Joshua 5:13-6:27 INTRODUCTION: Jericho Was a City Near the Dead Sea and the Jordan River
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Why the Walls of Jericho Came Tumbling Down
WHY THE WALLS OF JERICHO CAME TUMBLING DOWN SHUBERT SPERO What follows is an attempt to give a rational explanation for the fall of the walls of Jericho following the siege of the city by the Israelite forces led by 1 Joshua. The theory I wish to propose is designed not to replace the textual account but to complement it. That is, to suggest a reality that does not contradict the official version but which may have been behind it and for whose actual occurrence several hints may be found in the text. The fall of the walls of Jericho was indeed a wondrous event and the text properly sees God as the agent in the sense that it was He who inspired Joshua to come up 2 with his ingenious plan. Our theory suggests a connection between the two outstanding features of the story: (1) The adventure of the two Israelite spies in the house of Rahab the inn-keeper, before the Israelites crossed the Jordan, and (2) the mystify- ing circling of the city by the priestly procession for the seven days preceding the tumbling down of the walls. Let us first review the salient facts involved in the incident of the spies. We are told that Rahab's dwelling was part of the city wall and that in the wall she dwelt (Josh. 2:15) with a window that looked out on the area outside the city. The spies avoid capture by the Canaanite authorities through the efforts of Rahab and, in gratitude, they promise the woman that she and her family will not be harmed during the impending attack, and instruct her to gather them all into her house and hang scarlet threads in the window. -
The Word and Words in the Abrahamic Faiths
Messiah University Mosaic Bible & Religion Educator Scholarship Biblical and Religious Studies 1-1-2011 The Word and Words in the Abrahamic Faiths Larry Poston Messiah College, [email protected] Linda Poston Messiah College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://mosaic.messiah.edu/brs_ed Part of the Library and Information Science Commons, and the Religion Commons Permanent URL: https://mosaic.messiah.edu/brs_ed/6 Recommended Citation Poston, Larry and Poston, Linda, "The Word and Words in the Abrahamic Faiths" (2011). Bible & Religion Educator Scholarship. 6. https://mosaic.messiah.edu/brs_ed/6 Sharpening Intellect | Deepening Christian Faith | Inspiring Action Messiah University is a Christian university of the liberal and applied arts and sciences. Our mission is to educate men and women toward maturity of intellect, character and Christian faith in preparation for lives of service, leadership and reconciliation in church and society. www.Messiah.edu One University Ave. | Mechanicsburg PA 17055 Running head: THE WORDPoston AND and WORDS Poston: The Word and Words in Abrahamic Faiths “The Word and Words in the Abrahamic Faiths” Linda and Larry Poston Nyack College Published by Digital Commons @ Kent State University Libraries, 2011 1 Advances in the Study of Information and Religion, Vol. 1 [2011], Art. 2 THE WORD AND WORDS Abstract Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are “word-based” faiths. All three are derived from texts believed to be revealed by God Himself. Orthodox Judaism claims that God has said everything that needs to be said to humankind—all that remains is to interpret it generation by generation. Historic Christianity roots itself in “God-breathed scriptures” that are “useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness.” Islam’s Qur’an is held to be a perfect reflection of the ‘Umm al-Kitab – the “mother of Books” that exists with Allah Himself. -
The Bible, the Qur'an and Science
مكتبةمكتبة مشكاةمشكاة السإلميةالسإلمية The Bible, The Qur'an and Science The Holy Scriptures Examined In The Light Of Modern Knowledge by Dr. Maurice Bucaille Translated from French by Alastair D. Pannell and The Author مكتبةمكتبة مشكاةمشكاة السإلميةالسإلمية Table of Contents Foreword.........................................................................................3 Introduction......................................................................................3 The Old Testament..........................................................................9 The Books of the Old Testament...................................................13 The Old Testament and Science Findings....................................23 Position Of Christian Authors With Regard To Scientific Error In The Biblical Texts...........................................................................33 Conclusions...................................................................................37 The Gospels..................................................................................38 Historical Reminder Judeo-Christian and Saint Paul....................41 The Four Gospels. Sources and History.......................................44 The Gospels and Modern Science. The General Genealogies of Jesus.........................................................................................62 Contradictions and Improbabilities in the Descriptions.................72 Conclusions...................................................................................80 -
Fisher, Memories of The
Memories of the Ark: Texts, Objects, and the Construction of the Biblical Past By Daniel Shalom Fisher A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern Studies in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Ronald Hendel, Chair Professor Robert Alter Professor Benjamin Porter Professor Daniel Boyarin Professor Ann Swidler Summer 2018 Copyright © 2018 by Daniel Shalom Fisher, All Rights Reserved. 1 Abstract Memories of the Ark: Texts, Objects, and the Construction of the Biblical Past by Daniel Shalom Fisher Doctor of Philosophy in Near Eastern Studies University of California, Berkeley Professor Ronald Hendel, Chair This dissertation constructs a cultural biography of the Ark of the Covenant, exploring through it the close, but often complicated, relationships that have existed between objects and collective memory in Biblical and ancient Jewish societies. The project considers the different ways in which Biblical writers and interpreters have remembered the Ark as a “real thing,” forming it, mobilizing it, and making meaning with it—largely in its absence after its likely loss in the 6th century BCE. From Exodus to Chronicles and in works of biblical interpretation through the Mishnah, this project explores how these writers reimagine the Ark to craft visions for their people’s future through their people’s past. The project is structured around five interrelated case studies from the Ark’s mnemohistory, considering different dimensions of cultural memory’s entanglement in material culture. Each case study draws upon and enriches text-, source-, and redaction-critical approaches, investigating the growth and reshaping of biblical writings as creative memory work. -
Palestine - Walking Through History
Palestine - Walking through History April 04 - 08, 2019 Cultural Touring | Hiking | Cycling | Jeep touring Masar Ibrahim Al-Khalil is Palestine’s long distance cultural walking route. Extending 330 km from the village of Rummana in the northwest of Jenin to Beit Mirsim southwest of Al-Haram al-Ibrahimi (Ibrahimi Mosque) in Hebron. The route passes through more than fifty cities and villages where travelers can experience the legendary Palestinian hospitality. Beginning with a tour of the major sites in Jerusalem, we are immediately immersed in the complex history of the region. Over the five days, we experience sections of this route, hiking and biking from the green hills of the northern West Bank passing through the desert south of Jericho to Bethlehem. Actively traveling through the varied landscapes, biodiverse areas, archaeological remains, religious sites, and modern day lively villages, we experience rich Palestinian culture and heritage. Palestinians, like their neighboring Arabs, are known for their welcoming warmth and friendliness, important values associated with Abraham (Ibrahim). There is plenty of opportunity to have valuable encounters with local communities who share the generosity of their ancestors along the way, often over a meal of delicious Palestinian cuisine. The food boasts a range of vibrant and flavorsome dishes, sharing culinary traits with Middle Eastern and East Mediterranean regions. Highlights: ● Experience Palestine from a different perspective – insights that go beyond the usual headlines ● Hike and bike through beautiful landscapes ● Witness history in Jerusalem, Sebastiya, Jericho, Bethlehem ● Map of the route ITINERARY Day 1 – 04 April 2019 - Thursday : Our trip begins today with a 8:00am pick-up at the hotel in Aqaba, the location on AdventureNEXT Near East. -
Muslim Women's Pilgrimage to Mecca and Beyond
Muslim Women’s Pilgrimage to Mecca and Beyond This book investigates female Muslims pilgrimage practices and how these relate to women’s mobility, social relations, identities, and the power struc- tures that shape women’s lives. Bringing together scholars from different disciplines and regional expertise, it offers in-depth investigation of the gendered dimensions of Muslim pilgrimage and the life-worlds of female pilgrims. With a variety of case studies, the contributors explore the expe- riences of female pilgrims to Mecca and other pilgrimage sites, and how these are embedded in historical and current contexts of globalisation and transnational mobility. This volume will be relevant to a broad audience of researchers across pilgrimage, gender, religious, and Islamic studies. Marjo Buitelaar is an anthropologist and Professor of Contemporary Islam at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands. She is programme-leader of the research project ‘Modern Articulations of Pilgrimage to Mecca’, funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). Manja Stephan-Emmrich is Professor of Transregional Central Asian Stud- ies, with a special focus on Islam and migration, at the Institute for Asian and African Studies at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany, and a socio-cultural anthropologist. She is a Principal Investigator at the Berlin Graduate School Muslim Cultures and Societies (BGSMCS) and co-leader of the research project ‘Women’s Pathways to Professionalization in Mus- lim Asia. Reconfiguring religious knowledge, gender, and connectivity’, which is part of the Shaping Asia network initiative (2020–2023, funded by the German Research Foundation, DFG). Viola Thimm is Professorial Candidate (Habilitandin) at the Institute of Anthropology, University of Heidelberg, Germany. -
Three Conquests of Canaan
ÅA Wars in the Middle East are almost an every day part of Eero Junkkaala:of Three Canaan Conquests our lives, and undeniably the history of war in this area is very long indeed. This study examines three such wars, all of which were directed against the Land of Canaan. Two campaigns were conducted by Egyptian Pharaohs and one by the Israelites. The question considered being Eero Junkkaala whether or not these wars really took place. This study gives one methodological viewpoint to answer this ques- tion. The author studies the archaeology of all the geo- Three Conquests of Canaan graphical sites mentioned in the lists of Thutmosis III and A Comparative Study of Two Egyptian Military Campaigns and Shishak and compares them with the cities mentioned in Joshua 10-12 in the Light of Recent Archaeological Evidence the Conquest stories in the Book of Joshua. Altogether 116 sites were studied, and the com- parison between the texts and the archaeological results offered a possibility of establishing whether the cities mentioned, in the sources in question, were inhabited, and, furthermore, might have been destroyed during the time of the Pharaohs and the biblical settlement pe- riod. Despite the nature of the two written sources being so very different it was possible to make a comparative study. This study gives a fresh view on the fierce discus- sion concerning the emergence of the Israelites. It also challenges both Egyptological and biblical studies to use the written texts and the archaeological material togeth- er so that they are not so separated from each other, as is often the case. -
Exodus 20: 1-17 March 7, 2021 – Lent 3 Stacy Carlson Mystery And
Exodus 20: 1-17 March 7, 2021 – Lent 3 Stacy Carlson Mystery and Meaning in Stone Good morning everyone. No matter what tradition we come from, most of us probably know this passage from Exodus, at least as the headline we call the Ten Commandments. These are ten rules or laws for how we should behave. They seem especially important during Lent, don't they? Yes, but perhaps not in the way we might think, because when a story is familiar, sometimes it doesn’t seem as meaningful the second and third time around as it was the first. We think we have learned all there is to know. So it might be with the Ten Commandments. But today, let’s try to look at them differently. One way is to think more about the stone tablets. Were they gray? Brown? Were they red clay? How much did they weigh? Did God chisel them letter by letter, or in a big flash all at once? Do we know if the commandments were divided equally – five and five -- between the tablets? And don't we wonder what the Israelites thought when Moses came down carrying stone tablets from a mountain shrouded in clouds, but also bursting with thunder and fire? Even if we knew the answers to all those questions, what new lesson can we learn today? I believe there is still mystery and meaning in these two stone tablets. What if we imagine the world after the pandemic? Imagine we're gathered outside a Metro station in DC. Let's say Dupont Circle. -
Al-Aqsa Arabic, Literally
al-Aqsa Arabic, literally “the more remote,” but re- GLOSSARY ferring to the entire Muslim religious complex en- compassing the Dome of the Rock and the Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem Ateret Cohanim Hebrew, literally “the Priestly crown,” the name of a religious nationalist organization whose purpose is to settle Jews in East Jerusalem and the Muslim quarters of the Old City bayan Arabic, “proclamations, reports,” but also meaning “patency, obviousness” al-Buraq Arabic, also al-Buraq al-Sharif, or “noble Bu- raq.” The name of Muhammad’s steed, it is by tra- dition also the name given by Muslims to the site Jews commonly refer to as the Western, or Wailing Wall in Jerusalem. Muslim tradition holds that it is at this site that Muhammad tethered Buraq on his night journey, known as the Isra to the Aqsa. Hakeren Lemorshet Hakotel Hama’aravi Hebrew, for the Western Wall Heritage Foundation al-Haram al-Sharif Arabic, literally “the noble enclosure or compound,” the term refers to the same compound as the Aqsa, i.e., the Muslim Sanctuary contained of the original Herodian walls once bounding the Hebrew Temple in Jerusalem. In its center stands the Dome of the Rock Jamiyyat Hirasat al-Masjid al-Aqsa wal-Amakin al-Islamiyya al-Muqaddasa bil Quds Arabic, for the Society for the Protection of the Aqsa Mosque and the Islamic Holy Places in Jerusalem Lajnat al-Difaan al-Buraq al-Sharif Arabic, for Defense Committee for the Buraq al-Sharif, variously translated by the Shaw Commission as the Defense Com- mittee for the Noble Buraq al-Majlis al-Shari al-Islami -
Exodus 202 1 Edition Dr
Notes on Exodus 202 1 Edition Dr. Thomas L. Constable TITLE The Hebrew title of this book (we'elleh shemot) originated from the ancient practice of naming a Bible book after its first word or words. "Now these are the names of" is the translation of the first two Hebrew words. "The Hebrew title of the Book of Exodus, therefore, was to remind us that Exodus is the sequel to Genesis and that one of its purposes is to continue the history of God's people as well as elaborate further on the great themes so nobly introduced in Genesis."1 Exodus cannot stand alone, in the sense that the book would not make much sense without Genesis. The very first word of the book, translated "now," is a conjunction that means "and." The English title "Exodus" is a transliteration of the Greek word exodus, from the Septuagint translation, meaning "exit," "way out," or "departure." The Septuagint translators gave the book this title because of the major event in it, namely, the Israelites' departure from Egypt. "The exodus is the most significant historical and theological event of the Old Testament …"2 DATE AND WRITER Moses, who lived from about 1525 to 1405 B.C., wrote Exodus (17:14; 24:4; 34:4, 27-29). He could have written it, under the inspiration of the 1Ronald Youngblood, Exodus, pp. 9-10. 2Eugene H. Merrill, Kingdom of Priests, p. 57. Copyright Ó 2021 by Thomas L. Constable www.soniclight.com 2 Dr. Constable's Notes on Exodus 2021 Edition Holy Spirit, any time after the events recorded (after about 1444 B.C.). -
Why Did Moses Break the Tablets (Ekev)
Thu 6 Aug 2020 / 16 Av 5780 B”H Dr Maurice M. Mizrahi Congregation Adat Reyim Torah discussion on Ekev Why Did Moses Break the Tablets? Introduction In this week's portion, Ekev, Moses recounts to the Israelites how he broke the first set of tablets of the Law once he saw that they had engaged in idolatry by building and worshiping a golden calf: And I saw, and behold, you had sinned against the Lord, your God. You had made yourselves a molten calf. You had deviated quickly from the way which the Lord had commanded you. So I gripped the two tablets, flung them away with both my hands, and smashed them before your eyes. [Deut. 9:16-17] This parallels the account in Exodus: As soon as Moses came near the camp and saw the calf and the dancing, he became enraged; and he hurled the tablets from his hands and shattered them at the foot of the mountain. [Exodus 32:19] Why did he do that? What purpose did it accomplish? -Wasn’t it an affront to God, since the tablets were holy? -Didn't it shatter the authority of the very commandments that told the Israelites not to worship idols? -Was it just a spontaneous reaction, a public display of anger, a temper tantrum? Did Moses just forget himself? -Why didn’t he just return them to God, or at least get God’s approval before smashing them? Yet he was not admonished! Six explanations in the Sources 1-Because God told him to do it 1 The Talmud reports that four prominent rabbis said that God told Moses to break the tablets. -
THE ARK of the COVENANT the Ark of the Testimony Was the Chief Piece of Furniture in the Tabernacle
THE ARK OF THE COVENANT The Ark of the testimony was the chief piece of furniture in the tabernacle. It was a chest. In Hebrew the word for this “Ark” was a different word from the one for Noah’s Ark, and from the basket where Moses was placed as a baby in the Nile. It was 2½ x 1½ x 1½ cubits, made of acacia wood and overlaid inside and outside with pure gold. A rim of gold encircled it at the top. On each side at the bottom there were two golden rings. Poles of acacia wood covered with gold were put through these rings so that Levites of the family of Kohath could carry it. On solemn occasions priests carried it. It was covered by a lid of solid gold, called the “mercy seat” or “the atonement cover:” Two cherubim of gold stood on the cover, of one piece with the mercy seat, one on each side, spreading their wings so as to overshadow it. They were symbols of the presence of the Lord. There the LORD dwelt in the midst of His people. The Ark was made especially to hold the two tablets of the Law. God Himself had written His Ten Commandments on tablets of stone. The popular custom of calling commandments I-III “the first table” and commandments IV-X “the second table” is mistaken. When people of old made a covenant, as when people sign an important document today, each party kept a copy. There were two full sets of the Ten Commandments, God’s copy, and the people’s copy, and both were kept in the Ark of the Covenant.