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Role of Humic Acid Against Salt-Induced Cytotoxicity in Hordeum Vulgare L

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Role of Humic Acid Against Salt-Induced Cytotoxicity in Hordeum Vulgare L 0008-7114 2019 Vol. 72 – n. 3 72 – n. Vol. Caryologia 2019 International Journal of Cytology, Vol. 72 - n. 3 Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics Caryologia International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics International Journal of Cytology, FIRENZE PRESSUNIVERSITY Caryologia. International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics Caryologia is devoted to the publication of original papers, and occasionally of reviews, about plant, animal and human kar- yological, cytological, cytogenetic, embryological and ultrastructural studies. Articles about the structure, the organization and the biological events relating to DNA and chromatin organization in eukaryotic cells are considered. Caryologia has a strong tradition in plant and animal cytosystematics and in cytotoxicology. Bioinformatics articles may be considered, but only if they have an emphasis on the relationship between the nucleus and cytoplasm and/or the structural organization of the eukaryotic cell. Editor in Chief Associate Editors Alessio Papini Alfonso Carabez-Trejo - Mexico City, Mexico Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale Katsuhiko Kondo - Hagishi-Hiroshima, Japan Università degli Studi di Firenze Canio G. Vosa - Pisa, Italy Via La Pira, 4 – 0121 Firenze, Italy Subject Editors Mycology Plant Cytogenetics Histology and Cell Biology Renato Benesperi Lorenzo Peruzzi Alessio Papini Università di Firenze, Italy Università di Pisa Università di Firenze Human and Animal Cytogenetics Plant Karyology and Phylogeny Zoology Michael Schmid Andrea Coppi Mauro Mandrioli University of Würzburg, Germany Università di Firenze Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia Editorial Assistant Sara Falsini Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy Editorial Advisory Board G. Berta - Alessandria, Italy G. Delfino - Firenze, Italy M. Mandrioli - Modena, Italy D. Bizzaro - Ancona, Italy S. D'Emerico - Bari, Italy G. C. Manicardi - Modena, Italy A. Brito Da Cunha - Sao Paulo, Brazil F. Garbari - Pisa, Italy P. Marchi - Roma, Italy E. Capanna - Roma, Italy C. Giuliani - Milano, Italy M. Ruffini Castiglione - Pisa, Italy D. Cavalieri - San Michele all'Adige, Italy M. Guerra - Recife, Brazil L. Sanità di Toppi - Parma, Italy E. H. Y. Chu - Ann Arbor, USA W. Heneen - Svalöf, Sweden C. Steinlein - Würzburg, Germany R. Cremonini - Pisa, Italy L. Iannuzzi - Napoli, Italy J. Vallès - Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain M. Cresti - Siena, Italy J. Limon - Gdansk, Poland Q. Yang - Beijing, China G. Cristofolini - Bologna, Italy J. Liu - Lanzhou, China P. Cro sti - Milano, Italy N. Mandahl - Lund, Sweden Caryologia International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics Volume 72, Issue 3 - 2019 Firenze University Press Caryologia. International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics Published by Firenze University Press – University of Florence, Italy Via Cittadella, 7 - 50144 Florence - Italy http://www.fupress.com/caryologia Copyright © 2019 Authors. The authors retain all rights to the original work without any restrictions. Open Access. This issue is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY-4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give ap- propriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication (CC0 1.0) waiver applies to the data made available in this issue, unless otherwise stated. Firenze University Press Caryologia www.fupress.com/caryologia International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics Role of humic acid against salt-induced cytotoxicity in Hordeum vulgare L. Citation: S. Tabur, M.D. Yurtlu, S. Özmen (2019) Role of humic acid against salt-induced cytotoxicity in Hordeum vulgare L.. Caryologia 72(3): Selma Tabur*, Merve Dündar Yurtlu, Serkan Özmen 3-10. doi: 10.13128/cayologia-317 Süleyman Demirel University, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Department of Biology, 32260 Published: December 13, 2019 Isparta, Turkey *Corresponding authors: [email protected] Copyright: © 2019 S. Tabur, M.D. Yurtlu, S. Özmen. This is an open access, peer-reviewed article pub- Abstract. The effect of humic acid, which is an replace by a biostimulant on mitotic lished by Firenze University Press activity and chromosome behaviors in meristem cells of Hordeum vulgare L. germinat- (http://www.fupress.com/caryologia) ed under different salt concentrations were investigated. In the parallel to increasing and distributed under the terms of the salt concentrations, mitotic index partly decreased and observed the higher number of Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distri- chromosomal abnormalities as compared to control. Also, it was determined that the bution, and reproduction in any medi- mitotic index of seeds pretreated with only humic acid increased by 30% according to um, provided the original author and control and by 42% of mitotic aberrations. Whereas, humic acid along with salt signifi- source are credited. cantly inhibited to mitotic index with parallel to increasing salt concentrations. Moreo- ver, the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in seeds germinated in humic acid and Data Availability Statement: All rel- salty medium significantly decreased according to its own control. Humic acid revealed evant data are within the paper and its to a successful performance in ameliorating of the detrimental effect of salinity in the Supporting Information files. all concentrations studied. Humic acid application at 0.35 M salinity displayed perfect- Competing Interests: The Author(s) ly successful by reaching to the same abnormality percentage of control. declare(s) no conflict of interest. Keywords. Barley, chromosomal aberrations, cytotoxicity, humic acid, mitotic activity, salinity. INTRODUCTION It is a known fact to affect of abiotic stresses on plant growth and devel- opment. One of the most common environmental stress factors is salinity, which an increasing problem of many arid and semiarid areas of the World. Approximately 20% of the world’s cultivated land and accounts for over 6% of the world total area is threatened by salinity (FAO 2015). Abiotic stresses, such as drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, chemical toxicity and oxi- dative stress are serious threats to agriculture and the natural status of the environment. Increased salinization of all arable land is expected to have devastating global effects, resulting in 30% land loss within the next 25 years, and up to 50% by the year 2050 (Wang et al. 2003). It has been known for a long time that salt adversely affects plant growth and development, hindering seed germination, seedling growth (Çavuşoğlu and Ergin 2015), enzyme activity (Dash and Panda 2001), DNA, RNA and protein synthesis (Anuradha and Rao 2001) and mitosis (Tabur and Demir 2010 a, b; Çavuşoğlu et al. 2016). However, recent investigations are focus- Caryologia. International Journal of Cytology, Cytosystematics and Cytogenetics 72(3): 3-10, 2019 ISSN 0008-7114 (print) | ISSN 2165-5391 (online) | DOI: 10.13128/cayologia-317 4 Selma Tabur, Merve Dündar Yurtlu, Serkan Özmen ing more on the mechanisms of salt tolerance in plants protective role of against effects of mutagenic and geno- (Munns and Tester 2008).The most efficient way to mini- toxic of various environmental conditions and chemicals mize the detrimental effects of salinity on plant breed- (Gichner et al. 1990; Ferrara et al. 2000). In particular, ing is the development of varieties with high salin- no data have been recorded about effects of humic acid ity tolerance. Hence, researchers have used various on mitotic activity and chromosomal aberrations in plant growth regulators and leaf extracts to reduce or salinity conditions. eradicate negative effects of salinity on seed germina- In the study reported here, the influence of humic tion, seedling growth (Çavuşoğlu and Ergin 2015), and acid pretreatment on mitotic activity and chromosome mitotic activity (Tabur and Demir 2010 a, b; Çavuşoğlu behaviors in root meristems of barley seeds exposed to et al. 2016). However, in spite of substantial efforts, the salinity stress were investigated. So, we have aimed to outcome is still disappointingly poor due to the physi- clarify to some extent to what extent humic acid can ological and genetic complexity of this trait, the lack of alleviate salt stress, whether it stimulates cells to enter reliable screening tools, and most importantly, the lack the mitosis division or not and also whether it causes of a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms any changes in the structure and behavior of chromo- behind salinity tolerance (Zhu et al. 2016). The data somes or not. relating to mitotic activity are also mostly paradox. The main ingredient of organic substances in the MATERIAL AND METHODS soil is humus. The most active biochemical substance of humus is humic acid. Humic substances have been In the present study, barley seeds (Hordeum vulgare known that the germination and growth of plants L. cv. Bülbül 89) were used. The barley seeds were sub- has stimulated. Humic substances can pass through jected to surface sterilization before used. For this, seeds micropores of biological or artificial membrane systems, were kept in 1% sodium hypochlorite for ten minutes, facilitate the transport of trace elements in plant roots then washed with distilled water five times and dried on and behave like growth hormones
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