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United States Navy and World War I: 1914–1922
Cover: During World War I, convoys carried almost two million men to Europe. In this 1920 oil painting “A Fast Convoy” by Burnell Poole, the destroyer USS Allen (DD-66) is shown escorting USS Leviathan (SP-1326). Throughout the course of the war, Leviathan transported more than 98,000 troops. Naval History and Heritage Command 1 United States Navy and World War I: 1914–1922 Frank A. Blazich Jr., PhD Naval History and Heritage Command Introduction This document is intended to provide readers with a chronological progression of the activities of the United States Navy and its involvement with World War I as an outside observer, active participant, and victor engaged in the war’s lingering effects in the postwar period. The document is not a comprehensive timeline of every action, policy decision, or ship movement. What is provided is a glimpse into how the 20th century’s first global conflict influenced the Navy and its evolution throughout the conflict and the immediate aftermath. The source base is predominately composed of the published records of the Navy and the primary materials gathered under the supervision of Captain Dudley Knox in the Historical Section in the Office of Naval Records and Library. A thorough chronology remains to be written on the Navy’s actions in regard to World War I. The nationality of all vessels, unless otherwise listed, is the United States. All errors and omissions are solely those of the author. Table of Contents 1914..................................................................................................................................................1 -
EVENTS SECTION ONE 141.Indd
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The Australian Coastal Patrol
CHAPTER XI THE AUSTRALIAN COASTAL PATROL: RAIDERS AND MI NE-FI ELDS TOWARDSthe end of 1916 Australia’s part in the naval war seemed to have become almost automatic and mechanical, The Azisfralia in the North Sea, the light cruisers in the North Atlantic, the destroyers and small cruisers in East Indian waters, were engaged under various admirals in a routine of necessary though tedious duties. All that the Naval Board could do for them was to keep up a regular supply of reliefs and mails. During the year, as we have seen, the Board had considered the possibility of enemy raids into Australian seas, and made or suggested counter-prepara- tions ; but nothing had happened, and there was apparently nothing to be done outside the routine. Early in December one of the principal officers at Australian headquarters was contemplating longer week-ends merely because he was tired of sitting in his office with no intelligent occupation. But he did not contemplate them for long; nor had he ever the chance again. With the beginning of 1917, the strain of the German “ unrestricted ’’ submarine campaign was upon Australia, soon to be followed by rumours of raiders (some of them more than rumours), the discovery of mine-fields on the main coastal highway, countless reports of enemy aeroplanes (all untrue but all disturbing), and a whole series of irksome but indispensable counter-measures, ranging from patrols and mine-sweeping to wharf-guards and a drastic censorship of baggage and cargo as well as of news and private messages. During no months since the First Convov sailed was so heavy a strain put upon the brains and the mechanism of the Navy Office as during the long anxious year Of 1917. -
Book Reviews
Book Reviews Jake Alimahomed-Wilson. Solidarity Jake Alimahomed-Wilson, an aca- Forever? Race, Gender, and demic sociologist teaching at Cali- Unionism in the Ports of Southern fornia State University, Long Beach, California. Lanham, MD: Lexington uses existing repositories of oral Books, an imprint of The Rowman & histories as well as some of his own Littlefield Publishing Group, www. conducted interviews and results rowman.com, 2016. xi+205 pp., bib- from field study observation to liography, index. US $85.00, hard- explore the challenges and barriers back; ISBN 978-1-4985-1434-7. (E- facing black workers and women on book available, ISBN 978-1-4985- the waterfronts of San Pedro, Long 1435-4.) Beach, and Los Angeles at the hands of union officials and members, both The International Longshore and historically and up to the present day. Warehouse Union (ILWU), a dom- Alimahomed-Wilson argues that inant waterfront labour union along institutionalized racial and gender the West Coast of North America, inequality have been the lot of has carefully cultivated a militant, minority groups outside the over- radical image and brand that arching white, masculine longshore represents rank-and-file members and culture in the commercial ports of glorifies the long-time leadership of southern California for a long time. Harry Bridges, to almost mythical Persons of colour and women, or proportions. Oral histories — record- both, were denied fair opportunity for ed, preserved, and made available hiring and employment, consistently through the efforts of officially discriminated against and harassed, sanctioned historians like Harvey occasionally threatened with vio- Schwartz, and equally committed lence, and made to feel unwelcome individuals and groups at local levels on the waterfront. -
Keeping Count
14 Keeping count Motuihe lies in the Hauraki Gulf not far from Auckland, looking from above rather like a ham bone. A long thin island spreading into lumps at each end, it is 179 hectares of subtropical paradise. It was once covered in bush and will be again, one day, when the trees being planted by an army of volunteers grow into a mature ecosystem. In the meantime it is one of the most popular islands in the Gulf. Sandy beaches grace its flanks. When the southerly wind blows the eastern side is sheltered, and in a northerly the western side remains calm, so that on any fine weekend one side of the island or the other is crammed with boats. You can float in clear, pale-green water tinted with gold and think, How wonderful, what a place to live, just above the beach there, or on that cliff, or among the trees on that gentle sunny slope. Yet this island’s history is all about people seeking to get off the island rather than onto it, and one of the strangest episodes in New Zealand’s modern history occurred here. 236 Wild Journeys_finalspp.indd 236 31/7/18 6:33 pm KEEPING COUNT Count Felix von Luckner, German raider and scourge of the South Seas in World War I, was imprisoned on Motuihe after his capture in 1917. The island became the setting for his escape, among the most daring ever seen. A few years later, von Luckner was transformed into a romantic hero, an international star. He’d won the attention of a man called Lowell Thomas, who would now be termed a creative. -
Adobe PDF File
BOOK REVIEWS Tony Tanner (ed.). The Oxford Book of Sea Allan Poe's "Descent into the Maelstrom," and Stories. New York & Toronto: Oxford Univer• H.G. Wells' "In the Abyss," imagine the terrors sity Press, 1994. xviii + 410 pp. $36.95, cloth; and mysteries of the sea in tales of supernatural ISBN 0-19-214210-0. moment. E.M. Forster's "The Story of the Siren" and Malcom Lowry's "The Bravest Boat" The sea assumes a timeless presence in this present a gentle contrast to these adventures collection of fiction from Oxford. Tony Tanner through their writers' rendering of lives attuned has selected a diverse assortment of stories by to the sea's rhythms. But the true gems in the well-known British, American and Canadian book, possibly the best ever written in the genre, writers. Through his editing, he emphasizes the Conrad's "The Secret Sharer" and Stephen eternal quality of the tales at the expense of Crane's "The Open Boat," bridge these two historical and social contexts, presenting stories forms, focusing in lyrical fashion on their involving sailors and landlubbers alike. The narrators' moral dilemmas within the intrigue of selections are arranged roughly chronologically, the adventure plots. encompassing the period from 1820 to 1967, As this list indicates, Tanner has selected and amply representing Great Britain (fifteen tales that will appeal to romantics and realists stories) and the United States (eleven stories). alike, but his interest is clearly aesthetic, not Canada gets short shrift, with only Charles G.D. historical. His muse in this regard seems to be Roberts, an odd choice, represented. -
Annual Report 2010
ANNUAL REPORT 2010 The Europe Institute is a multi-disciplinary research institute that brings together researchers from a large number of different departments, including Accounting and Finance, Anthropology, Art History, International Business and Management, Economics, Education, European Languages and Literature, Film, Media and TV Studies, Law, and Political Studies. The mission of the Institute is to promote research, scholarship and teaching on contemporary Europe and EU-related issues, including social and economic relations, political processes, trade and investment, security, human rights, education, culture and collaboration on shared Europe-New Zealand concerns. The goals of the Institute are to: Initiate and organise a programme of research activities at The University of Auckland and in New Zealand Build and sustain our network of expertise on contemporary European issues; Initiate and coordinate new research projects; Provide support and advice for developing research programmes; Support seminars, public lectures and other events on contemporary Europe Contents Staff of the Institute ................................................................................................................................ 2 Message from the Director ..................................................................................................................... 4 Major Projects ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Summer -
Mystery Raider of Mazatlan
Was the little schooner Alexander Agassiz setting out to raid and plunder under the to have been ordered to Mazatlan in 1917 in powered with a reciprocating steam engine that search of a raider. But, as Ronald T. Strong, an could drive her at more than twelve-knots. German flag, or was she merely the hapless victim of a bizarre set of circumstances? officer serving on this ship at that time and After service in Cuba and the Philippines subsequently a rear admiral in the US Navy, during the Spanish-American War and several Although four widely varying recalled many years later, “My experiences years on the China station, she returned to the accounts were published about would indicate that all the rumors about West Coast of the United States where she German raiders, gunrunning, and radio functioned as one of a number of Navy ships this little-known incident of stations were nothing more than rumors. that were in and out of commission for the next Marblehead spent many miserable days trying decade. Back in service for WWI with a crew of World War I, we leave it to our readers to to run down these rumors, but with very reservists aboard, she was anchored off determine which one may be the truth… disappointing results.” Mazatlan, Mexico, in March 1918. However, even as the end of the war came Mazatlan was the best of Mexico’s west coast BY DAVID H. GROVER near, American authorities had not ruled out ports, located in the State of Sinaloa on the the possibility of German raiders still operating mainland at the entrance to the Gulf of in Pacific waters. -
Stormy Years 1994
JOHNSTONE CENTRE OF PARKS, RECREATION AND HERITAGE Report Nº 9 Stormy Years On the Association between the El Niño/Southern Oscillation phenomenon and the occurrence of typhoons in the Marshall Islands Report to the Federal Emergency Management Agency Region IX, San Francisco Dirk H.R.Spennemann Ian Marschner ALBURY 1994 © 1994. Dirk H.R. Spennemann, Ian C. Marschner and Johnstone Centre of Parks, Recreation and Heritage, Albury, NSW. All rights reserved. The contents of this study are copyright in all countries subscribing to the Berne Convention. No parts of this book may be repro- duced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechan- ical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of the author, except where permitted by law. Publication Data Spennemann, Dirk H.R., 1958— Stormy years: on the association between the El Niño/Southern Oscil- lation phenomenon and the occurrence of typhoons in the Marshall Islands. Report to the Federal Emergency Management Agency. Region IX, San Francisco— Albury, NSW.: The Johnstone Centre of Parks, Recreation and Heritage, Charles Sturt University, 1994. I v., ill., maps.—(Report, The Johnstone Centre of Parks, Recreation and Heritage) Bibliography. I. Marschner, Ian Colin (1966— ) II. The Johnstone Centre of Parks, Recreation and Heritage . III. Title. IV . Series Keywords: Climatography—Typhoons—Marshall Islands Marshall Islands—Climatography—Typhoons Marshall Islands—History—German Period Marshall Islands—History—Typhoons Marshall Islands—Natural Disasters—Typhoons Marshall Islands—Oceanography—El Niño Phenomenon Micronesia—Climatography—Typhoons Micronesia—History—Typhoons Micronesia—Oceanography—El Niño Phenomenon Oceanography—El Niño Phenomenon—Marshall Islands Pacific Ocean—Climatography—Typhoons Pacific Ocean—Oceanography—El Niño Phenomenon NOTE Due to differences in the fonts used, the lay-out of this pdf version of the report varies slightly from the 1994 original. -
(The Sea Devil), and This Wily, Handsome German Naval Officer, Count Felix Von Luckner, Lived up to the Name by Sinking Fourteen Allied Ships During World War I
His compatriots in Germany called him Der Seeteuel (the Sea Devil), and this wily, handsome German naval officer, Count Felix von Luckner, lived up to the name by sinking fourteen allied ships during World War I. His ship, the Seeadler (Sea Eagle), was the only sailing ship used by the German navy as an armed merchant ship raider. Officers under his command on the ship, as well as von Luckner and much of the crew, spoke Norwegian as well, so the three-masted sailing ship’s original name, Path of Balmaha, was changed to Seeadler, but posed as a Norwegian sailing ship with the name of Irma on its bow. With the Norwegian look and language of the ship, the vessel could easily approach a merchant ship without raising an alarm, this is until von Luckner raised the German flag and requested permission to board the merchant ship. If the request was refused, von Luckner would order a shot over the bow of the rival ship. Invariably the canon shot was enough to convince the captain of the merchant vessel to allow the German boarding crew to come aboard. All of the merchant ship’s crew was ordered off the ship and onto the Seeadler. Then von Luckner ordered his gun crews to sink the abandoned ship and its cargo. Fourteen merchant ships, plying the waters of both the Atlantic and Pacific, and carrying over 500,000 tons of cargo, were sunk by von Luckner in this manner throughout the war. Amazingly, but because of von Luckner’s method of seizing a rival ship, there was only one fatality in the sinking of the fourteen ships. -
Korv-Kptn. Felix Graf Von Luckner
Vorwort Fast 100 Jahre saß eine Unie der Grafen von Luckner auf ihrem Stammsitz, dem Schloss Altfranken westlich von Dresden. bevor dieses zu Beginn des 11.Weltkriegesabgebrochen wurde. Nach dessen Ende wurde der Adel in der sowjetischen Besatzungszone und anschließend in derODR in derZeit ihrer über 40 Jahre währenden Existenz nahezu völlig negiert. Die Geschichte der Adelsfamilien und deren territoriales Wirken wurde bewusst dem Gedächtnis der Menschen femgehalten. Nach der politischen Wende stellte ich mir deshalb die anspruchsvolle Aufgabe, auf "Spurensuche" über die Familie der Grafen von Luckner und ihren Vorfahren, zur Geschichte des Schlosses sowie über die Verwandten Grafen von Luckner vom Gutshof in Pennrich zu gehen, um die entstandene Lücke in der Heimatgeschichtezu schließen. Auf letzterem verbrachte der im I. Weltkrieg als Kaperkapitän des deutschen Kaisers Wilhelms 11. auf S.M.S. "Seeadler' so erfolgreiche "Seeteufel" ,KorvettenkapitänFelix Graf von Luckner, seine Kindheit. Nach umfangreichen Recherchen in den verschiedensten Medien sowie durch vielfältig geknüpfte Verbindungen zu Personen, Vereinen, Archiven und Museen, liegt als Ergebnis nun eine Broschüre vor, die dem Leser nicht nur Unterhaltsames und Amüsantes über die Familien der sächsischen Grafen von Luckner nahe bringt, sondern auch deren bayerische Ahnen und Persönlichkeiten der Zeitgeschichte mit erfasst, die in irgendeiner Form zu den Luckners in Beziehung standen. Besonderen Dank möchte ich all den Personen aussprechen, die mir BiId materia I zur Veröffentlichung zur Verfügung stellten und damit sehr zur Bereicherung des Inhaltes beitrugen. Werner Fritzsche Verfasser Dresden, April 2010 Die bayerischen Ahnen Ahnherr der Familie Luckner ist der Ratsherr, Stadtkämmerer, Hopfenhändler, Bierbrauer und Gastwirt Johann Jakob Luckner (1650-1707), der 1680 nach Cham (Bayern/Oberpfalz) gekommen war. -
The Islands Called Fiji
/ / / / '\ / ' / .... "' / ---.. ...... / 'I / • .::./ \ / / 4 •• • .. : ... ,.;· l z...._ ' \ u.s.s.'R. ...... ;,· ........................................ \ ·, '"' ----................. J /./l ..... I I ' .; { CHINA ..... J e Islands Call~d Fiji I I I I .,1 -;.!:1I -:d i Cl ·' Hawaiian Pacific 0 c e an Islands Mariana Islands · 0 ~ 'Guam .... -- I · Marshal I Islands :..L ..$' Caroline Island 's-.. ,o.:, .;t ';:) Gilbert Islands' ... ; :~anton Island \ \ \ \ \ .... \ \ \ \ • Samoa Islands \ -. ) I I Mopelia- I ITonga Islands 1(Friendly Islands) Cook Isl. I I AUSTRALIA I I I I I 160° W 160 °E ,y--To Sydney, Australia I / / / / / ...... / / ,:,/ / / • ... .. CANADA / '...._...._...._...._...._...._ 4 •. .... J• .:.: ... ,.,;· ............ ...._ ...... ...._ : ...._ I Men wa/ k 011 fi ery ror/;:s and wo m en Call~d Fiji sing to turtles in Britain's Paci fi c colony U.S.A. By LUIS MARDEN National Geographic Foreign Editorial Staff I I With Photographs by the Author I I .. 1 DRIFT in an open boat on the Great .51 J\ -;1 .L'\. South Sea, Lt. William Bligh, late 'l;i l commander of His Majesty's Armed Cl l I Vessel Bounty, wrote in his journal on May 3, I 1789: I I wriry intention is to Steer to the \V.N.W. I that I may see a Group of Islands called I I Hawaiian Fidgee if they lie in that direction." a 1I n Islands They did lie in that direction, and Bligh 0 c e I did sight them. \Yhat is more. the inhabitants I . I Hon6l'ulu./ of the islands called Fiji sighted him. His I ..¢ I ":~ journal for May 7 records: "We now observed two large Sailing Can noes coming swi ftly after us alongshore, and · 0 being apprehensive of their intentions we ){ rowed with some Anxiety ...