Warrnambool Plant List V,K,E = Conservation Status * = Introduced
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Plant Common Name Scientific Name Description of Plant Picture of Plant
Plant common name Description of Plant Picture of Plant Scientific name Strangler Fig The Strangler Fig begins life as a small vine-like plant Ficus thonningii that climbs the nearest large tree and then thickens, produces a branching set of buttressing aerial roots, and strangles its host tree. An easy way to tell the difference between Strangle Figs and other common figs is that the bottom half of the Strangler is gnarled and twisted where it used to be attached to its host, the upper half smooth. A common tree on kopjes and along rivers in Serengeti; two massive Fig trees near Serengeti; the "Tree Where Man was Born" in southern Loliondo, and the "Ancestor Tree" near Endulin, in Ngorongoro are significant for the local Maasai peoples. Wild Date Palm Palms are monocotyledons, the veins in their leaves Phoenix reclinata are parallel and unbranched, and are thus relatives of grasses, lilies, bananas and orchids. The wild Date Palm is the most common of the native palm trees, occurring along rivers and in swamps. The fruits are edible, though horrible tasting, while the thick, sugary sap is made into Palm wine. The tree offers a pleasant, softly rustling, fragrant-smelling shade; the sort of shade you will need to rest in if you try the wine. Candelabra The Candelabra tree is a common tree in the western Euphorbia and Northern parts of Serengeti. Like all Euphorbias, Euphorbia the Candelabra breaks easily and is full of white, candelabrum extremely toxic latex. One drop of this latex can blind or burn the skin. -
Swan and Helena Rivers Management Framework Heritage Audit and Statement of Significance • FINAL REPORT • 26 February 2009
Swan and Helena Rivers Management Framework Heritage Audit and Statement of Significance • FINAL REPORT • 26 FEbRuARy 2009 REPORT CONTRIBUTORS: Alan Briggs Robin Chinnery Laura Colman Dr David Dolan Dr Sue Graham-Taylor A COLLABORATIVE PROJECT BY: Jenni Howlett Cheryl-Anne McCann LATITUDE CREATIVE SERVICES Brooke Mandy HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION PROFESSIONALS Gina Pickering (Project Manager) NATIONAL TRUST (WA) Rosemary Rosario Alison Storey Prepared FOR ThE EAsTERN Metropolitan REgIONAL COuNCIL ON bEhALF OF Dr Richard Walley OAM Cover image: View upstream, near Barker’s Bridge. Acknowledgements The consultants acknowledge the assistance received from the Councillors, staff and residents of the Town of Bassendean, Cities of Bayswater, Belmont and Swan and the Eastern Metropolitan Regional Council (EMRC), including Ruth Andrew, Dean Cracknell, Sally De La Cruz, Daniel Hanley, Brian Reed and Rachel Thorp; Bassendean, Bayswater, Belmont and Maylands Historical Societies, Ascot Kayak Club, Claughton Reserve Friends Group, Ellis House, Foreshore Environment Action Group, Friends of Ascot Waters and Ascot Island, Friends of Gobba Lake, Maylands Ratepayers and Residents Association, Maylands Yacht Club, Success Hill Action Group, Urban Bushland Council, Viveash Community Group, Swan Chamber of Commerce, Midland Brick and the other community members who participated in the heritage audit community consultation. Special thanks also to Anne Brake, Albert Corunna, Frances Humphries, Leoni Humphries, Oswald Humphries, Christine Lewis, Barry McGuire, May McGuire, Stephen Newby, Fred Pickett, Beverley Rebbeck, Irene Stainton, Luke Toomey, Richard Offen, Tom Perrigo and Shelley Withers for their support in this project. The views expressed in this document are the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the EMRC. -
Euphorbiaceae
Botanische Bestimmungsübungen 1 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae (Wolfsmilchgewächse) 1 Systematik und Verbreitung Die Euphorbiaceae gehören zu den Eudikotyledonen (Kerneudikotyledonen > Superrosiden > Rosiden > Fabiden). Innerhalb dieser wird die Familie zur Ordnung der Malpighiales (Malpighienartige) gestellt. Die Euphorbiaceae umfassen rund 230 Gattungen mit ca. 6.000 Arten. Sie werden in 4 Unterfamilien gegliedert: 1. Cheilosoideae, 2. Acalyphoideae, 3. Crotonoideae und 4. Euphorbioideae sowie in 6 Triben unterteilt. Die Familie ist überwiegend tropisch verbreitet mit einem Schwerpunkt im indomalaiischen Raum und in den neuweltlichen Tropen. Die Gattung Euphorbia (Wolfsmilch) ist auch in außertropischen Regionen wie z. B. dem Mittelmeerraum, in Südafrika sowie in den südlichen USA häufig. Heimisch ist die Familie mit Mercurialis (Bingelkraut; 2 Arten) und Euphorbia (Wolfsmilch; 20-30 Arten) vertreten. Abb. 1: Verbreitungskarte. 2 Morphologie 2.1 Habitus Die Familie ist sehr vielgestaltig. Es handelt sich um ein- und mehrjährige krautige Pflanzen, Halbsträucher, Sträucher bis große Bäume oder Sukkulenten. Besonders in S-Afrika und auf den Kanarischen Inseln kommen auf hitzebelasteten Trockenstandorten zahlreiche kakteenartige stammsukkulente Arten vor, die in den Sprossachsen immens viel Wasser speichern können. © PD DR. VEIT M. DÖRKEN, Universität Konstanz, FB Biologie Botanische Bestimmungsübungen 2 Euphorbiaceae Abb. 2: Lebensformen; entweder einjährige (annuelle) oder ausdauernde (perennierende) krautige Pflanzen, aber auch viele Halbsträucher, -
Chrysanthemoides Monilifera Ssp
MANAGEMENT OF BONESEED (CHRYSANTHEMOIDES MONILIFERA SSP. MONILIFERA) (L.) T. NORL. USING FIRE, HERBICIDES AND OTHER TECHNIQUES IN AUSTRALIAN WOODLANDS Rachel L. Melland Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Agriculture, Food and Wine University of Adelaide August 2007 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................................... II ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ VI DECLARATION ................................................................................................................ VIII ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. IX CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 1.1 AIMS OF THIS THESIS .......................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................... 5 2.1 PROCESSES OF NATIVE ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION ............................................................ 5 2.2 GLOBAL PLANT INVASIONS – ECOSYSTEM DEGRADING PROCESSES .................................... 6 2.3 THE ENVIRONMENTAL WEED PROBLEM IN AUSTRALIA ..................................................... 10 2.4 CAUSES AND PROCESSES OF INVASIVENESS ..................................................................... -
Euphorbia Subg
ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ НАУКИ БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ ИМ. В.Л. КОМАРОВА РОССИЙСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ НАУК На правах рукописи Гельтман Дмитрий Викторович ПОДРОД ESULA РОДА EUPHORBIA (EUPHORBIACEAE): СИСТЕМА, ФИЛОГЕНИЯ, ГЕОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ 03.02.01 — ботаника ДИССЕРТАЦИЯ на соискание ученой степени доктора биологических наук САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГ 2015 2 Оглавление Введение ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Глава 1. Род Euphorbia и основные проблемы его систематики ......................................... 9 1.1. Общая характеристика и систематическое положение .......................................... 9 1.2. Краткая история таксономического изучения и формирования системы рода ... 10 1.3. Основные проблемы систематики рода Euphorbia и его подрода Esula на рубеже XX–XXI вв. и пути их решения ..................................................................................... 15 Глава 2. Материал и методы исследования ........................................................................... 17 Глава 3. Построение системы подрода Esula рода Euphorbia на основе молекулярно- филогенетического подхода ...................................................................................................... 24 3.1. Краткая история молекулярно-филогенетического изучения рода Euphorbia и его подрода Esula ......................................................................................................... 24 3.2. Результаты молекулярно-филогенетического -
City of Cape Town | Table Bay Nature Reserve | Quarterly Report | January to March 2014 1
This quarterly report summarises the activities of the Biodiversity Management Branch at the Table Bay Nature Reserve for the period from 1 January to 31 March 2014. CONTENTS PAGE 1 AREA MANAGER’S SECTION 2 2 HIGHLIGHTS AND CHALLENGES 3 3 BIODIVERSITY MANAGEMENT 4 4 NATURE CONSERVATION 6 5 WATER MANAGEMENT 8 6 FIRE MANAGEMENT 9 7 COMPLIANCE MANAGEMENT 9 8 PEOPLE AND CONSERVATION 10 9 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 13 10 VISITORS AND INCOME 14 11 INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT 16 12 FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 16 Appendix A: Press articles 17 Appendix B: Species lists 22 Figure 1. BirdLife SA's Important Bird Area (IBA) sign near the Rietvlei Education Centre. City of Cape Town | Table Bay Nature Reserve | Quarterly Report | January to March 2014 1 1 AREA MANAGER’S SECTION 1.1 Typha capensis (bulrush) reeds Numerous communications have been received from neighbours around the Table Bay Nature Reserve about Typha capensis (bulrush) reeds and the seeds that they release during February and March. From the 1950s to 1980s there were several drastic alterations to the hydrology of the wetlands in the Table Bay area, including major excavations and dredging, construction of major roads and railways, and the development of residential and industrial areas. Today these developments and roads act as drainage impoundments. Surface storm-water runoff and treated wastewater effluent is directed into the natural areas. This is changing the dynamic seasonal and temporary wetlands into more static nutrient-enriched permanent water areas. As a result of this urbanisation, elevated water and nutrient levels are more likely to persist throughout the Rietvlei wetland system. -
Pollination Ecology and Evolution of Epacrids
Pollination Ecology and Evolution of Epacrids by Karen A. Johnson BSc (Hons) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Tasmania February 2012 ii Declaration of originality This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma by the University or any other institution, except by way of background information and duly acknowledged in the thesis, and to the best of my knowledge and belief no material previously published or written by another person except where due acknowledgement is made in the text of the thesis, nor does the thesis contain any material that infringes copyright. Karen A. Johnson Statement of authority of access This thesis may be made available for copying. Copying of any part of this thesis is prohibited for two years from the date this statement was signed; after that time limited copying is permitted in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. Karen A. Johnson iii iv Abstract Relationships between plants and their pollinators are thought to have played a major role in the morphological diversification of angiosperms. The epacrids (subfamily Styphelioideae) comprise more than 550 species of woody plants ranging from small prostrate shrubs to temperate rainforest emergents. Their range extends from SE Asia through Oceania to Tierra del Fuego with their highest diversity in Australia. The overall aim of the thesis is to determine the relationships between epacrid floral features and potential pollinators, and assess the evolutionary status of any pollination syndromes. The main hypotheses were that flower characteristics relate to pollinators in predictable ways; and that there is convergent evolution in the development of pollination syndromes. -
Characterization of Callus Formation in Leaf of Euphorbia Helioscopia
African Journal of Plant Science Vol. 3 (6), pp. 122-126, June, 2009 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJPS ISSN 1996-0824 © 2009 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Characterization of callus formation in leaf of Euphorbia helioscopia Zi-Song Yang1,3, Guang-Deng Chen2,3*, Yun-Xiang Li2,3 and Jiao Chen2,3 1Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Aba Teachers College, Pixian, 611741, People’s Republic of China. 2College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, 637009, People’s Republic of China. 3Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (China West Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanchong, 637009, People’s Republic of China. Accepted 11 June, 2009 The callus was induced on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlo- rophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) from the Chinese medicinal herb Euphorbia helioscopia in the family Euphorbiaceae. The highest frequencies of callus induction were observed on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 mg l-1 2,4-D. Callus (yellow, loose, granular) was chosen as research focus in the long-term callus maintenance, the proliferation coefficient could still hold about 10 after subcultured 5 turns. Histological analysis was done to reveal the developmental pattern of callus formation. Detailed analysis revealed induction of leaf yielded many endogenous eumeristematic cells which were still embedded in the parenchymatic tissue. Key words: Euphorbia helioscopia, callus induction, callus maintenance, histological, developmental pattern. INTRODUCTION Euphorbia helioscopia is an important Chinese medicinal of the genus, plants of E. helioscopia secreted copious herb species in the family Euphorbiaceae. -
Stormwater Connections to Natural Waterways Rouse Hill Development Area
Stormwater connections to natural waterways Rouse Hill Development Area Overview What This guide explains what you need to do when building a stormwater connection into Sydney Water’s natural open channel waterways in the Rouse Hill Development Area (RHDA). We allow stormwater connections that ensure: stable transition from a constructed drainage system to the natural waterway sustainable water quality management restoration of vegetation following construction. Who This guide applies to owners and developers proposing to build a stormwater pipe connecting to a waterway owned or managed by Sydney Water in the RHDA. This applies to connection proposals for residential, commercial, industrial and other government agencies (e.g. Roads and Maritime Services) developments. Why Construction of stormwater connections to natural waterways affects the waterway and the riparian corridor. This guide ensures that owners and developers design and construct stormwater connections to a safe and sustainable standard by: minimising the number of uncontrolled stormwater discharges ensuring new stormwater connections cause minimal environmental impact to the waterway and its water quality restoring and maintaining disturbed waterfront and riparian vegetation following construction activities. Document current at 31 July 2014 Page 1 Sydney Water – Stormwater connections to natural waterways – Rouse Hill Development Area Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Approval requirements 3 Connecting to any waterway 3 Connecting to a Sydney Water waterway 3 3. Stormwater connection design 4 Point of connection 4 Drainage system 4 Outlet headwall 5 Asset ownership 6 4. Land and vegetation restoration 7 5. Submission requirements 9 6. Design drawings 10 Headwall setback from creek channel – montage 10 Headwall setback from creek channel – plan 11 Headwall setback from creek channel – elevation 12 Headwall setback from creek channel – section 13 Soil horizons – montage 14 Appropriate revegetation – plan and section elevation 15 7. -
Checklist Das Spermatophyta Do Estado De São Paulo, Brasil
Biota Neotrop., vol. 11(Supl.1) Checklist das Spermatophyta do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil Maria das Graças Lapa Wanderley1,10, George John Shepherd2, Suzana Ehlin Martins1, Tiago Egger Moellwald Duque Estrada3, Rebeca Politano Romanini1, Ingrid Koch4, José Rubens Pirani5, Therezinha Sant’Anna Melhem1, Ana Maria Giulietti Harley6, Luiza Sumiko Kinoshita2, Mara Angelina Galvão Magenta7, Hilda Maria Longhi Wagner8, Fábio de Barros9, Lúcia Garcez Lohmann5, Maria do Carmo Estanislau do Amaral2, Inês Cordeiro1, Sonia Aragaki1, Rosângela Simão Bianchini1 & Gerleni Lopes Esteves1 1Núcleo de Pesquisa Herbário do Estado, Instituto de Botânica, CP 68041, CEP 04045-972, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 2Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP, CP 6109, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brasil 3Programa Biota/FAPESP, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas – UNICAMP, CP 6109, CEP 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brasil 4Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar, Rod. João Leme dos Santos, Km 110, SP-264, Itinga, CEP 18052-780, Sorocaba, SP, Brasil 5Departamento de Botânica – IBUSP, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, Rua do Matão, 277, CEP 05508-090, Cidade Universitária, Butantã, São Paulo, SP, Brasil 6Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana – UEFS, Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, CEP 44036-900, Feira de Santana, BA, Brasil 7Universidade Santa Cecília – UNISANTA, R. Dr. Oswaldo Cruz, 266, Boqueirão, CEP 11045-907, -
Flora of Moreton Island
Flora of Moreton Island Mangroves & Mangroves Saltmarsh Foredunes Seepage Areas Headland communities & Melaleuca swamp assoc. communities Sedgelands heath Wet & closed Dry heath scrubs woodlands Grassy and Open forests woodlands shrubby sites Disturbed Growth form Dicotyledons . Aizoaceae C Carpobrotus glaucescens pigface herb C Sesuvium portulacastrum sea purslane herb C Tetragonia tetragonioides New Zealand spinach herb Amaranthaceae C Achyranthes aspera chaff-flower herb * Alternanthera pungens khaki weed, bindi herb * Amaranthus viridis green amaranth herb Anacardiaceae * Schinus terebinthifolius broad-leaved pepper low tree Apiaceae C Apium prostratum var. sea celery herb prostratum C Centella asiatica pennywort herb 1 Flora of Moreton Island Mangroves & Mangroves Saltmarsh Foredunes Seepage Areas Headland communities & Melaleuca swamp assoc. communities Sedgelands heath Wet & closed Dry heath scrubs woodlands Grassy and Open forests woodlands shrubby sites Disturbed Growth form C Hydrocotyle acutiloba pennywort herb * Hydrocotyle bonariensis pennywort herb C Platysace ericoides heath platysace herb C Xanthosia pilosa woolly xanthosia herb Apocynaceae * Catharanthus roseus pink periwinkle shrub * Nerium oleander oleander tall shrub C Parsonsia straminea monkey rope climber Araliaceae C Astrotricha glabra low shrub C Astrotricha longifolia star hair bush low shrub * Schefflera actinophylla umbrella tree low tree Asclepiadaceae * Asclepias curassavica red head cotton bush low shrub C Cynanchum carnosum -
The Evolutionary Fate of Rpl32 and Rps16 Losses in the Euphorbia Schimperi (Euphorbiaceae) Plastome Aldanah A
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN The evolutionary fate of rpl32 and rps16 losses in the Euphorbia schimperi (Euphorbiaceae) plastome Aldanah A. Alqahtani1,2* & Robert K. Jansen1,3 Gene transfers from mitochondria and plastids to the nucleus are an important process in the evolution of the eukaryotic cell. Plastid (pt) gene losses have been documented in multiple angiosperm lineages and are often associated with functional transfers to the nucleus or substitutions by duplicated nuclear genes targeted to both the plastid and mitochondrion. The plastid genome sequence of Euphorbia schimperi was assembled and three major genomic changes were detected, the complete loss of rpl32 and pseudogenization of rps16 and infA. The nuclear transcriptome of E. schimperi was sequenced to investigate the transfer/substitution of the rpl32 and rps16 genes to the nucleus. Transfer of plastid-encoded rpl32 to the nucleus was identifed previously in three families of Malpighiales, Rhizophoraceae, Salicaceae and Passiforaceae. An E. schimperi transcript of pt SOD-1- RPL32 confrmed that the transfer in Euphorbiaceae is similar to other Malpighiales indicating that it occurred early in the divergence of the order. Ribosomal protein S16 (rps16) is encoded in the plastome in most angiosperms but not in Salicaceae and Passiforaceae. Substitution of the E. schimperi pt rps16 was likely due to a duplication of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial-targeted rps16 resulting in copies dually targeted to the mitochondrion and plastid. Sequences of RPS16-1 and RPS16-2 in the three families of Malpighiales (Salicaceae, Passiforaceae and Euphorbiaceae) have high sequence identity suggesting that the substitution event dates to the early divergence within Malpighiales.