Swan and Helena Rivers Management Framework Heritage Audit and Statement of Significance • FINAL REPORT • 26 February 2009
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Swan and Helena Rivers Management Framework Heritage Audit and Statement of Significance • FINAL REPORT • 26 FEbRuARy 2009 REPORT CONTRIBUTORS: Alan Briggs Robin Chinnery Laura Colman Dr David Dolan Dr Sue Graham-Taylor A COLLABORATIVE PROJECT BY: Jenni Howlett Cheryl-Anne McCann LATITUDE CREATIVE SERVICES Brooke Mandy HERITAGE AND CONSERVATION PROFESSIONALS Gina Pickering (Project Manager) NATIONAL TRUST (WA) Rosemary Rosario Alison Storey Prepared FOR ThE EAsTERN Metropolitan REgIONAL COuNCIL ON bEhALF OF Dr Richard Walley OAM Cover image: View upstream, near Barker’s Bridge. Acknowledgements The consultants acknowledge the assistance received from the Councillors, staff and residents of the Town of Bassendean, Cities of Bayswater, Belmont and Swan and the Eastern Metropolitan Regional Council (EMRC), including Ruth Andrew, Dean Cracknell, Sally De La Cruz, Daniel Hanley, Brian Reed and Rachel Thorp; Bassendean, Bayswater, Belmont and Maylands Historical Societies, Ascot Kayak Club, Claughton Reserve Friends Group, Ellis House, Foreshore Environment Action Group, Friends of Ascot Waters and Ascot Island, Friends of Gobba Lake, Maylands Ratepayers and Residents Association, Maylands Yacht Club, Success Hill Action Group, Urban Bushland Council, Viveash Community Group, Swan Chamber of Commerce, Midland Brick and the other community members who participated in the heritage audit community consultation. Special thanks also to Anne Brake, Albert Corunna, Frances Humphries, Leoni Humphries, Oswald Humphries, Christine Lewis, Barry McGuire, May McGuire, Stephen Newby, Fred Pickett, Beverley Rebbeck, Irene Stainton, Luke Toomey, Richard Offen, Tom Perrigo and Shelley Withers for their support in this project. The views expressed in this document are the views of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the EMRC. All images featured in this report were photographed by Gina Pickering unless otherwise stated. Contents Executive Summary ................................... i 7.0 Natural Heritage Values ...............27 10.0 Oral Histories ...............................43 7.1 Geological Heritage 27 10.1 Oral history assets 43 1.0 Introduction to the Report .............1 7.2 Formation of the Swan 11.0 Consultation ................................45 1.1 Preamble 1 and Helena Rivers 27 1.2 The Brief 1 7.3 Landscape Attributes 28 11.1 Community Consultation 45 1.3 The study area 1 7.4 Bushland Values 28 11.2 Non-Indigenous Consultation 1.4 Heritage listings 1 7.5 Fragile Vegetation 28 Process 45 1.5 Method 2 7.6 Habitat Values 29 11.2.1 Table of Consultation Sessions 45 7.7 Biodiversity 29 1.6 Thematic approach 2 11.2.2 Outcomes 45 7.8 Acid Sulphate Soils 30 1.7 Report format 3 11.2.3 A Recreational Focus 46 1.8 Limitations 3 7.9 Natural Vegetation 31 7.10 Comparative analysis 31 11.2.4 Table of Typical Recreational 2.0 Statement of Significance ..............4 Activities 46 8.0 Aboriginal Values .........................32 11.2.5 Excerpts from Oral Histories 46 3.0 A Summary of Recommendations ..6 8.1 Audit of Registered Aboriginal 11.3 Aboriginal Consultation 47 Sites 32 11.3.1 A Response to Proposed Trails 47 4.0 A Defined Study Area ....................8 8.2 Aboriginal Themes 33 11.3.2 Nyoongar Consultations Transcripts 48 9.0 Historic Values .............................34 4.1 Indicators and Limitations 8 12.0 Appendices ..................................53 5.0 Over-arching ’’meta’’ themes ........14 9.1 Historic Overview 34 9.1.1 Exploration, Aboriginal 12.1 Footnotes 53 5.1 River of Life 14 contact and settlement 34 12.2 Bibliography 54 5.2 Power of the Landscape 14 9.1.2 Transport, Industry and Services 35 12.3 The Project Brief 57 12.4 Audit Reports within the 5.3 Sustainability 14 9.1.3 Gold boom, Prosperity and Boundaries of the Swan 6.0 Understanding the Rivers .............17 Subdivision 36 and Helena River Study Area 63 9.1.4 Institutions 37 12.4.1 Audit of Identified Natural 6.1 A Spiritual Force 18 9.1.5 Recreation 38 6.2 A Changing Landscape 19 Heritage 63 9.2 Historic Significance 41 12.4.2 Audit of Identified Aboriginal 6.3 The River of Dreams 21 9.2.1 Exploration, Aboriginal 6.4 The River for Life 22 Heritage Sites 75 contact and early settlement 41 6.5 A River for the Future 25 12.4.3 Audit of Identified Heritage 9.2.2 Transport, Industry and Services 41 Places 85 9.2.3 Gold Boom, Prosperity and Subdivision 41 9.2.4 Institutions 41 9.2.5 Recreation 42 SWAN AND HELENA RIVErs MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK HERITAGE AUDIT AND STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Fish Market Reserve. Executive Summary The Swan River and Helena Rivers (the Rivers) offer an iconic landscape locally and internationally recognised for its natural, cultural and historic values. The Rivers and surrounding plains have been vital in sustaining the Nyoongar people for approximately 40,000 years, while providing an important historic, economic and recreational focus for Western Australia in more recent times. This document provides a Statement of Significance As a response to the method employed by UNESCO, The study takes the approach of a hierarchy of themes, for the Rivers, based on an audit of recorded natural, the Statement of Significance for the Rivers presents resulting in a series of overarching themes that are Aboriginal and historic sites over a defined section of an integrated review that places natural, Indigenous considered to define the significance of the Rivers. the river, to provide input into the route, themes and and historic values side by side. While this has the The “meta” or overarching themes for the significance of interpretation of the Swan and Helena Rivers Regional great advantage of presenting a holistic view, it has the River as defined in this report are: Recreation Path. been technically complex, due to the different ways in which significance is generally assessed by the three • River of Life The report was commissioned by the Eastern environments. Metropolitan Regional Council (EMRC), in response • Power of the Landscape to a recommendation contained in the ‘Swan and The process for developing the Statement of Significance • Sustainability Helena Rivers Management Framework Report’ for the Rivers included the following: (SHRMF), prepared by Hassell Ltd in 2007. These themes are expanded and explained in the • Preparation of an audit of heritage values and following report. The boundaries of the study are defined by four precincts places for the natural, Indigenous and historic identified by the SHRMF that extend from Windan environments; The primary outcomes of the report are the Statement Bridge near the city, east to Middle Swan Road and of Significance and Recommendations. These are as • Community consultation conducted in each of the Whiteman Bridge, and south to Roe Highway. The follows: four participating local authority areas; majority of the study area is included within the boundaries of the City of Bayswater, City of Belmont, • Identification of available oral histories that would City of Swan and the Town of Bassendean. provide personal insight into the history of the Rivers; and This Statement of Significance has been prepared on the basis of the model used by the United Nations • Preparation of maps to show the location of the Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation identified heritage places and provide guidance for (UNESCO) for the purpose of establishing World future interpretation. Heritage Listings. i SWAN AND HELENA RIVErs MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK HERITAGE AUDIT AND STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Statement of Significance The waterways and surrounds of the Swan River and the Rivers link the scarp to the city and determined both Authenticity Helena Rivers (hereafter called the Rivers), in the study the location of Western Australia’s first three towns, When assessed as a cultural landscape, the nominated area bounded by Windan Bridge, Whiteman Bridge, Perth, Fremantle and Guildford, and the form of land areas of the Swan and Helena Rivers and surrounds Roe Highway and Middle Swan Road are based on allocation and distribution in the colony; exhibit a high degree of authenticity. Its historical a distinctive geological formation with an evolved the Rivers provided Perth’s first transport and trajectory can be seen in the present day landscape, and ecosystem. Having been used intensively by humans for communication corridor and demonstrate access to the the associated Nyoongar values continue from ancient millennia, the defined area is characterised by a diverse upper reaches and downstream to Fremantle; times until today as much as the changing environment range of heritage values. Many of the individual places allows. along the Rivers are themselves of specific heritage value, the Rivers provide evidence of changing livelihoods, but outstanding value attaches to the overall landscape lifestyles and sustenance for all humans who have lived As this Statement of Significance is for a nominated that has evolved over time. Thus the Statement of there over thousands of years; cultural landscape, it is not appropriate to consider the authenticity of every natural or cultural component. Significance identifies this area of the Rivers as a cultural the changing use of the Rivers for industrial purposes However, a comprehensive list included with this landscape with natural and cultural heritage significance from 1829 to the present demonstrate evidence of statement details historical, Aboriginal and natural areas, for the following reasons: innovation and change in technology and industry; places and sites within the limits of the information the Rivers’ landscape demonstrates the ending of the the Rivers and their banks have been used for passive and available in 2008. Gondwanaland period due to the break up of the Indian active recreation including swimming, boating, walking, The dynamic relationship between the Rivers and the and Australian tectonic plates following rifting along the bird-watching, horse racing and picnics, and are linked landscapes that have developed around them is a powerful Darling fault line; to international sporting events including The Avon one stretching across geological time to the present.