DOCSLIB.ORG

Annual Report 2018 2

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Annual Report 2018 2 P HOTOVOLTAIC P OWER S YSTEMS P ROGRAMME ANNUAL REPORT 2018 2 COVER PHOTO: GREEN ENERGY PARK - A First Model in Africa The Green Energy Park photovoltaic plant, inaugurated by His Majesty King Mohammed VI in January 2017, is a unique model in Africa. The plant, with a total capacity of 250 kW, installed and connected to the grid is composed by different sub-systems with capacities varying between 5 kW and 30 kW. Its outdoor test platforms are designed in collaboration with the Fraunhofer CSP institute, and combine a multitude of test-set-ups, in order to investigate and characterize PV modules in harsh weather conditions and to obtain valuable data about their performances onsite. Located in the Green City of Ben Guerir, it covers the electrical needs of the Green Energy Park platform laboratories. It covers an area of approximately 1,5 ha. The plant, considered as a living laboratory by itself, contributes to R&D projects for the determination and identification of the most suited technologies for local conditions. It also gives the opportunity for national and worldwide PV module producers to test and characterize their photovoltaic technologies in real conditions. The plant is owned and operated by the Green Energy Park platform. KEY POINTS • Installed in self-consumption configuration to cover the R&D platform needs in terms of electricity; • Composed of many types of technologies (crystalline, thin film, CPV, fixed static structures, trackers); • Total area 1,5 ha; • 25 solar string inverters with different capacities are used and distributed for each sub-system; • Test of photovoltaic technologies at module level to identify the degradation mechanisms occurring on the different components of the PV modules in real conditions; • Test of photovoltaic technologies at string level to characterize their behavior in terms of power ratio and degradation mechanisms on the different component of PV plants in real local conditions. The Green Energy Park is the unique model of its kind in Africa, which allows, on the one hand, the creation of synergies and the mutualization of infrastructures of several Moroccan research institutions in order to create a critical mass and achieve excellence; and on the other hand, the acquisition of knowledge and know-how by the various partner universities as well as Moroccan industries. A multitude of advanced equipment and high technology lets it cover the entire value chain of research and helps to make Morocco a leading country in the field of solar energy. Credits: Cover photo and above, courtesy of IRESEN CHAIRMAN’S MESSAGE 3 CHAIRMAN’S MESSAGE The Photovoltaic Power Systems Technology Collaboration Programme, the IEA PVPS TCP, under the auspices of the International Energy Agency, is pleased to provide its 2018 annual report to you. This report provides you with the latest results from our global collaborative work as well as developments in PV research and technology, applications and markets in our growing number of member countries and organizations worldwide. 2018 has confirmed the strong development of the global photovoltaic (PV) market of previous years and the continuous increase in competitiveness of solar photovoltaic power systems whereby PV is rapidly entering the energy world in many of our member countries. Achieving levelized costs of electricity from PV as low as under 2 USDcents/kWh, establishing Gigawatt (GW) scale markets in an increasing number of countries around the world and a continuous evolution of the market framework set the scene for our global collaborative efforts. Similar to 2017, our market analysis for 2018 estimates close to 100 GW installed worldwide, raising the cumulative installed capacity to above 500 GW respectively half a Terawatt (TW). China, India, the USA and Japan represented the largest markets in 2018, accounting for more than 70 % of the additional installed capacity in these four countries alone. 32 countries had at least 1 GW of cumulative PV systems capacity at the end of 2018 and 10 countries installed at least 1 GW in 2018. Meanwhile, in 29 countries, PV contributes with 2 % or more to the annual electricity supply. In 2018, PV has contributed to roughly 2,5 % of the world’s electricity generation. These dynamic market developments, progress in PV technology and industry and a rapidly changing overall framework form the basis for the activities of the IEA PVPS Programme. In 2018, the IEA PVPS TCP started implementing its new strategy for the term 2018 – 2023, focussing on the integration of PV in the energy system as a whole. Indeed, as PV is increasingly becoming a part of the energy system, integration at all levels becomes a key strategic matter. Keeping our overall mission to foster global cooperation and working on both technical and non-technical issues, IEA PVPS widens its scope, both in content and in cooperation with other organizations. Our key collaborative projects are related to environmental assessment of PV, reliability and performance investigations, cost reduction, grid and building integration, best practice in various applications, as well as the rapid deployment of photovoltaics. Anticipating future needs, IEA PVPS also addresses recent policy and market issues, new business models, sustainable policy frameworks, as well as technical and market related integration of photovoltaics in the electricity and energy system at large. During 2018, IEA PVPS started working on its new collaborative project Task 17 on PV and Transport, thereby marking the trend of PV entering an even broader range of applications. As PV matures with a growing number of stakeholders and organizations, providing well targeted, high-quality information about relevant developments in the photovoltaic sector, as well as policy advice to our key stakeholders, remain our highest priorities. Due to the increasing recognition of photovoltaics as an important future energy technology, the interest in the work performed within IEA PVPS is constantly expanding and the outreach of our efforts becomes more and more relevant. Besides fostering an increased cooperation within the IEA technology network, stronger ties are being built with organizations such as IRENA and the IEC, as well as with the utility sector. Interest and outreach for new membership within IEA PVPS continued in 2018. With Morocco becoming a PVPS member in 2018, IEA PVPS confirms its global expansion across all five continents. At the end of 2018, IEA PVPS had 32 members and is one of the largest IEA technology collaboration programmes (TCPs). Exploration for membership continues with India, New Zealand, Singapore and ECREEE (ECOWAS Regional Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency). IEA PVPS maintains its coverage of the majority of countries active in development, production and installation of photovoltaic power systems. 85 % of the global installed PV capacity is in IEA PVPS member countries. The detailed results of the different PVPS projects are presented in the Task reports of this annual report and all publications can be found at the PVPS website (www.iea-pvps.org). Learn about the current status of photovoltaics in all PVPS member countries described within the country section of this annual report. Our work would not be possible without a committed community of experts and colleagues. I therefore wish to thank all Executive Committee members, Colleagues in the PVPS Management Board, Operating Agents and Task Experts, for their ongoing and dedicated efforts for a unique and truly global cooperation! Stefan Nowak Chairman 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chairman’s Message 3 Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme 7 TASK STATUS REPORTS Task 1 – Strategic PV Analysis & Outreach 9 Task 12 – PV Sustainability 13 Task 13 – Performance, Operation and Reliability of PV Systems 17 Task 14 – Solar PV in a Future 100 % RES Based Power System 23 Task 15 – Enabling Framework for the Acceleration of BIPV 28 Task 16 – Solar Resource for High Penetration and Large Scale Applications 34 Task 17 – PV and Transport 40 PHOTOVOLTAIC STATUS AND PROSPECTS IN PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES AND ORGANISATIONS AUSTRALIA 42 AUSTRIA 44 BELGIUM 47 CANADA 49 CHILE 51 CHINA 54 COPPER ALLIANCE 58 DENMARK 59 EUROPEAN COMMISSION 61 FINLAND 63 FRANCE 64 GERMANY 68 ISRAEL 72 ITALY 75 JAPAN 78 KOREA 84 MALAYSIA 87 MOROCCO 89 THE NETHERLANDS 91 NORWAY 93 PORTUGAL 95 SOLARPOWER EUROPE 98 SOUTH AFRICA 100 SPAIN 103 SWEDEN 106 SWITZERLAND 109 THAILAND 113 TURKEY 115 UNITED STATES 119 COMPLETED TASKS 122 ANNEXES A – IEA-PVPS Executive Committee Members 124 B – IEA-PVPS Operating Agents 127 6 PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME 7 PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMME IEA The International Energy Agency (IEA), founded in November 1974, addition of its most current PVPS TCP members, it embraces all is an autonomous body within the framework of the Organization for continents and subcontinents; Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which carries out a • to provide a global network of expertise for information comprehensive programme of energy cooperation among its member exchange and analysis concerning the most relevant technical countries. The European Union also participates in the IEA’s work. and non-technical issues towards sustainable large-scale Collaboration in research, development and demonstration (RD&D) deployment of PV; of energy technologies has been an important part of the IEA’s • to act as an impartial and reliable source of information for Programme. PV experts and non-experts concerning worldwide
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hybrid Wind-Solar Reliable Solution for Turkey to Meet Electric Demand
    BALKAN JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL & COMPUTER ENGINEERING DOI: 10.17694/bajece.73922 62 Hybrid wind-solar reliable solution for Turkey to meet electric demand K. Dawood Abstract— Energy is the most important part of life, it is essential for social and economic development. Turkey is importing more than half of the energy from other countries to produce electricity by thermal plants. Air pollution is also becoming quite a big problem for Turkey due to the thermal production of the energy. One of the most effective solution for air pollution is renewable energy because nowadays renewable energy is environment Fig.1. Generation of electric power since 2011 [2] friendly. Turkey has many geographical location advantages one of them is renewable energy resources. Turkey has limited fossil fuel Figure 1 shows the generation of electricity in Turkey from resources and due to this reason Turkey must shift more electricity 2011 to 2015. Last year, more than 68 percent of total production to the renewable energy resources. Renewable energy has less environment impacts as compare to the fossil fuels but still electricity was generated by thermal power plants. renewable energy sources are not reliable and competitive as Approximately 5 percent of the electricity was generated from compare to the fossil fuels. The present study deals with the renewable assets of Turkey, 26 percent of electricity generated advantages of Hybrid renewable energy systems (Solar and Wind through hydropower plants. energy) in Turkey. Turkey is one of the richest country in the world in terms of Map of Turkey with high resources of solar-wind hybrid energy renewable resources.
    [Show full text]
  • Interplay Between the Potential of Photovoltaic Systems And
    1 Interplay between the potential of photovoltaic systems and 2 agricultural land use 3 Luís Dias*, João Pedro Gouveia, Paulo Lourenço, Júlia Seixas 4 5 CENSE – Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, NOVA School of Science 6 and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon 7 8 *Corresponding author. Address: CENSE – Center for Environmental and Sustainability 9 Research, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon 2829-516 10 Caparica, Portugal 11 Tel.:+351 21 294 83 74 12 E-mail address: [email protected] (Dias, L.) 13 14 Highlights 15 • Technical potential for utility-scale solar PV projects in rural areas is assessed. 16 • Agriculture and nature conservation land use shorten solar PV farms potential. 17 • Limited PV potential ca still cover substantial shares of local annual electricity consumption. 18 • 1 MW CPV projects show the highest land-use efficiency and productivity. 19 • PV contributes significantly to region energy independence. 20 21 Abstract 22 The recent decrease in solar photovoltaic (PV) investment cost has transformed the 23 attractiveness of the technology. Southern Europe has one of the highest levels of solar radiation 24 in the world, and policy makers are very keen to take full advantage of this resource for 25 electricity and heat production. However, physiographic characteristics and specific land uses 26 (e.g. agro-forestry and nature conservation) present important spatial constraints. This paper 27 proposes a methodology for the evaluation of utility-scale solar PV projects’ (>1 MW) technical 28 potential. The municipality of Évora (Portugal) was used as a case study, considering 29 topographical features and spatial planning regulations.
    [Show full text]
  • Seragie Daniel 213016737.Pdf
    An application of pinch analysis in the design of a stand-alone thermochemical cycle, hydrogen hub sourced from renewables in rural South Africa By Daniel Cecil Seragie Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Engineering: Chemical Engineering In the Faculty of Engineering At the Cape Peninsula University of Technology Supervisor: Mr. Joe John Co-Supervisor: Prof Daniel Ikhu-Omoregbe Bellville Campus May 2020 CPUT copyright information The dissertation/thesis may not be published either in part (in scholarly, scientific or technical journals), or as a whole (as a monograph), unless permission has been obtained from the University DECLARATION I, Daniel Cecil Seragie, declare that the contents of this dissertation/thesis represent my unaided work and that the dissertation/thesis has not previously been submitted for academic examination towards any qualification. Furthermore, it represents my own opinions and not necessarily those of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Signed Date i | P a g e ABSTRACT Economic and social development are closely related to the accessibility of electricity. Meanwhile, non- grid connected rural areas shoulder the burden of health and environmental risks since extending the grid is considered uneconomical. Renewable hydrogen, hybrid energy systems are viewed as a promising solution in remote areas where grid extension is costly and fuel costs increase parallel to remoteness. Hence, this study applies heat and power pinch analysis in the conceptual design of an isolated, decentralized thermochemical cycle hydrogen & biogas energy hybrid, to satiate the electricity needs of a non-grid rural area in South Africa. This study highlights the value of using heat pinch and PoPA tools as a mid-term supplement to combat increasing energy costs, reduce negative environmental impacts, improve profits, and more importantly as a contribution to ensuring temperatures are kept well below 2℃ above pre-industrial levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Page 1 of 20 RSC Advances
    RSC Advances This is an Accepted Manuscript, which has been through the Royal Society of Chemistry peer review process and has been accepted for publication. Accepted Manuscripts are published online shortly after acceptance, before technical editing, formatting and proof reading. Using this free service, authors can make their results available to the community, in citable form, before we publish the edited article. This Accepted Manuscript will be replaced by the edited, formatted and paginated article as soon as this is available. You can find more information about Accepted Manuscripts in the Information for Authors. Please note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the text and/or graphics, which may alter content. The journal’s standard Terms & Conditions and the Ethical guidelines still apply. In no event shall the Royal Society of Chemistry be held responsible for any errors or omissions in this Accepted Manuscript or any consequences arising from the use of any information it contains. www.rsc.org/advances Page 1 of 20 RSC Advances Modelling and analysis on the effect of different parameters on a parabolic-trough concentrating solar system M.K. Islam ∗,a , M. Hasanuzzaman a, N.A. Rahim a,b aUM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC), Level 4, Wisma R&D, University of Malaya, 59990 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia b Renewable Energy Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia Abstract Concentrating solar power technologies are potential energy-harvesting systems. This paper simulates and analyzes the design of a parabolic-trough concentrating solar system. Optimum measurements are sought for the receiver, and collector performance is investigated using three heat transfer fluids, namely, ammonia, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide.
    [Show full text]
  • Turkey's Renewable Energy Sector from a Global Perspective
    www.pwc.com/tr Turkey’s Renewable Energy Sector from a Global Perspective Welcome Over the past few years, policymakers in Turkey have realised the role that renewable energy can play in expanding power generation and diversifying the energy supply mix in an environmentally sustainable way. As Turkey’s reliance on imported More steps need to be taken in a Faruk Sabuncu natural gas for power generation has coordinated manner to improve Energy, Utilities and given rise to concerns over supply the investment environment for Mining Leader security and the country’s bulging renewable energy in Turkey. current account deficit, support of Firstly, regulatory uncertainties domestic energy sources such as coal and bureaucratic inefficiencies and renewables has gained a new in licensing and granting permits urgency. In this regard, Turkey’s shall be eliminated. Secondly, an new Renewable Energy Support investment plan shall be made for the Mechanism is an important step expansion of the power transmission forward. network in a way that will enable Murat Çolakoğlu the optimal mix of renewable energy Power Leader This publication is about Turkey’s power plants to be connected to the new Renewable Energy Support grid. More generally, policies that Mechanism and the state of play support the energy sector as a whole in its renewable energy sector. would also be beneficial for investors However, we also look at the policy in renewable energy. As such, further environment and commercial liberalization of the energy markets developments around the world, as would be key to attracting more we believe that the renewable energy investment to the energy sector.
    [Show full text]
  • The Potential of Agrivoltaic Systems Harshavardhan Dinesh, Joshua Pearce
    The Potential of Agrivoltaic Systems Harshavardhan Dinesh, Joshua Pearce To cite this version: Harshavardhan Dinesh, Joshua Pearce. The Potential of Agrivoltaic Systems. Renewable and Sus- tainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, 2016, 54, pp.299-308. 10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.024. hal-02113575 HAL Id: hal-02113575 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02113575 Submitted on 29 Apr 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Preprint of: Harshavardhan Dinesh, Joshua M. Pearce, The potential of agrivoltaic systems, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 299-308 (2016). DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.024 The Potential of Agrivoltaic Systems Harshavardhan Dinesh1 and Joshua M. Pearce1,2,* 1. Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University 2. Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Michigan Technological University * Contact author: 601 M&M Building 1400 Townsend Drive Houghton, MI 49931-1295 906-487-1466 [email protected] Abstract: In order to meet global energy demands with clean renewable energy such as with solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, large surface areas are needed because of the relatively diffuse nature of solar energy. Much of this demand can be matched with aggressive building integrated PV and rooftop PV, but the remainder can be met with land-based PV farms.
    [Show full text]
  • Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Systems in the Mediterranean Kyriazos Alexandros
    Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems in the Mediterranean Kyriazos Alexandros SID: 3302140027 SCHOOL OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science (MSc) in Energy Systems DECEMBER 2015 THESSALONIKI – GREECE -i- Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) systems in the Mediterranean Kyriazos Alexandros SID: 3302140027 Supervisor: Prof. Agis Papadopoulos Supervising Dr. Georgios Martinopoulos Committee Members: Dr. Georgios Giannakidis SCHOOL OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science (MSc) in Energy Systems DECEMBER 2015 THESSALONIKI – GREECE -ii- Abstract This dissertation was written as a part of the MSc in Energy Systems at the International Hellenic University. Its main scope is to produce an assessment of the chances, risks and expected benefits of the concentrating solar power (CSP) technology, with emphasis given to socio-economic and environmental aspects for the Mediterranean region. For this purpose, after providing an overview of the CSP technologies and analyzing the configuration of CSP plants, the socio-economic impact derived from CSP technology and the various environmental impacts were examined. In addition an overview of the CSP market worldwide and the potential implementation of CSP technology in some Mediterranean countries were presented. Consequently, various case studies were analyzed to evaluate impact of aspects like use of land and water, use of hybrid RES systems and also thermal storage applications. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the financial viability of a CSP plant in Mediterranean region under various preconditions. Τhe study and comprehension of such an innovative and complex technology as CSP systems combined with the various aspects affected is a quite demanding with a high level of difficulty process that requires an extensive knowledge in many scientific fields, such as a good knowledge of fundamentals of solar thermal systems but also a good knowledge in fundamentals in investment appraisals.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential of Renewable Energy Resources with an Emphasis on Solar Power in Iraq: an Outlook
    resources Viewpoint Potential of Renewable Energy Resources with an Emphasis on Solar Power in Iraq: An Outlook Hussain H. Al-Kayiem * and Sanan T. Mohammad Mechanical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +60-14-300-1591 Received: 25 January 2019; Accepted: 20 February 2019; Published: 25 February 2019 Abstract: This study presents an outlook on the renewable energies in Iraq, and the potential for deploying concentrated solar power technologies to support power generation in Iraq. Solar energy has not been sufficiently utilized at present in Iraq. However, this energy source can play an important role in energy production in Iraq, as the global solar radiation ranging from 2000 kWh/m2 to a 2500 kWh/m2 annual daily average. In addition, the study presents the limited current solar energy activities in Iraq. The attempts of the Iraqi government to utilize solar energy are also presented. Two approaches for utilizing concentrated solar power have been proposed, to support existing thermal power generation, with the possibility of being implemented as standalone plants or being integrated with thermal power plants. However, the cost analysis has shown that for 50 kW concentrated solar power in Iraq, the cost is around 0.23 US cent/kWh without integration with energy storage. Additionally, notable obstacles and barriers bounding the utilization of solar energy are also discussed. Finally, this study proposes initiatives that can be adopted by the Iraqi government to support the use of renewable energy resources in general, and solar energy in particular.
    [Show full text]
  • Concentrating Solar Power
    Concentrating Solar Power The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. Citation Weinstein, Lee A. et al. “Concentrating Solar Power.” Chemical Reviews 115.23 (2015): 12797–12838. As Published http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00397 Publisher American Chemical Society (ACS) Version Author's final manuscript Citable link http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/106513 Terms of Use Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. Concentrating Solar Power Lee A. Weinstein,1 James Loomis,1,2 Bikram Bhatia,1 David M. Bierman,1 Evelyn N. Wang,1 and Gang Chen*,1 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA. 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 3 1.1. CSP Configurations ...................................................................................................................... 6 1.2. Maximum efficiency of a CSP system ........................................................................................ 13 2. CONCENTRATOR/REFLECTOR .................................................................................................... 15 2.1. Concentrator characteristics .......................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Energy Sources in Turkey
    MSc Program Renewable Energy Systems Renewable Energy Sources in Turkey: Statues Quo and Future Prospects A Master's Thesis submitted for the degree of “Master of Science” supervised by Dl. Dr. Demet Suna Denis Üzelgecici, BSc 01028620 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Masterarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Vienna, 14.11.2019 Affidavit I, DENIS ÜZELGECICI, BSC, hereby declare 1. that I am the sole author of the present Master’s Thesis, "RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN TURKEY: STATUES QUO AND FUTURE PROSPECTS", 110 pages, bound, and that I have not used any source or tool other than those referenced or any other illicit aid or tool, and 2. that I have not prior to this date submitted the topic of this Master’s Thesis or parts of it in any form for assessment as an examination paper, either in Austria or abroad. Vienna, 14.11.2019 _______________________ Signature Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Masterarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Abstract As a country highly dependent on foreign fossil fuel sources, Turkey experiences many problems due to its increasing energy consumption in parallel with anincreasing population and rapid eco- nomic growth. Foreign fossil fuel dependency adversely affects the sustainable development of the country by hindering its economic development. Because of this, the renewable energy sources of the country should be evaluated and developed as soon as possible.
    [Show full text]
  • Renewable Energy Sources in Turkey for Climate Change Mitigation and Energy Sustainability
    Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 16 (2012) 5199–5206 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/rser Renewable energy sources in Turkey for climate change mitigation and energy sustainability S. Keles-, S. Bilgen n Department of Chemistry, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey article info abstract Article history: In Turkey, there is a much more potential for renewables, but represent about 37% of total energy Received 5 October 2011 production and 10% of total energy consumption. This share is not enough for the country and the Received in revised form governments should be increase to this situation. Renewable energy technologies of wind, biomass, 18 May 2012 hydropower, geothermal, solar thermal and photovoltaics are finally showing maturity and the Accepted 20 May 2012 ultimate promise of cost competitiveness. With respect to global environmental issues, Turkey’s Available online 27 June 2012 carbon dioxide emissions have grown along with its energy consumption. States have played a leading Keywords: role in protecting the environment by reducing emissions of greenhouse gases. In this regard, Energy issues renewable energy resources appear to be the one of the most efficient and effective solutions for Renewable energy clean and sustainable energy development in Turkey. Turkey’s geographical location has several Sustainable development advantages for extensive use of most of these renewable energy sources. Certain policy interventions Turkey could have a dramatic impact on shaping the relationship between geological, geographic and climatic conditions and energy production. This study shows that there is enough renewable energy potential in Turkey for fuels and electricity.
    [Show full text]
  • Yoğunlaştirilmiş Güneş Enerjisi (Csp) Uygulamalari Için
    ii YOĞUNLAŞTIRILMIŞ GÜNEŞ ENERJİSİ (CSP) UYGULAMALARI İÇİN BOR KATKILI ERİYİK TUZLARIN TERMAL ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ Fatih Selim BAYRAKTAR Kütahya Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Lisansüstü Eğitim Öğretim ve Sınav Yönetmeliği Uyarınca Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Makine Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalında YÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİ Olarak Hazırlanmıştır. Danışman: Prof. Dr. Ramazan KÖSE Ortak Danışman: Doç. Dr. Mükerrem ŞAHİN Ocak - 2020 iii KABUL VE ONAY SAYFASI iv ETİK İLKE VE KURALLARA UYGUNLUK BEYANI v YOĞUNLAŞTIRILMIŞ GÜNEŞ ENERJİSİ (CSP) UYGULAMALARI İÇİN BOR KATKILI ERİYİK TUZLARIN TERMAL ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ Fatih Selim BAYRAKTAR Makine Mühendisliği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, 2020 Tez Danışmanı: Prof. Dr. Ramazan KÖSE Ortak Danışman: Doç. Dr. Mükerrem ŞAHİN ÖZET Enerji talebindeki artış ve elektrik üretimi için kullanılan fosil yakıtların rezervlerinin azalması günümüzde enerji açısından en büyük endişe kaynağıdır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının kullanılması bu sorunların üstesinden gelmek için en iyi seçenek olarak kabul edilebilmektedir. Güneş enerjisi, elektrik ve ısı üretmek için en önemli yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından biridir. Elektrik üretimi, deniz suyunu tuzdan arındırma, iklimlendirme ve sıcak su temini için güneş enerjili termal sistemler kullanılmaktadır. Güneş enerjisi sistemlerinde ısı transfer sürecinin iyileştirilmesi en önemli konulardan biridir. Bu ise kompakt tasarımlı sistemlerin daha iyi performans gösterebilmesi için gelişmiş termo-fiziksel özelliklere sahip çalışma akışkanları tasarlanarak ve üretilerek başarılabilir. Yoğunlaştırılmış güneş enerjisi (CSP) sistemlerinde en çok kullanılan akışkanlardan biri olan solar tuzun termal özelliklerini geliştirmek için yapılan bu tezde katkı malzemesi olarak amorf B2O3, camsı B2O3 ve hegzagonal bor nitrür kullanılmıştır. Solar tuz referans olarak kullanılmış ve %0,5, %1 ve %2 oranlarında katkı malzemeleri ayrı ayrı konularak erime noktası, kütle kaybı ve ısı kapasitesi analizleri yapılmıştır. En umut verici değerlere %2 hegzagonal bor nitrür içeren numunede ulaşılmıştır.
    [Show full text]