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Ibm 2016-Buku Ajar-Cara Membuat Insektisida Bahan Nabati Pembuatan Insektisida Organik i Cara Membuat Insektisida Organik DR. H. Moch. Agus Krisno Budiyanto., M.Kes. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Press ii Cara Membuat Insektisida Organik Cara Membuat Insekitisida Organik Hak Cipta © Moch. Agus Krisno Budiyanto, 2016 Hak Terbit pada UMM Press Penerbitan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Jl. Raya Tlogomas No. 246 Malang 65144 Telepon (0341) 464318 Psw. 140 Fax. (0341) 460435 E-mail: [email protected] http://ummpress.umm.ac.id Anggota APPTI (Asosiasi Penerbit Perguruan Tinggi Indonesia) Cetakan Pertama, Juli 2016 ISBN : 978-979-796-184-8 ix; 130 hlm.; 16 x 23 cm Setting & Layout : Septian R. Design Cover : Andi Firmansah Hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang. Dilarang memperbanyak karya tulis ini dalam bentuk dan dengan cara apapun, termasuk fotokopi, tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit. Pengutipan harap menyebutkan sumbernya. Bahan Nabati Pembuatan Insektisida Organik iii Sanksi Pelanggaran pasal 72: Undang-undang No. 19 Tahun 2002, Tentang Hak Cipta: 1. Barang siapa dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak melakukan perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 2 ayat (1) atau Pasal 49 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) dipidana dengan pidana penjara masing-masing paling singkat 1 (satu) bulan dan/atau denda paling sedikit Rp. 1.000.000,00 (Satu Juta Rupiah), atau pidana penjara paling lama 7 (tujuh) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp. 5.000.000.000,00 (Lima Miliar Rupiah). 2. Barang siapa dengan sengaja menyiarkan, memamerkan, mengedarkan, atau menjual kepada umum suatu ciptaan atau barang hasil pelanggaran Hak Cipta atau Hak Terkait sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp. 500.000.000,00 (lima ratus juta rupiah). iv Cara Membuat Insektisida Organik Bahan Nabati Pembuatan Insektisida Organik v KATA PENGANTAR Puji syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah, SWT Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, karena atas bimbingan dan petunjuk-Nya, serta berkat rahmat, nikmat dan karunia-Nya sehingga buku ini dapat diterbitkan dengan baik. Buku menjelaskan berbagai cara pembuatan insektisida organik yang meliputi cara diperam dan tanpa pemeraman atau cara pemberian bahan penguat dan tanpa bahan penguat. Sebagian besar insektisida organik yang dipaparkan dalam buku ini telah terbukti efektif untuk membasmi sebagian besar insekta baik insekta subkelas Apterygota maupun subkelas Pterygota yang terbagi menjadi 11 Ordo yaitu: Ordo Isoptera atau Archiptera, Ordo Ortho- ptera, Ordo Hemiptera Ordo Homoptera, Ordo Odonata, Ordo Coleoptera, Ordo Neuroptera, Ordo Lepidoptera. Mudah-mudahan buku ini bermanfaat untuk kita semua, terutama untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kerampilan kita dalam pembuatan insektisida organik. Tidak lupa penulis ucapkan terimakasih yang sebesar-besarya dan penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya atas bantuan, support, dan kerjasama berbagai pihak, diantaranya adalah: v vi Cara Membuat Insektisida Organik 1. Direktorat Riset dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (DRPM), Direktorat Jenderal Penguatan Riset dan Pengembangan, Kementerian Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi yang telah memberikan Dana Hibah IbM (Ipteks bagi Masyarakat) Tahun Anggaran 2015/2016. 2. Astri Rizqi Amalia, Ardhia Pramesti Chandra D. C, Nur Laili Hidayanti, Fitri Dwi Rosalinda Santy, Dewi Fatmawati, Wardatul Maufiroh, Alif Aqufianisa I, Mareta Fitrianingsih, Lia Kurniasari, Hanifah, dan Mega Utami yang telah memberikan bantuan yang sangat banyak sehingga buku ini bisa terbit. 3. Mitra kerja IbM yaitu Kelompok Tani Sumber Urip-1 dan Kelompok Tani Sumber Urip-2 Wonorejo Poncokusumo Malang yang telah berdinamika dalam pembuatan insektisida organik. Semoga semua bantuan, support, dan kerjasama berbagai pihak tersebut di atas dicatat oleh Allah SWT sebagai amal sholeh, hijrah, jihad dan sedekah kita bersama dan mampu mendatangkan hidayah dan keberkahan dalam kehidupan kita, amin. Penulis menyadari buku kami masih jauh dari sempurna. Oleh karena itu, kritik dan saran membangun dari para pembaca kami harapkan demi sempurnanya buku yang kami susun. Malang, Juli 2016 PENULIS Bahan Nabati Pembuatan Insektisida Organik vii DAFTAR ISI Kata Pengantar ........................................................................... v Daftar Isi ..................................................................................... vii Bab I Bahan Nabati Pembuatan Insektisida Organik ........ 1 A. Umbi Tumbuhan Bahan Pembuatan Insektisida Organik ............................................................................. 1 1. Umbi Lapis Bawang Merah ...................................... 1 2. Umbi Lapis Bawang Putih ........................................ 4 3. Umbi Rimpang Jahe .................................................. 7 4. Umbi Rimpang Kunyit .............................................. 10 5. Umbi Rimpang Lengkuas ......................................... 13 B. Daun Tumbuhan Bahan Pembuatan Insektisida Organik ............................................................................. 15 1. Daun Bandotan ........................................................ 16 2. Daun Baru Cina ......................................................... 18 3. Daun Bayam Duri ...................................................... 20 4. Daun Bijanggut / Janggot ....................................... 22 5. Daun Cengkeh ........................................................... 25 6. Daun Iler ..................................................................... 26 vii viii Cara Membuat Insektisida Organik 7. Kelor (Moringa oleifera) .......................................... 28 8. Daun Kenikir .............................................................. 30 9. Daun Selasih ............................................................... 32 10. Daun Tembakau ......................................................... 35 11. Daun Wangi ............................................................... 38 C. Bunga Untuk Bahan Pembuatan Insektisida Organik ... 40 1. Bunga Ajeran ............................................................. 41 2. Bunga Piretrum .......................................................... 43 D. Buah Untuk Bahan Insektisida Organik ....................... 45 1. Buah Lerak ................................................................. 46 E. Biji ..................................................................................... 49 1. Biji Bengkuang .......................................................... 49 2. Biji Jengkol ................................................................. 51 3. Biji Mimba .................................................................. 55 4. Biji Mindi .................................................................... 58 5. Biji Srikaya .................................................................. 61 F. Akar Bahan Sebagai Insektisida Organik ..................... 64 1. Akar Tuba ................................................................... 64 Bab II Cara Pembuatan Inektisida Organik ........................... 67 A. Jenis Daun Tanaman ....................................................... 67 1. Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides Linn.) ................. 67 2. Daun Brotowali (Tinospora crispa L. Miers) .......... 68 3. Daun Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum L. Merr.) ..... 70 4. Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth.) ............... 71 5. Kemangi (Ocymum basilicum) ................................. 73 6. Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)........................ 74 7. Selasih (Ocimum basillicum)..................................... 75 8. Serai (Cymbopogon citratus) ................................... 77 9. Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata, Linn.) ................... 78 10. Srikaya (Annona squamosa) ..................................... 79 Bahan Nabati Pembuatan Insektisida OrganikDaftar Isi ix 11. Pacar cina ( Aglaia odorata Lour.) .......................... 80 12. Daun Pepaya (Carica Papaya L) ............................... 81 13. Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.)........................... 83 B. Biji ..................................................................................... 84 1. Ajeran (Bidens pilosa L.) .......................................... 84 2. Cabai (Capsicum annuum)........................................ 85 3. Duku (Lansium domesticum) .................................... 86 4. Jarak (Ricinus communis Linn.) ............................... 87 5. Buah Jengkol (Archidendron pauciflorum)............ 89 6. Biji Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni) JACQ ............... 90 7. Sekam Padi (Oryza sativa)........................................ 92 C. Umbi dan Bagian Lain .................................................... 94 1. Bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb.).............. 94 2. Bawang Merah (Allium cepa) .................................. 96 3. Bawang putih (Allium sativum L) ........................... 97 4. Umbi Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) ............. 98 5. Jahe (Zingiber officinale) ......................................... 100 Daftar Pustaka ............................................................................ 103 Indeks ......................................................................................... 111 Glosarium .................................................................................... 119 x Cara Membuat Insektisida Organik Bahan Nabati Pembuatan Insektisida Organik 1 Bab 1 BAHAN NABATI PEMBUATAN INSEKTISIDA ORGANIK K eampuhan insektisida kimia memang tidak diragukan lagi. Kemampuannya dalam mengendalikan hama dan penyakit dalam sekejap memang luar biasa sehingga banyak
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