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The Six Pillars of Eman

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The Six Pillars of Eman The Six Pillars Of Ēmān Based upon the principle of Ahl us Sunnah wal Jama’ah Compiled by Abū Muhammad al-Muslim This treatise was compiled from The Book of Ēmān according to the classical works of Shiekh al-Islām Ibn Taymiyyah by Dr Muhammad Na’im Ya-sin Any enquires please contact: [email protected] CONTENTS Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………….3 The Six pillars of faith………………………………………………………………………………...4 Chapter 1: Belief in Allāh…………………………………………………………………………….5 Chapter 2: Belief in the Angels……………………………………………………………………..21 Chapter 3: Belief in the Books……………………………………………………………………...33 Chapter 4: Belief in the Messengers……………………………………………………………….38 Chapter 5: Belief in the Day of Judgment………………………………………………………...47 Chapter 6: Belief in Al-Qadā wal Qadar (Divine Decree)……………………………………....75 2 INTRODUCTION In the Name of Allāh, The Most Gracious, The Most Merciful Indeed, all praise belongs to Allāh. We praise Him and we seek His Support and His Forgiveness. We seek refuge with Allāh from the evil of ourselves, and from the evil of our actions. Whomsoever Allāh guides, none can misguide and whomsoever Allāh misguides (and leaves to be misguided), none can guide. We testify that there is no one worthy of worship except Allāh and we testify that the Messenger Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allāh be upon him) is His last and final Messenger. “O you who believe! Fear Allāh (by doing all that He has ordered and by abstaining from all that He has forbidden) as He should be feared. [Obey Him, be thankful to Him, and remember Him always], and die not except in a state of Islām (as Muslims) with complete submission to Allāh.” [1] “O mankind! Be dutiful to your Lord, Who created you from a single person (Adam), and from him (Adam) He created his wife [Hawwa (Eve)], and from them both He created many men and women and fear Allāh through Whom you demand your mutual (rights), and (do not cut the relations of) the wombs (kinship). Surely, Allāh is Ever an All Watcher over you.” [2] “O you who believe! Keep your duty to Allāh and fear Him, and speak (always) the truth. He will direct you to do righteous good deeds and will forgive you your sins. And whosoever obeys Allāh and His Messenger [Muhammad] he has indeed achieved a great achievement (i.e. he will be saved from the Hell-fire and made to enter Paradise).” [3] To proceed, the best of speech is Allāh’s Speech; the best of guidance is Prophet Muhammad’s (peace and blessings of Allāh be upon him) guidance; and the worst matters (in creed or worship) are those innovated (by the people), for every innovated matter is a bid’āh (prohibited innovation), and every bid’āh is an act of misguidance that will reside in the Fire. __________________________________________________ [1] Qur’ān Chapter 3 : 102 [2] Qur’ān Chapter 4 : 1 [3] Qur’ān Chapter 33 : 70 - 71 3 THE SIX PILLARS OF FAITH Allāh the All Mighty says: “O you who believe! Believe in Allāh, and His Messenger [Muhammad], and the Book (the Qur’ān) which He has sent down to His Messenger, and the Scripture which He sent down to those before (him), and whosoever disbelieves in Allāh, His Angels, His Books, His Messengers, and the Last Day, then indeed he has strayed far away” [1] “It is not Al-Birr (piety, righteousness, and each and every act of obedience to Allāh, etc.) that you turn your faces towards east and (or) west (in prayers); but Al-Birr is (the quality of) the one who believes in Allāh, the Last Day, the Angels, the Book, the Prophets.” [2] When the Angel Jibraīl came to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allāh be upon him) disguised as a Bedouin and asked him about Islām, Ēmān (faith) and Ihsān (perfection of faith), the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allāh be upon him) said about Ēmān (faith): “(It means) the belief in (1) Allāh (2) His Angels (3) His Books (4) His Messengers (5) and the Last Day; and (6) belief in Al Qadā wal Qadar (Divine Pre-ordainment) good or bad” [3] These then are the six pillars of Ēmān (faith). They are the principles and foundations with which the messengers were sent and for which the divine scriptures were revealed. The faith of any person is incomplete without his belief in all of them, in the way and manner indicated in the Qur’ān and the Sunnah of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allāh be upon him). Whoever denies any of those six truths places himself outside the boundaries of faith and becomes a Kāfir (disbeliever). __________________________________________________ [1] Qur’ān Chapter 4 : 136 [2] Qur’ān Chapter 2 : 177 [3] Sahīh Muslim, Vol. 1 Pg 157 on the authority of Umar al-Khattāb 4 CHAPTER 1: BELIEF IN ALLĀH Belief in Allāh is also known as His Tawhīd (Oneness) and is simply the testimony ‘lā ilāha illallāh (there is none worthy of worship except Allāh)’. Belief in Allāh or Tawhīd is composed of two obligations which must be fulfilled in order for someone to be considered a Muslim. One of them cannot be established without the other. These obligations can be deduced from the testimony itself: Lā ilāha (there is none worthy of worship) Illallāh (except Allāh) This is the rejection of the worship, submission, This is the affirmation of the worship, submission, obedience and following of all Tawaghīt (false gods) obedience and following of Allāh alone Furthermore, Allāh says; “Verily, the Right Path has become clear from the wrong path. Whoever rejects Tāghūt and believes in Allāh, then he has grasped the most trustworthy handhold that will never break…” [1] This above verse makes it clear that there can be no Ēmān without rejection of Tāghūt (all false deities), and then believing in Allāh as the only object of worship. Hence, the two obligations are: (a) First Obligation: Al kufr bit-tāghūt, to reject all Tāghūt (false gods/lords) and; (b) Second Obligation: Al Ēmān billāh, to affirm belief in Allāh. __________________________________________________ [1] Qur’ān Chapter 2 : 256 5 FIRST OBLIGATION OF TAWHĪD: AL KUFR BIT-TĀGHŪT What is the Tāghūt? According to the scholars of Ahl us Sunnah wal Jama'ah, the Tāghūt is defined as anything which is worshipped, obeyed, submitted to, or followed instead of Allāh whilst consenting to it [3] . This may include Shaytān, idols, stones, sun, stars, angels, or even human beings. Likewise saints, graves, rulers and leaders, other ruling systems besides Islām may also be falsely worshipped and made into Tāghūt. The Tāghūt are many, however, the following are the heads of Tāghūt: 1) The Shaytān (Satan) He is the head of the Tāghūt and the one who calls to the obedience, worshipping or following of others besides Allāh. The evidence for this is the saying of Allāh; “Did I not ordain for you, O Children of Adam, that you should not worship Shaytān (Satan). Verily, he is a plain enemy to you.” [4] 2) The leader/judge who introduces a law which contradicts the just Shariāh (Law) of Allāh Just to introduce a single law in contradiction to the Law of Allāh is enough to make such an individual a Tāghūt (false lord). This is because; Tashrī (legislating) is a Unique Attribute of Allāh. Hence, this individual is a false lord like Fir’aun (Pharaoh) and guilty of a major form of shirk as he has set himself as a partner to Allāh. The evidence for this is: “Or have they partners with Allāh (false gods), who have permitted for them a deen (law, way of life or religion) which Allāh has not allowed.” [5] 3) The leader/judge who rules/judges with laws contradictory to the just Shariāh of Allāh This individual becomes a Tāghūt (false lord) because ruling/ judging is another Unique Attribute of Allāh. “…and He makes none to share in His Decision and His Rule.” [6] “Have you seen those (hypocrites) who claim that they believe in that which has been sent down to you, and that which was sent down before you, and they wish to go for judgment (in their disputes) to the Tāghūt while they have been ordered to reject them. But Shaytān (Satan) wishes to lead them far astray. ” [7] __________________________________________________ [2] Tafsīr Ibn Kathir [3] See: Ibn Taymiyah, Fatwa 28/200; I'lām ul Muwaqqi'īn Pg. 50 by Ibn al-Qayyim and Kitāb Tawhīd by Sheikh Muhammad bin Abdul Wahhab for the definition of Tāghūt. [4] Qur’ān Chapter 36 : 60 [5] Qur’ān Chapter 42 : 21 [6] Qur’ān Chapter 18 : 26 [7] Qur’ān Chapter 4 : 60 6 4) The one who claims to have knowledge of the Unseen That is, the one who claims to have knowledge of the unseen or propagates the knowledge of the unseen from other than what Allāh has relayed to us from the Qur’ān and the Sunnah is a Tāghūt. This is because, none knows the unseen except Allāh and He has relayed as much as He wishes to us through His Prophets. “(He Alone) the All-Knower of the Ghā'ib (unseen), and He reveals to none His Ghā'ib (unseen). Except to a Messenger (from mankind) whom He has chosen (He informs him of unseen as much as He likes)” [8] 5) The one who is content to be worshipped That is, the one who is content to have any act of worship (i.e. supplication, prostration, bowing etc) directed to himself instead of Allāh is a Tāghūt (false god). This is because; worship is for Allāh alone.
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