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International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol Available Online at http://www.recentscientific.com International Journal of Recent Scientific International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol. 5, Issue,10, pp.1788-1790, October, 2014 ISSN: 0976-3031 RESEARCH ARTICLE PHARMACOGNOSTIC, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF AMPELOCISSUS LATIFOLIA (ROXB.) PLANCH TUBEROUS ROOT 1K. B. Theng and 2A. N. Korpenwar 1 Department of Botany, Shri Shivaji Science and Arts College Chikhli, Dist- Buldana, M.S. India ARTICLE INFO2 ABSTRACT Rashtrapita Mahatma Gandhi Science and Arts college Nagbhid. Dist- Chandrapur, M. S. India Article History: The present study deals with pharmacognostic, phytochemical and physicochemical th analysis of Ampelocissus latifolia tuberous root. Phytochemical analysis of tuberous Received 12 , September, 2014 st root was carried out by using series of solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, Received in revised form 21 , September, 2014 ethanol and acetic acid by soxhlet extractor. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of Accepted 11th, October, 2014 th these plants confirm the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponin, tannin, Published online 28 , October, 2014 flavonoids, gums and mucilage in higher concentration followed by glycosides, proteins, phytosteroids and fixed oil and fats in lower concentration. During Key words: pharmacognostic study, microscopic characters of tuberous root were studied for Ampelocissus latifolia, jangli draksh, Wasali forest, identification of original drugs. Physicochemical parameters such as total ash, acid pharmacognosy. insoluble ash, water soluble ash, extractive value and moisture content were determined for identification of impurities in crude drugs. © Copy Right, IJRSR, 2014, Academic Journals. All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION with water to remove foreign organic matter; shade dried and then grinds into fine powdered by using mechanical grinder. Plants have been an important and most adequate source of medicine for thousands of years. Medicinal properties of plant Pharmacognostic studies: During pharmacognostic study, a can be significantly attributed to a variety of phytochemical free hand thin section of tuberous root was taken. After constituents synthesized in the different plant tissues (1). staining and mounting, permanent slide was observed under Generally crude drugs are obtained from the dried parts of microscope. Microphotograph of the section was made using (6) medicinal plants such as roots, bark, stem wood, leaves, digital camera . flowers, fruits, seeds and whole plants etc. Crude drugs are Extraction of plant drug: The grinded, fine powder of used as phytochemical for the construction of modern (2) tuberous root was subjected to extraction by using soxhlet allopathic medicines or herbal medicines . Phytochemical apparatus. Tuberous root powder was successively extracted analysis of a variety of plant is reported by many researchers (3, 4 & 5) with petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and acetic acid. Each time before extracting with next solvent, the powder Ampelocissus latifolia belongs to the family Vitaceae, an residue was dried properly. The percentage yield of different extensive climber with stem weak, woody, tendrils forked. extract and their colour were reported (table.1) Extract Leaves are broadly ovate in outline, 3-7 angled, deeply 3 obtained in each solvent was separately concentrated, (7, 8, lobed. Flowers are pentamerous, reddish brown in dense solidified and used for preliminary phytochemical analysis 9, 10 & 11) axillary cymes. Berries are globose or glabrous, 2-3 seeded . black colored. Seeds are ellipsoid, rounded in shape and Phytochemical evaluation: For preliminary phytochemical transversly grooved on back, smooth polished. evaluation each extract of tuberous root was subjected to Hence during present investigation, pharmacognostic various qualitative chemical tests and determine the presence evaluation, phytochemical and physicochemical analysis of of different phytoconstituents like alkaloids, carbohydrates ampelocissus latifolia (roxb.) planch tuberous root was carried and glycosides, saponins, proteins and amino acid, phenolic out. compound and tannins, flavonoids etc.(table. 2) (12, 13 & 14) MATERIALS AND METHODS Physicochemical analysis: Physicochemical analysis of powder was carried out by using Collection of plant material: The plant material of different parameters such as total ash value, acid insoluble ash, Ampelocissus latifolia was collected during September- water soluble ash, extractive value and moisture content. October 2013 from Wasali forest area of Buldana District, (Table.3) Maharashtra, India. Plant was identified by using various (15 & 16) floras. Herbarium specimen of the plant was deposited at Fluorescence analysis: Department of Botany, Shri Shivaji Science and Arts College Fluorescence analysis was carried off all extracts as well as Chikhli. Tuberous roots were collected, thoroughly washed powder by using different solvents and observed in visible * Corresponding author K. B. Theng Department of Botany, Shri Shivaji Science and Arts College Chikhli, Dist- Buldana, M.S. India International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, Vol. 5, Issue,10, pp.1788-1790, October, 2014 rays and UV rays (for both short & long wave length). cell layers having intercellular spaces. Acicular calcium (Table.4) oxalate and starch grain crystals scattered throughout the section. A single endodermis layer is distinguishable in young RESULT AND DISCUSSION root but it is indistinguishable during secondary growth. Pharmacognostic study Endodermis is followed by pericycle, where cambium originates during secondary growth. Pericyclic fibers are found along with phloem tissue in cortex region. Vascular tissue consists of phloem, cambium, xylem and medullary rays. Phloem occurs in groups alternating with primary xylem groups near the centre of axis. The secondary phloem consists of sieve tubes, companion cells and phloem parenchyma. The secondary xylem contains number of xylem vessels and xylem parenchyma. In primary xylem, protoxylem lies towards the periphery and metaxylem directed towards the centre. Fig.1: T. S. Ampelocissus latifolia tuberous root Table1 Successive solvent extract shows colour and yield percent of Ampelocissus latifolia root tuber Sr. No. Solvent extract Colour Yield percent 1 Petroleum ether Dark Yellow 4.10% 2 Chloroform Light yellow 7.50% 3 Ethanol Reddish 6.60% Fig 2 Successive extractive value of Ampelocissus latifolia tuberous 4 Acetic Acid Reddish 4.30% root. Table 2 phytochemical analysis of Ampelocissus latifolia tuberous root extracts Sr. No. Test For Phytochemical Test Pet. Ether extract Chloroform extract Ethanol extract Acetic acid extract I Alkaloids 1 Dragandorff’s Test + + - + 2 Hager’s Test + + - + 3 Mayer’s Test - + + - 4 Wagner’s Test - + + - II Carbohydrates 1 Fehling’s Test + + + - 2 Molisch’s Test - + + + 3 Benedicts Test + + + + III Glycosides 1 Borntrager’s Test - - + - 2 Legal’s Test - - + _ IV Saponin 1 Foam Test + + + + V Tannin 1 Ferric chloride Test + + + - 2 Lead acetate Test - + + + VI Proteins 1 Millon’s Test - __- + - 2 Biuret’s Test + + + - VII Amino Acid 1 Ninhydrin Test - - - - VIII Phytosteroids Lieberman- Burchards 1 + + + - Test 2 Salkowski Test + + - - IX Flavonoids 1 Alkaline reagent test + + + + X Gums and Mucilage 1 Alcohol test + + + - XI Fixed oil and Fats 1 Soap test - - + - Where, + = present and - = absent Where, A: Epiblema, B: Cortex, C: phloem, D: Cambium, E: Table 3 Physicochemical analysis of tuberous root Secondary xylem, F: Primary xylem, G: Pith, H: Medullary powdered of Ampelocissus latifolia Ray. Sr. No. Physicochemical parameters Values (in %w/w) 1 Total ash value 11.33% The transverse section of Ampelocissus latifolia tuberous root 2 Water soluble ash value 3.66% is circular in outline. Outer epiblema layer consist of 3 Acid insoluble ash value 9.73% 4 Moisture content 10.3% compactly arranged parenchymatous dark colored cells. Next 5 Alcohol soluble extractive value 3.82% to epiblema is the cortex containing 10-14 parenchymatous 6 Water soluble extractive value 7. 25% 1789 | P a g e International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, Vol. 5, Issue,10, pp.1788-1790, October, 2014 Table 4 Fluorescence analysis of different extracts and powder of Ampelocissus latifolia tuberous root U.V. light Sr. No. Extract/ Powder Visible light Short wave ( 254nm) Long wave(366nm) 1 Pet. ether extract Dark Yellow Green Light black 2 Chloroform extract Light yellow Light yellow Light black 3 Ethanol extract Reddish Light brown Blackish brown 4 Acetic acid extract Reddish Greenish brown Black brown 5 Powder as such Yellow green Light green Blackish brown 6 Powder + D. water Reddish Reddish Blackish red 7 Powder + Conc.HCL Light orange Dark pink Light black 8 Powder+ Conc.H2SO4 Blue Greenish blue Reddish black 9 Powder + Methanol Brown Light brown Blackish brown 10 Powder + Fecl3 Reddish brown Greenish brown Black 11 Powder + Picric acid Reddish brown Greenish yellow Light black 12 Powder + NaOH Reddish Light brown Blackish red Opposite to protoxylem, a parenchymatous cell forms the Delhi. multilayered and radially arranged medullary rays. Scanty pith 2. Arunkumar, S. S. and M. Muthuselvam (2009). Analysis is located in the centre. of Phytochemical Constituents and Antimicrobial Activities of Aloe vera L. against Clinical Pathogens. During phytochemical analysis chloroform showed higher World Journal Of Agricultural Sciences, 5 (5): pp.572- percentage yield (7.5%) than ethanol (6.6%),
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