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M7 Section 2.7 (Book1) Living In That Country

NORTH AFRICA:

EGYPT

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Contents

Things to Know Before Visiting ...... 12

Recommended Readings ...... 14

Visa and Immigration ...... 17

Cost of Living……………………………………………………………………21

Health and Sickness...... 28

Learning the Language ...... 29

Culture, Taboos, Society and Differences ...... 29

Avoiding Scams and Traps ...... 34

Positives and Negatives of Living in Egypt ...... 35

Accommodation ...... 36

Getting to Know The Locals ...... 43

Useful Apps for Language Learning ...... 44

Things To Do and Places to Visit ...... 51

Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Egypt ...... 51

Food and Dishes ...... 55

Health and Sickness...... 57

Directories and Useful Phone Numbers ...... 61

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Anthem: The Arab Republic of Egypt Hymn.

COUNTRY OVERVIEW Monetary Unit: The (e£) is a paper currency of 100 piasters or 1,000 General Information about Egypt milliemes. There are coins of 1, 5, 10, and

20 piasters and notes of 25 and 50 piasters and 1, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 1000 pounds. e£1 = us$0.17301 (or us$1 = e£5.78) as of 2005.

Weight and Measures: The metric system is the official standard, but various local units also are used: 1 feddan, consisting of 333.3 kassabah, equals 0.42 hectare (1.038 acres).

Holidays: New Year's Day, 1 January; Egypt's official name is the Arab Republic Evacuation Day, 18 June; Revolution Day, of Egypt. The country is situated in the 23 July; Armed Forces Day, 6 October; north-east part of Africa, although the Sinai Popular Resistance Day, 24 October; Peninsula forms a land bridge with south- Victory Day, 23 December. Movable west Asia, and so Egypt is also called a holidays include Sham an-Nassim (Breath Middle-East country. Therefore, it's of Spring), of ancient origin, as well as transcontinental country, which helps it in such Muslim religious holidays as 'Id al- being a major power in Africa, the Middle- Fitr, 'Id al'Adha', and the 1st of Muharram East, the Mediterranean, and the Muslim (Muslim New Year). world.

Location, Size and Extent: Capital: Cairo (Al-Qahira)

Situated at the northeastern corner of Flag: The flag is a tricolor of three Africa, the Arab Republic of Egypt has an horizontal stripes—red, white, and black— area of 1,001,450 sq km (386,662 sq mi), with the national emblem in the center extending 1,572 km (997 mi) se–nw and white stripe. 1,196 km (743 mi) ne–sw.

However, the cultivated and settled area ( Valley, Delta, and oases) constitutes only about 3.5% of Egypt's land area; the Libyan and Western deserts occupy about 75% of the total. Comparatively, the area occupied by Egypt is slightly more than three times the size of the state of New Mexico. Beyond the in the east, the overlaps into Asia; the Sinai was occupied by Israeli forces from 1967 to 1982.

Egypt is bounded by the Mediterranean Sea, on the e by Israel and the Red Sea, on the s by Sudan, and on the w by Libya. The

4 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com total land boundary length is 2,665 km Climate (1,656 mi) and its total coastline is 2,450 km (1,522 mi). Egypt's capital city, Most of Egypt is a dry subtropical area, but Cairo, is located in the northeastern part of the southern part of Upper Egypt is the country. tropical. Northern winds temper the

Topography climate along the Mediterranean, but the interior areas are very hot. The The altitude of Egypt ranges from 133 m temperature sinks quickly after sunset (436 ft) below sea level in the Libyan because of the high radiation rate under Desert to 2,629 m (8,625 ft) above in the cloudless skies. Annual rainfall averages Sinai Peninsula. The is a broad, 2.5 cm (1 in) south of Cairo and 20 cm (8 alluvial land, sloping to the sea for some in) on the Mediterranean coast, but sudden 160 km (100 mi), with a 250-km (155-mi) storms sometimes cause devastating flash maritime front between Alexandria (Al- floods. Hot, dry sandstorms, known as Iskandariyah) and Port Said. South of khamsins, come off the Western Desert in Cairo, most of the country (known as Upper the spring. In Cairo, average temperatures Egypt) is a tableland rising to some 460 m range from 14°c (57°f) in January to 28°c (1,500 ft). The narrow valley of the Nile is (82°f) in July. Relative humidity varies enclosed by cliffs as high as 550 m (1,800 from 68% in February to over 70% in ft) as the river flows about 900 km (560 August and 77% in December. mi) from Aswan to Cairo. A series of cascades and rapids at Aswan, known as Flora and Fauna the First Cataract (the other cataracts are in the Sudan), forms a barrier to movement Plants are those common in dry subtropical upstream. and tropical lands, such as papyrus. Egypt has no forests but does have date palm and The bulk of the country is covered by citrus groves; eucalyptus and cypress have the Sahara, which north of Aswan is usually been introduced. Sheep, goats, and called the Libyan Desert. East of the Nile, donkeys are found throughout the country, the Arabian Desert extends to the Red Sea. and camels are found in all the deserts. The Western Desert consists of low-lying Egypt has some 300 types of birds, with sand dunes and many depressions. about half of them being breeding species Kharijah, Siwah, Farafirah, Bahariyah, and within the country. Wild animals are few, other large oases dot the landscape; except for the hyena, jackal, lynx, lowland, the , is an mongoose, and wild boar, the last-named inhospitable region of highly saline lakes inhabiting the Nile Delta. The ibex may be and soils covering about 23,000 sq km found in the Sinai, and gazelles in the (8,900 sq mi). The outstanding topographic deserts. The Nile is adequately stocked feature is the Nile River, on which human with fish, but crocodiles have been reduced existence depends, for its annual floods to a few along the shores of Lake Nasser. provide the water necessary for Reptiles include the horned viper and the agriculture. Before the completion of the hooded snake. In 2002, there were about Aswan High Dam in 1970, the floods, 98 species of mammals,123 species of lasting generally from August to December, birds, and over 2,000 species of higher caused the river level to rise about 5 m (16 plants. ft). Now, however, floodwaters can be stored, making it possible to provide year- Environmental round irrigation and to reclaim about 1 million feddans (about 1.04 million acres) Egypt's environmental problems stem from of land. Damming the Nile resulted in the its aridity, extremely uneven population creation of Lake Nasser, a reservoir 292 km distribution, shortage of arable land, and (181 mi) long and 9–18 km (6–11 mi) pollution. Soil fertility has declined because wide. of over-cultivation and agricultural land has been lost to urbanization and desert winds.

5 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com In addition, the nation's beaches, coral reefs, and wildlife habitats are threatened 6% of Egypt's total area and density varies by oil pollution. Heavy uses of pesticides, from 84,150 per sq km (32,500 per sq mi) inadequate sewage disposal, and in Cairo to 60 per sq km (23 per sq mi) in uncontrolled industrial effluents have the Suez governate. Some 99% of all created major water pollution problems. live in the Nile Valley. The expanded irrigation of desert areas The UN estimated that 43% of the after completion of the Aswan High Dam in population lived in urban areas in 2005, 1970 has increased soil salinity and aided and that urban areas were growing at an the spread of waterborne diseases. annual rate of 2.39%. The capital city, With recent improvements, about 97% of Cairo (Al-Qahira), had a population of the rural population and 100% of the urban 10,834,000 in that year. Alexandria's population have access to improved water metropolitan population was 12,036,000. sources. The National Committee for Other large cities include Giza (Al-Jizah), Environment, within the office of the prime 2,597,000; Shubra El-Khemia, 1,556,000; minister, is the principal agency with Port Said, 548,900; and Suez, 497,000. environmental responsibilities. Migration Centuries of human habitation in the Nile Valley have decimated Egypt's wildlife in In the early 1960s, most of the Greek that region. The hunting of any bird has population emigrated as the result of the been prohibited by law. As of 2003, about government's nationalization measures; 9.7% of the total land area was protected. nearly all Jews, who formed less than 0.3% The Wadi Al-Hitan (White Valley) became a of the population in 1966, left the country natural UNESCO World Heritage Site in after the 1967 war with Israel. With the 2005. According to a 2006 report issued by completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1970, the International Union for Conservation of up to 100,000 Nubian tribesmen were Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), the moved from flooded parts of the upper Nile number of threatened species included 6 and resettled in the plain downstream. types of mammals, 17 species of birds, 6 During the 1970s there was significant types of reptiles, 14 species of fish, and 2 internal migration from rural to urban species of plants. Endangered species areas. During the 1970s and first half of the include the Sinai leopard, northern bald 1980s, more than three million workers ibis, and green sea turtle. The Sahara oryx took jobs in other countries. In 1992 some has been listed as extinct. 2,850,000 Egyptians were living abroad, including about one million in Libya and Population 850,000 in Saudi Arabia. In 2003 worker remittances to Egypt were $2.9 billion. The population of Egypt in 2005 was estimated by the United Nations (UN) at The Egyptian government estimates that 74,033,000, which placed it at number 16 there are 3–5 million Sudanese refugees, in population among the 193 nations of the some of whom have lived in Egypt for over world. In 2005, approximately 5% of the 30 years. In 2000 there were 169,000 population was over 65 years of age, with migrants living in Egypt. In 2005, the net another 36% of the population under 15 migration rate was estimated as -0.22 years of age. There were 101 males for migrants per 1,000 population. The every 100 females in the country. government views the immigration level as According to the UN, the annual population satisfactory, but the emigration level as too rate of change for 2005–2010 was low. expected to be 2.0%, a rate the government viewed as too high. The Ethnic Groups projected population for the year 2025 was 101,092,000. The population density was Ethnic groups of Eastern Hamitic stock 74 per sq km (191 per sq mi). However, make up about 99% of the population of populated areas constitute only Egypt; these include Egyptians, Bedouins,

6 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com and Berbers. They are a product of the heavenly religions." Government intermixture of ancient Egyptians with the discrimination extends to both Muslim invaders of many millennia from various fundamentalists and Christians. In 2001, parts of Asia and Africa. The remaining 1% two men were convicted and sentenced to of the population is made up of minorities, five- and three-years imprisonment under including mainly Nubians, Armenians, Article 98(F) for allegedly advocating a Greeks, and other Europeans, primarily tolerance of homosexuality in the Islamic Italian and French. faith. In 2002, eight individuals were convicted under the same article for Languages holding unorthodox Islamic beliefs and practices. Sentences ranged from three The language of most of the population is years imprisonment for two of the Arabic, a Semitic tongue; the 1971 offenders to a one-year suspended constitution declares Arabic to be Egypt's sentence for those who were not accused official language. Dialects vary from region of promoting their beliefs to others. to region and even from town to town. Proselytizing is generally considered a English and French are spoken by most violation of Article 98(F). educated Egyptians and by shopkeepers and others. The ancient language of Transportation Pharaonic Egypt, a Hamitic tongue, survives vestigial in the liturgy of the Egypt's transportation system is well Copts, a sizable Christian sect dating back developed, with 64,000 km (39,770 mi) of to the 5th century ad. The Nubians of Upper roads in 2002, of which about 50,000 km Egypt speak at least seven dialects of their (31,070 mi) were paved. In 2003, there own unwritten language. There are a small were 2,282,760 passenger cars and number of Berber-speaking villagers in the 688,300 commercial vehicles registered. In western oases. 1982, in an attempt to alleviate Cairo's notorious traffic congestion, work began on Religions a city subway system. The first phase, 5 km (3 mi) long, was completed in 1987 at a The majority religion is Islam, of which the cost of some $370 million. Cairo Metro, Sunnis are the largest sect. According to modeled after the Paris Metro, is the first official estimates, 90% of the population subway to be built in Africa. Alexandria and are Muslim and 8–10% are Christian, with Cairo are connected by both the Western the Coptic Orthodox Church being the Desert Highway, a high-speed toll road and largest Christian denomination. Other the busier Delta Road. Railroads are denominations represented include managed by the state-owned Egyptian Armenian Apostolic, Greek and Syrian Railways, founded in 1852. As of 2004, Orthodox, Catholics (including Armenian, there was some 5,063 km (3,149 mi) of Chaldean, Greek, Melkite, Roman, and standard gauge railway that linked all parts Syrian), and a variety of evangelical of the country. Alexandria and Port Said are Protestant denominations. The Baha'i faith the principal ports. Egypt's oceangoing is also represented. The Jewish community merchant fleet of 77 ships totaled is extremely small. 1,194,696 GRT in 2005.

The 1971 constitution declares Islam to be As of 2004, Egypt had some 3,500 km the state religion. Though the constitution (2,175 mi) of inland waterways that include provides for religious freedom, the the Nile River, the Alexandria-Cairo government has a long history of Waterway, Lake Nasser, the 193.5 km (120 infringements upon this right. Any religious mi) Suez Canal and many other smaller practices that can be considered in conflict canals in the Nile River delta. However, the to Shariah (Islamic law) are prohibited and Nile River and the Suez Canal are the Article 98(F) of the Penal Code allows for country's main inland waterways. Steamer prosecution for unorthodox practices and service on the Nile is an important means beliefs that are considered to be "insulting of domestic transport. The modern Suez

7 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Canal was constructed between 1859 and years. In early times, the desert provided 1869 under the supervision of the French protection against marauders, while the engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps. Nile River provided bread. Therefore, by 3400 bc the civilization of Egypt was well In 1875 Great Britain became the canal's developed. The country was united about leading shareholder, and the guarantor of 3100 bc by Menes (or Narmer), king of its neutrality in 1888 under the Upper Egypt, who conquered Lower Egypt Constantinople Convention. Management and established the first of some 30 of the canal was entrusted to the privately- dynasties, ruled over by a divine king, or owned Suez Canal Co. British rights over pharaoh. Menes created a centralized the canal were reaffirmed in the Anglo- state; under his dynastic successors, trade Egyptian Treaty of 1936, then repudiated flourished, and the hieroglyphic form of by Egypt in 1951. In 1956, Egypt writing was perfected. During the so-called nationalized the canal and placed it under Old Kingdom, the pharaohs of the fourth the management of the Suez Canal dynasty (c.2613–2494 bc), of whom Authority, which had paid former Cheops (Khufu) was the most notable, stockholders $64 million by 1963. The began to build the great pyramids as royal canal was closed during the 1967 war with tombs. The twelfth dynasty of the Middle Israel and remained closed until 5 June Kingdom (c.1991–1786 bc) built vast 1975, when it resumed operations after irrigation schemes and developed a having been cleared of mines and debris by thriving civilization at Thebes; under their teams of US, UK, and Egyptian engineers. rule, a system of cursive writing was developed. During its first six months after resuming operations, the canal provided passage for After a century of domination by Semitic a substantial number of dry-cargo ships but peoples known as the Hyksos, who was used by only a comparatively small introduced the horse-drawn chariot, number of oil tankers, since the newer ancient Egypt attained its apex during the super tankers could not navigate the eighteenth dynasty (c.1570–1320 bc) of canal's 38-ft depth. The first phase of a the New Kingdom, under pharaohs project to widen and deepen the canal was Thutmose III, who extended the empire completed in 1980, permitting ships of 53- into Asia as far as the Euphrates; ft draft (up to 150,000 tons) to pass Amenhotep III and his son, Amenhotep IV through. The second phase includes (Akhenaten, or Ikhnaton), who, with his increasing the navigable depth to 67 ft (up queen, Nefertiti, attempted forcibly to to 270,000 tons). Egypt also announced replace Egyptian polytheism with plans to build five tunnels under the canal monotheistic worship of the sun god Aten, and dig a second channel to permit the or Aton; and the boy-king Tutankhamen. two-way passage of convoys; the first In subsequent centuries, political instability tunnel at the southern end of the canal was weakened the kingdom, and opened to traffic in 1980. Egypt was invaded by Assyria (673–663 Cairo International Airport is used by bc), annexed by Persia (525 bc), and numerous international airlines, including conquered by Alexander the Great (332 Egypt's own Egypt Air. In 2003, about 4.2 bc). Alexander established the Macedonian million passengers were carried on dynasty of the Ptolemies, which ruled Egypt scheduled domestic and international from 323 to 30 bc. During this period, the flights. As of 2004, Egypt had an estimated city of Alexandria flourished as the 87 airports. In 2005 a total of 72 had paved intellectual center of the Hellenistic world. runways, and there were 2 heliports. The best-known ruler of this dynasty was Queen Cleopatra VII (sometimes History designated as VI), who was defeated, together with her lover Mark Antony, at the Egypt has the oldest recorded history in in 31 bc by Caius Octavius, Western civilization, dating back 5,000 later the Roman emperor Augustus. After

8 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com the official division of the Roman association were revised in the 1936 Anglo- Empire following the death of Theodosius in Egyptian Treaty, under ad 395, Egypt became part of the Eastern which Britain maintained armed forces only Roman (Byzantine) Empire. in specified areas and especially along the Suez Canal. In that year, Faruk ascended Egypt played an integral role in the Muslim the throne. world after the Arab conquest by 'Amr ibn- al-'As in 639–42. Egypt's conquerors Egyptian nationalism gathered further brought in settlers from Arabia and momentum in World War II, during which established firm control under the Abbasid Egypt was used as an Allied base of caliphate (established in 749) and the operations, and in 1951 the government in Fatimids (909–1171), who founded Cairo Cairo abrogated the 1936 treaty. Royal as their capital in 969. The Fatimids were extravagance, government corruption, and overthrown by Saladin (Salah ad-Din), delays in long-expected social and political founder of the , which reforms motivated a successful coup on 23 gave way about 1250 to a local military July 1952 by a group called the Society of caste, the . The Mamluks the Free Officers. Faruk was dethroned and continued to control the provinces after the replaced by his seven-month-old son. A conquest of Egypt by the Ottoman Turks in republic was proclaimed on 18 June 1953, 1517. with Gen. Muhammad Naguib (Najib), the nominal leader of the officers, as its first Egypt remained a Turkish satrapy for four president. He, in turn, was forced out of centuries. In 1805, an energetic Albanian power in 1954 by a younger man, Lt. Col. soldier, Muhammad 'Ali, was appointed Gamal Abdel Nasser (Jamal 'Abd al-Nasir), ruler (wali) of Egypt. He succeeded in leader of the revolution. establishing his own dynasty, which ruled the country, first under nominal Ottoman To increase the productive capacity of his control and later as a British protectorate. country, Nasser entered into preliminary Muhammad 'Ali destroyed agreements with the United States, the feudalism (already weakened by United Kingdom, and the UN to finance in Napoleon's Egyptian campaign in 1798), part a new high dam at Aswan. At the same stabilized the country, encouraged the time, he also negotiated economic aid and planting of cotton, and opened the land to arms shipments from the Soviet Bloc when European penetration and development. he was unable to obtain what Egypt needed from the West. Financial backing for the After the completion of numerous dam was subsequently withheld by the ambitious projects, including the Suez United States, whereupon, on 26 July Canal (1869), Egypt became a world 1956, President Nasser proclaimed the transportation hub and heavily burdened nationalization of the Suez Canal and by debt. Ostensibly to protect its announced that profits derived from its investments, England seized control of operations would be used for the building Egypt's government in 1882 and, at the of the dam. (The last British occupation time of the outbreak of World War I, made troops had been evacuated from their Suez Egypt a protectorate. After the war, in Canal bases a month earlier.) The dam was 1922, the United Kingdom took account of completed with aid and technical assistance the gathering momentum of Egyptian from the USSR. nationalism and recognized Egypt as a nominally sovereign country under King Simultaneously, a crisis erupted between Fuad, but retained control over the conduct Egypt and Israel. Incidents involving of foreign affairs, defense, security of Egyptian and Palestinian guerrillas communications, and the Anglo-Egyptian (fadayin ) and Israeli border patrols Sudan. Militant nationalism was multiplied. On 29 October 1956, as part of represented by the Wafd Party, led by a three-nation plot to bring down Nasser Sa'ad Zaghlul Pasha and, after his death, and reassert control over the Canal, Israeli by Nahas Pasha. The conditions of armed forces swept into Egypt's Sinai

9 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Peninsula. The United Kingdom withdrawn from the Egyptian-Israeli border and France then issued an ultimatum to at Egypt's demand; on 23 May, Egypt the belligerents to cease-fire. When Egypt closed the Gulf of Aqaba to Israeli shipping. rejected the ultimatum, Britain and France Israel quickly crippled the Egyptian air took military action in the Port Said area, force and occupied the Gaza Strip and the at the northern end of the canal, landing Sinai to the Suez Canal, which was blocked troops and bombing Egyptian cities from and remained so until June 1975. A cease- the air. However, the intervention of the fire was established on 8 June 1967. On 22 United States and the USSR, acting November 1967, the UN Security Council through the UN, led to the withdrawal of passed a resolution calling on Israel to the British, French, and Israeli forces by withdraw from occupied Arab territories March 1957. and for the recognition by the Arab states of Israel's right to independent existence On 1 February 1958, Egypt within peaceful and secured frontiers. But and Syria proclaimed their union in the neither side would agree to peace terms, (UAR), under one and Israel continued to occupy the Gaza head of state, one flag, a common Strip and the Sinai. During the years after legislature, and a unified army. The 1967, a "War of Attrition" was fought along proclamation was approved by a plebiscite the Canal with each side shelling the other vote of 99.9% in Egypt and 99.98% in and Israeli planes bombing Egyptian cities. Syria. Nasser became president of the UAR, and a new cabinet was formed in March When Nasser died on 28 September 1970, 1958, consisting of 2 Egyptian and 2 Syrian his vice president, Anwar al-Sadat, became vice presidents, as well as 22 Egyptian and president. After a political crisis that 12 Syrian ministers. Differing economic resulted in the dismissal from office in May and political conditions prevented a 1971 of 'Ali Sabri and other left-wing complete fusion of the two regions, leaders who had been close to Nasser (they however. Nasser's economic measures were subsequently convicted of treason), were generally accepted, but his program President Sadat firmly established his hold of socialism and nationalization of banks on the government and began to and other commercial establishments were implement pragmatic economic and social resented and opposed by Syrian policies. businessmen. Syrian opposition to the union was crystallized when Nasser Beginning in July 1971 with the eliminated the separate regional cabinets announcement of a 10-year development and set up a unified program, he quickly followed with the introduction in September of a permanent cabinet in August 1961. On 28 September, constitution and a series of financial the Syrian army revolted, and two days measures designed to give more freedom later it proclaimed Syrian independence. to the banking system and to encourage Even after the failure of the merger with investment of foreign and domestic capital. Syria, Egypt, consistent with its Arab unity In a surprise move on 18 July 1972, Sadat ideology, persisted in its attempts to form ordered the expulsion of the 15,000 Soviet a union with other Arab states. Cooperation military advisers and 25,000 dependents agreements were signed with Iraq, Yemen, who had come to Egypt after the 1967 war. Syria again, and Libya during the 1960s After the ouster of the Russians, Egypt was and early 1970s. None of these agreements able to improve relations with the United produced a lasting, meaningful political States, Europe, and the more conservative union. Arab states, which provided substantial financial assistance under the Khartoum One reason for these political Agreement to replace Suez Canal revenues maneuverings was the continuing tension (which had ceased when the Canal was with Israel, which again erupted into open closed by the 1967 war with Israel). warfare on 5 June 1967, after the UN Emergency Force had on 19 May been

10 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Frustrated in his ambition to recover the denounced the accords and sought to Sinai, President Sadat broke the 1967 isolate Egypt within the Arab world. cease-fire agreement on 6 October 1973 by attacking Israeli forces in the Sinai Domestically, Sadat encouraged a shift Peninsula; this assault was coordinated from Nasser's socialism to greater free- with a Syrian attack on Israeli forces market conditions and some political occupying the Syrian Golan Heights. After liberalization, one result of which was an initial successes, the Egyptian strike forces upsurge of activity by religious extremists. were defeated by the rapidly mobilized In early September 1981, Sadat ordered Israeli troops, who then crossed the Canal the arrest of 1,536 Muslims, Christian south of Isma'iliyah, destroyed Egypt's Copts, leftists, and other persons accused surface-to-air missile sites, and cut off the of fomenting violent acts. One month later, Egyptian 3d Army. A cease-fire that came on 6 October, Sadat was assassinated in into effect on 24 October left Egyptian Cairo by four Muslim fundamentalists. The troops in the Sinai and Israeli troops on vice president, Muhammad Hosni (Husni) the west bank of the Canal. A series of Mubarak, who had been Sadat's closest disengagement agreements negotiated by adviser, succeeded him as president, US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger left instituted a state of emergency, and Egypt in full control of the Canal and immediately pledged to continue Sadat's established a UN-supervised buffer zone in policies, particularly the terms of the peace the Sinai between the Egyptian and Israeli treaty with Israel. Relations with Israel forces. In November 1975, the Sinai oil cooled during 1982, however, especially fields at Abu Rudeis and Ra's Sudr were after Israeli troops moved into Lebanon. In returned to Egypt. 1986, renewed efforts at normalization of diplomatic relations with Israel led to the President Sadat took a bold step toward resolution in Egypt's favor of a dispute over establishing peace with Israel by going Taba, a tiny sliver of land, which had not to Jerusalem in November 1977 and by been returned with the rest of the Sinai. receiving Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin at Isma'iliyah the following month. In As a result of Arab fears of an Iranian September 1978, he entered into victory over Iraq in their eight-year war negotiations with Begin, mediated by US (1980–88), Egypt, which has the largest President Jimmy Carter, at Camp David, army in the Arab world as well as an important arms industry, was welcomed Md., where the two Middle East leaders back into the Arab fold following the agreed to a framework for a comprehensive 'Ammān Arab summit conference in settlement of the conflict. Following further November 1987. Egypt quickly renewed negotiations, Sadat signed the Egyptian- diplomatic relations with a number of Arab Israeli Peace Treaty in Washington, DC, on states and in May 1989 ended its isolation 26 March 1979. The treaty provided for the by rejoining the Arab League, the staged withdrawal of Israeli forces from the headquarters of which returned to Cairo. Sinai, which was completed on schedule by Mubarak continued Sadat's policies of 25 April 1982; set limits on forces and moderation and peacemaking abroad and armaments for both sides; established a gradual political liberalization and UN force to supervise the terms of the movement towards free market reforms at treaty; and called for full normalization of home. In July 1989, he became chairman relations. However, the two nations were of the Organization of African Unity for one unable to agree on the question of year. In 1990, Egypt played a key role in autonomy for the Palestinians of the West the coalition to expel Iraq from Kuwait and Bank of the Jordan and in Gaza, as in 1993 and 1994 was active in promoting provided for in the Camp David framework. the Israeli-Palestinian peace accord. For their roles as peacemakers, Sadat and Begin were jointly awarded the 1978 Nobel Mubarak was reelected president in 1987 Peace Prize. But other Arab leaders and 1993. Parliamentary elections in 1987 were termed the fairest since 1952; 100

11 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com members of the opposition were elected to However, in 1998 and 1999 the number of the 458-seat chamber. Opposition political violent incidents decreased, and the forces, however, had become increasingly government began releasing some of the disenfranchised over the years and after jailed members of Islamist groups, said to Mubarak's third election, he conceded to number 20,000 by that time. their concerns and announced the government would hold a National Dialogue In September 1999, weeks after surviving to hear the grievances of any legal political an assassination attempt, Mubarak was party. Representatives of the Muslim elected to a fourth six-year term as Brotherhood, an illegal but tolerated president, running unopposed. Political political grouping with massive appeal, opponents and Western observers were not invited. Just before the meeting, criticized the ruling NDP's refusal to open the Nasserists and the New World Party up the political system, one result of which, announced they would not participate, they said, would be to channel some of the essentially nullifying the work of the political passion now given to outlawed congress. Islamists into legal political parties, who could then use it to create a more open In 1995, legislative elections were again society—thus further marginalizing the held, but, unlike the 1990 polling, the extremists. However, the government opposition parties announced they would refused to implement electoral reforms. In not boycott these elections. The elections February 2003, the state of emergency first were held on 29 November and 6 declared in 1981 was renewed for another December and the ruling National three years by President Mubarak. Democratic Party (NDP) won 316 seats, losing several but retaining a vast majority. Following the 11 September 2001 terrorist Although independents won more than 100 attacks on the United States, the United seats, nearly all of them were in reality States called upon all states to adopt firmly allied with the NDP. counterterrorism measures. The attacks on the United States gave Egypt a reason for In January 1996, Mubarak replaced the increasing its restrictions on the Islamic sitting prime minister, Dr. Alif Sidqi, with opposition, including members of the Kamal Ahmed al-Ganzouri. Muslim Brotherhood and Gamaa Islamiyya. The most serious opposition to the Mubarak After 11 September, Egyptian authorities government comes from outside the referred increasing numbers of cases of political system. Religious parties are Islamic militants to military courts. One of banned and, as a consequence, Islamic the leaders of the attacks on the World militants have resorted to violence against Trade Center and the Pentagon, the regime, singling out Christian Copts Muhammad Atta, was Egyptian, as is and posing a threat to tourism, a major Ayman al-Zawhiri, the leader of Egyptian source of foreign exchange earnings. Islamic Jihad who is considered to be Starting in the mid-1990s, security forces Osama bin Laden's second in command. cracked down hard on the The high-profile positions of these militants, resorting to authoritarian Egyptians in the al-Qaeda organization measures, including arbitrary arrest, caused some to place increased scrutiny on imprisonment, and torture to subdue the Egypt's ability to control Islamic movement. However, it continued to extremism. gather strength, fueled by discontent with poor economic conditions, political Terrorist attacks on tourists and others autocracy, corruption, secularism, and continued into 2004 and 2005. In October Egypt's ties with the United States and 2004, bomb attacks targeted Israeli Israel. In November 1997, militants tourists on the Sinai Peninsula; 34 people murdered over 70 persons at a popular were killed. In April 2005, a suicide bomber tourist site in Luxor. It was alleged that killed three tourists in Cairo; later that Gamma Islamiyya, one of Egypt's Islamic month, another bomb attack in Cairo killed groups, was responsible for the attacks. an Egyptian man. On 23 July 2005, nearly

12 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com 90 people were killed in bomb attacks in held in the outgoing parliament, but the Red Sea resort of Sharm el-Sheikh. nonetheless still above the two-thirds majority necessary to control legislation. In 2005 Egypt changed its constitution to The elections were marred by clashes allow the opposition to contest presidential between voters and security forces, leaving elections. Potential candidates must meet 12 dead. strict criteria for participation, however, and religious parties remain banned. The Muslim Brotherhood—the only opposition THINGS TO KNOW organization with broad popular support— BEFORE VISITING remains outlawed. In the presidential election held on 7 September 2005, EGYPT Mubarak gained a fifth consecutive term as president. The election was the first under Considered a bucket-list destination to the new system whereby multiple many, you can say there is something for candidates may stand. In previous everyone in Egypt. But in order to return elections, Egyptians voted yes or no for a home with a story to tell, you need a few single candidate chosen by parliament. In tips to get the most out of your experience. this election, all candidates were permitted Here are some essential things to know to campaign freely and were given equal before visiting Egypt. time on television. Mubarak faced nine opponents in the September election, Book before you come although only two— of the

Tomorrow party, and Noaman Gomaa of Whether you’re opting for a tour guide or the Wafd party—had any real following. not, it’s better to book all your trips ahead.

Trips such as Nile cruises in Luxor and Without monitors in place in most of the Aswan, safari trips in the Western Desert, nearly 10,000 polling stations, Mubarak or diving in the Red Sea require a lot of supporters engaged in various acts of voter planning. Book before you come so you intimidation. Other voting irregularities don’t find yourself all over the place. existed as well. The opposition to Mubarak came largely from a movement called The capital never sleeps "Kifaya" or "Enough." Kifaya supporters were permitted to protest without police Cairo is always awake. Although most intervention on the day of the election. cafes, restaurants, shops, and so forth Different groups affiliated with the Kifaya close around 12 to 2 am, the rest of the city movement staged demonstrations for is always on the go. This is great because several months prior to the election. you can walk around, explore the streets,

eat local food, and enjoy the lights of the In parliamentary elections held in capital. However, other cities such as Sinai, November and December 2005, the Muslim Hurghada, Gouna, and Fayoum close down Brotherhood won 34 seats, doubling the much earlier than Cairo. number of seats its members held in all of the last parliament, elected in 2000. The traffic (in Cairo) is crazy

Nevertheless, the Muslim Brotherhood's Most of the time Cairo is in rush-hour candidates run as independents, due to the mode, making the traffic impossible to outlaw status of the group. The Muslim bear. Nevertheless, far from Cairo there is Brotherhood solidified its position as the little to no traffic at all, which is why it is strongest opposition group in Egypt by better to stay for a couple of days in winning an additional 42 seats in the Cairo and then see the rest of Egypt in second round of voting, and 12 in the third, peace. to make a total of 88 seats in the new parliament. In total, the ruling NDP won Get to know your ride options 315 seats, noticeably fewer than the 388 it

13 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com in Egypt. Some women won’t even shake Speaking of traffic, it’s crucial to know hands with men they aren’t related to. your transportation options so you can avoid it as much as possible. The metro is Everything is affordable here your fastest option for getting around during rush hour, but it can be a bit Compare your currency to the Egyptian crowded. Depending on your budget, there pound and you’ll find that most things are are many other means of transportation not only affordable but cheap here. This is such as Uber, Careem, microbuses, buses, good news because it means you can travel and fairies. Outside of Cairo, you can around many cities in Egypt without paying mostly find taxis and microbuses. a fortune.

Be careful crossing the street Learn to bargain

No matter what city you go to in Egypt, Because Egyptians know that everything is there are no rules for crossing the street. It affordable for tourists, they easily take can be a frightening experience to those advantage of that and price everything up. who are not used to it. The best way to It’s better to buy water and snacks from cross the street in Egypt is to make sure well-known stores rather than kiosks. there is someone passing in the same When it comes to souvenir shops, don’t direction with you and try to ensure that settle for the first price but bargain, there is a good amount of space between bargain, bargain! you and the cars. They won’t stop for anyone!

The weather is always great

There are days when it can get very hot in Egypt, but never very cold. During these hot days, take a trip to one of Egypt’s many beach destinations. In winter you’ll only need a sweater. Winter in Egypt means amazing safari and desert trips.

Know what to pack

It’s important not to forget that Egypt is mostly a Muslim country, which means that they have a conservative culture. It’s better for women to cover their arms and legs if they don’t want unwelcome attention. However, some areas are more laid back, such as the Red Sea, as they’re Tipping is important used to many tourists. Also pack a good pair of comfortable shoes, sunscreen and a Even though many restaurants have hat. service included in the check, tipping is very important here. If you don’t tip, they’ll PDA is not normal most probably think you’re cheap and consider it disrespectful. You’ll also need to You won’t find people French kissing in tip people helping you with your bags, with public like in Rome. Maybe some will hold parking, or giving you any added service. hands here and there, but kissing, hugging Usually 5 to 10 Egyptian pounds is quite and that kind of thing is definitely a no-no enough.

14 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Egyptians will help you around below might make some fun, educational and informative reading during Egyptian Don’t worry about losing your way, as you sojourn. can be certain that any Egyptian will help you reach your destination. However, make The first novel about Egypt that springs to sure to ask several different people, as mind is usually The English Patient by sometimes people give you the wrong Michael Oondatje. And it definitely sets the answer. Choose someone who is familiar scene for adventures into Egypt with rich with the area, such as a gatekeeper or desert landscapes, all the romance of security officer. archaeological discoveries and the tense buildup to WWII. The novel is loosely based Slow down on the food on the real life story of Hungarian explorer László Almásy who discovered the Cave of One unmissable experience in Egypt is the Swimmers in the mountainous Gilf Kebir food. A trip to Egypt is not the same region of the Sahara Desert. Almásy played without trying its unique dishes. However, a crucial part in mapping out the Gilf and don’t try everything at once, because you used this knowledge during the war. The can get sick. Egyptians use a lot of spices, book has obviously romanticized and garlic, onions, and oil, so the food can be a altered the real tale no end. bit heavy and greasy, which you may not be used to. If you are interested in discovering more of the true story to the mysterious Almásy, Egyptians will help you around you could get hold of The Secret Life of Laszlo Almasy: The Real English Patient by Don’t worry about losing your way, as you John Bierman or The Lost Oasis: The True can be certain that any Egyptian will help Story Behind The English Patient by Saul you reach your destination. However, Kelly which both contain a lot of historical make sure to ask several different people, information. as sometimes people give you the wrong answer. Choose someone who is familiar While we’re on a desert theme, if Egypt’s with the area, such as a gatekeeper or Western Desert fascinates you with all its security officer. wadis (valleys) and incredible landscapes, then you may wish to get hold of Slow down on the food the Guidebook to the Western

One unmissable experience in Egypt is the Desert of Egypt by Casandra Vivian. food. A trip to Egypt is not the same without trying its unique dishes. However, Vivian is a writer and photographer who don’t try everything at once, because you lived in Egypt for years. The book contains can get sick. Egyptians use a lot of spices, GPS waypoints for various places in the garlic, onions, and oil, so the food can be a desert and describes the history, geography, geology and caravan routes of desert occupants. Plus there’s plenty of bit heavy and greasy, which you may not itinerary and route planning advice. The be used to. book is an update to her previous 1990 edition, Islands of the Blest, considered a must for any traveler to these regions. RECOMMENDED Egypt Rediscovered by Mohamed El READINGS Hebeishy is another real find, a photographic book filled with short essays There’s plenty to be discovered about that showcases some of the country’s more Egypt in literature before you go. Plus some hidden treasures. Locations range from of the novels and guidebooks outlined places as remote as the Western Desert to other spots right in central Cairo.

15 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com out of Egypt, you might like to get your If the world of mummies, the afterlife and hands on works by authors such as Naguib the pyramids fascinate you, there’s an Mahfouz who won the Nobel Prize for absolute wealth of information out there. Literature, the first Arabic-language writer For an insight into the afterlife get hold of to do so and women writers like Nawal El Raymond O. Faulkner’s The Ancient Saadawi and Alifa Rifaat. Egyptian Book of the Dead for an overview. While The Alexandria Quartet by Lawrence Even when local directors made the Durrell will give you much of the medium their own, films struggled to gain background to the popularity abroad. Following the 2011 and Egypt, although you might need the Revolution and a new-found interest in vocabulary and patience to wade through bringing Egypt’s stories to the big screen, the four volumes. here’s our list of Egypt’s best documentaries, each offering a unique If you need to do some route planning perspective on this complex society. there are plenty of travel guide titles on Egypt by major publishing houses such as The Square (2013) Lonely Planet, DK Eyewitness Guides, Frommer’s, AA Explorers and others. While you’re looking at travel guides it wouldn’t hurt to pick up a language guide to Arabic, those produced by Lonely Planet and Rough Guides are usually very good. More specific guides on places such as Luxor are available. One includes Kent Week’s, The Treasures of Luxor and the Valley of the Kings which is filled with good illustrations.

Another handy book for travelers is Egypt - Culture Smart! by Jailan Zayan to help you prepare for the customs, value, traditions, history, religious background, food, taboos In The Square, named after Cairo’s and various practices you might encounter revolutionary Tahrir Square, director when you get to Egypt. It might help you Jehane Noujaim follows half a dozen or so avoid a few faux pas! protesters – mostly bright, young, and secular – across a historically defining While if you like reading about other three year period. traveller’s journeys through Egypt you might like to read the chapters in Michael Audiences are transported to the very Palin’s Pole to Pole or Around the center of the action from the beginning; World in 80 Days that both cover Egypt. this is as close as it gets to witnessing the inner conflicts that moved the Egyptian If you need some light reading, particularly for your own Nile River cruise, Death on the Revolution to its latter phases. Nile by Agatha Christie could be just the Unflinchingly documented, it captures thing. The famed mystery writer has unencumbered idealism, violence and captured life here well, although certain betrayal. A must-watch for those interested scenes might have you feeling a little in anything from human resilience to recent suspicious of your fellow crew members. history, and a heartfelt tribute to those Another very light read, perhaps for the fighting for democratic values. kids, could be Asterix and Cleopatra by Rene Goscinny and Albert Uderzo.

Alternatively if you would like to get familiar with some of the literature coming

16 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com The Virgin, the Copts and Me (2011) Station. He enjoyed a long career, though often marred by controversy and state- imposed restrictions, and is now widely considered as one of Egypt’s most important directors. Cairo as Seen by Chahine is one of his late masterpieces. It’s short, only 22 minutes long, and was first commissioned by French TV as an alternative portrait of a city challenging an orientalist gaze. Employing meta-narrative play, Chahine asks local actors what they think Westerners would like to see of Cairo, and proceeds to reflect on his love of the city and its people. By the end, it has arguably revealed more of its narrator than the city itself.

French-Egyptian filmmaker Namir Abdel Four Women of Egypt (1997) Messeeh packs in what feels like a couple documentaries into one. Backed by a French production company, Messeeh set out for Cairo to investigate miraculous apparitions of the Virgin Mary claimed by Egypt’s Coptic Christian community. Professed skepticism gets him nowhere and his refusal to cover the Egyptian Revolution convinces producers to pull the plug. Changing course, he travels south to visit his maternal family. Instead of deluded faith he finds human stories of hardworking, good natured people, all of which culminates in a touching re- enactment of the said visions.

Cairo as Seen by Chahine (1991)

Female friendship in a culturally diverse society is the subject of Tahani Rached’s Four Women of Egypt. As the title

suggests, the protagonists are four

Egyptian women – intellectuals and

activists – each nurturing different political

and religious beliefs. The documentary

takes the form of an extended

conversation, carefully negotiating points

of divergence and the bonds of friendship.

In the process of questioning the limits of

tolerance and confrontation, much is

revealed on the politics, gender, and

.

Youssef Chahine (1926 – 2008) is mostly remembered for the acclaimed Cairo

17 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com El- Banate Doi (2006) Cairo Drive (2014)

Filmed over the course of three years from El-Banate Dol (These Girls) confirms 2009 to 2012, Sherief Elkatsha set out to Tahani Rached’s reputation as a leading make a documentary about the life of a city voice in Egypt’s documentary film scene. from the perspective of its traffic congested Screened at a host of the world’s leading streets. Little did he expect that history was film festivals, this engaging documentary about to throw in the 2011 follows a band of impoverished and often revolution. Cairo Drive captures the abused teenage girls living on the streets atmosphere in the city before and after the of Cairo. Astonishingly, Rached gains protests through often humorous intimate trust from her subjects and conversations with wealthy and poorer rewards audiences with unexpected twists drivers sat in cars, ambulances and trucks, and emotional revelations. Far from weaving them into an anarchic metaphor downplaying their troubles, the for Egypt’s much larger collective documentary exceptionally manages to frustrations. stray away from cheap sentimentalization and finds time to pay tribute to the girl’s vitality.

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VISA AND IMMIGRATION

Egyptian Immigration Requirements

A visa is a document from a country origin before they arrive in Egypt. Check certifying that you have permission to with the Egyptian embassy or consulate in enter and remain there for a given length your country whether you need to apply for of time. Your visa may permit or exclude a visa before entering Egypt. certain activities (e.g. work). No matter where you are from, you will need a valid A Note on the Egyptian Visa passport and a visa of some kind to enter Application Process Egypt. A visa is a document from a country If you are coming to Egypt as a tourist, you certifying that you have permission to will be able to purchase a visa upon your enter and remain there for a given length arrival at the airport (or any other major of time. Your visa may permit or exclude port of entry). certain activities (e.g. work). No matter where you are from, you will need a valid If you are coming to Egypt to work or passport and a visa of some kind to enter study, the process may be significantly Egypt. more complicated. The Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs provides updated If you are coming to Egypt as a tourist, you information regarding visas and permits on will be able to purchase a visa upon your its web portal. Note that the Ministry often arrival at the airport (or any other major uses “tourist visa” and “entry visa” port of entry). interchangeably. In practical terms, they are the same thing. If you are coming to Egypt to work or While most foreign nationals may purchase study, the process may be significantly an entry/tourist visa upon arrival, visitors more complicated. The Egyptian Ministry of from some countries must obtain a visa Foreign Affairs provides updated from the Egyptian consulate in their information regarding visas and permits country of on its web portal. Note that the Ministry often uses “tourist visa” and “entry visa”

19 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com interchangeably. In practical terms, they you may need to return later for are the same thing. photographs or to photocopy documents. The visa and immigration area is essentially While most foreign nationals may purchase structured as a long series of numbered an entry/tourist visa upon arrival, visitors windows, labelled in both English and from some countries must obtain a visa Arabic. Most staff speak some English, and from the Egyptian consulate in their they will be more than happy to give you country of origin before they arrive in directions. Egypt. Check with the Egyptian embassy or consulate in your country whether you Begin by picking up your application from need to apply for a visa before entering the appropriate window (e,g. “Temporary Egypt. Tourism Residence, Temporary Residence 3-5 yrs”). The clerk will tell you which Visas for Egypt documents you need to photocopy and where to pay the application fee (it will be Visa types and application materials a separate window labelled “Stamps and Fees”). You can fill out the application and The best way to avoid frustrating hours in pay the fees in any order, and when you government offices is to have the correct pay the fees you will be given a series of visa in hand as soon as you arrive in Egypt. postage stamps. Make sure to affix the If you are working or studying, you can do stamps to your application form to show this by applying at an Egyptian consulate in that you have paid the required fee (and be your country of origin. careful not to drop and lose any – you’ll have to buy more!). Check with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for updated information on visa types and If you need photocopies, you can then head requirements. down to the lobby to make them at the kiosk. Once you have everything together, No matter what type of visa you need, you simply turn the completed application and should have the following documents on your passport in at the first window you hand: visited. The clerk will tell you where and when to pick up your processed passport • Valid passport and visa (this can be anywhere from a • Several passport-size photos couple hours to several days). • Application forms (available through the consulate) Moving to Egypt • Proof of financial means to support yourself while living in Egypt (or, if you will be working, a letter from your employer proving that you will be working there) • Proof of a return tickets or funds to purchase a return ticket to your country of origin

Any additional requirements will be noted with the description of that particular visa below. While Egypt is not the first destination that comes to mind for expats relocating to In Cairo, you can complete the process at further their professional career or the Mugamma in Tahrir Square. entertain business interests, the country is Immigration affairs are handled on the a cultural hub in the Arab world and is second floor (follow the spiral staircase up certainly enticing in this manner. As a focal from the main lobby). Take note of the point for regional politics and a traditional Polaroid kiosk in the lobby on your way in, epicentre of education, expats moving to

20 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Egypt will experience a country as edgy as Expats should have no problem finding ever. suitable accommodation in Egypt. Options range from simple studios to fully furnished That being said, expats considering moving condos and large villas. Getting around in to Egypt should pay special attention to the Egypt can be an adventure as there are country's safety and political situation. varied modes of transportation available, Though not characteristically unsafe, riots from overcrowded buses and minivans to and violence have become a problem in the first-class trains. A modern subway system country since 2011. helps commuters get around Cairo and avoid traffic congestion. Those without the For the most part, though, Egypt makes for patience to deal with public transport in a unique expat destination, as it is usually Egypt always have the option of hiring a car curiosity or love that draws expats to stay with a private driver. rather than financial promise or luxury living. Still, the country does have Those moving to Egypt with children will be its business incentives, but it isn't an pleased to find there are a number of good internationally recognised industrial centre. international schools in Egypt. Most of Entrepreneurs may find new emerging these are in Cairo and offer students the markets and opportunities, though, as the opportunity to continue studying the school country is actively promoting itself on a curriculum of their home countries. global front. Most expats moving to Egypt end up in Expats moving to Egypt tend to be Cairo, a metropolis where the malaise of engaging, active and interested in city life can prove intimidating. Close connecting with communities and quarters, pollution, and noise can seem interacting with Egyptian culture and inescapable in the endless city sprawl if people. Teachers, writers, volunteers and expats aren’t adequately prepared. Women NGO workers are all interwoven into used to Western culture often find the Egyptian society, making for a truly transition to Egypt's somewhat patriarchal interesting expat experience. society difficult, although far less so than other Islamic countries.

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COST OF LIVING

Egyptian Pound

Conversion Table Against World Currencies

Currency Currency name ▲▼ Units per VND VND per Unit code ▲▼ USD US Dollar 4.39E-05 22770.27 EUR Euro 3.68E-05 27157.69 GBP British Pound 3.24E-05 30888.49 INR Indian Rupee 0.00295 339.0105 AUD Australian Dollar 5.84E-05 17136.15 CAD Canadian Dollar 5.64E-05 17716.97 SGD Singapore Dollar 5.86E-05 17054.93 CHF Swiss Franc 4.4E-05 22715.95 MYR Malaysian Ringgit 0.000173 5769.573 JPY Japanese Yen 0.004794 208.5919

22 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Currency Currency name ▲▼ Units per VND VND per Unit code ▲▼ Chinese Yuan CNY 0.00028 3576.191 Renminbi NZD New Zealand Dollar 6.25E-05 15998.98 THB Thai Baht 0.001399 714.7496 HUF Hungarian Forint 0.011582 86.34155 AED Emirati Dirham 0.000161 6200.21 HKD Hong Kong Dollar 0.000345 2900.719 MXN Mexican Peso 0.000854 1170.664 ZAR South African Rand 0.000551 1816.196 PHP Philippine Peso 0.002279 438.7406 SEK Swedish Krona 0.000387 2581.57 IDR Indonesian Rupiah 0.61593 1.62356 SAR Saudi Arabian Riyal 0.000165 6072.073 BRL Brazilian Real 0.000156 6406.495 TRY Turkish Lira 0.000187 5340.798 KES Kenyan Shilling 0.0044 227.2725 KRW South Korean Won 0.047447 21.07611 EGP Egyptian Pound 0.000777 1286.73 IQD Iraqi Dinar 0.05205 19.21216 NOK Norwegian Krone 0.000354 2828.543 KWD Kuwaiti Dinar 1.33E-05 75394.67 RUB Russian Ruble 0.002754 363.0991 DKK Danish Krone 0.000274 3644.995 PKR Pakistani Rupee 0.005071 197.2073 ILS Israeli Shekel 0.000158 6309.916 PLN Polish Zloty 0.000157 6373.02 QAR Qatari Riyal 0.00016 6255.569 XAU Gold Ounce 3.34E-08 29919513 OMR Omani Rial 1.69E-05 59220.47 COP Colombian Peso 0.12371 8.083398 CLP Chilean Peso 0.02764 36.1795 TWD Taiwan New Dollar 0.00131 763.1227 ARS Argentine Peso 0.00096 1041.222 CZK Czech Koruna 0.00094 1063.893 VND Vietnamese Dong 1 1 MAD Moroccan Dirham 0.000412 2429.806 JOD Jordanian Dinar 3.11E-05 32116.04 BHD Bahraini Dinar 1.65E-05 60559.23 XOF CFA Franc 0.024154 41.40164 LKR Sri Lankan Rupee 0.006918 144.5466 UAH Ukrainian Hryvnia 0.001157 864.3152 NGN Nigerian Naira 0.01581 63.25095

23 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Currency Currency name ▲▼ Units per VND VND per Unit code ▲▼ TND Tunisian Dinar 0.00011 9086.511 UGX Ugandan Shilling 0.163018 6.134278 RON Romanian Leu 0.000171 5831.188 BDT Bangladeshi Taka 0.003713 269.2974 PEN Peruvian Sol 0.000144 6933.402 GEL Georgian Lari 0.000108 9264.879 Central African CFA XAF 0.024154 41.40164 Franc BEAC FJD Fijian Dollar 9.11E-05 10973.63 VEF Venezuelan Bolívar 0.000439 2279.877 BYN Belarusian Ruble 8.85E-05 11300.64 HRK Croatian Kuna 0.000273 3668.85 UZS Uzbekistani Som 0.354629 2.819848 BGN Bulgarian Lev 7.2E-05 13885.51 DZD Algerian Dinar 0.005107 195.7941 IRR Iranian Rial 1.845599 0.541829 DOP Dominican Peso 0.00218 458.7113 ISK Icelandic Krona 0.004486 222.937 XAG Silver Ounce 2.66E-06 375406.3 CRC Costa Rican Colon 0.024978 40.0352 SYP Syrian Pound 0.022627 44.19505 LYD Libyan Dinar 5.91E-05 16930.34 JMD Jamaican Dollar 0.005468 182.8834 MUR Mauritian Rupee 0.001529 653.8271 GHS Ghanaian Cedi 0.000198 5053.49 AOA Angolan Kwanza 0.010117 98.84212 UYU Uruguayan Peso 0.001281 780.6153 AFN Afghan Afghani 0.003094 323.1744 LBP Lebanese Pound 0.066205 15.10466 XPF CFP Franc 0.004394 227.5815 TTD Trinidadian Dollar 0.000292 3421.712 TZS Tanzanian Shilling 0.10017 9.983078 ALL Albanian Lek 0.004688 213.3289 East Caribbean XCD 0.000119 8434.388 Dollar GTQ Guatemalan Quetzal 0.000322 3103.434 NPR Nepalese Rupee 0.004742 210.893 BOB Bolivian Bolíviano 0.000304 3285.247 ZWD Zimbabwean Dollar 0.015894 62.91869 Barbadian or Bajan BBD 8.78E-05 11385.14 Dollar

24 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Currency Currency name ▲▼ Units per VND VND per Unit code ▲▼ Cuban Convertible CUC 4.39E-05 22770.27 Peso LAK Lao Kip 0.365423 2.736557 BND Bruneian Dollar 5.86E-05 17054.93 BWP Botswana Pula 0.000435 2299.809 HNL Honduran Lempira 0.001039 962.2306 PYG Paraguayan Guarani 0.2462 4.061734 ETB Ethiopian Birr 0.001209 827.4081 NAD Namibian Dollar 0.000551 1816.196 Papua New Guinean PGK 0.000143 7001.59 Kina SDG Sudanese Pound 0.000798 1253.793 MOP Macau Pataca 0.000355 2816.232 NIO Nicaraguan Cordoba 0.001375 727.0643 BMD Bermudian Dollar 4.39E-05 22770.27 KZT Kazakhstani Tenge 0.014471 69.10473 PAB Panamanian Balboa 4.39E-05 22770.27 Bosnian Convertible BAM 7.2E-05 13885.51 Marka GYD Guyanese Dollar 0.009222 108.4419 YER Yemeni Rial 0.010977 91.10163 MGA Malagasy Ariary 0.141633 7.060477 KYD Caymanian Dollar 3.6E-05 27754 MZN Mozambican Metical 0.002632 379.9706 RSD Serbian Dinar 0.00435 229.8629 SCR Seychellois Rupee 0.000605 1654.212 AMD Armenian Dram 0.021352 46.8341 Solomon Islander SBD 0.000341 2935.07 Dollar AZN Azerbaijan Manat 7.47E-05 13394.28 Sierra Leonean SLL 0.337281 2.964883 Leone TOP Tongan Pa'anga 9.73E-05 10281.06 BZD Belizean Dollar 8.85E-05 11298.93 MWK Malawian Kwacha 0.031643 31.60283 GMD Gambian Dalasi 0.002071 482.9406 BIF Burundian Franc 0.07818 12.79104 SOS Somali Shilling 0.025472 39.25905 HTG Haitian Gourde 0.002797 357.4635 GNF Guinean Franc 0.39745 2.516038 MVR Maldivian Rufiyaa 0.000688 1453.138 MNT Mongolian Tughrik 0.105147 9.510506 CDF Congolese Franc 0.069384 14.41248

25 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Currency Currency name ▲▼ Units per VND VND per Unit code ▲▼ STN Sao Tomean Dobra 0.000904 1106.454 TJS Tajikistani Somoni 0.000394 2539.454 KPW North Korean Won 0.039521 25.30302 MMK Burmese Kyat 0.058879 16.98403 LSL Basotho Loti 0.000551 1816.196 LRD Liberian Dollar 0.005803 172.3105 KGS Kyrgyzstani Som 0.003019 331.2671 GIP Gibraltar Pound 3.24E-05 30888.49 XPT Platinum Ounce 4.79E-08 20869991 MDL Moldovan Leu 0.000728 1372.732 CUP Cuban Peso 0.001164 859.2556 KHR Cambodian Riel 0.17773 5.626523 MKD Macedonian Denar 0.002262 442.1462 VUV Ni-Vanuatu Vatu 0.004835 206.8427 Mauritanian MRU 0.001561 640.523 Ouguiya ANG Dutch Guilder 7.87E-05 12703.35 SZL Swazi Lilangeni 0.000551 1816.196 Cape Verdean CVE 0.00406 246.2836 Escudo SRD Surinamese Dollar 0.000327 3058.444 XPD Palladium Ounce 4.55E-08 21968613 SVC Salvadoran Colon 0.000384 2602.317 BSD Bahamian Dollar 4.39E-05 22770.27 IMF Special Drawing XDR 3.07E-05 32525.1 Rights RWF Rwandan Franc 0.037545 26.63503 Aruban or Dutch AWG 7.86E-05 12720.82 Guilder DJF Djiboutian Franc 0.007788 128.4087 BTN Bhutanese Ngultrum 0.00295 339.0105 KMF Comorian Franc 0.018115 55.20218 WST Samoan Tala 0.000113 8876.034 SPL Seborgan Luigino 7.32E-06 136621.6 ERN Eritrean Nakfa 0.000659 1518.018 Falkland Island FKP 3.24E-05 30888.49 Pound Saint Helenian SHP 3.24E-05 30888.49 Pound JEP Jersey Pound 3.24E-05 30888.49 Turkmenistani TMT 0.000154 6506.107 Manat TVD Tuvaluan Dollar 5.84E-05 17136.15

26 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Currency Currency name ▲▼ Units per VND VND per Unit code ▲▼ IMP Isle of Man Pound 3.24E-05 30888.49 GGP Guernsey Pound 3.24E-05 30888.49 ZMW Zambian Kwacha

expenses as a particular lifestyle demands. Cost of Living in Egypt Cooking at home with local ingredients, eating out locally a few times a month and The cost of living in Egypt is low by Western avoiding top-of-the-line fashion boutiques standards, although it is higher than some will allow a comfortable standard of living other countries in the Middle East. on a reasonable budget.

In the Mercer Cost of Living Survey for Local goods are reasonably priced but 2016, Cairo was ranked as the 91st most imported products are costly and should be expensive country out of 209 countries avoided if possible. Expats should explore surveyed. Its ranking showed a similar cost local bazaars and markets to find of living to Jakarta, Indonesia and Muscat, inexpensive local goods. Oman. Cost of Cost of accommodation in Egypt Public schools in Egypt can be attended Expats will find that accommodation prices free of charge, but many expat parents vary according to area and of course, the prefer to send their children to an size and quality of accommodation. Living international school. These schools tend to in large cities will generally push the price have shockingly high fees though, so they of rent up, while expats living in smaller may not be suitable for expats on a budget towns or rural areas will find lower prices. or those whose salary package doesn't include education expenses. Cost of Cost of healthcare and banking in The price of petrol in Egypt is generally Egypt cheap but can be prone to sudden spikes in cost. Public transport is very attractively Health insurance is advised as healthcare priced. Taxis are also affordable and the for foreigners tends to be in private price of a trip can be negotiated with the hospitals and clinics. driver, although Westerners may find it Some Egyptian banks impose hefty fees difficult to secure the same rate as locals. and service charges and have poor exchange rates. International banks may Cost of food and entertainment in be a better choice. Egypt Cost of living in Egypt chart Food, drink and clothing can consume as Prices may vary depending on product and much or as little of the household service provider. The list below shows average prices for Cairo in December 2016.

Cost of Traveling to Egypt

How much money will you need in Egypt? E£388 ($22) is the average daily price for traveling in Egypt. The average price of food for one day is E£98 ($5.52). The average price of a hotel for a couple is E£412 ($23). Additional pricing is in the table below. These average travel prices have been collected from other travelers to help you plan your own travel budget.

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28 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com HEALTH AND SICKNESS

Vaccine and Medication

Travel Health Notices

There are no notices currently in effect for Egypt.

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LEARNING THE LANGUAGE

Egypt Important Phrases

Phrase in Arabic Meaning in English Notes/Usage Asalam alaikum Peace be with you Used when you initiate a greeting, also used to say goodbye And peace be with Used with you reply to a greeting (someone says asalam Walaikum salam you alaikum to you) Marhaba Hello Ma-salama Goodbye Literal meaning: "with safety" Naam Yes Aywah Yes/yeah Used more commonly than "naam" La No Shukran Thank you La, shukran No, thank you How are you? (to a Use either one Izayak/Aml eh? male) How are you? (to a Use either one Izayik/Amla eh? female) Where is the toilet? Hammam fayn?

Ayz hammam (m) I need a toilet Use if you are male Ayzah hammam (f) I need a toilet Use if you are female My name is ______Used if you are male or female. You can also omit the "ana" and Ana ismee _____ say "Ismee _____" Ana min ______I'm from ______Ma-rafshee at-kalam I don't speak Arabic Arabee Do you speak Bit-kalam inglayzi? English?

CULTURE, TABOOS, SOCIETY AND DIFFERENCES

Islam in Egypt

Islam is practiced by the majority of Torah and Jesus the Bible, Muhammad Egyptians and governs their personal, brought the last book, the Quran. The political, economic and legal lives. Quran and the actions of the Prophet (the Sunnah) are used as the basis for all Islam emanated from what is today Saudi guidance in the religion. Arabia. The Prophet Muhammad is seen as the last of God's emissaries (following in Among certain obligations for Muslims are the footsteps of Jesus, Moses, Abraham, to pray five times a day - at dawn, noon, etc.) to bring revelation to mankind. He afternoon, sunset, and evening. The exact was distinguished with bringing a message time is listed in the local newspaper each for the whole of mankind, rather than just day. Friday is the Muslim holy day. to a certain peoples. As Moses brought the Everything is closed. Many companies also

30 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com close on Thursday, making the weekend Social Class Thursday and Friday. • Social class is very apparent in Egypt During the holy month of Ramadan all since it determines your access to power Muslims must fast from dawn to dusk and and position. are only permitted to work six hours: per • The social class an Egyptian is born into day. Fasting includes no eating, drinking, dictates their everyday life and the cigarette smoking, or gum chewing. opportunities they will have. Expatriates are not required to fast; • There are three social classes: upper, however, they must not eat, drink, smoke, middle, and lower. or chew gum in public. Each night at • Status is defined more by family sunset, families and friends gather background than by absolute wealth. together to celebrate the breaking of the • There is little social mobility. fast (iftar). The festivities often continue well into the night. In general, things Etiquette and Customs in Egypt happen more slowly during Ramadan. Many businesses operate on a reduced Meeting Etiquette schedule. Shops may be open and closed at unusual times. • Greetings are based on both class and the religion of the person. Family Values • It is best to follow the lead of the Egyptian you are meeting. • The family is the most significant unit of • Handshakes are the customary greeting Egyptian society. among individuals of the same sex. • Kinship plays an important role in all • Handshakes are somewhat limp and social relations. prolonged, although they are always given • The individual is always subordinate to with a hearty smile and direct eye contact. the family, tribe or group. • Once a relationship has developed, it is • Nepotism is viewed positively, since it is common to kiss on one cheek and then the patronage of one's family. other while shaking hands, men with men • The family consists of both the nuclear and women with women. and the extended family. • In any greeting between men and • Honour is an important facet of women, the woman must extend her hand interpersonal relationships. first. If she does not, a man should bow his • Respect and esteem for people is both a head in greeting. right and an obligation. • An individual's honour is intricately Gift Giving Etiquette entwined with the reputation and honour of everyone in their family. • If you are invited to an Egyptian's home • Honour requires that Egyptians for dinner, bring good quality chocolates, demonstrate hospitality to friends and sweets or pastries to the hostess. guests. • Do not give flowers, which are usually • It also dictates that people dress as well reserved for weddings or the ill, unless you as their financial circumstances allow, and know that the hosts would appreciate show proper respect and deference to their them. elders and those in authority. • A small gift for the children shows • A man's word is considered his bond and affection. to go back on your word is to bring dishonor • Always give gifts with the right hand or to your family. both hands if the gift is heavy. • Gifts are not opened when received

31 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Dining Etiquette themselves “white”, which by western standards they’re North Africans/Middle- If you are invited into an Egyptian's Eastern. house: • You would normally remove your shoes Usually the things that Egyptians refuse to before entering. believe about Egypt: • Dress well and conservatively. Appearances are important to Egyptians. • A general lack of belief in science, lack • Compliment the host on the house. of scientific means to gather insights, on both the public and private sides of the Table manners country.

• Wait for the host or hostess to tell you • Prostitution, drugs, weapons, and where to sit. antiques trafficking are among the • Eat with the right hand only. evergreen industries in Egypt. • It is considered a sincere compliment to take second helpings. • The black market is much greater in size • Always show appreciation for the meal. and impact than the “white market”. • Salting your food is considered 'unnecessary'. • If illegal products and services would all disappear one day, it’s highly likely that Leave a small amount of food on your Egypt would face a severe economic crisis. plate when you have finished eating. Otherwise they will keep filling it up • All economic indicators are inaccurate, for you! and often irrelevant, as the Egyptian economy consists of three main funnels, 1- Cultural Taboos in Egypt Black market’s economy, which includes every illegal activity, 2- The Army’s n Egypt there are multiple dimensions to economy, as the Egyptian Army is a main taboos. In some social circles talking about player in fields like FMCG, Oil and Gas, sex for example is considered just regular Construction Services… with “Classified” conversational material and in others, it's balance sheets that are not open to the the taboo of all taboos. public, and 3- The white market’s economy, as the main source of all The same can be said about LGBTQI+ economic indicators. issues and support, feminism, dress, etc…. The primary dependent factor of course is • Hash is the most popular drug in Egypt, Income, the higher someone’s income followed by weed (which is usually cheap bracket, the more likely that they hold with a low level of quality), followed by progressive views, and their social circles several types of chemical pills. as well. the less their income bracket, the more likely that they hold regressive views • There are “Playstation Shops” in Egypt, as well as their social circles are part of. in which you can rent a Playstation and pay based on an hourly rate. The one dimension where almost all of Egypt is progressive in is Race, there is only • Playstation shops are the second most benign Racism that exists manifesting itself popular hangout places for Egyptian youth, in racist cliches and jokes, but Egypt after Coffee Shops… Both businesses are doesn't have the Western concept of race usually unregistered, illegal, and a part of in its culture and in fact the majority of the black market’s economy. them somehow consider • “Blaming the victim” is among the most common syndromes in the Egyptian

32 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com • society. Why shall we bother ourselves Sudan have their own unique cultural with your problem when we can simply heritage in terms of traditions, norms, blame you for it? values, clothing, songs, art… and even their own unwritten language, descending from Citizens of Egypt can’t possibly be grouped an ancient Nubian state that used to be a under the umbrella of a single culture. With rival of the pharaohs. Unlike Nubians, the relatively huge distances, there are Pharaohs have vanished with almost all of significant differences among Egyptian their cultural aspects; however, a few of sub-cultures. For instance, people of Sinai their traditions have survived along with (the huge piece of land next to the Gaza their pyramids, sphinx, temples and Strip) usually referred to as “Arabs of Sinai” statues. have their own cultural aspects that are closest to the lifestyle of “Arabs” residing in Even the highly consumable traditional the desert a thousand years ago. When the societal judgments are sometimes denied people of Nubia who reside in the south of to exist by some of the members of such a Egypt, and north of society… even if admitted; they’re no too much out on a table of discussion.

Traditional judgement

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Culture Shock in Egypt Egyptian abruptness shouldn’t be Life in Egypt is very different to the West interpreted as rudeness. Often someone is and expats may experience culture trying to be helpful, the curtness a result of shock. Traffic obeys an unwritten code of poor English or a misplaced sense of chaos; to buy a bed one will need to visit urgency. both a frame maker and a mattress seller; building sites begin work at sunrise and Expat have deliveries at 2am; and the call to prayer happens five times each day. It is an unfortunate truth that a few Egyptian men see foreign women as the People are brusque one minute and answer to their suppressed dreams. incredibly helpful the next; many shops Cinema and TV have planted the idea that expect patrons to barter (the asking price Western women are promiscuous and being at least double the going rate); and available. Harassment, ranging from a power cuts and petrol shortages are part of lascivious stare to 'accidental' contact is everyday life. Egypt can be frustrating but common, and rape – although rare – does its friendly people and fascinating culture happen. Even a friendly smile to a hotel more than compensate for these receptionist can be interpreted as an challenges. expression of interest.

Language and communication in Egypt Recommended methods of dealing with this include avoiding eye contact, keeping Arabic is among the hardest languages to conversations business-like and not learn. The written form does not use vowels allowing physical contact. Repeated and each consonant has four variations, requests not to be touched, at increasing depending on where in the word it appears. volume, will usually ward off unwanted The grammatical function of verbs changes advances. Other ploys include chatting according to person, gender, number, about one’s husband and several children tense, mood, and voice. Arabic has several (real or not), wearing a wedding ring, and dialects and Egyptian is but one. Many refusing offers of food and drink from phrase books, dictionaries and even Google strangers. Translate do not differentiate between them. Westerners find learning numbers Egyptians are very friendly and in a tricky and speaking a few basic phrases situation expat women can turn to a straightforward, and getting the gist of passing local woman for help. She will conversations by picking up on a few key invariably be happy to assist. If travelling words will come with time. with a male friend, referring to him as a husband is better than calling him a Most Egyptians who deal with foreigners boyfriend or partner. Appropriate dress can speak some English. In fact, many speak help avoid problems, but even Egyptian German, Russian and a smattering of other women wearing burqas are hassled. There languages too. That said, it isn’t always are women-only coaches on the Cairo easy to know if an expat has truly been metro and Alexandria trams. understood by locals. “Yes” often replaces “I don’t understand”. Locals strive to please The concept of time in Egypt and to earn a living. Sometimes, the best policy is to phone a friend, someone who Egyptians are keen to show respect for speaks Arabic and good English and ask their foreign visitors and will try to be on them to act as a translator. time. Business appointments are usually held close to schedule, Cairo traffic permitting, but tradesmen’s concepts of

34 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com time may astonish. "Morning" can be any women meeting men for the first time. time between 6am and 4pm, and a plumber Some consider it correct for the woman to who promises to come during the evening initiate the handshake; others feel this is can knock on the door at 2am. too forward. A foreigner will have more leeway in this than Egyptian women. Social engagements are flexible and Courtesy, respect and a sense of humour arriving half an hour late will not cause will paper over any etiquette faux pas. offence. Religion in Egypt

Meeting and greeting in Egypt The vast majority of Egypt is Muslim, with most being Sunni Muslim, the largest The handshake is ubiquitous between men. branch of Islam. A small percentage of the Expats will shake hands with anyone they population is Christian. Religion is central have any business with, whether it’s a local to the social and legal framework of the shopkeeper, a waiter or a hotel manager. country. When introduced to a group, it's customary to shake the hands of everyone present. If expats find someone at prayer, it is polite Handshakes tend to be limp and prolonged to allow them to finish – this usually takes and should include eye contact and a smile. only a few minutes. The Muslim holy day is Friday, beginning at sunset the previous Family members and men who know each day. For Christians, the day of rest is other well will kiss, touching cheek to Sunday, so it can be difficult to determine cheek three or four times. Advice varies for on which day a business will be closed.

AVOIDING SCAMS AND TRAPS

1. Tour Guides at the Pyramids that they can be quite persistent so stand your ground and don’t give in. No visit to Cairo is complete without a day visit to the Giza Pyramids. Nevertheless, 2. Being Charged for Taking Pictures going to the pyramids isn’t always as straightforward as walking up to the gates You may be told that you have to pay to and simply buying a ticket to go in. As you have a picture taken with a local or an approach the entrance to the Giza Plateau, employee at an ancient site or tourist even while in a taxi, you will see no attraction. In principle, there’s nothing end of people offering to escort you in and wrong with that, except that you will be around the pyramids. Some will go as far told to pay only after taking the picture, as to tell you that you can’t even go in even it was shot with your own camera. through the main gates and that you must Don’t believe a word of it. If you would like take a side door on horseback! You will of to take a picture with someone, ask if they course be forced to pay an extortionate will charge you for it first. There are price if you choose this route. Don’t no official guidelines; it is an entirely believe it. You can enter the complex just informal hustle. fine through the official entrance either with a car or on foot. Despite what the 3. Inflated Prices tour guides will tell you, having them show you around is not obligatory. You’re more Strolling through Egypt’s numerous than free to stroll around on your own historical bazaars, you will most likely unassisted and unaccompanied. Either stumble upon a few beautifully handcrafted respectfully refuse or just ignore them on items you would like to buy. the way and while you’re inside. Be aware

35 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com 7. Insincere Hospitality Unless the price is explicitly written, always assume the price you are quoted is several Egyptians are well known worldwide for times more than it should actually be. their friendliness and hospitality, and, for Always haggle and be a tough the most part, it is genuine and negotiator. Start off by stating you want it sincere. However, there are still a minority for a quarter of the price and work who will exploit this reputation, especially your way up from there. Ask if they were young Egyptian men trying to acquaint handmade in Egypt and carefully study the themselves with foreign women. If you are items as well, as there are many cheap a woman, especially if you are travelling Chinese mimics. alone or in a group of other women, you may come across young men in Egypt 4. Paying in a Foreign Currency trying to invite you along to an 'event' or 'party', and it may just be at their house. It You may be asked to pay in the currency of is extremely likely that there is an ulterior your country (especially if it's USD, motive behind these overly generous GBP, or EUR) for a good or service. Know offers. Sexual assault and violence against that without a doubt, this is not necessary. women is a worldwide phenomenon and Egyptian pounds are good enough Egypt is no stranger to it. This is not to say to pay for everything unless clearly stated be completely untrustworthy or to always in writing. assume the worst, but just don’t take the risk and stick with locals that you trust. 5. Taxi Fares

If you choose to hail a cab on the street, POSITIVES AND always ask if the meter is working before entering. In Cairo, all white cabs are fitted NEGATIVES OF LIVING with meters and are required to use them IN EGYPT by law. A minority of taxis have meters that have been tampered with, so keep an eye Living in Egypt is a wild mix of extreme out for ones that are going up just a little pleasures and extreme dissatisfactions. too fast. However, many still choose to This is highly dependent on your budget. switch them off in hopes of charging higher fares. Some will charge tourists very high On the one hand, living in Cairo exposes prices and wait until the end of the journey you to a culture that is an interesting mix to quote you their price. In Cairo, the older of Middle Eastern, Mediterranean and Arab black and white taxis are fitted with meters cultures. Everything from food to other that do not work and you’ll have to traditions is so much richer than other negotiate the trip fare with them. Agree on boring places, especially if you're coming a price before your journey starts to avoid from a small European city. Again, if you expensive surprises. Use Uber’s fare have a good budget, you'll be able to estimates to get the best idea possible of experience the pleasures of Europe and how much a given journey should cost. your everyday habits while in Egypt, which

makes for an interesting mix. Similarly, 6. Fake Taxis having almost uninterrupted sunshine

throughout the year is something There have been several fake taxis driving Egyptians take for granted but around Cairo recently. They are very easy to spot. They’ll be all white just like the quickly realize how much of a blessing it is licensed cabs however their license when they travel abroad. The weather is plates will be blue, and they won’t be truly superb. Having access to not one but fitted with meters at all. All licensed taxis two seas with great climate and water to across Egypt have orange license plates. swim in within 2 hrs driving time is a great Any other colour is not a cab. feature of Cairo, too. As mentioned before,

36 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com some people are exceptionally hospitable • Almost every place, from stores or and courteous. restaurants to pharmacies and clinics, are open till late at night. On the other hand, things don't go in any • The culture is slowly changing, breaking systemic way whatsoever. A+B does not taboos, people trying to make a change. always equal C. If you apply for a credit card and it’s supposed to be issued within Cons 3–5 working days, it might as well take 10 business days. If the website of the • Many people are very discriminatory; government says you can get a specific negative and even hostile towards women, document from a specific authority, they different religions, different political may know nothing about that; getting opinions. things done in Egypt can sometimes be • Women suffer strongly from verbal or painful for no clear reason. sometimes physical sexual harassment on a daily basis. Moreover, Egyptians are often very • Economy is going down the drain. Prices discriminative and non-tolerant, especially going up and job security is falling down. towards people who refuse to follow the • Hard to find a fulfilling and decent “norm” like homosexuality and atheism. paying job. Furthermore, traffic in Cairo is far from • Getting good education and perfect; getting from point A to point B is is very expensive. often a road trip, even if the distance is • Too much car traffic. 5km. Which brings us to infrastructure: healthcare, transportation and education are relatively poor, unless you are willing ACCOMMODATION to pay huge amounts of money for all of them, respectively. How to find a rental in Egypt

To sum up: While there are several resources available to aid your search for an Egyptian rental, Positive you will often find the best tactic is to approach doormen (bowwabs) in the part • Culture of town you find appealing and ask for any • Ability to live Western lifestyle in exotic vacancies. atmosphere • Weather The best way to start your search is to • Hospitality narrow down where exactly it is that you want to live. Odds are that you will be living Negative in either Cairo or Alexandria as a foreigner, • Bureaucracy and Inconsistency in and these cities each have districts that are governmental processes particularly popular among foreign • Discrimination residents. • Infrastructure In Cairo, the Nile island of Zamalek and the Pros newer buildings in Maadi are extremely popular among foreign residents. They • The people are very kind, generous, offer more convenient access to better- friendly and fun to be around. stocked grocery stores, accommodations are generally nicer and they ensure you will • So many activities and things you can have the opportunity of meeting foreign do, it’s a fairly diverse place. neighbours. Zamalek in particular features • You can find pretty cheap places to eat a number of excellent restaurants, hotels and hangout. and clubs.

37 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com You literally pay a price for these conveniences – rent can be considerably In the event that you do use a real estate more expensive in these areas. If you’re agent, you should expect to pay a open to more modest accommodations commission equivalent to one month’s rent (and some occasional day-to-day hardship on your property. In some cases, the agent in terms of communication and shopping) may collect this fee from the landlord you will certainly be able to obtain a rather than you, the tenant. cheaper rental. Be aware that most real estate agents will Once you’ve determined roughly not offer much help when it comes to price whereabouts you would like to live, you can negotiations. In most cases, they serve as simply start pounding the pavement and matchmakers rather than dealmakers – asking bowwabs about vacancies in your make sure to negotiate the rent with your neighbourhood of choice. You will need landlord before you settle. decent Arabic (or an Arabic-speaking friend) to make any headway, but you will Accomodation Rates and Prices find most bowwabs knowledgeable about Baksheesh the buildings (their job is to maintain them, after all) and the cost of rent. If you find a In Cairo - everyone must be tipped. Known place you like, the bowwabwill also be able as baksheesh, this can be quite frustrating. to put you in touch with a Check your receipts at shops to make sure building’s simsar (landlord) for more it wasn't charged without your knowing. formal negotiations. This charge can be contested if you ask about the charge. There are also numerous broadsheets published in Arabic with real estate listings. Prepare for your Housing Search These are helpful for efficiently narrowing down options within a given area, though Research, research, and introspection you will need a decent familiarity with the should define your pre-accommodation Arabic language (or again, help from a search. Familiarize yourself with the native speaker) to make any sense of different areas and find where you want to them. Don’t limit yourself to the listings, live. Read blogs from the area, find official however – these kinds of publications are resources, visit the different areas. Ask far from comprehensive. Even if you fail to yourself questions like: find any listings in an area you like, it should not discourage you from checking How big a place do you want? A studio? A things out in person. three room flat? Where do you want to live? Somewhere Real estate agents in Egypt close to your work? In the trendiest part of town? East or West? If you are looking for a higher-end rental, What's your price range? you may find a real estate agent quite With answers to these important questions helpful. There are real estate offices you can begin to think of a specific place. located throughout all major Egyptian cities, and agents often speak decent Short-term Accommodation English. A real estate agent will be able to show you a number of properties and then Short-term accommodation can help you make arrangements to see them. and your family get situated after the move without having to make any permanent Agents are particularly useful when it decisions quite yet. They also offer the comes to locating upscale properties, and opportunity to get to know the area and you will likely find their budget offerings your needs before picking permanent relatively sparse. For this reason, estate accommodations. agents are likely a less-than-ideal resource for young expats and students.

38 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com As a Muslim country, followers of Islam are A serviced apartment in Cairo usually summoned for prayer five times a day from features such amenities as high speed loudspeakers at the top of . Before Internet, air-conditioning, fully fitted signing a lease, stop by the property at a kitchen, quality furnishings, daily maid time that coincides with the prayer call to service, laundry Service, daily continental assess the sound level from inside the breakfast. To find the perfect short-term property. rental, go to Subrent. Expats in Cairo Flatsharing Expats in Cairo usually live in apartments, A flatshare is usually a great value and can duplexes and villas on a rental basis. If you provide an expat with an opportunity to get are in Cairo with a company, they usually to know a new city with a local. A room in make all the arrangements for you and a shared apartment costs about EGP 1,500. some companies even have long-term housing already established for their An important trait in any roommate expatriate employees. situation is having boundaries and a clear understanding of what each roommate Popular areas include Maadi, Digla, requires. To protect yourself against Zamalek, and Garden City. Maadi and Digla potential problems, make sure to have a are close to shopping malls, movie contract that explicitly states rights and theaters, restaurants, gyms and schools. responsibilities. Zamalek and Garden City are located in downtown Cairo where traffic volume is Hostel high. The American, British and German international schools are in that area. Hostels are generally the cheapest option and provide a clean and safe temporary Foreigners are often treated differently abode. There is often a closing time at than locals and may be charged more. hostels that can be as early as 20:00, but Landlords will often approach new is usually at midnight. They may also have immigrants with random rent increases. lock-out times during the day while the This is one of the reasons why it is hostel is being cleaned. They may also important to have a contract with an require light household duties like agreed upon price in writing. Refuse an sweeping, cleaning dishes, etc. increase until at least six months.

Renting Property in Egypt People will spread that word that a foreigner has moved in and you may be Housing Market approached by people offering various services such as ironing or cleaning. Be Many citizens of Cairo live in what expats polite and friendly, but you do not have to would consider sub-standard housing. accept their services. There are also extremely luxurious accommodations, and a plethora of Note that single women living in flats alone accommodations that are accustomed to is not common in Egypt. Men coming to a housing expats. women's flat is seen as improper. If you have family over, let the landlord Most buildings offer a bowab, a doorman. or bowab know ahead of time as they will This is an important character as they ease the neighbor's minds about the arrange services and help with housing situation. issues. It is customary to tip them once a month, (20 LE is suitable).

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Prices ask friends, neighbors, and contacts if they know of available properties. Prices are often different for locals and Foreigners. Some Foreigners report having Expat and social forums and classified's are success with an Egyptian setting-up another resource for apartment seekers. appointments. Expect to pay about EGP You can get realistic expectations of what 2,500 - 3,000 for rent for a 2-bedroom it's like to live in Cairo as well as make apartment. helpful contacts. Check out Easy Expat's Egypt forum and network to How to Search for a Rental connect with expats there.

Online Listing The bulletin board at the American University in Cairo is another place to look Online listings can give you a feel for the for listings. Many landlords post here with market and allow you to determine if a properties aimed at foreign students, place fits your specifications before you especially at the beginning of each spend time going to look at it. semester. If you aren't a student, you should let the landlord know when you are Estate Agent looking.

In Egypt people will often use To meet Cairo's business community a semsarr (apartment agent or finder). the American Chamber of Commerce offers Once you find a semsarr, tell them what great connections. type of flat you require, the area you wish to live in, your budget range, and as many Publications details as possible. A good agent knows the legal pitfalls and has access to a variety of There are Egyptian English magazines housing and they can show you flats found at most hotels that list rental immediately. Semsarr receive a companies in the back classifieds area. commission from the landlord, and you are These companies offer both agents and not required to pay them unless they find a listings. suitable flat. There is also no problem using the services of several semsarrs. It is There are also smaller English publications advisable that you approach only reputable like "Maadi Community Times". companies to help in your search for a home. Visiting Apartments

While viewing apartments with a rental If you are not familiar with Arabic, try to agent, be sure to ask to see a wide range bring a friend or advisor. Contracts and of housing options. As a foreigner, many rental agents will assume that you want a details will almost always be in Arabic, as lavish or expensive apartment, or the will negotiations. landlord may be asking for more than the Almost all apartments are offered actual value of the apartment. Be sure to furnished. Make sure to pay particular do your research ahead of time by asking attention to the functionality of: your fellow expats in Cairo how much their rent is, and remember there are always water heater options for every budget. telephone electrical plugs Networking & Public Postings stove fridge Egypt is a country where networking will bathrooms provide you with some of your best options. Spread the word that you are looking and

40 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Contracts The ownership of land by foreigners is Rental contracts must be in writing. If the governed by three laws: Law No. 15 of owner does not want to write out an 1963, Law No. 143 of 1981 and Law No. agreement- insist. This is a vital step to 230 of 1996. protect yourself. Landlords will often take a photocopy of your passport as well. Law No. 15 of 1963 Provides that no foreigners, whether Agreements should include: natural or legal persons, may acquire agricultural land. Landlord's and tenant's names Identification of the rented property and its Law No. 143 of 1981 use Governs the acquisition and ownership of Term of rental desert land. Certain limits are placed on the Rent and additional charges number of feddans (one feddan is equal to approximately one hectare) that may be Deposit owned by individuals, families, co- operatives, partnerships and corporations. It is not a legal requirement that landlords Partnerships are permitted to own need to have a deposit, but they usually 10,000 feddans, provided that the ask for one. A deposit should be the same individual shall not own more then 150 amount as one month’s rent. It is often feddans. Joint stock companies are difficult to extract the deposit upon leaving. permitted to own 50,000 feddans. The Try to confirm the details of a returned lease of such land for more than a period deposit in the contract. of 50 years shall also be considered to be ownership under Law 143. Notice Law No. 230 of 1996 The term of required notice is written in to This law allows non-Egyptians to own real the contract. You should give at least 30 estate whether built or vacant with the days’ notice. following conditions:

Upon leaving a property, you should again That ownership be limited to only two real inspect it with the landlord and discuss any estate properties throughout Egypt for issues or necessary repairs. Damages are accommodation purposes of the person usually taken out of the deposit, and the and his family (family meaning spouses remaining deposit returned. and minors), in addition to the right to own real estate needed for activities licensed by the Egyptian Government. Buying Properties in Egypt That the area of each real estate not be in Expats Buying Real Estate Foreigners can excess of four thousand square meters. purchase property in Egypt, but cannot register more than two pieces of real estate That the real estate is not a historical site. which cannot exceed 4,000 square meters (sq. m.) and may only have residential Exemption from first and second conditions purpose. The purchase sum must be is subject to the approval of the Prime brought into Egypt in foreign exchange. Minister. Ownership in tourist areas and new communities is subject to The property cannot be sold or rented for conditions established by the Cabinet of the first five years. If the property is rented Ministers Non-Egyptians owning vacant out after this period, property owned by a real estate in Egypt must build within a foreigner must be rented furnished. period of five years from the date their ownership is effective (the date on which Laws the realty is recorded at the competent

41 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Notary Public Office). Non-Egyptians may remember there are always options for only sell their real estate five years after every budget. If your agent won't show you registration of ownership, unless the them, find a new agent. consent of the Prime Minister is obtained. Networking & Public Postings How to Search for Real Estate Egypt is a country where networking will You should first determine what exactly provide you with some of your best options. you are looking for. Spread the word that you are looking and What's your price range? ask friends, neighbors, and contacts if they Where do you want to live? know of available properties. Do you want to live in a house or a flat? How many rooms do you need? Expat and social forums and classified's are Would you prefer a modern home, or another resource for apartment seekers. something traditional? You can get realistic expectations of what Do you require certain amenities like a it's like to live in Cairo as well as make gym, doormen, etc? helpful contacts. Check out Easy Do you have pets? Expat's Egypt forum and network to connect with expats there. Online Listing Process of Sale Online listings can give you a feel for the market and allow you to determine if a Once you have found a home you want to place fits your specifications before you purchase, you will be required to pay a spend time going to look at it. holding deposit of 10 percent of the purchase price. . You must also ensure the Estate Agent property is truly available for purchase.

In Egypt people will often use First, have a solicitor check the registration a semsarr (apartment agent or finder). status of the property. This can take up to Once you find a semsarr, tell them what four months as title deeds are examined. type of flat you require, the area you wish This is a difficult step in which only 10 to live in, your budget range, and as many percent of Egyptian homes fulfil this details as possible. A good agent knows requirement. the legal pitfalls and has access to a variety Second, the lawyer needs to find out if of housing and they can show you flats there are any outstanding debts registered immediately. Semsarr receive a against the property. commission from the landlord, and you are not required to pay them unless they find a Third, ensure that all real estate taxes suitable flat. There is also no problem using levied against the property are fully paid the services of several semsarrs. It is and up-to-date advisable that you approach only reputable companies to help in your search for a Fourth, review and sign the sales contract. home. Be aware that this contract is not legally binding unless it is bilingual. While viewing apartments with an agent, The final step is to register the purchase be sure to ask to see a wide range of through the courts. This process costs in housing options. As a foreigner, many excess of 500 euros. agents assume that you want a lavish or expensive apartment, or the landlord may be asking for more than the actual value of the apartment. Be sure to do your research Mortgage ahead of time by asking your fellow expats in Cairo how much their rent is, and

42 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com The mortgage industry in Egypt is still very Real Estate Agent's Fees: Real estate new. The purchase sum must be brought agent fees are around 2.5 from 3 percent. into Egypt in foreign exchange, through There is also a 10 percent sales tax which one of the public commercial banks is paid by the seller. (though this provision of the law is not enforced). Many Foreigners prefer to Transfer Tax: Sale or transfer of finance purchases in their home country. immovable property is subject to transfer Some Egyptian developers now provide tax, 2.5 percent. loans in order to encourage you to buy their particular properties, but these tend to be Capital Gains Tax: A Capital Gains Tax is over a limited period of time. charged on gross gains and is classified as a transaction cost. Capital Gains Tax is Larger Egyptian banks will provide a loan, imposed on the sale of land and buildings but these are usually at a considerably high within the boundaries of an Egyptian city at rate and only for a short period. Some the rate of 2.5 percent of gross gains of the western banks based in Egypt may also be seller. an option, but these are unfortunately uncommon. Investment

Registering Property When buying property as an investment, you must be certain that you can afford to To register property, the total payable is buy and hold the investment over the long under 3 percent registration fee at LE 2,000 term as there are costs and risks involved (regardless of the purchase price of the in disposal and acquisition. Get property). The process still takes independent advice and proceed with approximately 72 days. caution.

To register: Auction

• Request for registration presented by Buying at auction is very exciting and can the buyer. offer you a significant savings. Note that • Site inspection by the measurement most properties are sold cheaply, but may department. need extensive renovation. This option is • Payment and issuance of the inspector's not recommended for first time buyers, and report (maqbul). even experienced buyers should bring a • Final contract is drafted and approved at friend or advisor as a second opinion. the Lawyers Syndicate. • The buyer obtains the contract from the How to Find an Apartment in Egypt real estate registry. • Seller and buyer sign the contract before Egypt is a country in the northeastern the real estate registrar. corner of Africa. It shares borders with the • The buyer picks-up the new Gaza Strip, Israel, Sudan, and Libya. The contract/title at the real estate registry. official language is Arabic. Fees

Legal Fees: The highly complex purchasing process makes for high legal fees. Legal documents written in Arabic are the only ones recognized in courts. Legal

fees usually amount to about 3 percent of Classifieds and Real Estate Agents property value.

43 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com You can often find some hidden gems if you dig through the classifieds and real estate agent listings. GETTING TO KNOW

• Craigslist: Pioneers in the internet THE LOCALS classifieds space. These guys have tons of Cairo apartment options that are updated This might sound obvious, but it is a very daily. Craigslist is the first place I would important step towards making local check after testing out the Egypt-specific friends. Even in countries where people search engines. tend to speak English as a second • Property Finder: Property Finder language, at some point they are going to aggregates apartment listings from various talk their native language and when you sources, including real estate agencies and don’t manage that language, you will feel other places on the web. excluded. In the beginning, people tend to adapt for you, translate things for you, but General Apartment and Housing after a while it will be harder for them to Search Engines keep adapting themselves for you. If you have already exhausted your options above, check out the general apartment Dedicating your first months abroad to and housing search engines below. learning the language will definitely pay off in the long run. Learning the local • Trip Advisor: Trip Advisor is a great language, at least a little bit, is a way to destination for vacation rentals. Search respect the people of the country you are around this site to see what you come up staying in, and having local friends can with. actually help you a great deal to learn it! • HomeAway.com: A giant in the So ask people if they want to help you, tell vacation rental space with properties them you are looking for conversational featured in countries around the world. partners. • Airbnb: Airbnb has properties displayed for over 185 countries. You can often get 1. Join a sport/club/anything some pretty good deals for short term rentals. Why not use your time abroad exploring things you have always wanted to do? Join Useful Articles and Blog Posts a club, go play a new sport or try learning how to play a new instrument. Doing those Check out the useful articles and blog posts things you will most likely meet new below for more information to help you with people. Not only that, these people will also your apartment search. already be interested in the same things as you! Meeting like-minded people on a • Amargi: Amargi has tips and tricks for regular basis is one of the best ways to finding an apartment in Cairo. meet new people, and it also gives you the • Cairo 360: Check out Cairo 360 to find opportunity to explore new hobbies and do out other ways of finding an apartment in things you have always wanted to do. Two Cairo. birds, one stone! • Just Landed: You can find useful information here at Just Landed on housing 2. Ask for people to introduce and rentals, including lease agreements you/take you somewhere and how to maintain an Egyptian apartment. If you already know some people don’t be afraid to ask them if you can join them when they are going somewhere. Just try to meet as many people as possible, until you find someone who shares interests with you.

44 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com is never a bad thing, being abroad you only have a limited amount of time.

Depending if and when you are going to go to back home or to another country, you don´t have to invest in making as many contacts as possible, as long as you are enjoying yourself with one person or a small group, you are all set.

USEFUL APPS FOR

LANGUAGE LEARNING 5. Get out there Best websites or mobile applications However logical this may sound, many for a beginner to learn spoken Arabic? people don’t actually do it. In order to meet new people you need to be outside. This There are several on-line language courses will end up being a vicious circle. You stay but you usually have to pay for inside because you don’t have friends, but them. There are some free classes though by staying inside you won’t make any new and there are a number of resource friends. . Try going to a bar with someone learning sites. I suggest trying some of the you know, or just go for a walk in the park. following: You might actually meet people while doing so. • Learn Arabic Free, Arabic Tuition, Speak Arabic, Online Arabic Course, 6. Always keep trying Arabic Tutors • Livemocha - Free Online Language Local people tend to have a life of their Learning - Free Lessons Online own, which means they don’t have as much • Learn Arabic Online | Learning necessity to meet with you as you do to Arabic Online Free | LAO meet them. It can be annoying or hard to keep asking people to hang out with you. There are a number of Arabic language But don’t give up! Don’t be afraid to take lessons on video sites like Youtube as well. the initiative. • LearnQuranicArabic Just because they don’t always ask you out, • LearnArabicwithMaha doesn’t mean they don’t like spending time • Homelang1 with you. They might feel uncomfortable asking you, since they don’t know you very How to Learn Arabic on Your Phone: 10 well and they don’t want to bother you, Mobile Apps that Will Help What do you have to lose? If you haven't learned Arabic from birth, you could easily be tempted to work in the 7. Remember nobody has a million startup industry in the Middle East without close friends learning Arabic. After all, a vast majority of entrepreneurs here are bilingual or even You don´t need to be close friends with trilingual. everybody. Sometimes just having that one person you get along with can be But, if you're interested in really speaking enough, so don´t be afraid to invest in one to local entrepreneurs, not to mention relationship instead of continuing to make getting around, that laziness will quickly new contacts. Although making new friends evaporate. The real question is not should you, but how to.

45 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Arabe. Simple, and beautiful, this app lists The Internet is full of Learn Arabic in 100 all the letters and the numbers with their Lessons websites and Speak Arabic in One pronunciation and offers lessons on the Month YouTube channels. You might try different vowels. that, or opt for lessons in a classroom. Either way, you'll need to work, Don’t feel like learning the alphabet? Go understand, memorize, listen, and directly to the last paragraph! exercise. And the best secret weapon for that is a mobile app- or several. Flashcard Apps

Here are 10 applications that can help Learning lists of vocab is tough, and can be time-consuming. Motivational Apps

Firstly, you need to get organized and motived. List what you want to do, plan ahead, and try to remember your plans and stick to them. Apps can greatly help with this. Most of the time you use Apple's native Reminders and Calendars app, and others in our office cite using Google Arabic Flashcards looks like what an app Calendar as well, to list to-dos. would have looked like had they existed in the 90s. But who cares; this app offers 4 types of well thought out and useful exercises:

1) read in Arabic and translate, 2) listen in Arabic and pick the right word, 3) read in your language and translate it into Arabic, and If you need something with more teeth, 4) pick the right word. The only drawback though, try Astrid. This app offers the is that with the free app, you can only learn same functionalities as Reminder but with numbers, days of the week, and family and a better interface and some extra features, body vocab. For more, you have to invest including social functionalities. Astrid in the expensive $14.99 version. enables you to create lists of tasks, share them with friends (useful if you have study buddies), and it automatically syncs your tasks with the web interface and the native iPhone calendar, also sending you friendly updates.

Learn The Alphabet Free Arabic Phrases by emo offers flashcards on different topics, essentially directed towards tourists, including how to greet people, ask for directions, and the like. It’s simple and user-friendly, has a lexicon and search option, and has a great recording feature that you can use to listen to and improve your pronunciation.

First things first. You have to learn your alphabet. If you speak French, it is highly recommended that you use AlphaBet

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select a level. The downside is that you have to pay to get the audio, the translation and the flashcards feature. You can buy them one by one or get the total package for $4.99.

Learn Arabic - AccelaStudy has one of the Translator best design I’ve seen, essentially copying the design of paper flash cards. Select the topics you want to learn and study flashcards that translate from English or

Arabic. It also offers statistics, favorite words, and written and audio quizzes, with upgrades available for $9.99. Google Translate is still a must for translating full sentences or understanding the basic meaning of entire documents (just don't copy and paste it). Its new phrasebook feature enables you to favorite a translation to a list.

Smart Arabic Keyboard GFlashPro is completely different, and extremely versatile, as it enables you to make your own flashcards! You can enter words directly on your iPhone or via Google Docs. You enter both sides of the card: in Arabic and your language, and can add audio and pictures. The Pro version is only $3.99. To type in Arabic on your iPhone, you can The Arabic Dictionnary and Google either add an Arabic keyboard in your Translate are only useful if you have the general settings or you can use Yamli (see right spelling. If you want to translate later). something you’ve heard or read but have no idea how to spell, try Yamli. Dictionary Yamli is an app that creates a virtual Arabic keyboard if you don’t have one on your phone. It also comes very handy when translating dialect and spoken language, as it will transliterate words written in the Roman alphabet back in their most likely Arabic spelling. The app is an adaptation of the website. Arabic Dictionary only offers simple Dialect App translation (with contextualization or examples), but it offers several features that compensate: bookmarks, random words, basic flashcards, a sentence translator, and quizzes. The quizzes are especially funny, and are connected to your Game Center profile. It’s too bad you can’t

47 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com usage, and warns you when you are close Keefak is a fun app that introduces you to to going over your data cap. the Lebanese dialect specifically. The app is rather basic, not involving bookmarking or Kickin’ flashcards, but the conversation feature (reading and listening to conversations) and the grammar features are interesting. Most importantly, this app doesn’t require that you know the alphabet. The free app only allows you to learn greetings, so you might as well buy the paid app for $4.99.

Useful Apps in Egypt Truecaller

Truecaller is a phonebook replacement that allows you to search beyond existing contacts, identify unknown incoming calls, and block the calls you wish to avoid. Sadly, Egypt suffers from a pervert problem as men randomly call numbers in search of a women’s voice to get off on. We know this sounds terrible but is true, so to avoid some creep calling you a million times a day, we suggest Truecaller.

Bey2ollak

Traffic in Cairo is tale as old as time. It would be quite interesting if there was away to record just how much of our lives we spend in traffic. Although there is no app that we know that does this, there is Addicted to shopping, but don’t want to Bey2ollak, an app that shows the degree of brave terrible weather or traffic conditions? congestion on roads all across Cairo to help Than download the Kickin’ app that allows you save time no matter where you are you to shop for just about heading. Changing with the times anything, while highlighting special sales Bey2ollak have expanded beyond traffic conveniently from your phone. and will inform its users of location where bombs have been discovered or have detonated, giving you not only the opportunity to skip the traffic, but also to remain all in one piece.

DataMan AlQibla

No matter who your provider is, data packages for your smartphone are expensive, and not being careful of not exceeding data allotted can burn a massive hole in your wallet. In order to avoid a massive bill, we suggest DataMan, an app that conveniently keeps track of your data

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Want to stay in touch with friends without It's prayer time and you are lost in the having to pay for each and every text you desert landscape or concrete jungle. How send? Then download Whatsapp, one of the will you make sure that your prayers are most used apps in the world that keep you received if you have no idea what direction in touch, also allowing you to share photos to pray in? Well that is when downloading and video messages with friends and AlQibla app comes in handy as it works as family. a compass using your phone's GPS. Tripadvisor Translate

Travelling to a country in which you don’t Sometimes the price of a night stay in speak the language? Well rise above the Egypt will cost you more if you book in language barrier with Google Translate, a person or by phone. Before making that free app that translates between 90 reservation download this app and find out languages so that you never find yourself how much you save. We assume the lost in translation. reasons online prices are cheaper is because of the endless travel providers online competing to offer the absolute cheapest price WhatsApp Cairo360

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Want to watch a movie or try a new restaurant without wasting the money or getting sick? Then we recommend Cairo

360 your ultimate review guide which will Hungry but can’t or don’t feel like cooking, give you an idea if that unfamiliar then download Elmenus a convenient app restaurant is worth trying or affordable. At that lists all the restaurants in your area, the same time it conveniently displays as well as allows you to peruse their menus cinema times in all theatres and will also and order through the app to help satisfy tell you if that new Vin Diesel film is worth your cravings. the aneurysm.

Tuk Tuk Drift Tazkarty

Stuck in traffic and looking to kill some time? Well download Tuk Tuk Drift, an

authentic Cairo-based game that allows Looking for a ticket to the must attend you to weave through traffic like a true event of the year? Then chances are you Egyptian even if you are stuck in it. need to download Tazkarty. The on-the-go booking app for the best restaurants, clubs and bars in Egypt, also puts nationwide reservations for big events at your fingertips. Tickets delivered straight to your door. Cash on delivery.

ElMenus

50 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Uber Kablao!

Changing the taxi game globally is Uber, the app that will find the nearest professional driver to your location and It's hard to keep track of all of your friends send him your way. All drivers are trained contacts across various social media and guaranteed, and the app will tell you platforms. Looking to make finding that how long it will take to get to you and how contact easier is Kablao!, which much the trip you plan to make will cost conveniently places all your contacts social you before even getting in. New to Egypt, media handles in one place, allowing to you many are already claiming that the fares contact them quicker and put them in touch are a lot cheaper than regular cabs, and is with other contacts at a swipe of a touch automatically charged to your credit, screen. freeing you from having to negotiate a price that isn’t literal highway robbery. The Vodafone Literacy App

Tinder

Lost souls no longer have to swim around in a fishbowl year after year, and instead Sadly, there are millions of illiterate people download Tinder. in Egypt. Looking to help solve this troubling issue is a new app developed by Vodafone, which aims to eradicate the country's soaring illiteracy rate, allowing

51 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com illiterate adults to learn to read and write in southern town of Aswan offer a slice of the their own time, and in conjunction with slow pace of the countryside. Egypt has so their daily commitments. much for travelers to see and do; it's the perfect country for a mix of activities Yalahwy combining culture, adventure, and relaxation.

1. Pyramid of Giza

The last surviving of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, the Pyramids of Giza are one of the world's most recognisable landmarks. Built as tombs for the mighty Pharaohs and guarded by the enigmatic Sphinx, Giza's pyramid complex

has awed travelers down through the ages If you are in the wrong place at the wrong and had archaeologists (and a fair few time, Yalahwy has got you covered. conspiracy theorists) scratching their Yalahwy is a new Egyptian app that notifies heads over how they were built for your Facebook friends if anything goes centuries. Today, these megalithic wrong when you're out and about, freeing memorials to dead kings are still as you up to try an argue your way out of the wondrous a sight as they ever were. An problem, while your friends mobilize to undeniable highlight of any Egypt trip, come to your defense. Giza's pyramids should not be missed.

2 Luxor's Karnak Temple and the THINGS TO DO AND Valley of the Kings PLACES TO VISIT

Top-Rated Tourist Attractions in Egypt

Home of the ancient Pharaohs, Egypt is a dazzling destination of temples and tombs that wow all who visit. It's not all historic treasures though. With vast tracts of desert, superb scuba diving, and the Famed for the Valley of the famed Nile River there's something for Kings, Karnak Temple, and everyone here. Beach lovers head to the the Memorial Temple of Hatshepsut, Sinai to soak up the sun, while archaeology the Nile-side town of Luxor in Upper Egypt fans will have a field day in Luxor. Cairo is has a glut of tourist attractions. This is the megalopolis that can't be beaten for ancient Thebes, powerbase of the New city slickers, while Siwa oasis and the

52 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Kingdom pharaohs, and home to more sights than most can see on one visit. While 4. Aswan the East Bank brims with vibrant souk action, the quieter West Bank is home to a bundle of tombs and temples that has been called the biggest open air museum in the world. Spend a few days here exploring the colorful wall art of the tombs and gazing in awe at the colossal columns in the temples, and you'll see why Luxor continues to fascinate historians and archaeologists.

3. Islamic Cairo

Egypt's most tranquil town is Aswan, set upon the winding curves of the Nile. Backed by orange-hued dunes this is the perfect place to stop and unwind for a few days and soak up the chilled-out atmosphere. Take the river ferry across to Elephantine Islandand stroll the colorful streets of the Nubian villages. Ride a camel to the desert monastery of St. Simeon on the East Bank. Or just drink endless cups of tea on one of the riverboat The atmospheric, narrow lanes of the restaurants, while watching the lateen- capital's Islamic Cairo district are crammed sailed feluccas drift past. There are plenty full of mosques, madrassas (Islamic of historic sites here and numerous temples schools of learning), and monuments nearby, but one of Aswan's biggest dating from the Fatimid through to the highlights is simply kicking back and Mameluke eras. This is where you'll find the watching the river life go by. labyrinth shopping souk of Khan el- Khalili where coppersmiths and artisans 5. Abu Simbel still have their tiny workshops, and stalls are laden with ceramics, textiles, spice, and perfume. Surrounding the market is a muddle of roads, home to some of the most beautiful preserved architecture of the old Islamic empires. There is a wealth of history here to explore. Visit Al-Azhar and the dazzling Sultan Hassan Mosque, and make sure you climb to the roof of the ancient medieval gate of Bab Zuweila for the best minaret-speckled panoramas across the district. Even in a country festooned with temples, Abu Simbel is something special. This is Ramses II's great temple, adorned with colossal statuary standing guard outside, and with an interior sumptuously decorated

53 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com with wall paintings. Justly famous for its megalithic proportions, Abu Simbel is also known for the incredible feat, which saw the entire temple moved from its original setting - set to disappear under the water because of the - during the 1960s in a massive UNESCO operation that took four years.

6. Egyptian Museum

Egypt's kookiest natural wonder is the White Desert where surreally shaped chalk mountains have created what looks like a snowy wonderland in the middle of the arid sand. The landscapes here look like something out of a science fiction movie with blindingly white boulders and iceberg- like pinnacles. For desert fans and adventurers, this is the ultimate weird playground, while anybody who's had their fill of temples and tombs will enjoy this A treasure trove of the Pharaonic world, spectacular natural scenery. Cairo's Egyptian Museum is one of the world's great museum collections. The 8. Siwa Oasis faded pink mansion is home to a dazzling amount of exhibits. It's a higgledy-piggledy place with little labeling on offer and not much chronological order, but that's half of its old-school charm. Upstairs is the golden glory of King Tutankhamen and the fascinating royal mummies exhibits, but really every corner you turn here is home to some wonderful piece of ancient art or statuary that would form a highlight of any other museum.

7. White Desert Way out west, Siwa is the tranquil tonic to the hustle of Egypt's cities. This gorgeous little oasis, surrounded by date palm plantations and numerous fresh water springs, is one of the Western Desert's most picturesque spots. The town is centered around the ruins of a vast mud- brick citadel that dominates the view. This is a top spot to wind down and go slow for a few days as well as being an excellent base from which to plan adventures into the surrounding desert.

54 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Egypt's center for beach fun is the South 9. Alexandria Sinai region on the Sinai Peninsula. Sharm el-Sheikh is a The most European of Egypt's cities, European-style resort full of luxury hotels, Alexandria has a history that not many international restaurants, and bags of others can match. Founded by Alexander entertainment options. Dahab is a low-key the Great, home of Cleopatra, and beach town with a budget traveler heart, razzmatazz renegade city of the which is just as much about desert Mediterranean for much of its life, this excursions and adventures as the sea. Up seaside city has an appealing days-gone-by the coast, between the port town atmosphere that can't be beaten. Although of Nuweiba and the border town today, there are few historic remnants of of Taba, are the bamboo hut retreats that its illustrious past - feted in songs and offer complete get-away-from-it-all books - this is a place made for aimless respites from life. Wherever you choose, strolling along the seashore Corniche, the South Sinai is all about diving. The Red café-hopping, and souk shopping. Sea is one of the top diving destinations in the world, and the South Sinai region is 10. St. Catherine's Monastery home to much of the best dive sites.

One of the oldest monasteries in the world, St. Catherine's stands at the foot of , where Moses is said to have received the Ten Commandments. This desert monastery is home to an incredible collection of religious iconography, art, and manuscripts (some of which can be seen in the on-site museum) as well as the home of the burning bush. For most visitors here, a trip to St. Catherine's also involves a hike up Mount Sinai to see sunrise or sunset. Take the camel path for the easy route or climb the famous Steps of Repentance if you want better views. 12. Abydos Temple

11. South Sinai

:

Dusty Abydos town wouldn't make much of a rating on the tourism radar if it wasn't for the incredible temple on its doorstep. Abydos' Temple of Osiris is one of ancient Egypt's most fascinating artistic treasures. : Its chunky columns and walls, covered in beautiful hieroglyphics and intricate

55 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com paintings, are spell-binding sights, and even better, you can admire them without Mulukhiya the crowds as despite its dazzling beauty, it receives few visitors compared to the temples in nearby Luxor.

FOOD AND DISHES

Traditional Egyptian Dishes You Need To Try

Kushari

A green leafy vegetable chopped and cooked with garlic in beef, rabbit or chicken stew, and served with rice or bread. One interesting thing about Mulukhiya is that it gets prepared differently in different areas in Egypt. For example, cities that are located near the coast usually prepare it with fish or shrimp. This dish is heaven, and so worth try.

Fatta

A mix of rice, spaghetti, small round macaroni, vermicelli, fried onions, black lentils and hummus, topped with thick tomato sauce, garlic and vinegar sauce, and chilli sauce put together in some kind of art. That mix may sound strange, but it’s totally worth a try!

Rozz Me’ammar

A dish of white rice prepared by the addition of milk, butter or cream and A Nubian dish that is commonly prepared chicken broth. All the ingredients are baked for occasions mostly religious ones. The in the oven, and then usually served in dish consists of layers of fried bread and occasions and family gatherings. rice, with tomato sauce cooked with garlic and vinegar on top, meat soup and large pieces of meat. The dish is very delicious but very fattening so only eat on special occasions.

Sayadeya

A dish that is mainly cooked in coastal cities like Suez, Portsaid and Alexandria. It

56 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com is made of white fish such as bass or bluefish, and cooked with yellow rice, onion, spices, and tomato sauce. It is then baked in an earthenware pot. fava beans mixed with other ingredients, then it gets fried. It is usually served with Ful Medames tahina and salad with Egyptian bread. That’s a perfect dish for vegetarians too!

Alexandrian Liver and Sausages

Belonging to street food but also cooked at home. The liver is prepared with spicy pepper, and garlic or onion may be added. As for the sausage, it is usually cooked in different ways, but mostly with tomato sauce and spicy pepper. They’re both served with pickles.

Kebab & Kofta

One of the most common primary foods for Egyptians, this dish consists of lava beans prepared with oil and lemon juice. You can also add garlic or onion if you prefer. Ful can be prepared in many different ways, and people eat it with butter, spicy oil, olive oil, tomato sauce, pepper, pastrami, If you’re a meat lover, then this is a must parsley, sausage, and boiled or fried eggs. try! Kebab is prepared with pieces of grilled It is believed that Ful was cooked all the meat (lamb or veal). As for Kofta, it is piece way back in ancient Egypt. of minced meat and is also prepared on the grill. Both are served with Egyptian bread, Ta’meya (Egyptian Falafel) salads and tahina.

Besarah

Another perfect food for vegetarians! A green creamy mash prepared of parsley, dill, leek, grinded fava beans, spices, green pepper, and fried onions on the top. Served with Egyptian bread and green onions.

Another common food for Egyptians that is usually served with Ful. The Ta’meya or Falafel is mainly prepared out of crushed

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healthcare services, most expats avoid HEALTH AND SICKNESS public hospitals and opt for private healthcare. Further, many expats living in

Egypt prefer to have major operations performed in other countries in order to receive good quality healthcare.

Some mosques in Egypt offer medical treatment.

However, Egypt does have a number of quality hospitals located throughout the country, especially in the capital city of Cairo, where there also specialty hospitals. Through modernization measures taken This is why many expats who need medical over the years, Egypt’s healthcare system care choose to go to medical facilities in has greatly improved. Urban as well as Cairo. Considering the challenges involved rural areas now have greater access to in receiving proper healthcare in Egypt, it healthcare than they used to. is important for expats to ensure that they Immunization programs have reached a have sufficient health coverage. majority of the population, and life expectancy has increased, while infant Public Healthcare mortality has declined. A large portion of Egypt’s public healthcare However, even though Egypt’s healthcare services is governed by the ministry of system has progressed, there are still areas health and population, which runs hospitals where it continues to function poorly. Egypt in the urban and rural areas consisting of still receives international financial aid in-patient and out-patient facilities. It also which, along with its own programs, has oversees university-run hospitals. Military provided the necessary assistance to healthcare is also part of the country’s improve the healthcare system. public healthcare sector, and is governed by the ministries of interior and defense. In spite of this, the country’s quality of Other major public healthcare service healthcare is not on par with many other providers include the Health Insurance developed and developing countries in the Organization and the Curative Care world. The funding of the system has also Organization, which govern the mandatory become skewed, with 51 percent of social insurance funds collected from the healthcare costs coming from households, incomes of salaried individuals and from and only 35 percent coming from the employers. government. Egypt’s public healthcare sector has This imbalance has added to the strain on established clinics and hospitals across the the population, a large chunk of which country, but the services offered are often already survives on less than US$2 per below average because of a scarcity of day. medical professionals. The doctor-to- patient ratio in Egypt is 20 doctors per The healthcare system in Egypt consists of 10,000 patients, which is very low some facilities funded by the public sector compared to many Western countries. and some funded by the private sector. Due Public hospitals also suffer from a lack of to the large variations in the quality of modern equipment. Patients accessing the healthcare available in Egypt and the fact government medical facilities in both rural that the government does not take the and urban areas often have to endure long required measures to improve existing waiting times. The state of medical care

58 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com available at public hospitals and clinics usually trained in Western countries and means some low-income patients are now are well-versed in English. However, the seeking healthcare at private facilities, private health insurance system in the even though such care comes at great country is not very comprehensive, personal expense. especially when compared to many other countries. Therefore, expats thinking of The public healthcare sector is meant to relocating to Egypt should ensure that they cater to the majority of the population, and have an adequate health insurance policy often, government agencies aim to provide beforehand. Some research on the quantity, but this comes at the cost of different health insurance providers and quality. One of the main causes of the policies available is recommended. Most challenges faced by the public healthcare private hospitals in Egypt accept sector is the lack of funding, which has international medical coverage. resulted in a widespread lack of personnel. Trained medical professionals would rather Expats living in Cairo will find that opt for better paying opportunities in the healthcare is easier to come by than in private sector, leading to understaffing in other parts of the country, as the city is the public sector. The staff that do remain Egypt’s primary hub of medical treatment. tend to be insufficiently trained. Due to It also offers the highest standard of limited funding, the maintenance of the healthcare in the country. Almost all facilities suffers, leading to poor hygiene. doctors working in Cairo speak fluent Many hospital rooms are not properly English and are well-trained, having been ventilated, raising the risk of spreading abroad for their training. Cairo has plenty infections. The equipment at many of these of medical institutions, ranging from hospitals is outdated, and some are even smaller clinics to large hospitals, unable to provide basic medical supplies, specializing in various fields. A including medicines. Overcrowding and recommendation from your family doctor is over-worked staff only add to the poor the best way to go if you are not sure which plight of the state-run healthcare facilities. hospital to visit for treatment. Your insurance coverage may also determine If it becomes necessary to seek medical which institution is appropriate for you. care at a public hospital, the best option Among the largest private hospitals in the you for as an expat is to go to a facility that country, and one that is popular with many is attached to a medical institution, such as expats, is the As-Salam International the Ain Shams University Hospital in Cairo Hospital in the Maadi district of Cairo. or the Alexandria-based Alexandria University Hospital, where the services are Since the social security system in Egypt likely to be of a higher quality. does not extend to expats, you will need to obtain full coverage from your insurance While expats may qualify for free public company or negotiate an expat package healthcare in Egypt, very few of them use with your employer which includes health it; in fact, less than 10 percent of Egyptian insurance. Medical assistance is available people opt for public healthcare too. without any health insurance, but can involve significant costs depending on the illness or disease in question. Besides, Private Healtcare some hospitals insist on a security deposit, while others expect upfront cash payments Private healthcare services in Egypt include for treatment. private insurance companies, non- government organizations and unions. Mosque Clinics Privately funded medical facilities are mostly located in the cities. These facilities Many mosques located in Egypt offer can be expensive and generally serve medical treatment, and some offer services middle and high-income groups. The that are better than those provided by the doctors who work at these hospitals are government-funded clinics and hospitals.

59 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Mosques do not receive state funding, and relied upon. This is especially the case in access to them may vary from one region Cairo, where it is common to see to another. Mosque clinics are common ambulances with their sirens on, trapped in mostly in the major cities, due to the larger traffic congestion. Rural areas are not likely populations living there. to have ambulances available.

Challenges For Egypt’s Healthcare Expats may find it a better option to take a cab to a hospital. While it is true that cabs Problems regarding basic sanitation and also get stuck in traffic, it is often quicker hygiene still plague Egypt’s public to go this way than to wait for an healthcare system. Nearly 30 percent of ambulance. the population cannot access clean water for consumption, and the poor quality of Health Concerns water is responsible for over 17,000 children dying each year. The country has Since Egypt faces a severe problem of poor public sanitation plants, but they are sanitation, expats should take adequate strained on account of the burgeoning precautions when eating and drinking population. The nation’s sewage system outside the home. It is advisable to utilize still does not connect all homes, and many bottled water for cooking and drinking, and of these homes do not even have plumbing. to avoid consuming street food and drinks. There is a constant struggle on part of the Hepatitis C, spread through contact with authorities to make available adequate infected blood, is another common health healthcare, but most of this is only concern in Egypt. Rabies and tuberculosis available in the form of expensive services also pose a risk in the country, and expats in private hospitals in the big cities. Rural should make sure they are vaccinated for healthcare facilities have a long way to go both ailments. The major cities in Egypt before they can meet acceptable health face a problem of air pollution, and standards, and are mostly only used for respiratory conditions could be aggravated urgent or temporary medical treatment. by such conditions.

Pharmacies In Egypt Vaccinations

Major cities such as Cairo and Alexandria Expats should be aware that they need to have a number of pharmacies that are open get vaccinated for certain illnesses and around the clock. Expats should make a diseases that pose a risk in Egypt. These note of those closest to their residence in include meningococcal disease, hepatitis case of emergencies. Prescriptions are A/B, typhoid, yellow fever, polio, rabies, usually not necessary in Egypt, and it is rabies and influenza. You will also need to possible to access medications quite easily consult your doctor in advance to make and immediately. Pharmacists can also sure you are up to date on routine prepare a special order if certain medicines immunizations. Expats with pre-existing are not immediately available. The brand conditions should have a comprehensive names of medications are likely to be health check-up before leaving for Egypt. different from those you are familiar with in your home countries. Insurance

Emergency Services The Egyptian insurance landscape is, by and large, populated by a labyrinth of Calling the direct emergency number of government ministries. Egyptians who can your district is the fastest way to get afford it prefer to pay for care out of emergency medical treatment. The country pocket. has a general emergency number to call an ambulance, which is 123. However, in The private health insurance industry has major cities, due to traffic conditions, not yet come into its own in Egypt, which emergency services cannot entirely be means that the majority of Egyptians

60 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com procedure (such as lasik eye surgery) with access care through facilities operated by a stack of cash. Such procedures are well government ministries or public insurance schemes. within the reach of upper-class Egyptians and most expats (the aforementioned lasik The vast majority of government medical surgery costs about LE4500 depending on facilities are run by the Ministry of Health. the clinic). They range from major urban hospitals to rural clinics, and are most readily available If you are moving to Egypt from a European sources of care in Egypt. Care at Ministry country, the United States or Canada, this of Health facilities is free to all Egyptian practice may unnerve you. If you hate the citizens. idea of paying up front for medical services, you may opt for and international insurance Medical facilities attached to other provider instead. institutions are supervised by the ministry with overarching responsibility for that International health insurance for institution. For example, university Egypt hospitals are administered by the Ministry of Education and military hospitals by the As an expat, you will almost certainly be Ministry of Defense. limiting your ventures into the Egyptian health care system to upscale private Non-governmental insurance scheme clinics. As such, you would probably do well to invest in international health insurance. Egypt has two main insurance providers International providers offer a variety of that operate under government supervision plans geared toward expats – these range but with independent administration and from comprehensive packages to financing. They are the Health Insurance catastrophic emergency insurance only, Organization (HIO) and Curative Care with prices varying accordingly. Insurance Organization (CCO). packages can be purchased specifically for the length of your stay in Egypt, and they The HIO covers employed persons, can even be renewed if you decide to students and widows through premiums extend your stay. deducted from employee salaries and employer payrolls. The HIO operates an entire network of hospitals, and at times will contract with private health care providers in order to fill gaps in its coverage network.

The CCO, on the other hand operates in specific Egyptian governorates (Cairo, Alexandria, Port Said, Kalyubia, Damietta and Kafr el Sheikh). It contracts with individuals, companies and government agencies for the provision of care and arranges premiums accordingly.

Out of pocket payments

Those Egyptians that can afford it gladly prefer to make out-of-pocket payments for medical services. Indeed, it would not be at all unusual to go into a clinic for an elective

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DIRECTORIES AND USEFUL PHONE NUMBERS

Important Phone: Numbers in Egypt

Providing information related to Egypt Important Phone: Numbers. Emergency Numbers

Public Transportation Ambulance: 123 Services Heliopolis: 634-4327, Maadi: Cairo Old Airport Information: 525-3873, Giza: 561-5551, 265-5000/265-3333/265- Tahrir: 577-0230, Ramsis: 577- 3413/14/15 0406/577-0365/577-0123, Cairo Alex, Road: 045-551309 Cairo New Airport: 265- 2029/265-2222/265-2436 Police: 122 Emergency Police: 122, Traffic Cairo Air Information: 635- Police: 128, Tourist police: 126 0270/635-0260 Fire Brigade: 180 Railway Information: 575-3555 Heliopolis: 633-0954, Maadi: Egyptian Company for 525-3873, Giza: 761-0259/761- Navigation: 575-9058/575-9166 0258/761-0257, Tahrir: 391- 5289.391-0115/391-1727 Ext.: 271 Public Call Services Public Utility Services Telephone: Number Assistance: Electricity Emergency: 121 140/141 Natural Gas: 129 Telephone: Billing Inquires: 177 Water: 575-0059/575-7416

Central Operator Information: 142

Telephone: Complaints: 16 International Calls Information: 120

Telephone: Trouble Shooting: 188

International Calls Billing Inquires: 09002222

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Foreign Embassies and Consulates in Egypt

WEBSITE:http://http://eegip.cancilleria.gov.ar/ EMAIL: [email protected] Afghani Embassy in Cairo, Egypt OFFICE HOURS:Sunday to Thursday, 09:00 a.m. to Embassy of Afghanistan in Cairo 03:00 p.m. 59 El-Orouba Street, Heliopolis CITY: Cairo

PHONE:(+20-2) 417 7236 FAX: (+20-2) 417 7238 Armenian Embassy in Egypt WEBSITE:http://www.afghanembassy-egypt.com Armenian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt EMAIL: [email protected] Mohamed Mozhar 20 , Cairo, Egypt PHONE: (+20) (2) 7374157, (+20) (2) 7374159 FAX: (+20) (2) 7374158 EMAIL:[email protected]; armegyptembassy Albanian Embassy in Egypt @mfa.am; [email protected] Embassy of Albania in Cairo, Egypt OFFICE HOURS:Sunday to Thursday 09:00 - 15:00 27, El-Gezera Al-Wossta, Gound Floor nr. 4 , Zamalek, Cairo, Egypt

PHONE:+202 736 1815 FAX: +202 735 6966 Australian Embassy in Egypt WEBSITE: http://http://www.ambasadat.gov.al/egy Australian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt pt/en/ World Trade Centre (11th Floor), 1191 Corniche El- EMAIL: [email protected]; al.emb.cairo@ie Nil, Boulak (Code No. 11111), Cairo, Egypt c.egnet.net; [email protected] PHONE:+20 2 2770 6600 OFFICE HOURS: Everyday 10:00 – 12:00 FAX:+20 2 2770 6650 WEBSITE:http://www.egypt.embassy.gov.au/caro/h ome.html EMAIL:[email protected] Algerian Embassy in Egypt OFFICE HOURS: Sunday to Wednesday 08:00 - Embassy of Algeria in Cairo, Egypt 16:15 Thursday 08:00 - 13:30 14 Brazil Street, Zamalek, Cairo, Egypt PHONE:(+20) 2 2736 8527 / 1520, (+20) 2 2738

0363 FAX:(+20) 2 2736 4158 Austrian Embassy in Egypt EMAIL: [email protected] Embassy of Austria in Cairo, Egypt El Nile Street, Corner 5, Wissa Wassef Street, 5th Floor, Riyadth-Tower, Giza, 11111 Cairo, Egypt PHONE:(+20) (2) 3570 29 75 FAX:(+20) (2) 3570 29 79 Angolan Embassy in Egypt WEBSITE:http://www.bmeia.gv.at/botschaft/kairo.h Embassy of Angola in Cairo, Egypt tml 12, Fouad Mohey El Din, Square Mohandessine, EMAIL:[email protected] Cairo, Egypt PHONE: (+20) 2 3337 7602, (+20) 2 3749 8259

FAX: (+20) 3 3378683 WEBSITE: http://www.angolaeg.net/ Austrian Consulate in Egypt EMAIL: [email protected] Consulate of Austria in Alexandria, Egypt 8 Rue Eglise Debbane, Alexandria, Egypt PHONE:(+20) (3) 480 88 88 FAX:(+20) (3) 483 91 90 Argentinian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt EMAIL:- Embassy of Argentina in Cairo, Egypt OFFICE HOURS:10:30 - 14:00 The Saleh Ayoub N ° 8, 1st floor apartment. 2, Zamalek, 11211 CITY:: Cairo PHONE:00 20 (2) 2735 1501/ 00 20 (2) 2735 5234/ 00 20 (2) 2736 6862 FAX:00 20 (2) 2736 4355

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Azerbaijani Embassy in Egypt Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan in the Arab Belgian Consulate in Egypt Republic of Egypt Honorary Consulate of Belgium in Alexandrie, Egypt Maadi Sarayat , street 10, Villa 16/24, Cairo, Egypt 32, Lumumba Street, Bab Sharki, P.O. Box 152, PHONE:(+202) 235 83 761/783 21131 Alexandria, Egypt FAX:(+202) 235 83 725 PHONE:(+20) (3) 494.30.03 WEBSITE:http://www.azembassy.org.eg FAX:(+20) (2) 495.66.66 EMAIL:[email protected] EMAIL:[email protected]; [email protected]

Bahraini Embassy in Egypt Belgian Consulate in Egypt Bahraini Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Honorary Consulate of Belgium in Sharm el Sheikh, 15 El Brazil Street, Zamalek, Cairo, Egypt Egypt PHONE:(+20) 2 27366 605, (+20) 2 27357 996 Sultana Building, Red Sea Diving College , Naama FAX:(+20) 2 27366 609 Bay, Sharm El Sheikh , Egypt WEBSITE:http://www.mofa.gov.bh/cairo/Home.asp PHONE:(+20) 010 005 7400 x EMAIL:[email protected] EMAIL:[email protected]

Belgian Consulate in Egypt Bangladeshi Embassy in Egypt Belgian Consulate in Hurghada, Egypt Bangladeshi Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Upper Nubia e W303, El Gouna, Hurghada, Egypt 18 Hayeet El Tadrees Street, P. O. Box 12311, Giza, PHONE:(+20) (65) 358 0252 Cairo, Egypt FAX:(+20) (65) 358 0251 PHONE:(+20) 2 3748 1796 / 58 EMAIL:[email protected] FAX:(+20) 2 3748 1782 EMAIL:[email protected] OFFICE HOURS: Sunday to Thursday 09:00 - 16:00 Bolivian Embassy in Egypt Embassy of Bolivia in Cairo, Egypt 21 B Oman st. Of Mohi El Ez Dokk i Code No 11794, Bangladeshi Consulate in Egypt PO Box 217, New Ramsis Center , Cairo , Egypt Bangladeshi Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt PHONE:(+20) (2) 7624361, (+20) (2) 7624362 220, El Houryia Street, Alexandria, Egypt FAX:(+20) (2) 7624360 PHONE:(+20) 3 5970294 EMAIL:[email protected] FAX:(+20) 3 5968805 OFFICE HOURS:09:00 - 16:00 EMAIL:-

Bosnian Embassy in Egypt Belarusian Embassy in Egypt Embassy of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of the Republic of Belarus to the Arab 42 El Thawra, St. El Dokki, Cairo, Egypt Republic of Egypt PHONE:+ (202) 374 99 191, + (202) 333 76 790 19-1, Mohamed El Ghazali Street, Dokki, Cairo, FAX:+ (202) 374 99 190 Egypt EMAIL:[email protected] PHONE:(+20) (2) 337-57-82, (+20) (2) 337-39-52 OFFICE HOURS:Saturday to Thursday 09:00 - FAX:(+20) (2) 337-58-45 17:00 EMAIL:[email protected]

Belgian Embassy in Egypt Brazilian Embassy in Egypt Embassy of Belgium in Cairo Embassy of Brazil in Cairo, Egypt 20, Kamel El Shennawi Street, Garden City:, P.O. Nile City: Towers, North Tower 2005 C Corniche El Box 37 , 11511 Cairo, Egypt Nil, Cairo, Egypt PHONE:(+20) (2) 279 47 494 to 6 PHONE:(+20) 24 61 9837 FAX:(+20) (2) 279 43 147 FAX:(+20) 24 61 9838 WEBSITE:http://www.diplomatie.be/cairo EMAIL:[email protected] EMAIL:[email protected]

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Brazilian Consulate in Egypt Canadian Embassy in Egypt Honorary Consulate of Brazil in Port Said, Egypt Embassy of Canada in Cairo, Egypt Immeuble Freeport Street, Office #: 4/5/6 , 26 Kamel El Shenawy St., Garden City:, P.O. Box Port Said, Egypt 1667, Cairo, Egypt PHONE:(+20) 66 338965 PHONE:(011 20 2) 2791-8700 FAX:(+20) 66 338355 FAX:(011 20 2) 2791-8860 EMAIL:- WEBSITE:http://www.egypt.gc.ca EMAIL:[email protected]

Bruneian Embassy in Egypt

Embassy of Brunei Darussalam in Cairo, Egypt 14, Sri Lanka Street ( ex. Yehia Ibrahim), Zamalek, Central African Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Cairo, Arab Republic of Egypt Embassy of Central African Republic in Cairo, Egypt PHONE:(20) 2 2736 6651 / 2737 3664 / 2737 3665 49 Gezirat El-Arab, Mohandessin, Cairo, Egypt FAX:(20) 2 2736 6375 / 2736 0240 CITY:Cairo EMAIL:[email protected] PHONE:(+20) 2 344 5942 FAX:(+20) 2 344 5942 EMAIL:[email protected]

Bulgarian Embassy in Egypt Embassy of Bulgaria in Cairo, Egypt 6, El Malek El Afdal Str. , Zamalek, Cairo, Egypt Chadian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt PHONE:+20 2 273 630 25, +20 2 2736 60 77 Embassy of Chad in Cairo, Egypt FAX:+20 2 2736 38 26 12, Midan El Refai, Dokki, POB 1869, Cairo, Egypt WEBSITE:http://www.mfa.bg/embassies/egypt CITY:Cairo EMAIL:[email protected] PHONE:(+20) 2 337 3379 OFFICE HOURS:Sunday to Thursday 08:30 - 14:30 (+20) 2 349 4461 FAX:(+20) 2 337 3232

Burkinabe Embassy in Egypt Embassy of Burkina Faso in Cairo, Egypt Chilean Embassy in Cairo, Egypt 22 Wadi El Nile Street, PO Box 306 , PO Box 11794, Embassy of Chile in Cairo, Egypt MAADI CENTRE Ramses , Cairo, Egypt Es Asmak Building, , 1 Saleh Ayoub Street, , PHONE:(00202) 23 89 80 56, (00202) 23 89 80 63 P.7.Apt.74, Zamalek, El Cairo. FAX:(00202) 23 80 69 74 CITY:Cairo EMAIL:- PHONE:20(2) 735 8711 20(2) 735 8446 20(2) 738 1851 FAX:20(2) 735 3716 Burundian Embassy in Egypt EMAIL:[email protected] Embassy of Burundi in Cairo, Egypt 27 El Ryad Street Mohandessin, Cairo, Egypt

PHONE:(+20) 2 302 4301 / 2 FAX:(+20) 2 344 1997 / 353 1218 Chilean Consulate in Alejandria, Egypt EMAIL:- Honorary Consulate of Chile in Alejandria, Egypt 2 Lumumba Street Alejandria 21131 CITY:Alejandria PHONE:20-3-4950000

Cameroonian Embassy in Egypt Chilean Consulate in Port Said, Egypt Embassy of Cameroon in Cairo, Egypt Honorary Consulate of Chile in Port Said 15 Mohamed Sedky Souleiman Street , Mohandessin, 8,Palestinian Street, , Massagrie Building Port Sais P. O. Box 2061 , Cairo, Egypt CITY:Port Said PHONE:(+20) 2 3344 1101 / 14 PHONE:20-66-3232105 FAX:(+20) 2 3345 9208 FAX:20-66-3239249 EMAIL:[email protected]; [email protected] EMAIL:[email protected] et

65 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Croatian Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt Consulat of the Republic of Croatia in Alexandria, Chinese Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Egypt Chinese Embassy in Cairo, Egypt 32, Patrice Lomomba St. El Shalalat, Alexandria, 14, Baghat Aly Street, Zamalek, Cairo, Egypt Egypt CITY:Cairo CITY:Alexandria PHONE:00202-27361219 PHONE:002 03 459 5167 FAX:00202-27352318 FAX:002 03 459 5157 00202-27359459 WEBSITE:http://eg.chineseembassy.org

EMAIL:[email protected] Cuban Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Cuba in Cairo, Egypt Número 14, Calle 202, Deglaa, Maadi, Cairo, Egypt Chinese Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt CITY:Cairo Chinese Consulate General in Alexandria, Egypt PHONE:(20) 252-13161 6 Badawi St., Rassaffa Moharam Bey, Alexandria, FAX:(20) 252-13324 Egypt WEBSITE:http://www.cubadiplomatica.cu/egipto CITY:Alexandria EMAIL:[email protected] PHONE:00203-3916953 OFFICE HOURS:Sunday, Monday, Wednesday, FAX:00203-3906409 Thursday from 09:30 am. to 01:00 pm Closed on EMAIL:[email protected] holidays in Cuba and holidays in Egypt

Colombian Consulate in El Cairo, Egypt Cypriot Embassy in Mohandessin, Egypt Consulate of Colombia in El Cairo, Egypt Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus in Mohandessin, 6 Guezira Street,Zamalek, Garden City: Egypt CITY:El Cairo 17 El Amir Omar Tousson St., Mohandessin, Arab Republic of Egypt PHONE:20 - 2 - 3423711 CITY:Mohandessin FAX:20 - 2 - 3497429 PHONE:+ 20 2 33455967, 33455968, 33455494 EMAIL:[email protected] FAX:+ 20 2 33455969

EMAIL:[email protected] OFFICE HOURS:08:00 - 15:30 (Sun. - Thur.)

Colombian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Colombia in Cairo, Egypt 6, Guezira Street, Zamalek, Cairo, Egypt CITY:Cairo Czech Embassy in Cairo, Egypt PHONE:20 2 7364203 Embassy of the Czech Republic in Cairo, Egypt 20 2 7373711 4, Dokki Street, 12511 Giza, Cairo FAX:20 2 7357429 CITY:Cairo EMAIL:[email protected] PHONE:0020/2/37485531 0020/2/37485469

0020/2/37485833 FAX:0020/2/37485892 Croatian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt

PHONE:00202 273 83 155 00202 273 55 815 FAX:00202 273 55 812 WEBSITE:http://eg.mvp.hr Czech Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt EMAIL:[email protected] Honorary Consulate of the Czech Republic in OFFICE HOURS:Sunday-Thursday 9:00-17:00 Alexandria, Egypt Zahran Group, 14th May Road, Semouha, Alexandria, Egypt

CITY:Alexandria PHONE:00203/4266664

66 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com FAX:00203/4266660 Ecuadorian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt EMAIL:[email protected] Embassy of Ecuador in Cairo, Egypt 33, Ismail Mohamed Street, Second Floor, Zamalek, Cairo CITY:Cairo Danish Embassy in Cairo, Egypt PHONE:(+20) 2 2737 2776 / (+20) 2 2736 7355 Royal Danish Embassy in Egypt FAX:(+20) 2 2736 1841 12, Hassan Sabri Street, 11211 Zamalek, Cairo, EMAIL:[email protected] / ecuademb@li Egypt nk.net CITY:Cairo PHONE:(+20 2) 2739 6500

FAX:(+20 2) 2739 6588 WEBSITE:http://www.ambkairo.um.dk Eritrean Embassy in Cairo, Egypt EMAIL:[email protected] Embassy of the State of Eritrea in Egypt PO Box 2624, 6 El-Fallah St., Al Mohandesin CITY:Cairo PHONE:+20-2-303-3504 Danish Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt FAX:+20-2-303-0516 Royal Danish Consulate General in Egypt 20 Patrice Lumumba Street, Bab Sharki, P.O. Box

622-21131, Alexandria, Egypt CITY:Alexandria Estonian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt PHONE:+20 (3) 390 6000 Embassy of Estonia in Egypt FAX:+20 (3) 489 0121 8th Floor, Abou El Feda Building, 3, Abou El Feda St, EMAIL:[email protected] Zamalek, Cairo 11211 CITY:Cairo PHONE:(20) 227 384 190 FAX:(20) 227 384 189 Djibouti Embassy in Cairo, Egypt WEBSITE:http://www.kairo.vm.ee Embassy of the Republic of Djibouti in Egypt EMAIL:[email protected] 15 Rue Dr Mohamed Abdou As-sa?d ex Hay-at Ad- Tadr?s, Al Dokki

CITY:Cairo PHONE:(+20-2) 3366434, 3366435, 3366436 Ethiopian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt FAX:(+20-2) 3366437 Embassy of Ethiopia in Egypt EMAIL:[email protected] Mesaha Square, Villa 11, Dokki-Cairo-Egypt CITY:Cairo PHONE:(00202) 3353693-3353696 FAX:(00202)- 3353699 Djibouti Embassy in Asmara, Egypt EMAIL:[email protected] Embassy of the Republic of Djibouti in Eritrea OFFICE HOURS:Sunday - Thursday: 8:30 am to 38 Zeri Yacob Street 4:00 pm CITY:Asmara PHONE:(+291-1) 125990, 125979

FAX:(+291-1) 126213 EMAIL:[email protected] Finnish Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Finland in Egypt 3 Abu El Feda Street, 13th floor, 11211 Zamalek CITY:Cairo Dominican Embassy in EL CAIRO, Egypt PHONE:+20-2-736 3722 Embassy of the Dominican Republic in Egypt FAX:+20-2-737 1376 40 A, Mohamed Mazhar Street, 8th Floor, , Zamalek, WEBSITE:http://www.finland.org.eg/ Cairo, Egypt 11211 EMAIL:[email protected]

CITY:EL CAIRO OFFICE HOURS:8.30 - 16.15 Sunday - Thursday PHONE:011-202-2735-6081 FAX:011-202-2735-6082

WEBSITE:http://www.serex.gov.do/exterior/misione s/africa/egipto/embn/default.aspx Finnish Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt EMAIL:[email protected] Honorary Consulate of Finland in Alexandria, Egypt 2, El Horreya Avenue CITY:Alexandria PHONE:(20-3) 486 4482

67 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com FAX:(20-3) 486 1993 German Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Germany in Cairo, Egypt 2, Sh. Hassan Sabri, Zamalek CITY:Cairo French Embassy in Cairo, Egypt PHONE:(00202) 739-9600 Embassy of France in Cairo, Egypt FAX:(00202) 736-0530 29 Avenue de Charles de Gaulle, BP 1777 - Guiza, Le WEBSITE:http://www.kairo.diplo.de/ Caire EMAIL:[email protected] CITY:Cairo OFFICE HOURS:Sunday - Wednesday: 8:00 am to PHONE:[20] (2) 3 567 32 00 12:00 am (visitors) Sunday - Thursday: 8:00 am to FAX:[20] (2) 3 567 32 01 11:00 am (passports and legalisations) WEBSITE:http://www.ambafrance-eg.org/ EMAIL:[email protected]

German Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt, Egypt Honorary Consulate of the Federal Republic of French Consulate in Cairo, Egypt Germany in Alexandria, Egypt Consulate General of France in Cairo, Egypt Leader Group Shipping Services, 9 El Fawatem 5 rue El Fadl, BP 1774 - Le Caire Street, Mazarita. Alexandria CITY:Cairo CITY:Alexandria, Egypt PHONE:[20] (2) 2394 71 50 PHONE:(0020 3) 486 75 03 FAX:(0020 3) 484 09 77 FAX:[20] (2) 2394 71 60 EMAIL:[email protected] WEBSITE:http://www.ambafrance-eg.org/

EMAIL:[email protected]

German Consulate in Hurghada, Egypt, Egypt French Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt Honorary Consulate of the Federal Republic of Germany in Hurghada, Egypt Consulate General of France in Alexandria, Egypt Honorary Consulate of the Federal Republic of 2 midan Ahmed Orabi, BP 474 - Manshieh - Germany, 365, El Gabal El Shamali, Hurghada, Red Alexandrie Sea. Egypt CITY:Alexandria CITY:Hurghada, Egypt PHONE:[20] (3) 487 56 15 / 484 79 50 / 487 84 77 PHONE:(0020 65) 344 36 05 / (0020 65) 344 57 34 FAX:[20] (3) 487 56 14 FAX:(0020 65) 344 36 05 WEBSITE:http://www.ambafrance-eg.org/ EMAIL:[email protected] EMAIL:[email protected]

Ghanaian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Gabonese Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Ghana in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Gabon in Cairo, Egypt 24 El Batal Ahmad'Abdel Aziz Street, Dokki 17 Rue Maka El Moukarama BP 2547, Dokki-Cairo CITY:Cairo CITY:Cairo PHONE:704273, 704154, 704395 PHONE:(20-2) 70 96 99

FAX:(20-2) 360 3796

Embassy of Greece in Cairo, Egypt 18 Aisha El Taymouria, Garden City: Georgian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt CITY:Cairo Embassy of Georgia in Cairo, Egypt PHONE:(00202) 7950 443 or 795 5915 or 7951074 Mohandessin, 11 Tanta Street, Aswan Square FAX:(00202)7963903 CITY:Cairo EMAIL:[email protected]

PHONE:+(202) 3004-47-98 OFFICE HOURS:--- FAX:+(202) 3304-47-78 DETAILS--- WEBSITE:http://www.egypt.mfa.gov.ge/ EMAIL:[email protected], [email protected]

.ge OFFICE HOURS:09.00-18.00 Greek Consulate in Cairo, Egypt Consulate General of Greece in Cairo 14, Rue Emad El Din, Cairo CITY:Cairo

68 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com PHONE:(00202) 25753833, 25741085, 25741140 Hungarian Consulate in Cairo, Egypt FAX:(00202)25753962 Consular Office of Hungary in Egypt EMAIL:[email protected] 29. Mohamed Mazhar Str., Zamalek, Cairo CITY:Cairo PHONE:2735-6478, 2735-8659, 2735-8634, 2737- 0019 Greek Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt FAX:+20-2-2735-8648 Consulate General of Greece in Alexandria EMAIL:[email protected] 63, Rue Alexandre Le Grand, Shatby, Alexandria OFFICE HOURS:*filing of visa applications: Sun, CITY:Alexandria Tue, Wed: 8:30-10:30 *issuing of visas and documents: Sun-Thu: 12:00-13:30 *filing of other PHONE:(00203) 4878454, 4878455 consular affairs: Mon and Thu: 8:30-11:00 *Fri, Sat: FAX:(00203)4865896 closed EMAIL:[email protected]

Hungarian Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt Greenlandic Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Honorary Consulate of Hungary in Egypt Royal Danish Embassy in Egypt 47, Al Soltan Hussein Street, Al Khartoum Sq., , Al 12, Hassan Sabri Street, Zamalek, 11211 Cairo Azarita, Alexandria. , P.O.Box: 2234 Alexandria CITY:Cairo CITY:Alexandria PHONE:(+20 2) 2739 6500 PHONE:484-14-50 FAX:(+20 2) 2739 6588 FAX:484-14-50 WEBSITE:http://www.ambkairo.um.dk EMAIL:[email protected] EMAIL:[email protected]

Hungarian Consulate in Port Tawfik, Egypt Guatemalan Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Honorary Consulate of Hungary in Egypt Embassy of The Republic of Guatemala in Cairo, 34, El-Gueish Street, Zaharia Tower, 5th Floor Suez, Egypt CITY:Port Tawfik 17 Port Said Street, 5th floor, Apt. 501 Cairo, Egypt PHONE:62-333-50-25; 00-20-12-214-78-15 CITY:Cairo FAX:333-50-35 PHONE:+202-23802914 - 23591498 EMAIL:[email protected] FAX:+202-23802915

WEBSITE:http://www.embaguategypt.com/frontend /home.aspx EMAIL:[email protected] Indian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of India in Cairo, Egypt 5, Aziz Abaza Street, Zamalek, P.O. Box No. 718, Cairo 11211 Honduran Embassy in Cairo, Egypt CITY:Cairo Embassy of Honduras in Egypt PHONE:00-20-2-27360052, 27356053 15, 26th of July Street, 5th floor, Mohandessine, FAX:00-20-2-27364038 Apdo. Postal: 417 Gezirah, 11568, Zamalek WEBSITE:http://www.indembcairo.com CITY:Cairo EMAIL:[email protected] PHONE:00(202) 3344-13 37 Y 3347-75 43 OFFICE HOURS:08:00 hrs to 16:30 hrs from FAX:00(202) 3344-13 38 Sunday to Thursday EMAIL:[email protected]

Indonesian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Hungarian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Indonesia in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Hungary in Cairo, Egypt 13, Aisha El Taimouria Street, Garden City:, Cairo, 29. Mohamed Mazhar Str. Zamalek Cairo Egypt CITY:Cairo CITY:Cairo PHONE:2735-8659, 2735-8634, 2735-6478, 2737- PHONE:(20-2) 794-7200, 794-7209, 792-5451, 0019 792-5452, 794-7356 FAX:+20-2-2735-8648 FAX:(20-2) 796-2495 WEBSITE:http://www.mfa.gov.hu/emb/cairo WEBSITE:http://www.indocairo.org EMAIL:[email protected] EMAIL:[email protected]

69 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Iraqi Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Italian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Iraq in Egypt Embassy of Italy in Cairo, Egypt 13, Aisha El Taimouria Street, Garden City:, Cairo, 24, El Galaa Street, Boulaq, Cairo Egypt CITY:Cairo CITY:Cairo PHONE:0020227730109, 0020227730110 PHONE:00202 - 7358087 FAX:0020225770165 EMAIL:[email protected] WEBSITE:http://www.ambilcairo.esteri.it EMAIL:[email protected]

Irish Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Ireland in Egypt Italian Consulate in Alessandria, Egypt 22 Hassan Assem St, Zamalek General Consulate of Italy in Alessandria, Egypt CITY:Cairo Midan Saad Zaghloul, 25 PHONE:Telephone:: +202 27358264, Visa Phone:: CITY:Alessandria +202 27356417 PHONE:002034870095, 4870095 FAX:+202 27362863 FAX:4875344 WEBSITE:http://www.embassyofireland.org.eg WEBSITE:http://www.consalessandria.esteri.it EMAIL:[email protected] EMAIL:[email protected] OFFICE HOURS:Opening Hours:: Sunday to Thursday from 9.00 12.00

Japanese Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Japan in Egypt Irish Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt 9th Floor, Cairo Center Building, 2 Abdel Kader Honorary Consul of Ireland in Alexandria, Egypt Hamza St., (106 Kasr Al-Aini St.), Garden City:, 55 Sultan Hussein Street, Azarita - Bab Shark Egypt CITY:Alexandria CITY:Cairo PHONE:+203 4843316/17/18 PHONE:+20-2-795-3962 FAX:+203 484 3320 FAX:+20-2-796-3540 EMAIL:[email protected] WEBSITE:http://www.eg.emb-japan.go.jp/ EMAIL:[email protected] OFFICE HOURS:Office hours:: 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 a.m., Sunday through Thursday Closed on Fridays Israeli Embassy in CAIRO, Egypt and Saturdays Embassy of Israel in Egypt 6, SHARIA IBN-EL MALECK , CAIRO

CITY:CAIRO PHONE:20 2 33321500 Jordanian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt FAX:20 2 33321555 Embassy of Jordan in Cairo, Egypt EMAIL:[email protected] 6 Bassem Al Khateb Street, Al Tahreer Street, Duqqi, OFFICE HOURS:SUN-THU 10:00-12:30 00202 CITY:Cairo PHONE:00 + 20 + 2 7499912 / 00 + 20 + 2 7486169 FAX:00 + 20 + 2 7601027 WEBSITE:http://www.jordanembassycairo.gov.jo EMAIL:[email protected]

OFFICE HOURS:Monday - Thursday: 9:00-3:00 Sunday: 9:00-3:00 Israeli Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt

Consulate General of Israel in Egypt 15, MINA ST. KAFAR-ABDOU , ROUSHDY , ALEXANDRIA CITY:Alexandria Kazakhstani Embassy in Cairo, Egypt PHONE:20 3 5449501; 20 3 5449502 Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in Cairo FAX:20 3 5448136 9, Wahib Doss Street, , Maadi EMAIL:[email protected] CITY:Cairo OFFICE HOURS:SUN-THU 09:30-12:30 PHONE:+202-238-098-04, 235-928-10 FAX:+202-235-865-46 EMAIL:[email protected]

70 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com DETAILShours:: Monday-Thursday10:00AM-5:00PM

Kenyan Embassy in Cairo, Egypt

Embassy of the Republic of Kenya in Cairo, Egypt 29 El Kods EL Sharif Street, Mohandesseen, Giza, P. Lithuanian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt O. Box 362 Embassy of Lithuania in Cairo, Egypt CITY:Cairo Lithuanian Embassy , 23 Muhammad Mazhar Str., PHONE:00-20-2-3453628/3453907 Zamalek FAX:00-20-2-3026979 CITY:Cairo WEBSITE:http://kenemb-cairo.com PHONE:(+20) 2 736 6461 EMAIL:[email protected] FAX:(+20) 2 736 4329 WEBSITE:http://eg.mfa.lt EMAIL:[email protected] OFFICE HOURS:VII-IV 9.00- 17.00 Lunch Break Kuwaiti Embassy in Cairo, Egypt 12.00-12.30 Consular section reception hours:: Embassy of Kuwait in Cairo, Egypt Submission of documents: I-IV 9.00 - 12.00 (visa 12 Nabil Al-Wakkad Street, Dokki applications 9:00-11:00; legalization of documents CITY:Cairo 11:00-12:00) Issue of documents: I-IV 13.00 - 15.00 PHONE:(+20-2) 3602661/4

FAX:(+20-2) 3602657

Macedonian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of the Republic of Macedonia in Cairo, Latvian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Eqypt Latvian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Road Al Nahda 41, 3/402, Maadi, Cairo 8th Floor Abou El Feda Building, , 3 Abou El Feda CITY:Cairo Street,, Zamalek, Cairo 11211 PHONE:++ 202 23 805 269; ++ 202 27 508 501 CITY:Cairo FAX:++ 202 27 508 502 PHONE:(202) 2 738 41 88 EMAIL:[email protected] FAX:(202) 2 738 41 89

EMAIL:[email protected]

Malawian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Malawi in Cairo, Egypt Lebanese Embassy in Cairo, Egypt 13 El-Fallah Street, off Shehab Street, Mohandeseen, Embassy of Lebanon in Cairo, Egypt Giza, Cairo, Egypt 22 El Mansour Mohamed St., Zamalek CITY:Cairo CITY:Cairo PHONE:(+20) 2 3348 9541; (+20) 2 3348 9542 PHONE:27382823 -27382824 -27382826 FAX:(+20) 2 33489539 FAX:27382818 WEBSITE:http://http://malawiembcairo.com/

EMAIL:[email protected] OFFICE HOURS:09.00-15.30

Basotho Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of the Kingdom of Lesotho in Cairo, Egypt 10 Bahr El Ghazal St. , Saahafeveen, Cairo, Egypt

CITY:Cairo

PHONE:+202 7489545/7493211

FAX:+202 7489543 EMAIL:[email protected], [email protected]

Malaysian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Malaysia in Cairo, Egypt 21, El Aanab Street, Mohandessine, Giza,, Arab Liberian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Republic of Egypt Embassy of Liberia in Cairo, Egypt CITY:Cairo Liberian Embassy , 9 Ahmed Samy EL Sayeh Sq. 4th PHONE:+202 3761 0013; +202 3761 0019; Floor, Mohandseen +01200276388 CITY:Cairo FAX:+202 3761 0216 PHONE:37626794 WEBSITE:http://http://www.kln.gov.my/web/egy_c FAX:(+20) 237627194 airo/home EMAIL:[email protected] EMAIL:[email protected]

71 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com OFFICE HOURS:Work days: Sunday - Thursday Mexican Embassy in The Cairo, Egypt 8.00 a.m - 3.00 p.m Public Holidays: Friday & Mexican Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Saturday El Hadayek no. 25, Maadi Sarayat, Cairo 11431, Egypt CITY:The Cairo PHONE:(+20) 2 2358 0256; (+20) 2 2358 0258 Malian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt FAX:(+20) 2 2378 0059 Embassy of Mali in Cairo, Egypt WEBSITE:http://http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/egipto 3, Kawssar Street, Mohandessine, Cairo, Egypt / CITY:Cairo EMAIL:[email protected] PHONE:(+20) 2 3337 1641; (+20) 2 3337 1895 OFFICE HOURS:Sun-Thu: 09.00-17.00 FAX:(+20) 2 3337 1841 EMAIL:[email protected]

Mongolian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Mongolian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Maltese Embassy in Cairo, Egypt No.14, Street 152, Maadi, Cairo, Egypt Maltese Embassy in Cairo, Egypt CITY:Cairo 1, El Saleh Ayoub Street, 2nd Floor, Apt. No. 24, PHONE:(+20) 2 235 860 12 Zamalek, Cairo, Egypt FAX:(+20) 2 235 916 70 CITY:Cairo WEBSITE:http://http://www.cairo.mfa.gov.mn/ PHONE:(+20) (2) 2736 2368 / 9; (+20) (2) 2735 EMAIL:[email protected] 6717 FAX:(+20) (2) 2736 2371 EMAIL:[email protected] Moroccan Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of the Kingdom of Morocco in Cairo, Egypt

10 Salah El Din Ayoub Street, 10 Salah El Din Ayoub Maltese Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt Street,, Cairo Maltese Honorary Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt CITY:Cairo 78, Abdel Salam Aref Street, 6th Floor, Saba Pacha, PHONE:(+20-2) 3409677, 3414718 Alexandria, Egypt FAX:(+20-2) 3411937 CITY:Alexandria EMAIL:[email protected] PHONE:(+20) (3) 584 2453 FAX:(+20) (3) 584 7850 EMAIL:[email protected] Mozambican Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Mozambique

24 Babel Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt Maltese Consulate in Suez, Egypt CITY:Cairo Maltese Honorary Consulate in Suez, Egypt PHONE:(+20-2) 7486389, 7605505 40 Gohar El Kayed Street, Port Tawfik, Suez, Egypt FAX:(+20-2) 7486378 CITY:Suez EMAIL:[email protected] PHONE:(+20) (62) 334 1316 FAX:(+20) (62) 333 0965 EMAIL:[email protected]

Myanmar Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Mauritian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Myanmar in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Mauritius in Cairo, Egypt No. 24, Mohamed Mazhar St. , Zamalek, Cairo 11211 156 El Sudan Street Mohandesnen Cairo,, Egypt CITY:Cairo CITY:Cairo PHONE:(202) 736 2644, 735 4176, 735 1568 PHONE:+202-761-8102 +202-761-8103 +202-748- FAX:(202) 736 6793 8275 +202-762-4914 EMAIL:[email protected] FAX:+202-761-8101 EMAIL:[email protected]

72 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com Nepalese Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Nepal in Cairo, Egypt 23, Al Hassan Street,, Mohandessin-Dokki, Cairo, Norwegian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt CITY:Cairo Royal Norwegian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt PHONE:00202-37603 426, 37612 311 8 El Gezirah Street, Zamalek FAX:00202-33374 447 CITY:Cairo WEBSITE:http://www.nepalembassyegypt.com PHONE:+20 2 2735 8046 / 2735 3340 / 2736 3955 EMAIL:[email protected] FAX:+202 7370709 WEBSITE:http://www.norway-egypt.org/ EMAIL:[email protected]

OFFICE HOURS:Visa section: Visitors: Sun, Mon, Nepalese Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Wed, and Thu, 10:00-12:00 Phone: calls: Sun-Thu, Embassy of Nepal in Cairo, Egypt 13:00-15:30 Consular section: Visitors: Sun, Mon, 23, Al Hassan Street, , Mohandessin-Dokki, Wed, and Thu, 09:00-12:00. CITY:Cairo PHONE:00202-37603 426 / 00202-37612 311

FAX:00202-33374 447 WEBSITE:http://www.nepalembassyegypt.com Norwegian Consulate in Port Said, Egypt EMAIL:[email protected] Royal Norwegian Consulate General in Port Said, Egypt P.O. Box 22 , 39, el Gomhouria Street CITY:Port Said Dutch Embassy in Cairo, Egypt PHONE:+206 6333 6710/40 Royal Netherlands Embassy in Cairo, Egypt FAX:+206 6333 6720 18, Hassan Sabri, 11211 Zamalek, Cairo, Egypt EMAIL:[email protected] CITY:Cairo PHONE:+20 2 2739 5500 FAX:+20 2 2736 5249 WEBSITE:http://egypt.nlembassy.org/ Norwegian Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt EMAIL:[email protected] Royal Norwegian Consulate General in Alexandria, OFFICE HOURS:Sunday through Thursday 08.00- Egypt 15.30 hrs P.O. Box 622, 20, Patrice Lumumba Street, Bab Shark, Alexandria CITY:Alexandria PHONE:+203 489 0221 FAX:+203 489 0121 Dutch Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt EMAIL:[email protected] Consulate of Netherlands in Alexandria, Arab Republic of Egypt 2, Mohamed Massoud st., Wabbour El-Maya, Alexandria, Egypt CITY:Alexandria Omani Embassy in Cairo, Egypt PHONE:00-20-3-4224877 Embassy of the Sultanate of Oman in Cairo, Egypt FAX:00-20-3-4224877 52 Al-Higaz Street, Al-Muhandesin CITY:Cairo PHONE:(00202) 3036011 or 3035942 FAX:303 6464 EMAIL:- OFFICE HOURS:8:30 - 3:00

Kiwi Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Pakistani Embassy in Cairo, Egypt New Zealand Embassy in Cairo Embassy of Pakistan in Cairo, Egypt Level 8, North Tower,Nile City: Towers,, 2005c 8, El Saluli Street,, Dokki, Giza Cairo Corniche El Nil Ramlet Beaulac CITY:Cairo CITY:Cairo PHONE:(+20-2) 37487806, 37487677, 37604816- PHONE:+202-2461-6000 17 FAX:+202-2461-6099 FAX:(+20-2) 37480310 WEBSITE:http://http://www.nzembassy.com/ EMAIL:[email protected], cairoparep@yahoo. EMAIL:[email protected] com, [email protected] OFFICE HOURS:Sun-Thur 0900-1600 hrs OFFICE HOURS:Monday-Friday 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m

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Palestinian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Polish Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt Embassy of Palestine in Egypt Consulate of Poland in Egypt 33 Al-Nahda Street Dokki 25 Talaat Harb St. CITY:Cairo CITY:Alexandria PHONE:202-3609873 / 3602997 / 8 PHONE:(+20-3) 4870407 FAX:202-3602996 FAX:(+20-3) 4869517 EMAIL:[email protected] , [email protected] EMAIL:[email protected]/[email protected] s

Polish Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Panamanian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Poland in Egypt Panama Embassy in Egypt 5 El Aziz Osman Str. 4a Ibn Zanki St., PO Box 62 El Zamelek CITY:Cairo CITY:Cairo PHONE:(+20-2) 7367456, 7359583 PHONE:(+20-2) 7361093, 7361094 FAX:(+20-2) 7355427 FAX:(+20-2) 7361092 WEBSITE:http://www.kair.polemb.net EMAIL:[email protected] EMAIL:[email protected]

Paraguayan Embassy in Egypt Polish Consulate in Port Said, Egypt Paraguayan Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Honorary Consulate of the Republic of Poland in Port 17 Port Said St. 4 floor No 43, Maadi, Cairo, Egypt, - Said PHONE:(+20) 2 735 0604, (+20) 2 378 2882 Street 23 July/Abd El Feda Str, P.O Box 335 , Port FAX:(+20) 2 735 1708 Said, Egypt, - EMAIL:[email protected] CITY:Port Said OFFICE HOURS:Sun-Thur: 9:00 - 17:00 PHONE:(00-266) 332-48-79 FAX:(00-266) 324-60-94 WEBSITE:http://- EMAIL:[email protected] Peruvian Consulate in Cairo, Egypt Embass of Peru In Cairo, Egypt

41 Al- Nahda Street, 2nd Floor Maadi, Cairo, Egypt, - CITY:Cairo Portuguese Embassy in Cairo, Egypt PHONE:(+20) 2 359 0306 ; (+20) 2 359 0406 Embassy of Portugal in Egypt FAX:(+20) 2 750 9011 El Saleh Ayoub Street Nr. 1, 3rd Floor, Apt 31 EMAIL:[email protected] ; emperu-elcairo@rre Zamalek e.gob.pe CITY:Cairo OFFICE HOURS:10.00-16.00 PHONE:+20.2.2735.0779 FAX:+20.2.2735.0799 EMAIL:[email protected] OFFICE HOURS:8h30 - 14h30

Filipino Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Portuguese Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Philippines in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Portugal in Egypt Road 200, Villa 28 Degla, Maadi, Cairo, ARAB El Saleh Ayoub Street Nr. 1, 3rd Floor, Apt 31 REPUBLIC OF EGYPT Zamalek CITY:Cairo CITY:Cairo PHONE:(+202) 2521-3062/ 3064/ 3065 PHONE:+20.2.2735.0779 FAX:(+202) 2521- 3048 FAX:+20.2.2735.0799 EMAIL:[email protected] / [email protected] EMAIL:[email protected] / [email protected] OFFICE HOURS:8h30 - 14h30 OFFICE HOURS:Monday-Friday 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m

74 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com FAX:(+20) 2 3346 1039 EMAIL:- Qatari Embassy in Cairo, Egypt DETAILSMamadou Mamoudou Sall, Ambassador Embassy of the State of Qatar Al-Thimar Street 10, Al Mohandisseen CITY:Cairo PHONE:(+20-2) 7604693/4, 7604689, 7603617, Serbian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt 7612749 Embassy of Serbia in Cairo, Egypt FAX:(+20-2) 7603618, 7610901 33, Al Mansour Mohamed St. Zamalek EMAIL:[email protected] CITY:Cairo PHONE:(+20-2)-7354061 / +20-2-7365494/+20-2- 7367094 FAX:+20-2-7353913 Romanian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt EMAIL:[email protected] Embassy of Romania in Cairo, Egypt 6, El-Kamel Mohamed Street, Zamalek, Cairo CITY:Cairo PHONE:(00) (20) (2) 7360107 or (00) (20) (2) Singaporean Embassy in Cairo, Egypt 7355326 Embassy of Singapore in Cairo, Egypt FAX:(00) (20) (2) 7360851 40 Adnan Omar Sedky St, Dokki 11511 EMAIL:[email protected] CITY:Cairo PHONE:(202) 749-0468/ + 20 - 2 - 3749 5045/ + 20 - 198 064 130 (For emergencies only) FAX:+ 20 - 2 - 3748 0562/ + 20 - 2 - 3337 4744 Russian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt (Consul Embassy of Russia in Cairo, Egypt WEBSITE:http://www.mfa.gov.sg/cairo Cairo, Dokki, Giza str., 95, Egypt EMAIL:[email protected] CITY:Cairo OFFICE HOURS:Sun - Thurs 8.00 am to 3.30 pm Fri PHONE:+202 748-9353, 748-9354, 748-9355, 748- & Sat - Closed 9356 FAX:+202 760-9074

WEBSITE:http://www.rusembassy.nm.ru EMAIL:[email protected] Slovak Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Slovakia in Cairo, Egypt 3, Adel Hosein Rostom, Ramses Post Office, Dokki, Giza, PO Box 450, 11794 Rwandan Consulate in Cairo, Egypt CITY:Cairo Rwandan Consulate in Cairo, Egypt PHONE:(+20-2) 3358240/+20-2-3357544/+20-2- 21B Omar Sir P.O. Box 485 , Cairo, Egypt 3376901 CITY:Cairo FAX:(+20-2) 3355810 PHONE:(+20) 2 2337 9947 / 8 WEBSITE:http://www.mzv.sk/Cairo EMAIL:[email protected] EMAIL:[email protected]

Sammarinese Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Slovenian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of San Marino in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Slovenia in Egypt Rue Ramez 5, Mohandessin 21 Soliman Abaza St., 6 th Floor Mohandessin CITY:Cairo CITY:Cairo PHONE:+20-2-7491771 PHONE:(+20-2) 3602718 FAX:(+20-2) 760874 FAX:+20-2-7497141 EMAIL:- EMAIL:[email protected]

Senegalese Consulate in Cairo, Egypt South African Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Honorary Consulate General of Senegalin Cairo, South Africa Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Egypt 55 Road 18, Maadi 46 Sharia Abdel Moneim Riad, Mohandessin, Dokki CITY:Cairo CITY:Cairo PHONE:(+20-2)-3594365, +20-2-3594950, +20-2- PHONE:+20-2-3461039, 3460946, 3460896 3594952, +20-2-3594975 FAX:+20-2-3595015

75 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com EMAIL:[email protected]

Sudanese Embassy in Cairo, Egypt

Embassy of Sudan in Egypt Korean Consulate in Egypt 3 Ibrahim St. Garden City:, Cairo, Egypt Consulate General of the Republic of Korea CITY:Cairo 3, Boulos Hanna Street, Dokki Cairo Egypt PHONE:(+20) 2 2794 9661 / (+20) 2 2794 0364 PHONE:(+20) 2 3761 1234 - 7 FAX:(+20) 2 2794 2693 FAX:(+20) 2 3761 1238 EMAIL:- EMAIL:[email protected]

Swedish Embassy in Cairo, Egypt

Embassy of Sweden in Cairo, Egypt Spanish Embassy in Egypt 13, Mohamed Mahzar Street, Zamalek, Cairo, Postal Embassy of Spain in Cairo Egypt Address: P.O. Box 131, 112 11 Zamalek, Cairo, 41, Ismail Mohamed, Zamalek Cairo Egypt Egypt PHONE:(+20) 2 2735 5813 / (+20) 2 2735 6437 CITY:Cairo FAX:(+20) 2 2735 2132 PHONE:+20 (2) 728 9200 EMAIL:[email protected] FAX:+20 2 2735 4357 EMAIL:[email protected] OFFICE HOURS:Sunday to Thursday 09:30-11:30

Spanish Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt Consulate of Spain in Alexandria Egypt 101, Av. El Horreya, Alexandria Egypt Swedish Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt CITY:Alexandria Consulate General of Sweden in Alexandria, Egypt PHONE:(+20) 3 393 91 85 20, Patrice Lumumba Street, Bab Sharki, Alexandria, FAX:(+20) 3 392 22 26 Postal Address: P.O. Box 622, 21131 , Alexandria, EMAIL:[email protected] Egypt CITY:Alexandria PHONE:+20 3 4890 221 FAX:+20 3 4890 121 EMAIL:[email protected] Spanish Consulate in Port Said, Egypt

Consulate of Spain in Port Said Egypt 19, El Gabarty & El Gueish, Port Said Egypt CITY:Port Said PHONE:(+20) (66) 233680 / (+20) (66) 226620 Swedish Consulate in Egypt FAX:(+20) (66) 233680 Honorary Consulate of Sweden in Suez, Egypt EMAIL:- 11, Saad Zaghloul Street, Suez, Egypt, com boha bahry-assuit-dairout-egypt, 71647 ??? ????, david

abd elmohsen beshara metry- 28815102500995national number egypt PHONE:+20 (62) 341 667 Spanish Consulate in Suez, Egypt FAX:+20 (62) 342 668 Consulate of Spain in Suez Egypt WEBSITE:http://https://www.biography.com/people 9, Bank Misr Street, Suez Egypt /david-copperfield-9542629 CITY:Suez EMAIL:- PHONE:(+20) 62 743659 OFFICE HOURS:7month-student aids-veterinary EMAIL:- adds-alaatheory-dass? hby- =har.wikipedia.org/wiki/???_????_????

Sri Lankan Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Sri Lankan Embassy in Cairo, Egypt No. 8, Sri Lanka Street Zamalek, Cairo, Egypt Swiss Embassy in Cairo, Egypt CITY:Cairo Embassy of Switzerland in Egypt PHONE:(+20) 2 7350047 / (+20) 2 7357175 10, Abdel Khalek Saroit, P. O. Box 633 , Cairo Egypt FAX:(+20) 2 7367138 CITY:Cairo WEBSITE:http://www.lankaemb-egypt.com PHONE:(+20) 2 2575 8284 EMAIL:[email protected] FAX:(+20) 2 2574 5236 WEBSITE:http://www.eda.admin.ch/cairo EMAIL:[email protected]

76 of 78 TeachingEnglishAcademy.com

Ugandan Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Syrian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Uganda in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of the Syrian Arab Republic in Cairo, Egypt 66 Road 10 Maadi, Cairo, Egypt 18 Abdel Rahim Sabry Street, Dokki Cairo, Egypt CITY:Cairo CITY:Cairo PHONE:(+20) 2-380 2514 / (+20) 2-748 5544 PHONE:(+20) 2 3335 8805 / 6 (+20) 2 3749 5210 FAX:(+20) 2-380 2504 FAX:(+20) 2 3335 8232 EMAIL:[email protected] EMAIL:[email protected]

Ukrainian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Tanzanian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Ukraine in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Tanzania in Egypt Villa 50, Road 83, Maadi, Cairo, Arab Rebublic of 9, Abdel Hamid Loutfy, Street, Dokki-Cairo, Arab Egypt, 11431 Republic CITY:Cairo CITY:Cairo PHONE:(00 202) 23 78 68 70/71, 23 78 68 72 PHONE:(20-2) 3374286, 704446, 346017 (Consular issues) FAX:(20-2) 704446 FAX:(00 202) 23 78 68 73 EMAIL:[email protected] WEBSITE:http://http://egypt.mfa.gov.ua DETAILS— EMAIL:[email protected], [email protected]. ua

Thai Embassy in Giza, Egypt Embassy of Thailand in Giza, Egypt Emirati Embassy in Cairo, Egypt 9 Tiba Street, Dokki, Giza Embassy of United Arab Emirates in Cairo, Egypt CITY:Giza 4 Ibn Sina Street Giza , Cairo, Egypt PHONE:(202) 336-7005, 760-3553-4 CITY:Cairo FAX:(202) 760-5076, 760-0137 PHONE:(+20) 2 760 9722 / (+20) 2 760 9723 EMAIL:[email protected] FAX:(+20) 2 570 0844 / (+20) 2 570 6750 OFFICE HOURS:Office Hours:: Sunday to Thursday EMAIL:[email protected] / [email protected] 09:00 – 16:30 Visa and Consular section: Weekly m.eg Holidays : Friday – Saturday 9:30 – 12:30

British Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Tunisian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt British Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Tunisia in Egypt 7 Ahmed Rageb Street, Garden City:, Cairo, Egypt 26 El Gizera Street Zamalek, Cairo 11211 Egypt CITY:Cairo CITY:Cairo PHONE:+ 2 (02) 2791 6000 PHONE:(+20) 2 2736 8962 / (+20) 2 2735 4940 FAX:+2 (02) 2791 6133 FAX:(+20) 2 2736 2479 WEBSITE:http://www.gov.uk/government/world/eg EMAIL:[email protected] ypt EMAIL:[email protected]

Turkish Consulate in Alexandria, Egypt Consulate of Turkey in Egypt American Embassy in Cairo, Egypt 25 El Falaki Street Bab El Louk Cairo, Egypt Embassy of United States in Cairo, Egypt CITY:Alexandria 5 Tawfik Diab Street, Garden City:, Cairo, Egypt PHONE:00 20-2 279 78 400 CITY:Cairo FAX:00 20-2 279 58 110 PHONE:(20-2) 2797 3300 WEBSITE:http://http://cairo.emb.mfa.gov.tr FAX:(20-2) 2797 3200 EMAIL:[email protected] WEBSITE:http://egypt.usembassy.gov EMAIL:[email protected] OFFICE HOURS:Sunday-Thursday, 8:00 a.m.-12:00 noon

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Uruguayan Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Yemeni Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Uruguay in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Yemen in Egypt 6, Loutfallah, Zamalek , Cairo, Egypt 28 Amin El Rafei Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt CITY:Cairo CITY:Cairo PHONE:(00202) 2735.35.89/ 2736.51.37 FAX:(00202) 2736.81.23 PHONE:(+20) 2 761 4224 / 5 / 6 EMAIL:[email protected] FAX:(+20) 2 760 4815 OFFICE HOURS:09:00 - 15:00 EMAIL:-

Uzbekistani Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Zambian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Uzbekistan in Cairo, Egypt Zambian Embassy in Cairo, Egypt 18 Saad El-Ali St. Dokki, Cairo, Egypt 6 Abd ar-Rahman Hussein, Mohandessin Dokki, CITY:Cairo Cairo, , Egypt PHONE:+20-2-336 1723 / 4516 CITY:Cairo FAX:+20-2-3361722 PHONE:(+20) (2) 7610282 EMAIL:- FAX:(+20) (2) 7610833 EMAIL:[email protected]

Venezuelan Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Venezuela in Egypt Zimbabwean Embassy in Cairo, Egypt 15 Mansour Mohamed Street Zamalek , P.O. Box Embassy of Zimbabwe in Cairo, Egypt 1217 Cairo, Egypt 7 Mohandes El Galal Street, Mohandessin, Giza, CITY:Cairo Cairo, Egypt PHONE:(+20) 2 736 4332 / 3517 CITY:Cairo FAX:(+20) 2 736 7373 PHONE:(+20) 2 305 9743 / (+20) 2 303 0404 EMAIL:[email protected] / [email protected] FAX:20-2-3059741 EMAIL:[email protected]

Vietnamese Embassy in Cairo, Egypt Embassy of Vietnam in Cairo, Egypt #8 Madina El Monawara Street, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt CITY:Cairo PHONE:(+20) 2 761 7309 FAX:(+20) 2 336 8612 / (+20) 2 761 7321 / 4 EMAIL:[email protected] / [email protected]

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Anon, (n.d.). [online] Available at: https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-culture-taboos- REFERENCES in-Egypt [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019].

Egypt Travel Experts. (n.d.). Egypt Information | Expatarrivals.com. (n.d.). Culture Shock in Egypt | Expat Economy | Egypt Facts | Geography | Culture - Arrivals. [online] Available at: AskAladdin. [online] Available at: https://www.ask- http://www.expatarrivals.com/egypt/culture-shock-in- aladdin.com/egypt/ [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019]. egypt [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019].

Shohayeb, Y. (n.d.). Things to Know Before Visiting Anon, (n.d.). [online] Available at: Egypt. [online] Culture Trip. Available at: http://www.expat.com/en/guide/africa/egypt/7059- https://theculturetrip.com/africa/egypt/articles/things- important-phone:-numbers-in-egypt.html [Accessed 2 to-know-before-visiting-egypt/ [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019]. Feb. 2019].

Encyclopedia.com. (n.d.). Egypt | Encyclopedia.com. GoAbroad.com. (n.d.). Embassies and Consulates in [online] Available at: Egypt | GoAbroad.com. [online] Available at: https://www.encyclopedia.com/places/africa/egyptian- https://embassy.goabroad.com/embassies-in/egypt political-geography/egypt [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019]. [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019].

Anon, (n.d.). [online] Available at: Anon, (n.d.). [online] Available at: https://www.iexplore.com/destinations/egypt/experienc https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-pros-and-cons- es/egypt/articles/best-books-to-read-about-egypt-you- of-living-in-Cairo-Egypt [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019]. gohttps://www.iexplore.com/destinations/egypt/experie nces/egypt/articles/best-books-to-read-about-egypt- Easyexpat.com. (n.d.). Finding Accommodation, you-go [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019]. Flatsharing, Hostels in Cairo, Accommodation in Egypt. [online] Available at: http://www.easyexpat.com/en/guides/egypt/cairo/acco Landed, J. and Landed, J. (n.d.). Egyptian Immigration mmodation/finding-accommodation.htm [Accessed 2 Requirements. [online] Just Landed. Available at: Feb. 2019]. https://www.justlanded.com/english/Egypt/Egypt- Guide/Visas-Permits/Egyptian-Immigration- Easyexpat.com. (n.d.). Buy house or flat in Cairo, Requirements [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019]. Accommodation in Egypt. [online] Available at: http://www.easyexpat.com/en/guides/egypt/cairo/acco Landed, J. and Landed, J. (n.d.). Visas for Egypt. [online] mmodation/buy-house-flat.htm [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019]. Just Landed. Available at: https://www.justlanded.com/english/Egypt/Egypt- Me, A. (n.d.). How to Find an Apartment in Egypt | Visa Guide/Visas-Permits/Visas-for-Egypt [Accessed 2 Feb. Hunter. [online] Visahunter.com. Available at: 2019]. http://www.visahunter.com/housing/how-to-find-an- apartment-in-egypt/ [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019]. Expatarrivals.com. (n.d.). Moving to Egypt | Expat Arrivals. [online] Available at: Me, A. (n.d.). How to Find an Apartment in Egypt | Visa http://www.expatarrivals.com/egypt/moving-to-egypt Hunter. [online] Visahunter.com. Available at: [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019]. http://www.visahunter.com/housing/how-to-find-an- apartment-in-egypt/ [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019]. Expatarrivals.com. (n.d.). Cost of Living in Egypt | Expat Arrivals. [online] Available at: Anon, (n.d.). [online] Available at: http://www.expatarrivals.com/egypt/cost-of-living-in- https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-best-websites-or- egypt [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019]. mobile-applications-for-a-beginner-to-learn-spoken- Arabic [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019]. Budget Your Trip. (n.d.). Egypt Travel Costs & Prices - The Pyramids, Temples & Nile Cruises | BudgetYourTrip.com. Wamda.com. (n.d.). How to Learn Arabic on Your Phone: [online] Available at: 10 Mobile Apps that Will http://www.budgetyourtrip.com/budgetreportadv.php?g eonameid=&countrysearch=&country_code=EG&categor Help - Wamda. [online] Available at: yid=0&budgettype=1&triptype=0&startdate=&enddate= https://www.wamda.com/2013/04/how-to-learn-arabic- &travelerno=0 [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019]. on-your-phone-10-mobile-apps-that-will-help [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019]. Prevention, C. (2019). Health Information for Travelers to Egypt - Traveler view | Travelers' Health | CDC. [online] Planetware.com. (n.d.). 15 Top-Rated Tourist Attractions Wwwnc.cdc.gov. Available at: in Egypt | PlanetWare. [online] Available at: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/non https://www.planetware.com/tourist-attractions/egypt- e/egypt [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019]. egy.htm [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019].

Marzouk, S. (n.d.). 10 Traditional Egyptian Dishes You Need To Try. [online] Culture Trip. Available at: https://theculturetrip.com/africa/egypt/articles/10- traditional-egyptian-dishes-you-need-to-try/ [Accessed 2 Feb. 2019].