Palestine - Walking Through History
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Why the Walls of Jericho Came Tumbling Down
WHY THE WALLS OF JERICHO CAME TUMBLING DOWN SHUBERT SPERO What follows is an attempt to give a rational explanation for the fall of the walls of Jericho following the siege of the city by the Israelite forces led by 1 Joshua. The theory I wish to propose is designed not to replace the textual account but to complement it. That is, to suggest a reality that does not contradict the official version but which may have been behind it and for whose actual occurrence several hints may be found in the text. The fall of the walls of Jericho was indeed a wondrous event and the text properly sees God as the agent in the sense that it was He who inspired Joshua to come up 2 with his ingenious plan. Our theory suggests a connection between the two outstanding features of the story: (1) The adventure of the two Israelite spies in the house of Rahab the inn-keeper, before the Israelites crossed the Jordan, and (2) the mystify- ing circling of the city by the priestly procession for the seven days preceding the tumbling down of the walls. Let us first review the salient facts involved in the incident of the spies. We are told that Rahab's dwelling was part of the city wall and that in the wall she dwelt (Josh. 2:15) with a window that looked out on the area outside the city. The spies avoid capture by the Canaanite authorities through the efforts of Rahab and, in gratitude, they promise the woman that she and her family will not be harmed during the impending attack, and instruct her to gather them all into her house and hang scarlet threads in the window. -
Peacebuilding Across the Israeli/ Palessnian Border Through
Peacebuilding across the Israeli/ Pales4nian Border through Environmental Educaon GSA 2017 Mee4ng, T6. Cross-Border Community Engagement Using Geoscience Research, Educa<on, and Outreach Malcolm Siegel, PhD, MPH Director, Educaon and Operaons Water Resources Ac4on Project, Inc. www.wrapdc.org Water Resources Ac4on Project • US-based non-profit organizaon founded in 2009. • Seeks to improve public health in underserved communi4es in Israel, Pales4ne and Jordan through improved water stewardship. • Works across poli%cal, cultural and geographic borders • Strict poli4cal and religious neutrality. • Sponsors, designs, and installs rainwater harves4ng systems at schools which supply 85% of water to rest rooms. • Seeks to connect Arab and Jewish students through related environmental educaonal program. • Works with other grass-roots environmental organizaons in Middle East. Water Problems in Israel/Pales4ne • Climate variable over small region – Coastal/north Israel: cool rainy winters – West Bank and south & east Israel • arid, extended hot and dry season – Rainfall varies greatly (< 50 to >1000 mm/yr) • Ongoing pollu4on of Mountain Aquifer – 90% of sewage (50 MCM/yr) from PA towns flow into environment untreated. • Unequal distribu4on of water resources • 118,000 Pales4nians not connected to water; buy from tankers; can spend 40% of income; average use is 20 L/day (WHO recommends >60 L/day) • Borders of Jerusalem Municipality, Separaon Wall and Green Line leave some residents cut off from water supplies. On-going environmental damage due to lack of Peace Treaty Ave annual precip (1961-1990) Future Conflicts Over the Mountain Aquifer 2 Major Water Sheds 90% of groundwater comes from Mountain Aquifer. Most recharge in West Bank. -
The Bible, the Qur'an and Science
مكتبةمكتبة مشكاةمشكاة السإلميةالسإلمية The Bible, The Qur'an and Science The Holy Scriptures Examined In The Light Of Modern Knowledge by Dr. Maurice Bucaille Translated from French by Alastair D. Pannell and The Author مكتبةمكتبة مشكاةمشكاة السإلميةالسإلمية Table of Contents Foreword.........................................................................................3 Introduction......................................................................................3 The Old Testament..........................................................................9 The Books of the Old Testament...................................................13 The Old Testament and Science Findings....................................23 Position Of Christian Authors With Regard To Scientific Error In The Biblical Texts...........................................................................33 Conclusions...................................................................................37 The Gospels..................................................................................38 Historical Reminder Judeo-Christian and Saint Paul....................41 The Four Gospels. Sources and History.......................................44 The Gospels and Modern Science. The General Genealogies of Jesus.........................................................................................62 Contradictions and Improbabilities in the Descriptions.................72 Conclusions...................................................................................80 -
Muslim Women's Pilgrimage to Mecca and Beyond
Muslim Women’s Pilgrimage to Mecca and Beyond This book investigates female Muslims pilgrimage practices and how these relate to women’s mobility, social relations, identities, and the power struc- tures that shape women’s lives. Bringing together scholars from different disciplines and regional expertise, it offers in-depth investigation of the gendered dimensions of Muslim pilgrimage and the life-worlds of female pilgrims. With a variety of case studies, the contributors explore the expe- riences of female pilgrims to Mecca and other pilgrimage sites, and how these are embedded in historical and current contexts of globalisation and transnational mobility. This volume will be relevant to a broad audience of researchers across pilgrimage, gender, religious, and Islamic studies. Marjo Buitelaar is an anthropologist and Professor of Contemporary Islam at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands. She is programme-leader of the research project ‘Modern Articulations of Pilgrimage to Mecca’, funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). Manja Stephan-Emmrich is Professor of Transregional Central Asian Stud- ies, with a special focus on Islam and migration, at the Institute for Asian and African Studies at Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany, and a socio-cultural anthropologist. She is a Principal Investigator at the Berlin Graduate School Muslim Cultures and Societies (BGSMCS) and co-leader of the research project ‘Women’s Pathways to Professionalization in Mus- lim Asia. Reconfiguring religious knowledge, gender, and connectivity’, which is part of the Shaping Asia network initiative (2020–2023, funded by the German Research Foundation, DFG). Viola Thimm is Professorial Candidate (Habilitandin) at the Institute of Anthropology, University of Heidelberg, Germany. -
Three Conquests of Canaan
ÅA Wars in the Middle East are almost an every day part of Eero Junkkaala:of Three Canaan Conquests our lives, and undeniably the history of war in this area is very long indeed. This study examines three such wars, all of which were directed against the Land of Canaan. Two campaigns were conducted by Egyptian Pharaohs and one by the Israelites. The question considered being Eero Junkkaala whether or not these wars really took place. This study gives one methodological viewpoint to answer this ques- tion. The author studies the archaeology of all the geo- Three Conquests of Canaan graphical sites mentioned in the lists of Thutmosis III and A Comparative Study of Two Egyptian Military Campaigns and Shishak and compares them with the cities mentioned in Joshua 10-12 in the Light of Recent Archaeological Evidence the Conquest stories in the Book of Joshua. Altogether 116 sites were studied, and the com- parison between the texts and the archaeological results offered a possibility of establishing whether the cities mentioned, in the sources in question, were inhabited, and, furthermore, might have been destroyed during the time of the Pharaohs and the biblical settlement pe- riod. Despite the nature of the two written sources being so very different it was possible to make a comparative study. This study gives a fresh view on the fierce discus- sion concerning the emergence of the Israelites. It also challenges both Egyptological and biblical studies to use the written texts and the archaeological material togeth- er so that they are not so separated from each other, as is often the case. -
Al-Aqsa Arabic, Literally
al-Aqsa Arabic, literally “the more remote,” but re- GLOSSARY ferring to the entire Muslim religious complex en- compassing the Dome of the Rock and the Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem Ateret Cohanim Hebrew, literally “the Priestly crown,” the name of a religious nationalist organization whose purpose is to settle Jews in East Jerusalem and the Muslim quarters of the Old City bayan Arabic, “proclamations, reports,” but also meaning “patency, obviousness” al-Buraq Arabic, also al-Buraq al-Sharif, or “noble Bu- raq.” The name of Muhammad’s steed, it is by tra- dition also the name given by Muslims to the site Jews commonly refer to as the Western, or Wailing Wall in Jerusalem. Muslim tradition holds that it is at this site that Muhammad tethered Buraq on his night journey, known as the Isra to the Aqsa. Hakeren Lemorshet Hakotel Hama’aravi Hebrew, for the Western Wall Heritage Foundation al-Haram al-Sharif Arabic, literally “the noble enclosure or compound,” the term refers to the same compound as the Aqsa, i.e., the Muslim Sanctuary contained of the original Herodian walls once bounding the Hebrew Temple in Jerusalem. In its center stands the Dome of the Rock Jamiyyat Hirasat al-Masjid al-Aqsa wal-Amakin al-Islamiyya al-Muqaddasa bil Quds Arabic, for the Society for the Protection of the Aqsa Mosque and the Islamic Holy Places in Jerusalem Lajnat al-Difaan al-Buraq al-Sharif Arabic, for Defense Committee for the Buraq al-Sharif, variously translated by the Shaw Commission as the Defense Com- mittee for the Noble Buraq al-Majlis al-Shari al-Islami -
Joshua 5:13-6:27 INTRODUCTION: Jericho Was a City Near the Dead Sea and the Jordan River
Joshua and the Conquest of Jericho TEXT: Joshua 5:13-6:27 INTRODUCTION: Jericho was a city near the Dead Sea and the Jordan River. As the Israelites crossed over the Jordan River, they came first to the city of Jericho. They would not be able to go any further into the Promised Land unless they went through Jericho. They knew. God knew it. Jericho would be a city specifically cursed by the Lord. The Jews were to conquer the city, but they were not to take any of the possessions of the city for themselves. However, the city had huge walls. The border of the city was actually two huge walls, one inside the other. The walls were so thick that six horses and a chariot could travel along the top of the walls. Houses were built into and between the walls, and many people, such as Rahab the harlot, lived in these houses. God commanded Joshua and Israel conquer this city. Bear in mind, they had no army. They had been in the wilderness for forty years. They simply had God’s command to take the city, and God gave it to them in a miraculous way. How could an untrained band of wilderness wandering travelers defeat a well-armed army in a fortified city? It happened because…. I. THEY HAD FAITH IN GOD’S COMMANDER A. The people knew God put Joshua in charge – They had all seen when God met with Moses and Joshua and turned over the leadership of the nation from Moses to Joshua. -
In the Footsteps of Egeria: a Holy Land Pilgrimage to Places, Peoples and Peace January 4-20, 2018 17 Days with Optional Extension to Jordan January 20-23
Wartburg Theological Seminary Study Tour In Partnership with Luther College In the Footsteps of Egeria: A Holy Land Pilgrimage to Places, Peoples and Peace January 4-20, 2018 17 Days with optional extension to Jordan January 20-23 Led by Dr. Thomas Schattauer Thomas Schattauer is Professor of previous trips and an ongoing concern geria was a pilgrim nun who journeyed to the Liturgics and Dean of the Chapel for the life of Christian communities in Holy Land toward the end of the fourth cen- E at Wartburg Theological Seminary, the Middle East. Thomas is married to tury. She was irrepressibly curious, devoutly Chris- Dubuque, Iowa. As a liturgical scholar, Paula Carlson, the president of Luther tian, and a careful observer of places and peoples. he is fascinated with how the places College, and enjoys many opportunities We will travel in her footsteps—and those of many connected to Jesus’ life became places to participate in the life of the college. pilgrims before and since—as we visit the biblical of pilgrimage and prayer and influ- Thomas is eager to welcome members sites, explore the story of Christian existence in this enced the shape of liturgy and piety of both the Wartburg Seminary and place, and encounter voices for peace among the for Christians throughout the world. He brings Luther College communities on this pilgrimage peoples of Israel and Palestine today. to this pilgrim’s tour the experience of three tour of the Holy Land. DAY-BY-DAY ITINERARY WED 10 JAN Bethlehem TUE 16 JAN Jerusalem Visit Qasr al Yahud on the Jordan River, a baptismal Visit the Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchate and THU 04 JAN Depart U.S. -
Decline in Vertebrate Biodiversity in Bethlehem, Palestine
Volume 7, Number 2, June .2014 ISSN 1995-6673 JJBS Pages 101 - 107 Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences Decline in Vertebrate Biodiversity in Bethlehem, Palestine Mazin B. Qumsiyeh1,* , Sibylle S. Zavala1 and Zuhair S. Amr2 1 Faculty of Science, Bethlehem University 9 Rue des Freres, Bethlehem, Palestine. 2 Department of Biology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. Received: December 10, 2013 Revised: January 15, 2014 Accepted: January 20, 2014 Abstract Our data showed that in the 1960s/1970s some 31 species of mammals and 78 species of birds were present in the area of the Bethlehem governorate, between Bethlehem and Deir Mar Saba. Comparison with observations done in 2008-2013 showed significant declines in vertebrate biodiversity in this area, which has increasingly become urbanized, with an increase in temperature and a decrease in annual rainfall over the past four decades. Keywords: Biodiversity, Palestine, Mammals, Birds, Reptiles. the human pressure in all areas (ARIJ, 1995). However, 1. Introduction the impact of these changes on nature was not studied. To estimate the impact of this human development Research on vertebrate biodiversity in the occupied on nature is difficult. Most studies of fauna and flora of West Bank is limited compared to that in the nearby the area South of Jerusalem (Bethlehem Governorate) areas of Palestine and Jordan; Palestinian research in was done by Western visitors who came on short trips to general still lags behind (Qumsiyeh and Isaac, 2012). tour the "Holy Land". One of the first native More work is needed to study habitat destruction Palestinians who engaged in faunal studies was Dr. -
Sermon Study Guide
SMALL GROUP DISCUSSION GUIDE Sermon Study Guide Pastor Phil Newby – November 17, 2019 1. Read 1 Samuel 13:1-14. Discuss why Saul was rejected by God. What does it mean that his reign would have been permanently established? SERMON NOTES HAVE A HEART – 2. Why was Saul impatient when Samuel was late? Where was his focus? THE TRAGEDY OF KING SAUL PASSAGES IN 1 SAMUEL 3. The Bible often talks about waiting on the LORD. Have volunteers 1 Samuel 8:18 read these verses and then discuss what you observe: …you will cry out because of the king you’ve chosen for yourselves… Lamentations 3:25-26, Psalm 27:14, Isaiah 40:31, Micah 7:7, Psalm 37:7, Psalm 25:4-5, Proverbs 20:22, Galatians 5:5, Titus 2:13, Luke WHO WAS KING SAUL? 2:25, Roman 8:25. 1. SAUL WAS FROM THE TRIBE OF _____________________ 4. Read verse 1 Samuel 13:14 again. Who is the one that the LORD has found who is a man after his own heart? Hint: He wrote the A. THEY WERE KNOWN FOR BEING GREAT ___________________. Psalms you just read. Compare this man and Saul concerning waiting on the LORD. B. THE LAND OF THIS TRIBE INCLUDED THE CITIES OF 5. What is the connection between waiting for the LORD and faith in ___________________ AND ______________________. Christ? 2. SAUL WAS TECHNICALLY ISRAEL’S ________________ KING 6. How do we struggle waiting? What are some examples of how impatient we are with God? What areas of our lives today do we A. -
Miracles of St. Eustratius of Mar Saba (Written Ca
Chronos- Revue d’Histoire de l’Université de Balamand, is a bi-annual Journal published in three languages (Arabic, English and French). It deals particularly with the History of the ethnic and religious groups of the Arab world. Journal Name: Chronos ISSN: 1608-7526 Title: Unpublished Texts from the Arab Orthodox Tradition (2): Miracles of St. Eustratius of Mar Saba (written ca. 860) Author(s): Alexandre Treiger To cite this document: Treiger, A. (2018). Unpublished Texts from the Arab Orthodox Tradition (2): Miracles of St. Eustratius of Mar Saba (written ca. 860). Chronos, 33, 7-20. https://doi.org/10.31377/chr.v33i0.89 Permanent link to this document: DOI: https://doi.org/10.31377/chr.v33i0.89 Chronos uses the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-SA that lets you remix, transform, and build upon the material for non-commercial purposes. However, any derivative work must be licensed under the same license as the original. CHRONOS Re vue d' Histoire de l'U ni versite de Ba lamand Nu mero 33, 2016, ISSN 1608 7526 UNPUBLISHED TEXTS FROM THE ARAB ORTHODOX TRADITION (2): MIRACLES OF ST. EUSTRATIUS OF MAR SABA (WRITTEN ca. 860) ALEXANDER T REIGER' The purpose of the present article- the second instalment in the "Unpublished Texts from the Arab Orthodox Tradition" series- is to make accessible a hitherto neglected document from the Orthodox Christian tradition in Arabic: a brief account of the miracles of a little-known saint, SI. Eustratius of Mar Saba (first half of the ninth century), a disciple of the famous SI. Stephen of Mar Saba (d. -
Our Trip Report
Sustainable Israeli-Palestinian Projects P.O. Box 335 www.sipprojects.org Boulder CO 80306-0335 [email protected] Trip Report to Israel and the West Bank, January 2018 Peter Ornstein, Bernard Amadei (Jan 1-8), Tara Winer (Jan 6-8) This is an overview of the trip that several SIPP board members took to Israel and the West Bank in January, 2018. Jan 2 - Peter and Bernard met with Avner Goren at the Eyal Hotel in Jerusalem. Avner briefed us on plans for the following several days and informed us that Joktan Cohen (EWB- Netherlands) needed to cancel his trip and won’t be joining us. Avner joins Peter and Bernard for all of their meetings through Jan 8. Jan 2 – Meeting: Anat (AJEEC-NISPED), Akram (Green Land Society) in Beit Jalla. Akram described the status of the Education Center, and reiterated the need for additional funding. SIPP makes plans to visit the center on Jan 7. We learned about a US State Dept grant proposal that AJEEC was preparing that would include SIPP. We confirmed that we would connect Randy Martin to Akram. Randy, an air quality expert at Utah State Univ, will be a Fullbright Flex Fellow visiting Al Ajef Univ in Nablus in the spring to help establish an environmental program in the engineering department. There may be an opportunity for Randy to perform air quality monitoring at/near the metals processing sites near Hebron. This connection was then made subsequent to the meeting. Observations and Recommendations: - Follow-up with Randy and Akram to identify possible SIPP support.