Geologic Studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1998
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Geologic Studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1998 U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1615 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Cover. Photograph of the Fortymile River in east-central Alaska cutting through sulfide- bearing siliciclastic metasedimentary rocks of the Taylor Mountain assemblage (see article by Day and others, this volume). These rocks are fine grained, light gray, and weather to a characteristic rusty brown as a result of oxidation of contained sulfide minerals. The degree to which river- and stream-water chemistry is affected by this and other rock-unit outcrops is being investigated. This work is important to understanding the relative contribution of natural trace-metal sources versus mining-related sources. Geologic Studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1998 Edited by Karen D. Kelley and Larry P. Gough U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1615 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Bruce Babbitt, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Charles G. Groat, Director First printing July 2000 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 This publication is also available online at: http://greenwood.cr.usgs.gov/pub/ppapers/p1615/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Contents Introduction By Karen D. Kelley and Larry P. Gough............................................................................................ 1 GEOLOGIC FRAMEWORK New geochronological evidence for the timing of early Tertiary ridge subduction in southern Alaska By Dwight C. Bradley, Randall Parrish, William Clendenen, Daniel Lux, Paul W. Layer, Matthew Heizler, and D. Thomas Donley................................................................................... 5 Mount Mageik: A compound stratovolcano in Katmai National Park By Wes Hildreth, Judy Fierstein, Marvin A. Lanphere, and David F. Siems ............................... 23 Paleozoic strata of the Dyckman Mountain area, northeastern Medfra quadrangle, Alaska By Julie A. Dumoulin, Dwight C. Bradley, and Anita G. Harris.................................................... 43 Reconnaissance bedrock geology of the southeastern part of the Kenai quadrangle, Alaska By Dwight C. Bradley and Frederic H. Wilson............................................................................... 59 Geologic setting of the Fortymile River area—Polyphase deformational history within part of the eastern Yukon-Tanana uplands of Alaska By Warren C. Day, Bruce M. Gamble, Mitchell W. Henning, and Bruce D. Smith...................... 65 Stratigraphic variation in petrographic composition of Nanushuk Group sandstones at Slope Mountain, North Slope, Alaska By Mark J. Johnsson and Nikolas K. Sokol................................................................................... 83 ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE Regional baseline geochemistry and environmental effects of gold placer mining operations on the Fortymile River, eastern Alaska By Richard B. Wanty, Bronwen Wang, Jim Vohden, Paul H. Briggs, and Allen L. Meier ................................................................................................................... 101 Bedrock assemblages of the Bering Strait region: Implications for offshore metal sources in the marine environment By Travis L. Hudson and R.W. Saltus........................................................................................... 111 III An evaluation of methods for identifying and interpreting buried soils in late Quaternary loess in Alaska By Daniel R. Muhs, Thomas A. Ager, Josh M. Been, Joseph G. Rosenbaum, and Richard L. Reynolds ................................................................................................................127 Postglacial vegetation history of the Kachemak Bay area, Cook Inlet, south-central Alaska By Thomas A. Ager ......................................................................................................................147 The chemical characteristics of ground water near Fairbanks, Alaska By G. Lang Farmer, Richard J. Goldfarb, Michael R. Lilly, Bob Bolton, Allen L. Meier, and Richard F. Sanzolone ..............................................................................167 RESOURCES Isotopic ages from intrusive rocks near the Stuyahok gold placer deposits, south-central Holy Cross quadrangle, Alaska By Marti L. Miller, Robert D. Tucker, Paul W. Layer, and Thomas K. Bundtzen....................... 179 Sulfur-, oxygen-, and carbon-isotope studies of Ag-Pb-Zn vein-breccia occurrences, sulfide-bearing concretions, and barite deposits in the north-central Brooks Range, with comparisons to shale-hosted stratiform massive sulfide deposits By Karen D. Kelley, David L. Leach, and Craig A. Johnson ...................................................... 189 Geology and geochemistry of Zn-Pb-Ag vein-breccias at Whoopee Creek, Alaska By Jeanine M. Schmidt ................................................................................................................203 BIBLIOGRAPHIES U.S. Geological Survey reports on Alaska released in 1998 Compiled by John P. Galloway and Susan Toussaint ...............................................................221 Reports on Alaska in non-USGS publications released in 1998 that include USGS authors Compiled by John P. Galloway and Susan Toussaint ...............................................................223 IV Contributors to this Professional Paper Anchorage Vohden, Jim Alaska Department of Natural Resources Bradley, Dwight C. 3700 Airport Way Dumoulin, Julie A. Fairbanks, AK 99709 Gamble, Bruce M. Bundtzen, Thomas K. Gough, Larry P. Pacific Rim Geological Consulting Miller, Marti L. P.O. Box 81906 Schmidt, Jeanine M. Fairbanks, AK 99708 Wilson, Frederic H. U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park 4200 University Drive Anchorage, AK 99508 Fierstein, Judy, Mail Stop 910 Wang, Bronwen Galloway, John P., Mail Stop 904 Hildreth, Wes, Mail Stop 910 U.S. Geological Survey Lanphere, Marvin A., Mail Stop 937 4230 University Drive Anchorage, AK 99508 Toussaint, Susan, Mail Stop 955 U.S. Geological Survey Henning, Mitchell W. 345 Middlefield Road, Mail Stop ____ Alaska Department of Natural Resources Menlo Park, CA 94025 Anchorage, AK 99503-5948 Reston Denver Harris, Anita G., Mail Stop 926A Ager, Thomas A., Mail Stop 980 U.S. Geological Survey Been, Josh M., Mail Stop 980 National Center, Mail Stop ____ Briggs, Paul H., Mail Stop 973 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Day, Warren C., Mail Stop 973 Reston, VA 20192 Goldfarb, Richard J., Mail Stop 964 Johnson, Craig A., Mail Stop 963 Others Kelley, Karen D., Mail Stop 964 Leach, David L., Mail Stop 973 Johnsson, Mark J. Meier, Allen L., Mail Stop 973 Muhs, Daniel R., Mail Stop 980 California Coastal Commission Reynolds, Richard L., Mail Stop 980 45 Fremont St., Suite 2000 Rosenbaum, Joseph G., Mail Stop 980 San Francisco, CA 94105-2219 Saltus, R.W., Mail Stop 964 Sokol, Nikolas K. Sanzolone, Richard F., Mail Stop 973 857 Penn St. Siems, David F., Mail Stop 973 Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 Smith, Bruce D., Mail Stop 973 Wanty, Richard B., Mail Stop 973 Parrish, Randall U.S. Geological Survey British Geological Survey P.O. Box 25046, Mail Stop ____ Keyworth, Notts, U.K. Denver Federal Center Clendenen, William Denver, CO 80225 Brown University Fairbanks Providence, RI currently at Exxon Production Research Bolton, Bob Houston, TX Layer, Paul W. Lilly, Michael R. Lux, Daniel University of Alaska, Fairbanks University of Maine Fairbanks, AK 99775 Orono, ME V Others (continued) Hudson, Travis L. Applied Geology 1432 Fox Hollow Road Heizler, Matthew Sequim, WA 98382 New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology Farmer, G. Lang Socorro, NM Department of Geological Sciences and CIRIES Donley, D. Thomas Campus Box 399, University of Colorado Department of Geology Boulder, CO 80309-0216 Boston University Tucker, Robert D. Boston, MA 02215 and Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences U.S. Geological Survey Washington University Anchorage, AK 99508 St. Louis, MO 63130-4899 VI Geologic Studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1998 Edited by Karen D. Kelley and Larry P. Gough Introduction By Karen D. Kelley and Larry P. Gough The 14 papers that follow continue the series1 of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reports on investigations in the geologic sciences in Alaska. The series presents new and sometimes preliminary findings that are of interest to earth scientists in academia, govern- ment, and industry; to land and resource managers; and to the general public. Reports pre- sented in Geologic Studies in Alaska cover a broad spectrum of topics from all parts of the State (fig. 1), which serves to emphasize the diversity of USGS efforts to meet the Nation’s needs for earth-science information in Alaska. The papers in this volume are organized under the topics Geologic Framework, Environment and Climate, and Resources. Such an organization is intended to reflect the scope and objectives of USGS programs currently active in Alaska. Geologic framework studies provide background information that is the scientific basis for present and future studies of the environment, mineral and energy resources, paleoclimate, and hazards in Alaska. One paper presents ages of numerous igneous intrusive rocks in southern Alaska (Bradley and others). The authors demonstrate a systematic, along-strike diachronous age trend of near-trench magmatism