Bedrock Geology of the Southern Half of the TODD A. THOMPSON, STATE GEOLOGIST Knox 30- X 60-Minute Quadrangle, Indiana By Patrick I. McLaughlin, Alyssa M. Bancroft, and Matthew R. Johnson Bloomington, Indiana 2021

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INTRODUCTION SCALE: 1:100,000 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DISCLAIMER The Knox 1:100,000-scale quadrangle is located in the northwestern portion of Indiana (see index map) where bedrock units that dip northward at an This geologic map was funded in part through the STATEMAP Program supported by the U.S. Geological Survey average of 8 ft per mile over the Kankakee Arch are buried by up to 400 ft of glacially derived sediments. High-purity carbonate from reefs in KILOMETERS under Cooperative Agreement No. G19AC00155. The cooperative agreement requires the following statements: the Liston Creek Member of the Wabash Formation provide raw materials for construction and manufacturing just south of the map area. The Traverse MN 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 “this map and explanatory information is submitted for publication with the understanding that the United States Creative Commons license Attribution-NonCommercial Formation, Detroit River Formation, and Liston Creek Limestone Member of the Wabash Formation, present at the bedrock surface in the southern half GN Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for governmental use,” and “the views and conclusions 4°45´ 4.0 International of the map area, compose the upper portion of the - bedrock aquifer. Beyond standard documentation of general lithologies and 84 MILS 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 INDIANA contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the 0°20´ textures from archived cores in the map area, the composition of these units was also quantified using a portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer. Correlations 6 MILS official policies, either expressed or implied, of the U.S. Government.” of map units between these cores was further informed by a combination of conodont biostratigraphy and carbon isotope chemostratigraphy. MILES This map was compiled by Indiana University, Indiana Geological and Water Survey, using data believed to be accurate; however, a degree of error is UTM GRID AND 2020 MAGNETIC NORTH 5,000 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000 DECLINATION AT CENTER OF SHEET inherent in all data. This product is distributed “AS-IS” without warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to warranties of suitability to a particular purpose or use. No attempt has been made in either the design or production of these data to define the limits or REFERENCES US FEET jurisdiction of any federal, state, or local government. These data are intended for use only at the published scale or smaller and are for reference purposes LOCATION OF THE only. They are not to be construed as a legal document or survey instrument. A detailed on-the-ground survey and historical analysis of a single site may Indiana Geological Survey (IGS), 2013a, BEDROCK_SURFACE_250K_IGS_IN.SHP--Bedrock surface contours of Indiana: 1:250,000, line shapefile. SOUTHERN HALF OF THE differ from these data. KNOX 30- X 60-MINUTE Indiana Geological Survey (IGS), 2013b, Petroleum Database Management System [Microsoft SQL server database]. QUADRANGLE LIMITATION OF WARRANTIES AND LIABILITY: Except for the expressed warranty above, the product is provided “AS-IS”, without any other warranties or conditions, expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, warranties for product quality, or suitability to a particular purpose or use. The risk or liability resulting from the use of this product is assumed by the user. Indiana University, Indiana Geological and Water Survey shares no liability with product uses indirect, incidental, special, or consequential damages whatsoever, including, but not limited to, loss of revenue or profit, lost DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS or damaged data or other commercial or economic loss. Indiana University, Indiana Geological and Water Survey is not responsible for claims by a third UNCONSOLIDATED SEDIMENT THICKNESS party. The maximum aggregate liability to the original purchaser shall not exceed the amount paid by you for the product. Contact—Identity and existence certain, location concealed. Devonian Inferred bedrock surface contour MAP INFORMATION Da Antrim Formation Index (interval 100 ft, modified from contours in IGS, 2013a) 400 ft Dark-gray to dark-brown shale with occasional carbonate and pyrite laminae. Ranges from 0 to 70 ft. in age. Digital cartography and GeMS database compilation by Matthew R. Johnson. Intermediate (interval 40 ft, modified from contours in IGS, 2013a) Transportation network from OpenStreetMap.org (© OpenStreetMap contributors). Horizontal to vertical spectral ratio seismic data Dt A variety of light-gray, bluish-gray, and brownish-gray skeletal limestone with grainstone to mudstone textures. Some intervals highly Used for bedrock surface interpretation fossiliferous, notably containing corals and stromatoporoids. Also contains minor intervals of dolomitized limestone and thin shales. Ranges Hydrography from U.S. Geological Survey National Hydrography Dataset (local resolution). from 0 to 80 ft. in age. Abnormal results, rejected Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM), Zone 16N. Bedrock stratigraphy data point (with IGWS Petroleum Database Management System ID) Detroit River Formation Ddr Horizontal Datum: North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). Brownish-gray to light-gray skeletal limestone and dolostone with mudstone to packstone textures. Ranges from 0 to 40 ft. to Drill core in age. Geophysical log Suggested citation: McLaughlin, P. I., Bancroft, A. M., and Johnson, M. R., 2021, Bedrock geology of the southern half of the Knox 30- x 60-minute Drill cuttings quadrangle, Indiana: Indiana Geological and Water Survey, Indiana Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 3, scale, 1:100,000. doi: 10.14434/ijes.v3i1.31637 Silurian 5 ft Additional bedrock data points McLaughlin, P. I., Bancroft, A. M., and Johnson, M. R., 2021, Bedrock geologic map of the southern half of the Knox 30- X 60-minute quadrangle, Swlc Liston Creek Limestone Member of the Wabash Formation Archived data point Indiana [data set]: Indiana Geological and Water Survey, Indiana University - DataCORE. doi: 10.5967/rrx1-y371 Light- to dark-gray, fine- to coarse-grained limestone and dolostone (mudstone to grainstone textures), often cherty, typically 20 to 120 ft. Used for interpretation of bedrock surface. These data include reefs in the subsurface locally can be up to 200 ft thick, primarily originating near the base of the unit. in age. gamma logs, petroleum wells (IGS, 2013b), seismic refraction wells, and water wells.

Indiana Geological and Water Survey | An institute of the Office of the Vice Provost for Research Indiana Journal of Earth Sciences 1001 E 10th St, Bloomington , IN 47405-1405 | 812.855.7636 | [email protected] | igws.indiana.edu DOI: 10.14434/ijes.v3i1.31637