest contrast the white being I smeared w1th crimson 1n fantastic figures, and the dark colored streaked w1th white clay. Beads and fringes of guady colors were hanging from their bridles, while the plumes of eagle feathers, interwoven with the mane and tail, fluttered as the I breeze sweP over them, and completed their wild and fantastic appearance. 4 I The super10r fire power of Wr1ght's men proved pre-eminent as the battle moved to ! the plain. The howitzers and the newly developed minie balls broke up the Indian ! I tact1c of racing forward for a quick shot and retreat. The dragoons forced the . I Indians down the foothills onto the plain and finally into the hills beyond where- I upon the army retired from the field for the day. The battle had lasted four hours. I No soldier or mount was killed or even wounded; the tribes lost perhaps 20 men. In . I h1S reports Wr1ght would praise Captain John Mullan who commanded the friendly Nez Perce, Major Fr1er who drove the Indians onto the plain and many others, including ! some who had been on the d1sastrous Steptoe mission. I I Colonel Wright decided to rest his men for three days following the battle. During this idyll at Bassett Spr1ng the Nez Perce scouts could find no trace of the enemy. I But when march resumed on September 5, the warr10rs were observed to be following on I the right to the line of march. F1re was set to the tall grass and sniping continued I • I () • I) \ '. Form No 10300a (Rev 1074) u NinO s I A II:~ OLPAR 1 7>II:NT•O~ 1 HI: I Nl LRIOR FOR NPS •USE ONLY NA T10NAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NA TIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINA TION FORM DATE ENTERED

CONTI NUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE 3

throughout the day. Whenever a large concentration of Indians was noted the howitzers were fired; one cannonade achieved the result of dislodging a branch which fell on the head of Chief Kamiakin, the great Yakima leader who was the inspiration of the warring tribes. The disappearance of Kamiakin from battle discouraged the warriors; they finally retired completely from the fray. They had lost at least four chiefs and had been forced to destroy one village in the line of march to prevent sacking by the army. Only one of Wright's troopers had been wounded. This long drawn out fray from Four Lakes to the Spokane River was called the Battle of Spokane Plains; a marker stands in memorial near the present main entrance of Fairchild Air Force Base. Colonel George Wright was born October 21,1803 at Norwick, . He was a West Point graduate in the class of 1822 and served with the 3rd Artillery. In 1856 he became Commander of the Northern District of the Department of the Pacific. In 1864 he became Commander of the Department of Columbia at Fort Vancouver. While sailing north to carry Wright to his command with wife, a $200,00 payroll and staff, • the steamship Brother Jonathan sank off Crescent City, Oregon on July 30, 1965. Wright and his wife were found on the shore some fifty miles south. He and his staff were accorded military honors in Sacramento and San Francisco. Wright had been most tolerant of Indian dissatisfaction until the Steptoe disaster. His about face after that event may be explained by his fear of defeat and dismay at Steptoe's plight. Wright developed a tendency toward vituperative language that assaulted even the friendly Chief Spokan Garry. During the Battle of Four Lakes he permltted the Nez Perce to take scalps although the allied enemies did not mutilate the dead nor did prevalent army views encourage the practice. He slaughtered over 600 horses (at Horse Slaughter Camp near the Washington- line in the Spokane Valley) which almost brought his men to mutiny. He claimed philosophically that they belonged to the warring Palouse Chief Tilcose, although the brands on the horses indicated that they were jointly owned by other Indians and all herders were either young children or old women. Wrlght also hung a number of Palouse and Yakima warriors. This dismal event is memorialized in the local name for Latah Creek as Hangman Creek He took a number of hostages from the tribes in chains to Fort Vancouver. On the positive'side lt must be remembered that George Wright was criticized later for being too mild with Indians Although Wright hung a number of Indians he did . not persecute them by driving them off their lands. While Wright took hostages I he dld faithfully return them in one year as he had promised. Even the slaughter I of the horses may have been beneficial since it was so overwhelmingly incomprehen- I sible to the Indians that lt perhaps prevented further combat. I f ( \ Form No 10 300a (Rev 10-74) • • LJNITlD ~TA rl:~DlPARl ~lI:NT 01 THI: INll RIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NA TJONAl PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NA TIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -. NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED '

CONTI NUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE 4

Following the Indian hostilities, the spring and Wright's campsite were commonly used as a pasture for horses during the next 20 years by Spokane Indians. In 1872 the area became permanently settled by Wilbur Fiske Bassett and his family. Wilbur F. Bassett was an adventuresome man. Born in Washington, Connecticut in 1829, Bassett first set out west in 1849 via Cape Horn. Returning to the east, Bassett would come west several times: by the Isthmus of Panama, via Mexico and by the continental route. In 1860 with Captain E. D. Pierce in the wilderness of Idaho, Bassett saw the gleam of gold on a mountain stream. Pierce, Idaho is named for the leader of the expedition but Wilbur Fiske Bassett was responsible for the discovery of its mineral wealth. By 1871 Bassett had settled down slightly. He had a bride, Adelia lenora lewis, and had arrived in the Northwest. When S. B. Scranton and J. G. Downing aided by the blacksmith R. M. Benjamin decided to construct a mill on the Spokane Falls, they sent for Bassett. Bassett was undoubtedly the best millwright and carpenter available. He constructed the bUl1ding and all the machinery while Benjamin did the iron work. Adelia Bassett had one son, Herman Sherman (named in honor of the general), and a second child was expected when they arrived in 1871. She gave birth to a girl, Minnie Marie, who was claimed to be the first all white child born in Spokane. Despite the advantages of cheap land and a prosperous future in Spokane Falls, Bassett set out for a less crowded area. He homesteaded some 14 miles southwest of Spokane Falls, at a site that he, like Wright, called Four Lakes. Choosing the spring as the best farmland he constructed a small cabin near it. During the next two years three children were added to the family. 1875 was a disastrous year for the Bassett family. A fire destroyed their cabin and the toddler Minnie Marie Bassett fell into the spring and drowned. She is burled upon the hillside with two brothers. The graves have been cared for over the years a1thou9h their location lS well suited for plowing. Adelia Bassett dled of typhoid in 1887. Young Herman Sherman worked on Spokane papers for exnerience and was editor of the Harrington Citizen for many years. A distinguished pioneer, he was mayor of Wilbur, Washington and held many other honors. Wilbur Fiske Bassett died in the Grangeville area in 1895. He spent his I I last years panning for gold, earning enough for his support. I ,I The shifting conflicts between the eastern Washington Indlans and government troops I left few physical reminders; the battles were geographically protracted and ended r quickly. Bassett Sprlng lS an important site in one of the largest of the battles I since it provided an important logistical position for the forces of C~lonel Wright. Ii: :.! Form No 10 300a (Rev 10 74) UN ITlO sTA n.s OI:PARl ~IL"•T O~ 1 HI: IN-II RIOR FOR NPS USE•ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE , " ' RECEIVED " -/', ( NA TIONAL REGISTER OF mSTORIC PLACES v : *<:'" INVENTORY -- NOMINA TION FORM DATE ENTERED

CONTI NUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE 5

Used pre-historically and historically by the Indians of the region, it also was an important site in local history.

2 Becher. 3 Ibid. 4 Kip. Army Life on the Pacific, pp. 55-56

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Ii . It" Form No 10·300a IRev 1074) UNITLD ~TATb DLPARl :>ILi'oT•O~ 1 HL INlI RIOR FOR NPS USE•ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ,v ,>' ~-t '.,.. RECEIVED '2'>'; '<> .... , < -t , , -.., , NA TIONAL REGISTER OF lllSTORIC PLACES h,\3·;\'h '- , INVENTORY·· NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED

CONTI NUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 9 PAGE 2

Lawrence, Kip. 2nd Lieutenant, 3rd Artillery. Army Life on the Pacific, Redfield N.Y ., N.Y., 1859. Manring, Benjamin Franklin. The Conguest of the Coeur d'Alenes Spokane and Palouses, Inland Printlng, Spokane, Washington, 1912. Peltier, Jerome. Warbonnets and Epaulets, Payette Radio Ltd. Montreal, Canada, 1971.

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, , , I I i • !( I. . DMAJOR BIBLIOGRAP.aAL REFERENCES • Becker, Edmond T. Spokane Canoe Eras and Empires, C. W. Hill Printers 1974. Spokane, Washington. Hunt, Garret B. Indian Wars of the Inland Empire, Spokane Community College Library, circa 1908.

DnGEOGRAPHICALDATA ACREAGE OF NOMINATEO PROPERTY Less than one UTM REFERENCES

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LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES

STATE CODE COUNTY COOE

STATE CODE COUNTY CODE • mFORM PREPARED BY NAME! TiTlE

STREET & NUMBER TELEPHONE P.O. Box 1128 753-4117 CITY OR TOWN STATE Olympia Washington EmSTATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER CERTIFICATION THE EVALUATED SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS PROPERTY WITHIN THE STATE is

NATIONAL_ STATE-lL LOCAL __

As the designated State Histone Preservation Officer for the National Histone Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665) I hereby nominate thts property for mclusron 10 the National Register and certify that It has been evaluated according to the cntena and procedures set forth by the National Park Service A

STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER SIGNATURE ~

TiTLE State Conserva tor SeottemoerDATE 15, 1975

DIRECTOR. OFFICE OF ARCHEOLOGY AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION , . ',. An~ST' , •• . , • ,KEEPER OFTHE NATIONAL REGISTER' . . . .'.. . . '( " > ~ " . - - :CI'I!'"~"HItOaDt ~'-',.tr~~"('\UNmDSTATESDEPAIlTMEE:HEINTEIlIOll .... } 'If' •• , "' NA110NALPAM I' I J'~ .' • NA'nONAL REGISnm OF HISTORIC PLACES' PROPERTY MAP FORM

SEE INSTRUcnONS IN HOW TOCdIIPU7tRlilt1l&l1lU REGlSIERFORMS ______~TY-....:PE_A_L_LENIlUES - ~::;:A:..P _ DNAME HI8TlIIIIC Bassett Spri ng ,. AM)IQIIt "" liON .LOCATIONatY_ , STAll Four Likes Wlshington '. .. MAP REFERENCE , ., , ~. ICIUllCE , Four Likes QuId-+ "'-4,(..\ hAite.~~ DAft , > ,~ 1:24 000 1973 " , ,r• , > . , DREQUIRE:MENTS ., TO IE 'NCWDID ON AU IIAPS 1 PROPUTY IOUNDo\IlIEI 2 NORTH ARROW :I UTIlI RI!FUENCU , ",

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Form No 10 301a twev 10 j .J U NITLD ~TA TES DEPARTMENT 01 THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE SF', ')0 1~7J NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES RECEIVED PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM DATE ENTERED

SEE INSTRUCTiONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES ENCLOSE WITH PHOTOGRAPH DNAME

HISTORIC Bassett Spring ANDIOR CD\'1MQN

Ell LOCATION COUNTY STATE CITY TOWN -lLVICINITY OF Four Lakes Spokane Washington IJ PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREon O.o..TEOF PHOTO Jacob Thomas July. 1975 NEGATIVE FILED AT Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission IIIDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW DIRECTION ETC IF DISTAICT GIVE BUILDING NAME & STREET PHOTO NO View from 20 meters - Sprlng at center frame 2 of 2

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Form No 10 301a (Dev 107 .j UNITE!) ~T·\TES DEPARTMENT O~ THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY PHOTOGRAPH FORM DATE ENTERED

SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES ENCLOSE WITH PHOTOGRAPH DNAME

HISTORIC Bassett Spring AND/OR CO~MON

lEI r.ocx TION CITY TOWN ..JLVICINJTY OF COUNTY STATE Four Lakes Spokane Washington lEI PHOTO REFERENCE PHOTO CREDIT 0.<\1E OF PHOTO Jacob Thomas July, 1975 NEGATIVE FILED AT Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission IJ IDENTIFICATION DESCRIBE VIEW DIRECTION ETC IF DISTRICT GIVE BUILDING NAME & STREET PHOTO NO V~ew from the road 1 of 2 • •

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Form No 10-301 (Rev to-74) DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES PROPERTY MAP FORM

SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- ENCLOSE WITH MAP [I NAME

HISTORIC Bassett Spn ng ANDIOR COMMON

D LOCATION CITY TOWN LVICINITY OF COUNTY STATE Four Lakes Spokane Washlngton D MAP REFERENCE SOURCE Four Lakes Quad SCALE DATE 1 24 000 1973 D REQUIREMENTS TO BE INCLUOED ON ALL MAPS 1 PROPERTY BOUNDARIES 2 NORTH ARROW 3 UTM REFERENCES -,~~.~. , , '¥ •• ~'" ~ 11" ......

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SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NAtiONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES .- EN£LOSE WITH MAP • NAME HISTORIC Bassett Spring AND/OR COMMON

_LOCATION aTY TOWN LVlaNITY OF COUIITY STATE Four Lakes Spokane Washington

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