January 2017 Haiti— Post-Matthew EFSA - Phase 1 DROUGHT YEARS OF CONSECUTIVE AFTER TWO ( Post
EFSA 4,300 is household per expenditure food monthly average The (sale of house, land or last female animals). coping strategies ‘emergency’ coping consumption); 17% stocks adopted households ‘crisis’coping strategies (sale ofof productive assets orseeds thirds mechanismshaving negativea impact livelihoods:on 21% two Almost following Nippes significant and deployment of food Sud assistance Grand’Anse, since October. of the departments in recorded was consumption food acceptable with population in increase significant A (53%);consumption householdstwounacceptablehavein one thanfood More rural areas in Grand Anse present a better situation. ofsome areasCayes,andSouthruralJeremieLes orlike insecurity. food humanitarian whereAreas of quickly deployed response was 50% in than area more dry costal present Artibonite, the and Gonave La Nippes, in livelihoodzone mountain the area, rural Anse Grand’ Ouest, severely foodinsecure (around 280,000 people).The Nord arefood insecure (around 1.5 million people),including 5% affected mostareas populationthe the in of Around38% displaced or host displaced persons. by affected andcultivated plots;6% directly householdsof interviewed stocks housing, arestill to were damage of terms households in mainly Matthew, of 60% Over Hurricane Matthew. after and months security two areas affected food most the on inlivelihoods impact the presents paper This
- 2017 JUNE THROUGH WELLBEING THEIR SUSTAIN TO ABLE BE NOT WILL POPULATION OF PROPORTION HIGH AN EXTREMELY Gourdes
“Matthew” Emergency food Security Assessment“Matthew” Emergency Security food )
- Highlights
(approximately 66 USD) Phase 1areas*) affected (most
ON 3 LEVEL A BY WERE HIT HAITI OF AREAS PRODUCTIVE MOST THE
-
4 OCTOBER -
4 HURRICANE 4 HURRICANE
-
representing
UNACCEPTABLE DIETS UNACCEPTABLE CONSUMING ARE HOUSEHOLDS OF 50% THAN MORE - AFFECTED DIRECTLY WERE HOUSEHOLDS OF 61% in thein areas of the country covered by the current study. lean the of season onset early An 2017. June through wellbeing their sustain to able be not will areas affected most the in population of farmers proportion high among extremely an that losses suggests animals and stocks to associated livelihoodsaffectthat mechanisms coping of level high The * Grand’ Anse, Sud, Nippes, Sud Grand’Sud,Nippes, * Anse,
sold two thirds of their animals. landforthe winter season. 2016Livestock owners Spring/Summer havelost or the from season; on stocks average each farmer food lost 0.33 Ha of cultivated of 75% least at agricultural lost households of thirds two Over of income. sourceshouseholdstwofourinto Onelostone 6%). by gifts, as increased charcoalproductionone (eachdonations ofor such sources profitable and sustainable less income in production reductionwasobserved. cropresult,aAs households andrely on livestock significant trade, as such activities generating a Matthew, After opposed to pre departments South and Anse Grand increased8%quartiles bywealthindex poorvery and poor households the proportion Theinof Gourdes Nord of population The than average cost of food basket (5,537 Gourdes). their48%of global monthly expenditures
–
which ordinarily starts in April in starts ordinarily which
WFP/Lorene DIDIER
to food.
- Matthew period.
- Est, Nord Ouest HT01, La Gonave, Artibonite Artibonite Gonave, La Ouest HT01, Nord Est, - us ddct ls ta 3,000 than less dedicate Ouest
LOSING AT LEAST 3/4 OF 3/4 LEAST AT LOSING DAMAGED PLOTS THEIR H OF 3FARMERS 2 OUT ACTIVITIES GENERATING INCOME IN REDUCTION A SIGNIFICANT IN RESULTED MATTHEW THEIR STOCKS THEIR – -
is also expectedalso is n eebr as December in - -
with peaks inpeakswith slightlylower
HT01
AD AD -
January 2017 Haiti— Post-Matthew EFSA - Phase 1 GRAND ANSE HT08 NIPPES HT07 NORD OUEST HT01 LA GONAVE/ARTIBONITE GONAVE/ARTIBONITE LA insecure food Severely Severely food insecure food Severely insecure food Severely Severely food insecure food Severely
280,000 people are severely food insecure
Impact on Food Security Food Impact on
January 2017 Haiti— Post-Matthew EFSA — Phase 1 January 2017 Haiti— Post-Matthew EFSA — Phase 1 *Consolidated Approach to Report of Food Insecurity of Food Report to Approach *Consolidated surveyed in country. the of rest the GonaveHT01 Nippes,Sud,Sud zones incovered conducted is assessment The in the estimation of the Food Insecurity index. livelihoodcoping strategies atthehousehold level FoodConsumption Score(FCS),ExpenditureFood Shareand CARI*methodologyWFPThe in resolution higher a with departments country severely hit the by the hurricane. of departments 10 the in strata 23 the of eachrepresentative estimatesin A term humanitarian and early withintheaffected population guidetoandshort mediumto targeting inform better Worldwide, Concern Vision, to World ECHO,DFID,USAID, of support and the with and FEWSNET, FAO, WFP, the with productions on partnershipNational security Coordination (CNSA)in food of impact the by conducted assessment security was emergency food the understand livelihoods. to and affectedconductedareaswasidentify humanitarianto needs 4 Shortlyafterpassagethecyclonethe of Matthew October on Impact of “Matthew” Impact of th *
,2 households 6,420 In orange shocks directly related Matthew to DESTRUCTION/DAMAGE OF PLOT/HOUSE DUE TO FLOODING 06 a ai fo scrt assmn i te most the in assessment security food rapid a 2016,
more directly affected by the hurricanedirectlythemoreaffected by ,4 households 3,840
phase one n eebr a oe in more a December, In -
REDUCED SALES/DEMAND FOR OWN BUSINESS from2to 20 December. The second will cover DESTRUCTION/DAMAGE CULTIVATED PLOTS - Est, NordEst, SolidaritéInternationale, . OTHER DAMAGEOF THEHURRICANE
DESTRUCTION/DAMAGE HOUSING ape a dsge t provide to designed was sample hs umr i aot h zones the about is summary This - INFLATION/FOOD PRICES SPIKES - OuestHT01,Artibonite,la de Ile DISEASE OF FAMILYA MEMBER recovery interventions. –
based on the combinationthebasedon of n h dprmns and departments the in w phases two LOSS OF INCOME/JOB
- et post depth
- CARE,COOPI,
Grand Anse,Grand . -
wasused -
h first The Matthew 0%
EU, 5% 8% - 10% 16% 18% Methodology 20% 32% 30% 39% 43% 40% 50%
62% 60% 70%
Most common shocks MAIN SHOCKS January 2017 Haiti— Post-Matthew EFSA — Phase 1 reverse. livelihoods,their includingadopting 29%severe (‘crisis’ ‘emergency’) or strategies extremelywhichare difficult to Between November and December 2016, around 64% of households engaged in negative coping strategies affecting meals per day (74%) are the most common strategies adopted. preferredcheaperorfood products (77%);reducing mealportionssizetheof (73%);reducingand number the of Finally,thevast majority ofhouseholds applied oneormore food consumption the of symptomatic is hardship which these populations debts, contracting households are facing to of withstand prevalence the highest critical themoment. recorded also strategies Withexception Nippesof andGrand AnseHT07, thestrata with thehighest levels ofadoption ofemergency coping given that almost 50% of the population also contracted debts to face the shocks. (15%).landUnfortunately,plotstheirsoldor also sufficient hurricane notwithstand wasthethis impacttoof the extremelyproportionanarea,highpastoralthishouseholds (30%).zonesHT01commonInOuestin Nordof has Thesale of the lastfemale animals peaks of 17% in Grand’Anse HT08. strategy.Almost theof7%households hadrecurto beggingto asemergency level livelihood coping strategy, with seasonsourceasfoodofconsumption. Aroundhouseholds 11%of soldreproductive animals emergencyas coping adoptedmostcrisisthe Among this proportion decreased by 74% in the department of Sud, by 58% in Grand’Ansedecrease and60%proportionobserved thethe householdsby in to of 54% adopting inlivelihood Nippes. copingstrategies; particular, in Foodassistance reaching overmilliona beneficiaries since mid strategies. The situation is extremely critical in Nord Coping Strategies Coping Adoption of Coping
Strategies by Area Proportion of households directly affected by ‘Matthew’
and proportion of indebted households Affected - coping strategies, 16% of households used their seed stock for the next croppingnextthe for householdsstock copingstrategies,seed theirusedof 16%
–
representingone of the ultimate resort safety nets in Haiti Indebted - Ouest HT01 where 37% of households have engaged in emergency coping
- OctoberGrandin Anse, Nippes andSudcontributed
hs eeet wtes h lvl of area this level in following‘Matthew’. population the the of witness hardship elements These (49%). money borrow to forced also was that population of area level highest this the recorded 55%), (over strategies Matthew. by adoption of of hit level significant the directly Despite were HT01 Nord in households of 87% Around Nord andSud departments. of in level especially the indebtedness, with convergence of level certain a shows Matthew of impact thedirect areas, affected most the in adopted strategiescopingof level highthe Despite
-
basedcoping strategies. Eating less
cii’ n ‘mrec’ coping ‘emergency’ and ‘crisis’ Emergency No coping
Stress Stress Severity of Coping Strategies Crisis
–
isthe particularly Sold last female animals female Sold last Begged Sold next the season for saved to be were that stocks seed Consumed school from Withdrew children transport of means or assets Sold productive to eat elsewhere bers mem- household Sent money Borrowed food borrowed credit or on food Purchased goods assets/ Sold household a mech- coping any adopt notdid Household n i s m house or land house or
- - Ouest Ouest
January 2017 Haiti— Post-Matthew EFSA – Phase 1 October 2016. of departements Grand’Anse,Nippes and Sud the contributed to thesignificant reduction of food inexpenditures in these areas since mid assistance scaling The below significantly average. confirmed are harvest seasons winter and summer spring/ not for projections will if and invert, market the exchange on trend foreign the if high. worsen further prices food has local dollar kept US the the of against currency depreciation sharp a limited months, to availability associated food internal two past the over imports significant the and deployed assistance food massive the Despite budget to food against 44% of food secure. significantvulnerability.economicsymptomaticof very Overall,quarternearlyhouseholds(23.3%)atheirmonthly whichfoodisofof budget 65%onspend than more expenditures worth around 5,000 gourdes, while Nord Sud and HT08 Grand’Anse HT01, Furthermore, South access to food of households in these areas. morethanandrespectively64%62% Grand'thein Anse HT08andSud lessthan50% thecostof theminimum of food basket (see thepurple linethe inabove graph); this ratio rises to widestThegapswereobserved Nord in monthly food basketminimum whosepurchasethe costto is allow5,537not gourdes*. does foodexpenditureaverage on analysis,the of areas 13 the of each In person/day), representing 48% of total monthly expenditures. average,On eachhousehold spendsaround 4,300 gourdes monthperfood(i.e.onUSD 0.44aboutand 66USD/ frequently consumed products in the main retail markets of Haiti of retail markets the main in products consumed frequently avera members and onthe five of a family for consumption food on thebased average basket food is minimum the value* the of
- p f mrec food emergency of up
hs could This - Ouestwhere2,600onlygourdesmonth spentawerewhich accounts for .
- Ouest has the lowest record with less than 3,000 gourdes. -
s H0 rcr te ihs vle o te vrg food average the of values highest the record HT07 Est Food insecure households allocate 54% of their monthlytheir of insecurehouseholds54%allocate Food Markets and Food Expenditures Food Markets and
- Est HT07Estreflecting thelimited economic ge ge monthly prices (Sep prices monthly
Costthe minimum of food basket food
- Nov 2016) of the most most the of 2016) Nov
Share of food expenditure
(by category and by
- absolute values )
January 2017 Haiti— Post-Matthew EFSA — Phase 1 While the proportion of unacceptable food consumption is quite uniform across strata, the one of households not households of one the strata, across uniform quite is consumption food unacceptable of proportion the While s d l o h e s u daily o basis. h consumeiron d e c a l p s i d non of of 13% and 8%displaced only Furthermore, 3% to among non opposed as foods rich A Vitamin consume not displacedhurricanetheby do households of 12% Around of , r o and o Vitamin p A terms rich foods. in consumptionproteins,ironof y l e m e r xt e especially t no diversityandvaluedietsis of nutritional The eggs. or fish lessfrequently, pulses, meat/ groups mainly staples, food oil, sugar and, three only affectedconsumemostareas the inpeople of 21%Around exacerbated the constrained access Nord to thefood and In animal HT01; Nippes products and after Anse two Grand consecutive of zones livelihood yearsinland of drought. negativeThe
Consumption of Iron and =FCS Food Consumption Score
Vitamin A-rich foods by Consumption Food area of analysis
- displaced. - Ofhouseholds 20 householdsOf 53
rich foods on a onfoodsrich mat f ate o bas n bnns rdcin eutd n osrie acs t fo i the in food to constrained access in production resulted bananas and beans on Matthew of impact % %
- - CONSUMPTION CONSUMPTION UNACCEPTABLEFOOD CONSUMPTION CONSUMPTION FOOD POOR
only one to only two groups, one to staples and oil. Nord in 10% and town Jeremie in households of 14% affected However day. most the per groups food different 4.93 consume areas in people average, On adequate and overdiet have36% FCS. poor an an to Nord access have not in does have HT01 households of 75% households Almost of consumption.food unacceptable 50% Over - us H0, h ipc o Mthw further Matthew of impact the HT01,Ouest - Ouest HT01 consume HT01 Ouest generally adequate adequate across strata.all generally is proteins to Access t o n and Iron rich foods. A Vitamin s d consuming l o h the e s u o h of has proportion highest Nippes (8.9%), respectively. HT07 Sud in and e t la i (9.5%) n o b HT01 i t r A in / ve a n o G peaks significantly, with varies foods or rich A Vitamin iron consuming
-
Ouest
January 2017 Haiti— Post-Matthew EFSA — Phase1 the pre levelfoodofsecurity. Indeed, Sud,Grand’Anse andNippes sawtheir levels foodofinsecurity increase compared to In areas mostly affected by Matthew, the impact that the hurricane had on the poorest households also affected their the widespread structural poverty limiting the marginal decreases in the multi Thelimited variation in food insecurity observed in Nord poor and poor very of number the households. in increase consequent Similar trends a are with observed 1/4, in Nippes by HT07. fell quartile this in fallinghouseholds middle HT08, and HT07 Sud In
Differences in the percentage - hurricane situation (+10% for Grand’Anse, +9% for SUD HT08, +7% for Nippes HT07). of households falling in the WI quartiles after Matthew FCS FCS TRENDS - noe oshls ee iial afce: fe te urcn, h nme of number the hurricane, the after affected: similarly were householdsIncome
REACHED PEOPLE 1 - M
OuestHT01 and La Gonave/Artibonite HT01 could be due to
Middle Very Poor Very Better Poor - income - off
Some householdsown mobile phones, radio,electric iron Betteraccess basicto services Betterquality of houseconstruction Access onlyto some services Housesare built with non Pooraccess basicto services (water, electricity etc.) Nolatrine/toilets inside thehome Housesare built with durable materials (cement, tiles, wood, etc.) Mosthouseholds own mobilephones, radio, motorbike and electriciron Runningwater and toilets inside thehome and access to services - dimensional indicator of wealth. humanitarian response. limited with combined hurricane were access the ofimpact theexacerbated by and food food to availability constraints structural inadequate Here, December. in consumption an had Nord In Grand Anse, Sud and Nippes; with the three most affected districts of population unacceptableconsumptionfood to in the contributed reduce December 22 and October 14 betweenreached beneficiaries million a over with Scale - p f od assistance food of up ASSISTANCE HUMANITARIAN Through - poor or poor quartiles. very the towards shifted households ofthird one in almostGrand’Anse, where affected particularly was middle households of income wealth The Poor poor Very the towards shifted who on income especially impact significant a had hurricane the that to poverty shows on analysis the comparison pre thresholds fixed in two (post thresholds using By durablematerials (straw, plastic sheets, etc.) - us, rud 5 still 75% around Ouest,
quartiles quartiles (+3%).
ee households level
+% and (+5%)
-
Matthew), -
Matthew Middle
-
- January 2017 Haiti— Post-Matthew EFSA — Phase 1 18%. householdsincreasedpoorbyvery the insecure amongfood proportion ofthe hurricane hit, the Matthew.After Grand’AnseIn householdsHT08,the mainlydepending maizeproductions on mostseverelywerethe affected by households. Theurban areasLesof Cayes andJérémie recorded thelowest level foodof insecurity amongpoor and very poor recorded the highest proportion of food insecurity before and after the Nordhurricaneofareas coastal (54%).the In the richest quintile ( numberthehouseholds of fallingpoorestthe in quartiles). WI Jérémie,Insignificant a reduction householdsof in Similartrendsrecordedaremiddlefor middle Themost affected populations are found in the mountaineous areas of Grand’Anse HT08 where a 16% decrease of 22% with a consequent increase of poor and very poor households middle of (+16% wealth and the affected+11% mainly hurricanerespectively); The
- income
households was observed underpinned by a 23% increase in the number of poorest households.poorestof numberthe increasein 23% aobservedunderpinned householdswasby - 11%) was justified by a 13% increase in the number of the - Ouest HT01,Ouest - incomehouseholds( HT01Sud in poor
and -
noe ipae hueod, hs nme dcesd by decreased number households, displaced whose income mainly depending on the production of charcoal and maizecharcoalandproduction ofthe dependingmainlyon Impact on Livelihood Impact on - 10% with a consequentawithincrease 10%9% in adcat 4% gis 2%; and 24%); against male subsistencefarming (55% against 49%). (40% of 19% handicraft against only insecure among food (35% The fishing households on depending headed sources. female are income exception same the female food and male in between observed was insecurity difference significant no Overall, two sourcesofincome. or one lost households the of 25% Around charcoal (allincreased by 6%). of Hurricane production or donations the less gifts, on as such sources rely of profitable and to sustainable forced aftermath were households the In most the the of in affectedareas. 50% income over household average provide still sectors ( production ( Trade been have hit mostly sectors economic The poor - edd oshls eedn on depending households headed - 9) lvsok ( livestock 19%), or
very poor - %. oee, h three the However, 5%).
households;
- % ad crop and 6%) - headed);
January 2017 Haiti— Post-Matthew EFSA — Phase 1 Conclusions land was observed within farmers consuming seed stocks against 32% of those marginalwho35%result,reduction aadid cultivatednot. As not.consumed ofdid thoseagainstwhowho 1.4of seeds 1.9 is farmersresorted more regularly toconsumption oftheir seed stocks. The average surface oflands owned by those Seedstocks consumption copingaas mechanisms adopted farmersby alsoaffected cultivated areas. Small thecountry. in areas productive most the among departmentsare three The Nippes. and Anse Grand Sud, in observed winterseason 2016 hurricaneaffectedTheseverely agricultural potentialforthcoming productionsreducedproductionthethe and for reduction in the number of income sources. Nord 28% of the population which lost at least one source of income and the Grand’Anse, whereThe districts26% have whereexperienced ‘Matthew’ a affected more significantly the livelihoods of local populations have been the Sud, with moment. the of and sufficient hardship the hadto contractto face also them debts of 49% not were these (55%), mechanisms coping Nord the of in half population than the more Although animals. emergency) female last or or land plot, of (crisis sale consumption; stocks seeds severe as such strategies adopting 29% including asset to with had pre households engage of 64% shocks, withstand to order In exacerbated response insecurity.structural food humanitarian limited and Matthew of impact the where HT01, Gonave la de Ile and Artibonite of areas coastal the in extent lesser a Nord in observed are levels insecurity - in successful highly Grand the of mitigating departments insecuritythe in food were interventions Humanitarian especially hurricane, the of impact livestock agriculture and production the assistance. to external due directly insufficient income of of source one lost have households case of 25% Around in through insecure2017 food June severely become to and risking of third them one with insecure food insecurity are households 5 of out 2 food significantly Almost EFSA. the by populationscovered the of livelihoods affected Matthew ne Sd n Npe. oee, xrml hg food high extremely However, Nippes. and Sud Anse,
- 17.On average, thecultivated surface decreased byone third,with more significant reductions - rdn ngtv cpn strategies coping negative eroding
- Ouest HT01 recurred to these these to recurred HT01 Ouest - related. - Ouest HT01 and to and HT01 Ouest
- Ouest also experienced similar patterns with a 20% reduction. - existing existing stock productive areas affected by the the by affected areas hurricane productive stock live- and farming of majority vast the for March or February of by expected also is onset season lean the normal than main earlier of An commodities. prices increased limited and to availability due food 2017 June through increase to likely the is insecurity food for season, 2016/17 land winter cultivated actual their decreased 33% and cultivate or plant to able be to expect Outlook : Since 2 out of 5 households did not not did households 5 of out 2 Since : .
The most significant significant most The g n i p o c of female animals.last f high o sale including mechanisms the n o i t with p o d a he t line in nce i s is This occurred. hurricane d ve r e Tropical bs o Units the livestock animal through in 2/3rd ownership a reduction average, On TLUs) and in Sud HT08 HT08 Sud (1.9 TLUs). in (2.1 and HT07 TLUs) Anse Grand in observed was reduction
–
calculated calculated - - holder
was was January 2017 Haiti— Post-Matthew EFSA — Phase 1
of beneficiaries while helping resume agricultural activities / breeding for next season as well as the small trade small the and fishing activities. as well as season next for breeding / activities agricultural resume helping while beneficiaries of Cash interventions interventions Cash A more refined set A of refined set targeting more criteria will producedbe in the final EFSA report. Asinterventions, of part rehabilitation should givenbe for early recovery with activities the ordinary calendars. agricultural relevant productive seasons. overlapping avoid is Furthermore, important to it the between labour’s workload to It is important (coffee, cocoa, coconut,avocado, citrus bymango, etc.) which the affected hurricane.have been most perimeters, and watershed management andinirrigated activities consolidation of support the multi the Ministry of Agriculture, interventions andto inof with construction particular or rehabilitationregards of roads for activities the rehabilitation of areas the productive in proposed the DisasterPost Assessment Needs (PDNA) of the Explore opportunity to trading, fishing,Petty livestock. Support fortherecapitalisation householdsof Ha financial or, of in thansignificant constraint less case Ha). 0.5 above). Iffor distributionnecessary,seeds targeting should on based be small Geographicaltargeting short cycle to of seeds corn, finger in andbeans, millet rural areas. Distributioninputsand seedsof continuethe Grand supporting vulnerable the groups.Sudmost to bybelow: region targeting See criteria Roll Recommendations Contacts [email protected] [email protected] FEWSNET [email protected] [email protected] FAO [email protected] [email protected] Sécurité Coordination Nationale de la [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Haiti Office/HQ Country programme Food World (WFP)
-
out emergencyfoodassistance Country Office Country Rural areas. Household relying on in farmingNord especially Households only relying on non Sud HT01; and Households depending onproduction, livestock prioritizing Nord Households with heador having illiterate no education; or households Displaced hosting IDPs; people;Households with or chronically disabled ill Children in malnourished, schools, pregnant children andwomen inlactating the affected areas; Artibonite HT01,Artibonite Grand AnseHT07,HT01; Nippes Alimentaire (CNSA), HaïtiAlimentaire (CNSA),
Country office/HQ Country office/HQ synchronize thetimelinesynchronizeinterventions of
-
could be implemented where markets are functioning in order to support acute food needs needs food acute support to order in functioning are markets where implemented be could
–
prioritizing areas withprioritizing over of insecure50% food farmers mentioned (see strata
record the activities of foodofrecord activities distribution the
-
-
in the most affected strata. in affected the most - in Nord sustainable income sourcesincome sustainable and(gifts assistance);
- Ouest HT01,HT01 andOuest la Gonave Artibonite and depending mainly byaffected most Hurricanedepending particularly special attention special to Nord - Ouest HT01,HT07, Nippes AnseGrand La HT08, Gonave
, from short to medium to long from medium to , theshort to term, to
In important be to will distributeparticular, it
in kind in or through cash as of part the - Ouest HT01, Sud
- holders farmersholders (less than1.5
- Ouest HT01 Ouest - est HT07,est HT01 Nippes
.
- year crops
January 2017 Haiti— Post-Matthew EFSA – Phase 1
DIDIER WFP/Lorene