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12 – Literatur 161 12 Literatur Alebeek, F. A. N. v. und A. v. Huis, 1997. Host location in stored cowpea by the egg parasitoid Uscana lariophaga Steffan (Hym., Trichogrammatidae). J Appl Entomol. 121: 399-405. Ananthasubramanian, K. S. und T. N. Ananthakrishnan, 1975a. Taxonomic, biological and ecological studies of some Indian membracids (Insecta: Homoptera) - Part I. Rec Zool Surv India. 68: 161-272. Ananthasubramanian, K. S. und T. N. Ananthakrishnan, 1975b. Taxonomic, biological and ecological studies on some Indian membracids - Part II. Rec Zool Surv India. 68: 305-340. Andersson, M., 1994. Sexual Selection. Princeton University Press, Princeton. 624 S. Begon, M., J. L. Harper und C. R. Townsend, 1996. Ecology: Individuals, populations and communities. Blackwell Science, Oxford. 1068 S. Begon, M., M. Mortimer und D. J. Thompson, 1997. Populationsökologie. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg. 380 S. Bell, W. J., 1991. Searching Behaviour: The behavioural ecology of finding resources. Chapman & Hall, London. 358 S. Borowsky, B., 1991. Patterns of reproduction of some Amphipod Crustaceans and insights into the nature of their stimuli. In: Crustacean Sexual Biology (R. T. Bauer und J. W. Martin, Hrsg.), Columbia University Press, New York, S. 33-49. Boulard, M., 1973. Le pronotum des Membracides: camouflage sélectionné ou orthogenèse hypertélique? Bull. Mus. Nat. D`Hist. Nat. 83: 145-165. Breddin, G., 1901. Die Hemipteren von Celebes. Ein Beitrag zur Faunistik der Insel. Abh. naturforsch. Ges. Halle. 24: 1-213, Pl. I. Breddin, G., 1902. Einige Homopteren aus der Verwandtschaft von Hypsauchenia. Germ. Soc. Ent. 17: 90-92. Bristow, C. M., 1983. Treehoppers transfer parental care to ants: a new benefit of mutualism. Science. 220: 532- 533. Bristow, C. M., 1984. Differential benefits from ant attendance to two species of Homoptera on New York ironweed. J Anim Ecol. 53: 715-726. Broomfield, P. S., 1971. A catalogue of the membracid types (Homoptera: Membracidae) in the British Museum (Natural History). Bull British Mus, Entomol. 25: 327-386. Brown, R. L., 1976. Behavioral observations on Aethalion reticulatum (Hem., Aethalionidae) and associated ants. Insectes Soc. 23: 99-108. Brühl, C. A., M. Mohamed und K. E. Linsenmair, 1999. Altitudinal distribution of leaf litter ants along a transect in primary forests on Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. J. Trop. Ecol. 15: 265-277. Buckley, R., 1983. Interaction between ants and membracid bugs decreases growth and seed set of host plant bearing extrafloral nectaries. Oecologia. 58: 132-136. Buckton, G. B., 1905. Observations on some undescribed or little-known species of Hemiptera-Homoptera of the family Membracidae. Trans. Linn. Soc. London. Zoology. 9: 329-338, Pls. 21-22. Butlin, R. K., 1993. The variability of mating signals and preferences in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Homoptera: Delphacidae). J Ins Behav. 6: 125-140. Candy, D. J., 1985. Intermediary Metabolism. In: Biochemistry (G. A. Kerkut und L. I. Gilbert, Hrsg.), Bd. 10 in Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology (G. A. Kerkut und L. I. Gilbert, Hrsg.), Pergamon Press, Oxford, S. 1-41. Canny, M. J. und M. J. Askham, 1967. Physiological inferences from the evidence of translocated tracer: a caution. Ann Bot. 31: 409-416. Capener, A. L., 1962. The taxonomy of the African Membracidae. Part 1. The Oxyrhachinae. Rep. South Africa, Dep. Agr. Tech. Serv., Entomology Memoirs. 6: 1-164. 12 – Literatur 162 Caussanel, C., 1970. Principales exigences ecophysiologiques du forficule des sables, Labidura riparia (Derm. Labiduridae). Ann Soc Entomol Fr. (NS) 6: 589-612. Clutton-Brock, T. H., 1991. The Evolution of Parental Care. Princeton University Press, Princeton. 352 S. Cocroft, R. B., 1996. Insect vibrational defence signals. Nature. 382: 679-680. Cocroft, R. B., 1999a. Offspring-parent communication in a subsocial treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Umbonia crassicornis). Behav. 136: 1-21. Cocroft, R. B., 1999b. Parent -offspring communication in response to predators in a subsocial treehopper (Hemiptera: Membracidae: Umbonia crassicornis). Ethol. 105: 553-568. Concepts, A., 1994. Survival Tools for StatView. Abacus Concepts, Berkeley. 127 S. Cushman, J. H. und T. G. Whitham, 1989. Conditional mutualism in a membracid-ant association: temporal, age-specific, and density-dependent effects. Ecology. 70: 1040-1047. Cushman, J. H. und T. G. Whitham, 1991. Competition mediating the outcome of a mutualism: protective services of ants as a limiting resource for membracids. Am Nat. 138: 851-865. Davey, K. G., 1985. The female reproductive tract. In: Embryogenesis and Reproduction (G. A. Kerkut und L. I. Gilbert, Hrsg.), Bd. 1 in Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology (G. A. Kerkut und L. I. Gilbert, Hrsg.), Pergamon Press, Oxford, S. 15-36. Day, M. F., 1999. The genera of Australian Membracidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Invertebr Taxon. 13: 629-745. De Winter, A. J., 1992. The genetic basis and evolution of acoustic mate recognition signals in a Ribautodelphax planthopper (Homoptera: Delphacidae). J Evol Biol. 5: 249-265. Deitz, L. L., 1975. Classification of the higher categories of the New World treehoppers (Homoptera: Membracidae). North Carolina Agric Exp Sta Tech Bull. 225: 1-177. Deitz, L. L. und C. H. Dietrich, 1993. Superfamily Membracoidea (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha). I. Introduction and revised classification with new family-group taxa. Syst. Entomol. 18: 287-296. Delvi, M. R. und T. J. Pandian, 1972. Rates of feeding and assimilation in the grasshopper Poecilocerus pictus. J Insect Physiol. 18: 1829-1843. Denno, R. F., L. W. Douglass und D. Jacobs, 1986. Effects of crowding and host plant nutrition on a wing- dimophic planthopper. Ecol. 67: 116-123. Dietrich, C. H. und L. L. Deitz, 1993. Superfamily Membracoidea (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha). II. Cladistic analysis and conclusions. Syst. Entomol. 18: 297-311. Distant, W. L., 1908. Rhynchota. - Vol. IV. Homoptera and Appendix (Pt.). In: The fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma (L.-C. C. T. Bingham, Hrsg.), Taylor and Francis, London, S. i-xv, 1-501. Distant, W. L., 1915. Rhynchotal notes.-LVI. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. 16: 322-328. Dixon, A. F. G., 1975. Aphids and translocation. In: Transport in plants. I Phloem transport (M. H. Zimmermann und J. A. Milburn, Hrsg.), Bd. 1 in Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series (A. Pirson und M. H. Zimmermann, Hrsg.), Springer, Berlin, S. 154-170. Dixon, A. F. G. und T. R. Dharma, 1980. 'Spreading of the risk' in developmental mortality: size, fecundity and reproductive rate in the black bean aphid. Entomol Exp Appl. 28: 301-312. Downer, R. G. H., 1985. Lipid Metabolism. In: Biochemistry (G. A. Kerkut und L. I. Gilbert, Hrsg.), Bd. 10 in Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology (G. A. Kerkut und L. I. Gilbert, Hrsg.), Pergamon Press, Oxford, S. 77-113. Eberhard, W. G., 1975. The ecology and behavior of a subsocial pentatomid bug and two scelionid wasps: Strategy and counterstrategy in a host and its parasitoids. Smithson Contrib Zool. 205: 1-39. Eberhard, W. G., 1986. Possible mutualism between females of the subsocial membracid Polyglypta dispar (Homoptera). Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 19: 447-453. Eberhard, W. G., 1997. Sexual selection by cryptic female choice in insects and arachnids. In: The evolution of mating systems in insects and arachnids (J. C. Choe und B. J. Crespi, Hrsg.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, S. 32-557. 12 – Literatur 163 Eggert, A. K. und J. K. Müller, 1997. Biparental care and social evolution in burying beetles: lessons from the larder. In: The Evolution of Social Behavior in Insects and Arachnids (J. C. Choe und B. J. Crespi, Hrsg.), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, S. 216-236. Ekkens, D., 1972. Peruvian treehopper behavior (Homoptera: Membracidae). Entomol News. 83: 257-271. Ellers, J., 1996. Fat and eggs: an alternative method to measure the trade-off between survival and reproduction in insect parasitoids. Netherl J Zool. 46: 227-235. Falconer, D. S. und T. F. C. Mackay, 1996. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. Longman, Essex. 478 S. Fiedler, K., 1993. The remarkable biology of two Malaysian lycaenid butterflies. 18: 35-43. Fiedler, K. und U. Maschwitz, 1989. Functional analysis of the myrmecophilous relationships between ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and lycaenids (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae). II. Lycaenid larvae as trophobiotic partners of ants - a quantitative approach. Oecologia. 75: 204-206. Fink, L. S., 1986. Costs and benefits of maternal behaviour in the green lynx spider (Oxyopidae, Peucetia viridans). Anim Behav. 34: 1051-1060. Frenoy, C., C. Durier und N. Hawlitzky, 1992. Effect of kairomones from egg and female adult stages of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)(Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) on Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko (Hymenoptera, Trichogrammatidae) female kinesis. J Chem Ecol. 18: 761-773. Fritz, R. S., 1982. An ant-treehopper mutualism: effects of Formica subsericea on the survival of Vanduzea arquata. Ecol Entomol. 7: 267-276. Funkhouser, W. D., 1917. Biology of the Membracidae of the Cayuga Lake Basin. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. St., Memoir. 2: v + 1-445. Funkhouser, W. D., 1927. Membracidae. In: General Catalogue of the Hemiptera (G. Horváth und H. M. Parshley, Hrsg.), Bd. I in Hrsg.), Smith College, Northampton, S. 1-581. Funkhouser, W. D., 1929. New Archipelagic Membracidae. Philippine Jour. Sci. 40: 111-131. Funkhouser, W. D., 1932. Membracidae from Mount Kinabalu. Fed. Malay States
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  • Conservation of Notable Species in Sandwell Country Park

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    Provisional Review of Scarcer Sandwell Valley Invertebrates. version 10 (March 2015) NB. This updates and replaces previous versions. Please inform us of any obvious errors or updates to help us refine our work. Contents Page 1 General comments 2 Map of the Valley 3-5 Table showing some scarce invertebrates 5-8 information on some scarcer species 9 Woodland Habitat Indicator Species 13 Notes on Butterflies of the Valley 14 Notes on conservation of the invertebrates Background Since 1974 local naturalists and Country Park Rangers have been gathering data about Sandwell Valley Wildlife. The advent of the EcoRecord database at the Wildlife Trust For Birmingham & the Black Country has enabled some 35 000 individual Valley wildlife records of over 4000 species to be computerised. The use of English Nature 'Recorder' has not only enabled analysis of the records into categories of rarity, but also enabled us to see the location of these species so that Country Park Managers and other interested parties have much more precise information on them than before. This is a seventh update of the original. It includes notes on many interesting local and scarce insects. This update retains lists of the Valley's ecological indicator species, concentrating on established woodland indicators. The final part lists the Butterflies of the Sandwell Valley with notes. Limitations of the current data set There are great differences in observer coverage on many potentially valuable Valley sites. Many organisms have not received attention for a variety of reasons- shortage of specialists and lack of identification literature for many obscure groups may mean that it is many years before some become accessible for study.
  • Maternal Care in Pygoplatys Bugs (Heteroptera: Tessaratomidae)

    Maternal Care in Pygoplatys Bugs (Heteroptera: Tessaratomidae)

    NOTE Eut. J. Entomol. 95: 311-315, 1998 ISSN 1210-5759 Maternal care inPygoplatys bugs (Heteroptera: Tessaratomidae) M atija GOGALA', Hoi-Sen YONG2 andC arsten BRÜHL3 1 1 Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije, Presemova 20, P.O. Box 290, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia; e-mail: [email protected] departm ent of Zoology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3Zoologie III, Theodor-Boveri-Biozentrum der Universität, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany Tessaratomidae,Pygoplatys, maternal care, egg guarding Abstract.Cases of maternal care and egg guarding were observed and photographed in bugs of the family Tessaratomidae. Females of one still undescribed speciesPygoplatys of from Doi Inthanon, Thailand, and ofPygoplatys acutus from Borneo are carrying their young larvae on the venter. The egg guarding was also observed inPygoplatys acutus from Kepong, Peninsular Malaysia. It seems, that maternal care is a characteristic behavior in bugs of the genusPygoplatys. Introduction Parental care at various levels is present in many insect groups. The guarding of eggs and attendance of the early instars probably reduces the levels of mortality during these stages, even in subsocial species which lack any nesting behavior. The parental (and usually maternal) care is known in the orthopteroid orders and in many other groups, e.g. Embioptera, Psocoptera, Thysanoptera, Heteroptera, Homoptera, Coleóptera and Hymenoptera (Tallamy & Wood, 1986). In Heteroptera, cases of maternal egg guarding and early instar attendance have been reported for many terrestrial and some aquatic species (Melber & Schmidt, 1977; Schuh & Slater, 1995). In families Reduviidae and Belostomatidae, cases of paternal care of the young are known (Tallamy & Wood, 1986). Until now, however, the only report of parental care in family Tessaratomidae has been published by Tachikawa (1991, egg guarding in the Japanese species of Pygoplatys and Erga; after Tallamy & Schaefer, 1997).
  • Sweetpotato Major Pests.P65

    Sweetpotato Major Pests.P65

    Sweetpotato:Sweetpotato:Sweetpotato: MajorMajorMajor PPPests,ests,ests, Diseases,Diseases, andand NutritionalNutritional DisordersDisordersDisorders T. Ames, N.E.J.M. Smit, A.R. Braun, J.N. O’Sullivan, and L.G. Skoglund ISBN 92-9060-187-6 Sweetpotato: Major Pests, Diseases, and Nutritional Disorders T. Ames, N.E.J.M. Smit, A.R. Braun, J.N. O’Sullivan, and L.G. Skoglund International Potato Center (CIP) C O N T E N T S The International Potato Center (CIP) is a scientific, nonprofit institution dedicated to the increased and more sustainable use of potato, Page sweetpotato, and other roots and tubers in the Foreword vii developing world, and to the improved management of agricultural resources in the Acknowledgments viii Andes and other mountain areas. CIP is part of the global agricultural research network known as the Consultative Group on Introduction 1 International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). CGIAR Insect Pests of Sweetpotato and Their Management 3 International Potato Center Apartado 1558 Storage Root Feeders 4 Lima 12, Peru Sweetpotato Weevils (Cylas spp.) 4 West Indian Sweetpotato Weevil (Euscepes ISBN 92-9060-187-6 postfasciatus)10 Press run: 1000 Rough Sweetpotato Weevil (Blosyrus sp.) 12 Printed in Lima, Peru August, 1997 Clearwing Moth (Synanthedon spp.) 14 Peloropus Weevil (Peloropus batatae)14 Cover: Photo of chlorotic spots with and without purple margins induced White Grubs 15 by SPFMV (taken by S. Fuentes). Stemborers and Feeders 16 T. Ames, N.E.J.M. Smit, A.R. Braun, J.N. O’Sullivan, and L.G. Skoglund. Clearwing Moth (Synanthedon spp.) 16 1996. Sweetpotato: Major Pests, Diseases, and Nutritional Disorders.