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557587 Bk Ifukubeeu 08/08/2005 13:04 Page 5 557587 bk IfukubeEU 08/08/2005 13:04 Page 5 8.557587 Akira Ifukube (geb.1914) Januar des darauffolgenden Jahres vom Indianapolis weitgehend ‚verfremdete’ Behandlung des Soloparts, Sinfonia Tapkaara • Ritmica Ostinata • Sinfonische Fantasie Nr. 1 Symphony Orchestra unter Fabien Sevitsky der eher an Instrumente wie Dulcimer oder Santur oder DDD uraufgeführt und ist seitdem vor allem in Japan häufig sogar Koto oder Biwa denken lässt. Von der Form her Akira Ifukube wurde 1914 in Kushiro auf der Insel Ifukube jedoch ein „Sonntagskomponist“ – seinen gespielt worden. Das mit dreifachem Holz, Harfe, ähnelt Ritmica Ostinata einem Rondo. Hokkaido in eine altehrwürdige japanische Familie Hauptberuf hatte er nach dem Studienabschluss als verschiedenen Schlaginstrumenten sowie Streichern Ifukube verdiente seinen Lebensunterhalt geboren, deren Stammbaum sich bis ins siebte Forstbeamter in den Bergen Hokkaidos gefunden. Nur besetzte Werk spielt in seinem Titel auf einen von den hauptsächlich mit pädagogischen Arbeiten und – vor Akira Jahrhundert zurückverfolgen lässt, als die ersten in den Abendstunden beschäftigte er sich mit Stammesältesten der Ainu bei Ritualen und Festen allem zwischen 1947 und 1970, aber gelegentlich auch namentlich erwähnten Vorfahren als Shintopriester am Musiktheorie und dem Studium von Partituren. aufgeführten Tanz an. Der erste Satz, dessen Schema noch danach – mit der Komposition von Filmmusiken. Ube-Schrein in Tottori wirkten. Die politischen und Nach dem 2. Weltkrieg begann Ifukube sich mit sich entfernt an der Sonatenform orientiert, beginnt mit Seine Regisseur-Partner waren u.a. Akira Kurosawa, IFUKUBE kulturellen Umwälzungen im Japan des neunzehnten dem Wechsel nach Tokio hauptberuflich der einer Lento molto überschriebenen Introduktion, aus der Mikio Naruse und Joseph von Sternberg. Zu den Jahrhunderts und der damit einhergehende kompositorischen Arbeit zu widmen. Viele seiner sich ein Allegro entwickelt, dessen zweites, von der Filmen, die Ifukube musikalisch betreute, zählen Machtverlust der Aristokratie zwangen Ifukubes japanischen Zeitgenossen hatten inzwischen bereits Trompete über Klarinette, Harfe und Streichern Streifen wie die weltberühmte Godzilla-Serie: Seine Sinfonia Tapkaara Großvater, seine Heimatregion zu verlassen und auf der damit begonnen, europäische Avantgarde-Techniken zu vorgestelltes Thema an ein primitives Wiegen- oder Sinfonische Fantasie Nr. 1 ist ein Konzertarrangement vergleichsweise zurückgebliebenen nördlichen Insel übernehmen. Ifukube hingegen verschloss sich dieser Kinderlied erinnert, wie es in der Ainu- und in Medley-Manier von solchen für diese Art von Ritmica Ostinata • Symphonic Fantasia No. 1 Hokkaido eine neue Existenz zu gründen. Dort lernte neuen Richtung und blieb den ethnischen Idiomen altjapanischen Musik vielfach begegnet. In der Horror- und Monsterfilmen entstandenen Soundtracks. Akira Ifukube später die Musik des einheimischen verpflichtet. Der Erfolg blieb nicht aus: Mit ihrem Durchführung (Andante) werden die beiden Themen in Das im August 1983 vom Sinfonieorchester Tokio unter Ekaterina Saranceva, Piano Ainu-Volksstammes und anderer, jüngerer Reichtum an multikulturellen Melodien und Rhythmen einem langsamen Marschtempo weiterentwickelt. Nach Yasuhiko Shiozawa uraufgeführte Werk ist seither in Siedlergruppen kennen. Der schulische Musikunterricht haben seine Arbeiten nicht nur die klassische kurzen Episoden im Solohorn und Solocello folgen ganz Japan gespielt worden. Die Introduktion basiert Russian Philharmonic Orchestra • Dmitry Yablonsky vermittelte ihm mittels Tonaufnahmen erste Eindrücke Musikszene Japans, sondern sogar die Popmusik des Reprise und Coda. Das dreiteilig angelegte Adagio auf dem Motiv der Erscheinung des Godzilla, wie es in der neuesten abendländischen Musik von u.a. Ravel und Landes entscheidend beeinflusst. Ifukube gilt als bedient sich in seinem ersten Thema japanischen den Godzilla-Filmen häufig begegnet. Es handelt sich Strawinsky, und es entstand in ihm der Wunsch, eines Kultfigur für all diejenigen, die am Primat der pentatonischen Tonleitern (Ryo, Ritsu, Miyako-bushi). dabei um einer Art grotesker chromatischer Musik unter Tages einen nordasiatischen Musikstil mit einer asiatischen Tradition innerhalb der modernen Ifukube beschreibt diesen Satz als Impression der Verwendung sämtlicher zwölf Halbtöne der Oktave. Es Synthese aus den ethnischen Klängen der Ainu mit der japanischen Musik festhalten. Seine von strengen nächtlichen Stille in Otofuke. Der dritte Satz, Vivace, folgen die Titelmusiken aus Godzilla, König der persönlichen Vorliebe für slawische Elemente zu Ostinati und repetitiven Mustern gekennzeichnete schildert mit der Verwendung des Tapkaara-Tanzes das Monster (1954) und King Kong gegen Godzilla (1962), entwickeln. Fasziniert im Besonderen von Strawinskys Kompositionstechnik lässt sich jedoch auch nach lebhafte Treiben eines Ainu-Festes. das Liebesthema aus Krieg im Weltenall (1959), das Sacre du printemps, begann er sich im Selbststudium minimalistischen oder post-minimalistischen Kriterien Ritmica Ostinata wurde 1961 vollendet und noch Varagon-Motiv aus Frankenstein gegen Varagon die Grundlagen der Kompositionslehre anzueignen. definieren. im selben Jahr vom Sinfonieorchester Tokio unter der (1965) und die Kriegsmusik aus Ghidrah (1964), in der 1935, während seines Studiums der Forstwirtschaft Ifukube lehrte in Tokio an der Universität für Stabführung Mosashi Uedas uraufgeführt; der Solist Godzilla durch das in der Introduktion verwendete an der kaiserlichen Universität Hokkaido, nahm Ifukube Schöne Künste und Musik und (als Dekan) an der war Yutaka Kanai. Die hier eingespielte revidierte Thema dargestellt wird und sein Gegenspieler, das mit seiner Japanischen Rhapsodie für großes Orchester Staatlichen Musikakademie. Zu seinen Schülern Fassung erklang erstmals 1972. Ifukube verwendet in Ungeheuer Radon, durch ein chromatisches Motiv der [Naxos 8.555071] am Tscherepnin-Wettbewerb teil, gehören Yasushi Akutagawa, Toshiro Mayuzumi, Akio diesem konzertanten Werk dieselbe Besetzung wie in Trompete. Nach einer Fanfare folgt der dessen Jury ihm den 1. Preis zuerkannte. Verbunden Yashiro, Teizo Matsumura, Sei Ikeno, Minoru Miki und seiner Sinfonia Tapkaara. Eines der vier Marschabschnitt, in dem der Marsch aus Krieg im war der Preis mit einem Kurzstudium bei Tscherepnin Maki Ishii. Zu Ifukubes Kompositionen zählen charakteristischen Merkmale, die die Werkgestalt Weltenall und sein quasi-pentatonisches Äquivalent aus in Yokohama. Die Welturaufführung der Rhapsodie Orchesterwerke, Kantaten, Ballettmusiken, prägen, ist die bereits im Titel vorgezeichnete dem Streifen Zerstört alle Monster miteinander spielte 1936 das Boston People’s Orchestra unter der Kammermusik, Stücke für Klavier und Gitarre, Musik Ostinatotechnik. Weitere Kennzeichen sind ein verwoben werden. Leitung des Koussevitsky-Neffen Fabien Sevitsky. für altjapanische Instrumente, Lieder auf hexatonisches Skalenmuster (die potentielle Basis für 1938 erhielt Ifukube beim Internationalen Festival für nordjapanische Volksweisen und an die dreihundert pan-pentatonische bzw. pan-asiatische Musik und eine zeitgenössische Musik in Venedig für seine Filmmusiken. Neben seiner kompositorischen Arbeit mögliche Verbindung von Penta- und Heptatonik, von Gekürzte Fassung eines Beitrags Klaviersuite einen weiteren begehrten Preis, und hat sich Ifukube auch mit musikwissenschaftlichen Orient und Okzident), die häufige Verwendung eines an von Morihide Katayama europäische und amerikanische Verlage begannen sich Veröffentlichungen einen Namen gemacht. literarische Vorbilder angelehnten Vierer- bzw. für seine Werke zu interessieren. Vorläufig blieb Die 1954 vollendete Sinfonia Tapkaara wurde im Siebener-Metrums, und schließlich eine pianistisch Deutsche Übersetzung: Bernd Delfs 8.557587 56 8.557587 557587 bk IfukubeEU 08/08/2005 13:04 Page 2 year by the Indianapolis Symphony Orchestra under pentatonic and heptatonic scales, Orient and Occident. Ekaterina Saranceva Akira Ifukube (b.1914) Sevitzky. The work was later revised and the new The third feature is the frequent use of metres of five Sinfonia Tapkaara • Ritmica Ostinata • Symphonic Fantasia No. 1 version was first given in Tokyo in April 1980, with and seven beats, reflecting literary tradition, and the The pianist Ekaterina Saranceva was born in 1962 and started her musical studies at the age of five at the Moscow Yasushi Akutagawa and the New Symphony Orchestra. fourth is the non-pianistic treatment of the solo part, Central Music School, continuing thereafter at the Moscow State Conservatory. In 1984 she won first prize among Akira Ifukube was born in 1914 in Hokkaido into a and living in the deep mountains of Hokkaido. He read It has since been played widely in Japan. It is scored for suggesting the dulcimer or the santur, or even the koto a field of 52 competitors from nineteen different countries at the Montreal International Piano Competition, family whose ancestry could be traced back at least to about musical theories and studied scores, composing triple wind, harp, varied percussion and strings. and biwa. The work is in a form suggesting a rondo, winning the first prize in the same year at the International Competition for Radio Recordings in Bratislava. Her the seventh century, serving as hereditary Shinto priests only at night lit by the lamp in his hut. His way of life Tapkaara denotes a dance style of the Ainu, danced by with an Allegro framing slower sections. career has brought appearances in Russia and in
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