Biological status and developments of the main stocks Baltic Sea, and Northeast Atlantic Stocks

State of Fish Stocks and the Economics of Fishing Fleets Seminar, Brussels 26 September 2016 Eskild Kirkegaard, ICES ACOM Chair ECOREGIONS Stock status Developments in stock size

Causes for changes in stock size

Ecosystem impacts of the changes

Fisheries and ecosystem overviews

BAY OF BISCAY: • Sardine • Sole • Seabass IBERIAIBERIA (VIIIc (8c, ,9a): IXa ): • Hake • Anchovy 8 and 9 • Anglerfish (pisc.) • Plaice • Anglerfish (budeg.) • Pollack • Hake • Whiting • Horse mackerel • Megrim (whiff.) • Megrim (bosc.) • Sardine • Seabass • Sole

Bay of Biscay & Iberia ecoregion 140000 whg-89a 300000 Bay of Biscay & Iberia ecoregion – Landings (t) by stock whg-89a sol-bisc sol-bisc sar-sothpol-89a 120000 pol-89aple.27.89a 250000 ple.27.89anep-31 nep-31nep-30 nep-30nep-2829 100000 nep-2829nep-2627 200000 nep-2627nep-25 nep-25 nep-2324 80000 nep-2324 mgw-8c9a mgw-8c9a mgb-8c9a 150000 mgb-8c9a jaa-10 jaa-10 60000 mon.27.8c9a meg.27.8c9a 100000 ldb.27.8c9a 40000 hom-soth hke-soth bss.27.8c9a 50000 anp-8c9a 20000 anp-8c9a ank.27.8c9a ank.27.8c9a ane-pore ane-pore ane-bisc ane-bisc 00 anb-8c9a 19941994 19961996 19981998 20002000 20022002 20042004 20062006 20082008 20102010 20122012 20142014 anb-8c9a Bay of Biscay & Iberia ecoregion

Bay of Biscay & Iberia ecoregion – Developments in stock size and exploitation Hake, southern stock

Four-spot megrim

Sardine, Bay of Biscay

Bay of Biscay & Iberia ecoregion West of & Rockall • Cod • Haddock • Herring • Cod • Whiting • Haddock • Megrim • Whiting • Plaice & • Herring West, Southwest • Sole • Cod • Haddock • Herring • Whiting • Plaice • Cod • Sole • Sole • Anglerfish • Pollach • Plaice • Sea bass

Celtic Seas ecoregion 300000 whg-scow Celtic Seas – Landings (t) by stock whg-7e-k whg.27.7a spr-ech sol-iris sol-echw 250000 sol-celt sol-7h-k san.27.6a ple-iris ple-echw ple-celt 200000 ple-7h-k nop.27.6a nep-22 nep-2021 nep-19 nep-17 150000 nep-16 nep-15 nep-14 nep-13 nep-12 nep-11 100000 mgw-78 meg-rock her-nirs her-irls her-67bc had-rock 50000 had-iris had-7b-k cod-iris cod-7e-k Cod 6b bss-47 anp-78ab 0 ang-ivvi 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 anb-78ab Celtic Sea & West of Scotland ecoregion – Developments in stock size and exploitation Cod west of Scotland

Herring Irish Sea, Celtic Sea, and southwest of Ireland

Sole Bristol Channel, Celtic Sea

Celtic Seas North Sea, Skagerrak and Kattegat • Cod in Kattegat • Whiting in 3a • Sole in 3a & SD 22-24 • Turbot in 3a • Nephrops in 3a • Plaice SD 21- 23

• Cod (4, Skagerrak, 7d) • Megrim • Haddock (Northern Shelf) • Turbot • Whiting (4, 7d) • Brill • Saithe (4, 3a, 6) • Dab • Sole (4) • Flounder • Plaice (4, Skagerrak) • Lemon sole • Nephrops (4) • Witch • Northern hake • Striped red mullet • Sea bass (4bc, 7a, 7d-h)

3000000 whg-47d spr-nsea North Sea – Landings (t) by stock spr-kask sol-nsea sol-kask sol-eche 2500000 san-ns7 san-ns6 san-ns5 san-ns4 san-ns3 san-ns2 2000000 san-ns1 sai-3a46 rjh-7e rje-ech pol-nsea 1500000 ple-nsea ple-eche pan-sknd nop-34 nep-9 nep-8 1000000 nep-7 nep-6 nep-5 nep-3-4 nep-34 nep-33 500000 nep-32 nep-10 hom-nsea her-47d3 had-346a gug-347d 0 cod-kat 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 cod-347d 700000 whg-47d sol-nsea North Sea – Landings (t) by stock exclude sandeel, herring sol-kask and sprat sol-eche 600000 sai-3a46 rjh-7e rje-ech

500000 pol-nsea ple-nsea ple-eche pan-sknd 400000 nop-34 nep-9 nep-8 nep-7 300000 nep-6 nep-5 nep-3-4 200000 nep-34 nep-33 nep-32 nep-10 100000 hom-nsea had-346a gug-347d 0 cod-kat 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 cod-347d North Sea ecoregion – Developments in stock size and exploitation North Sea cod

North Sea plaice

North Sea herring HERRING: Dab 22 – 32 Sea trout 22 – 32 • Gulf of Bothnia Turbot 22 – 32 • Central Baltic • Gulf Riga

Plaice 21 – 23 Plaice 24 – 32 Salmon 22 – 31

Salmon 32 Herring 20 - 24

• Flounder 22 – 23

• Flounder 24 – 25

• Flounder 26 & 28 • Cod SD 22-24 • Flounder 27 & 29 – 32 • Cod SD 24-32 Sprat SD 22-32

Baltic Sea

tur.27.22-32 Landings in t by stock 1200000 spr.27.22-32

ple.27.24-32

1000000 ple.27.21-23

her.27.3031

her.27.28 800000 her.27.25-29+32

her.27.20-24 600000 fle.27.2729-32

fle.27.2628

400000 fle.27.2425

fle.27.2223

dab.27.22-32 200000 cod.27.25-32

cod.27.22-24 0 bll.27.22-32 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 Baltic Sea – Landings (t) by stock Baltic Sea – Stock size and exploitation Baltic Sea sprat

Baltic Sea Northern hake

Plaice North Sea

General trend in stock size and exploitation North Sea cod

Anchovy

1400000 Mackerel catches by geographical area 1200000 Northern hake 1000000 800000 600000 400000 200000

0

1969 1971 1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

Subareas 3,4 Subarea 6 Subarea 7; Div 8abde Subareas 1,2,5,14 Div 8c,9a Distribution 1997 Plaice North Sea 0,5

0,4

0,3

0,2

0,1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10+ 2016 Age composition 0,35 0,3 0,25 0,2 0,15 0,1 0,05 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10+

Plaice - benthic invertebrates North Sea plaice ICES Fisheries overviews Fishing effort Landings

Temporal trends in F and SSB Spatial distribution

Species interaction Swept area ICES Ecosystem overviews

Management Politics Social & use

Chlorophyll Benthic Habitat

Pelagic Habitat Thank you