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“ST. IVAN RILSKI”, Vol. 58, Part I, Geology and Geophysics, 2015

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“ST. IVAN RILSKI”, Vol. 58, Part I, Geology and Geophysics, 2015 ANNUAL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINING AND GEOLOGY “ST. IVAN RILSKI”, Vol. 58, Part I, Geology and Geophysics, 2015 ARCHITECTURAL-ELEMENT UNIT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PETROHAN TERRIGENOUS GROUP SECTIONS IN PART OF WESTERN STARA PLANINA MOUNTAIN. II. SAND-DOMINATED CHANNEL UNITS George Ajdanlijsky University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”, 1700 Sofia, [email protected] ABSTRACT. The sand dominated architectural-element units represented in the Petrohan Terrigenous Group profiles in Western Stara Planina Mountain are elements SB, DA и LA. Element SB is build up by lithofacieses Str, Sp, Sl, and Sr, and forms bodies with diversified internal structure and geometry. To this element relate lithofacial packages, built up mainly by lithofacies Sr. Its formation is result of development of various as geometry fields of sand ripples, waves and bars development, as well as sand sheets from the upper stream regime, formed inside the channel complexes, and the character of the sand dominated fluvial system. The vertical stacking of the units one over another are associated with varied as frequency fluctuation of the flow regime. Among the major hallmarks of DA element are the presence of second- and third-rank low-angle surfaces that dip towards the local sedimentary paloeotransport direction and the relatively small angle between the prevailing dip-direction of the progradation and accretion surfaces and the local sedimentary paloeotransport direction. Element DA is generated by fields of meso- and small- scale sand bodies, that migrate down the stream through and around the large-scale macroforms and represents mainly in-channel composite bars, that progradationaly increase and, to a lesser extent, through lateral accretion or vertical aggradation. Element LA is built up by variety of sand dominated lithofacies associations - lithofacieses Str, Sp, Sl and Sr. Definitive about it feature are the accretion third-rank bounding surfaces, showing offlap the top of the unit and downlap to channel bottom, with oblique to perpendicular dip-direction of these surfaces to the main paleostream direction inside the channel. The creation of element LA due to point bar development which lateral accretion grow is in direction oblique to perpendicular to the main cannel stream. Key words: Lower Triassic, Petrohan Terrigenous Group, architectural-element analysis, in-channel units ARCHITECTURAL-ELEMENT UNITS CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PETROHAN TERRIGENOUS GROUP SECTIONS IN PART OF WESTERN STARA PLANINA MOUNTAIN. III. OVERBANK UNITS George Ajdanlijsky University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”, 1700 Sofia, [email protected] ABSTRACT. Four architectural elements among the overbank deposits of Petrohan Terrigenous Group in Western Stara Planina Mountain are recognized. Flat bodies built up mainly of lithofacies Sh, Sl and Sm, with subordinate presence of lithofacies Sp, Str and Sr, are termed as element LS (laminated sandy sheets), which development is connected to large scale flood events. Element LV – heterolithic near- channel low-relief bars (natural levees), is represented by flat to wedge-shaped bodies, built up of alternation of silty to clayey sandstones of lithofacies Sh, Sl and Sr and fine-grained hyporocks. Its formation is a multistage processconnected to discharging of the terrigenous stock of the rivers during flood events, immediately after its leaving the channel contour. For element OF (fine-grained sediments from overbank plain), built up mainly of lithofacies Fm and Fl and less by lithofacies Fsc, flat geometry of the bodies is typical. The main factors which control its shape and thickness are the amount and the type of the sediment input in the overbank plain and the prevailing fluvial style. Lens-, wedge- and sheet-like sandstone bodies with thickness from ten to hundred cm and significant lateral persistence, developed among the overbank deposits (element OF) are recognized as element CS – crevasse splay. Normally, this element is dominated by lithofacies Str, Sl and Sr and is interpreted as a manifestation of deltoid low-relief cones (fans?) in the flood plain, immediately to the channels formed at levee break during the flood. Key words: Lower Triassic, Petrohan Terrigenous Group, architectural-element analysis, overbank units THE LIMESTONE PEBBLES AT THE OUTCROPS OF CARBONIFEROUS AND PERMIAN SEDIMENTS AT NORWEST BULGARIA Yanaki Tenchov Geological Institute Bulgarian Acad.Sci., Sofia, ytenchov@abv ABSTRACT. At a part of Northwest Bulgaria, between Fore-Balkan Fault to north, and Svoge anticline to south, from river Iskar to East and the boundary with Serbia to west, into Stephanian and Permian clastic sediments there are levels with limestone pebbles. The conodonts obtain from the pebbles are of Ordovician, Devonian, and Early Carboniferous age. The Stephanian and Permian sediments are establish in four belts in Svoge, Berkovitsa, Mihailovgrad, and Belogradchik anticlines. At the Berkovitsa anticline belt are not limestone pebbles. The block with Berkovitsa, Mihailovgrad and Belogradchik anticline gets up from river Iskar to west till Timok Fault in Serbia after the beginning of Stephanian. During the Alpid movements the faults, separating the anticlines are rework in overthurst. 1 ROCK DIVERSITY AND GLACIAL FORMS IN GEOSITE SEVEN RILA LAKES Iliyana Tsvetkova, Dimitar Sinnyovsky University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”, 1700 Sofia, [email protected] ABSTRACT. Geosite Seven Rila Lakes is an essential part of the geological diversity of Bulgaria. Geoconservation value of the site is in the well developed glacial formations, part of which are the lakes, and the various igneous and metamorphic rocks, cropping out in the area of the natural landmark. They are represented mainly by biotite and amphibole-biotite gneiss, serpentinized ultrabasite with metagabbro, mica schist and granate-kyanite schist of the Rupchos metamorphic complex and the aplite-pegmatite granite of the Rila-West Rhodopean batholith. Main glacial forms are represented by cirques, moraines and glacial valley, formed by the movement of the glacier. Smaller glacial formations like roche mountonnée and glacial erratics are also encountered. Geosite area is a tiered cirque composed of cascade located smaller cirques. After the glacial activity fluvial-glacial deposits are formed – gravels, boulders and granite blocks with uneven amount of sand and clay. GLACIAL FORMATIONS AND DEPOSITS IN THE AREA OF THE FISH LAKES IN RILA MONASTERY NATURAL PARK Nadezhda Atanasova, Dimitar Synnyovsky University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”, 1700 Sofia, e-mail (10-point, italic) ABSTRACT. Rila is the highest mountain in the Balkans. It is part of Rila-Rhodopean Massive. Rila is a dome block-fault mountain, built mostly of Precambrian metamorphic rocks, Cretaceous and Paleogene granitoids. Its geological development in the Cenozoic is determined by the formation of block structures. The contemporary alpine landscape is shaped by the occurrence of a series of Quaternary glaciations. During the last Würm glaciation, the lower limit of the glaciers was about 2200 m altitude, above which they radically alter the existing landscape, carving out deep cirques and glacial valleys, pyramid shaped mountain peaks and leave behind many moraine deposits. Glacial lakes, located between 2,000 and 2,700 m elevation are among the most remarkable relicts of the Quaternary glaciations. Among the most attractive and difficult to access cirques lakes in Rila are the Fish Lakes. They are situated in the upper part of Manastirska River. The wealth of the surrounding varied landscape - hanging valleys, cirques, ridges and pyramidal peaks, makes them one of the most attractive geotopes in Rila comparable by their beauty and grandeur only with the Seven Rila’s Lakes. Stinking lake is the largest glacial lake in the Balkans and surrounding peaks Rilets, The Rock and Yosifitsa are among the highest peaks in Rila. Fish lakes are located on the territory of the park "Rila Monastery", which in the past was part of the Rila National Park. Today it is a separate protected area in the center of which is the most significant site of the Bulgarian cultural and historical heritage - the Rila Monastery, included in UNESCO World Heritage List with more than 1 million visitors annually. Current research on glacial forms and deposits in the area of Fish Lakes are a contribution to the development of the future Geopark Rila, that aims to unite the natural, cultural and spiritual heritage of the region. Key words: Rila mountain, glacial formations, glacial lakes “KYUPRIYA CAPE” GEOTOPE, TOWN OF PRIMORSKO, BOURGAS DISTRICT Boris Valchev, Venelin Jelev University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”, 1700 Sofia ABSTRACT.The present article represents the results from investigation of the geoconservation value of “Kyupriya Cape” geotope (the name is proposed here), located in the eastern part of the Town of Primorsko, Bourgas District. It has not been described yet as geological phenomenon and it is not included in the “Register and cadaster of the geological Phenomena of republic of Bulgaria” as well as in the StateRegister of Natural Sites. The geotope comprises the seacoast in the area of Kyupriya Cape and represents a band of outcrops with total length of 1.05 km, which begins 300 m east-northeast of Primorsko Port and ends nearthe southern end of the “Primorsko North”beach (“Stomoplo-Perla”). It is formed in the rocks of the Upper Cretaceous volcanogenic ZhivizliyaFormation and
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